CN116918676A - Special composition for solanaceous plants with disease resistance and application method - Google Patents
Special composition for solanaceous plants with disease resistance and application method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special composition for solanaceous plants with disease resistance and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of cultivation of solanaceous plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of solanaceous plants, in particular to a special composition for the solanaceous plants with disease resistance and an application method thereof.
Background
The good soil ecosystem is the root of the continuous productivity of the soil, and is the basis for realizing the sustainable development of agriculture. However, in protected vegetable production systems, the prolonged excessive application of agrochemicals breaks the dynamic balance maintained by the different microflora in the soil, resulting in a substantial reduction in the number of beneficial microorganisms. In addition, the unreasonable production mode of the protected area seriously damages the soil structure, and the soil hardening is aggravated. Poor soil aeration can further exacerbate the proliferation of harmful microorganisms and their production of toxins, thereby threatening the presence of beneficial microorganisms. Beneficial microorganisms typically produce antagonistic species that compete with pathogenic bacteria for ecological sites and nutrients, induce plant resistance, and the like, which are beneficial to their inhibition or elimination of pathogenic bacteria in the soil or in plants. Therefore, the microorganisms can be reasonably utilized to prevent and control the occurrence of crop soil-borne diseases to a certain extent. Once the diversity of beneficial biological community structures beneficial to plant growth is destroyed and disappears, the plants are extremely easy to infect diseases, and the biological control is subjected to great pressure.
Solanaceous plants are one of the most important fruits and vegetables in vegetable production. However, the root and stem diseases of the solanaceous vegetables mainly occur in high-temperature seasons, belong to high-temperature and high-humidity diseases, mainly endanger the basal part of stems or underground main lateral roots, start to be dark brown, later spread for one week around the basal part of stems, rot the cortex, yellow and wither leaves at the upper parts of the ground, and seriously cause the death of the whole plant. The incidence rate of the high-temperature and high-humidity environment is up to more than 85%, and the traditional prevention and treatment measures are that after the seedlings are planted, the seedlings are irrigated with chemical agents for 5-7 days for 3-5 times. The root irrigation with the agent can increase the surface humidity, and has prevention and control effects on diseases, but can cause about 20% of damage and dead seedlings, thereby affecting production. If the microbial antagonistic bacteria is used for preventing and controlling solanaceous plants, although the microbial antagonistic bacteria can also play a role in disease resistance, the application range of the microbial antagonistic bacteria is generally 5-35 ℃, the optimal application temperature is 18-30 ℃, the optimal humidity is 60%, and if the microbial antagonistic bacteria are difficult to ferment and propagate under high temperature, high humidity or low temperature conditions, even if the microbial antagonistic bacteria are too high in temperature, the microbial bacterial activity is reduced due to burn, so that an organic compound agent with disease resistance, which is not harmful to seedlings and is suitable for high temperature and high humidity environments, is sought to prevent and control the occurrence of rhizome diseases, and meanwhile, the yield and quality of solanaceous vegetables are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a special composition for solanaceous plants with disease resistance and an application method thereof, which solve the problem that the existing microbial agent is difficult to use in high-temperature weather.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
the special composite agent comprises antagonistic composite bacterial agent added in a planting matrix, damp-heat resistant microbial bacterial agent added in an organic fertilizer and oyster powder applied to the field.
Further, the antagonistic composite bacterial agent contains one or more of microorganism Paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis.
Further, the damp-heat resistant microbial agent comprises the following raw materials: the composite fermentation liquor comprises, by mass, mannitol, arachidonic acid, sodium succinate, cysteine, corn flour, manganese sulfate, bentonite and glucose, wherein the composite fermentation liquor comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1, bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor and bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor.
The antagonistic composite microbial agent is mixed in the planting matrix and can be prevented from being used in high-temperature and high-humidity weather during the preparation process of the planting matrix, so that the antagonistic composite microbial agent does not need to be used in damp-heat prevention, but the composite microbial agent of bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus licheniformis added in the organic fertilizer is usually used outdoors and is used in the seedling stage of solanaceous vegetables, the stage can often meet high-temperature and high-humidity weather, and the microbial agent in the stage is difficult to play an active role, so that the composite microbial agent is treated so as to facilitate the expansion of applicable conditions.
Further, the preparation method of the damp-heat resistant microbial agent comprises the following steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: dissolving glucose, cysteine and manganese sulfate in water to obtain a mixed matrix, adding the composite fermentation liquor, adjusting pH to be 6.5-7, and fermenting at 35-38deg.C for 1 day to complete primary fermentation;
(2) Secondary fermentation: mannitol and arachidonic acid are added into the bacterial liquid of primary fermentation, the pH value is regulated to be 7-7.5, and the fermentation is carried out for 1 day at 38-42 ℃ to finish secondary fermentation;
(3) And (3) fermenting for three times: mixing corn flour and water, adding into secondary fermentation bacterial liquid, adding sodium succinate, and fermenting at 42-45deg.C for 2 days to complete three times of fermentation;
(4) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: and mixing the fermentation liquor after three times of fermentation with bentonite, fully and uniformly stirring, and drying to obtain the damp-heat resistant microbial agent.
The heat resistance of bacillus is affected by the external environment in addition to the gene. According to the invention, bacillus is subjected to three fermentation treatments, so that the heat stress adaptability of microorganisms is improved by influencing the spore flora, and the heat resistance and the humidity resistance of the microorganisms are gradually improved. In the first fermentation process, the pH value of the environment is regulated to 6.5-7, the temperature is 35-38 ℃, the environment is in a neutral or neutral acid bias environment, and then the added raw materials such as glucose, cysteine, manganese sulfate and the like improve the thermal stability of bacillus alkaline protein, prevent the bacillus alkaline protein from undergoing a strong biochemical reaction in the subsequent fermentation environment, and further cause the death of bacterial strains. And adding stress protection substances mannitol and arachidonic acid in the secondary fermentation process, regulating the pH value to be neutral or neutral alkaline environment, continuously increasing the fermentation temperature, and adding raw materials to ensure that the bacillus biological film is kept stable, and protecting the normal operation of the internal cell structure, so that the bacillus biological film can adapt to the environment with higher temperature in the tertiary fermentation process. Sodium succinate and corn flour are added in the third fermentation process, corn flour can provide nutrition for bacillus, sodium succinate can expand the cortex of bacillus, the water content of the bacillus is increased to form buffer, the thermal stimulation effect under the higher temperature condition is slowed down, the bacillus can maintain normal physiological environment under the high temperature and high humidity condition, and the disease resistance effect is achieved. After the fermentation process is finished, the obtained fermentation liquor is mixed with bentonite, and the powdery damp-heat resistant microbial agent is obtained after low-temperature drying, so that the use is facilitated.
Further, in the primary fermentation step of the step (1), the mass ratio of glucose, cysteine, manganese sulfate to water and the composite fermentation liquid is (0.1-0.5): (0.1-0.5): (0.01-0.05): (2-8):
(1-3)。
further, the strain content of the bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor and the bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor in the composite fermentation liquor is not lower than 1 multiplied by 10 5 cfu/g。
Further, in the secondary fermentation step in the step (2), the mass ratio of the primary fermentation broth to mannitol and arachidonic acid is 1: (0.05-0.08): (0.1-0.2).
Further, in the three fermentation step of the step (3), the mass ratio of the corn meal to the sodium succinate to the secondary fermentation broth is (0.5-1): (0.05-0.1): 5.
further, in the preparation step of the microbial inoculum in the step (4), the mass ratio of the fermentation liquid to the bentonite is 10: (1-5).
The invention also discloses an application method of the composition with disease resistance special for solanaceous plants, which comprises the following application steps:
(1) Adding antagonistic composite bacterial agent into the matrix according to the ratio of 100 g/ton, uniformly mixing, and then sowing seeds of solanaceous plants into the matrix;
if the antagonistic composite microbial inoculum is not timely applied in the seedling stage, the antagonistic composite microbial inoculum can be transplanted and irrigated into roots or applied in pits, but is not suitable for foliar spray application of the seedbed. When in use, the bactericide and strong acid and strong alkali substances are prevented from being directly mixed for use.
(2) When the field is planted in a turned-over manner, oyster powder is spread, the application amount is 5-100 kg/mu, and the oyster powder is uniformly turned over and ploughed underground along with the turning-over of the field; when in use, the oyster powder is prevented from directly contacting the root system of the seedling, and the distance between the oyster powder and the root system is kept above 5-10 cm.
Preferably, when the pH value of soil of a planting field is below 5.5, the application amount is 100 kg/mu; the pH value is above 5.5, and the application amount is 50 kg/mu; the pH value is about 7.0, and the application amount is 5-10 kg/mu; then uniformly ploughing underground along with ploughing;
(3) After 60 days of greenhouse floating seedling, performing field planting on solanaceous plant seedlings;
(4) When planting solanaceous plants, adding a microbial agent for resisting damp and heat into the fully decomposed organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, and carrying out strip application or broadcast application, wherein the application amount is 2 kg/mu;
(5) The method comprises the steps of applying No. Jin Weiguo to a solanaceous plant in a vegetative growth period, applying No. Jin Weiguo to a solanaceous plant in a fruiting period, spraying foliar fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer to the surfaces of plant leaves, wherein the application amount is 50 g/mu.
Further, the solanaceous plants are tobacco, potato, tomato, eggplant and capsicum.
Furthermore, the special composition for solanaceous plants disclosed by the invention can be used under the high-temperature weather of 35-55 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention improves the disease resistance of plants by the mixed application of antagonistic composite microbial agents, damp-heat resistant microbial agents and oyster powder, replaces chemical control, greatly reduces the occurrence probability of root and stem diseases of solanaceous plants, does not damage the plants, saves the expenditure of chemical agents and labor cost, and has the characteristics of safety and environmental protection.
2. The invention standardizes field operation measures in the cultivation process of the solanaceous plants, is convenient for saving and stabilizing the production in the production of the solanaceous vegetables, meets the living needs of people, realizes the new concept of green agriculture, and has good social and economic benefits.
3. The anti-damp-heat microbial agent prepared by the invention can be used in a high-heat environment, is especially suitable for areas with high-heat and high-humidity environments in summer like Chongqing and the like, does not reduce the activity of the microbial agent in the high-heat environment, and improves the yield and quality of solanaceous vegetables while preventing and controlling rhizome diseases.
Drawings
Figure 1 is an experiment 2, a cosmetic pepper planting base.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:
example 1: preparation of composite agent special for solanaceous plant
The microorganisms in the antagonistic composite microbial inoculum are paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus cereus, and the mass ratio is 1:1:1.
oyster powder: mainly prepared by baking oyster shell, grinding into powder, and sieving with 230-325 mesh sieve.
The preparation method of the anti-damp-heat microbial agent comprises the following specific raw materials and preparation steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 0.1kg glucose, 0.1kg cysteine and 0.01kg manganese sulfate, adding into 2kg water for dissolution to obtain a mixed matrix, adding 1kg composite fermentation liquor, adjusting pH to be 6.5, and fermenting for 1 day at 35-38 ℃ to complete primary fermentation;
the adopted composite fermentation liquor is bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor and bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the strain content of the bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquid and the bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid is not less than 1 multiplied by 10 5 cfu/g。
(2) Secondary fermentation: adding 0.15kg mannitol and 0.3kg arachidonic acid into 3kg primary fermentation bacterial liquid, adjusting pH=7, fermenting for 1 day at 38-42 ℃, and completing secondary fermentation;
(3) And (3) fermenting for three times: mixing 0.3kg of corn flour with 0.5kg of water, adding into 3kg of secondary fermentation bacterial liquid, adding 0.03kg of sodium succinate, and fermenting at 42-45 ℃ for 2 days to complete three times of fermentation;
(4) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: 3kg of fermentation liquor after three-time fermentation is mixed with 1.5kg of bentonite, and the mixture is fully and uniformly stirred and then dried at a low temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃ to obtain the damp-heat resistant microbial agent.
Example 2: preparation of special composite agent for solanaceous plants
The microorganisms in the antagonistic composite microbial inoculum are paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus cereus, and the mass ratio is 1:1:1.
oyster powder: mainly prepared by baking oyster shell, grinding into powder, and sieving with 230-325 mesh sieve.
The preparation method of the anti-damp-heat microbial agent comprises the following specific raw materials and preparation steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 0.5kg glucose, 0.5kg cysteine and 0.05kg manganese sulfate, adding into 8kg water for dissolution to obtain a mixed matrix, adding 3kg composite fermentation liquor, and fermenting for 1 day under the condition of adjusting pH to be 7 and at 35-38 ℃ to complete primary fermentation;
the adopted composite fermentation liquor is bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor and bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the strain content of the bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquid and the bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid is not less than 1 multiplied by 10 5 cfu/g。
(2) Secondary fermentation: adding 0.12kg mannitol and 0.4kg arachidonic acid into 2kg primary fermentation bacterial liquid, adjusting pH=7.5, fermenting at 38-42 ℃ for 1 day, and completing secondary fermentation;
(3) And (3) fermenting for three times: mixing 0.4kg of corn flour with 0.8kg of water, adding into 2kg of secondary fermentation bacterial liquid, adding 0.4kg of sodium succinate, and fermenting at 42-45 ℃ for 2 days to finish three times of fermentation;
(4) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: mixing 2kg of fermentation liquor after three-time fermentation with 0.5kg of bentonite, fully and uniformly stirring, and drying at a low temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain the anti-damp-heat microbial agent.
Example 3: preparation of special composite agent for solanaceous plants
The microorganisms in the antagonistic composite microbial inoculum are paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus cereus, and the mass ratio is 1:1:1.
oyster powder: mainly prepared by baking oyster shell, grinding into powder, and sieving with 230-325 mesh sieve.
The preparation method of the anti-damp-heat microbial agent comprises the following specific raw materials and preparation steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 0.3kg glucose, 0.3kg cysteine and 0.03kg manganese sulfate, adding into 6kg water for dissolution to obtain a mixed matrix, adding 2kg composite fermentation liquor, and fermenting for 1 day under the condition of adjusting pH to be 7 and at 35-38 ℃ to complete primary fermentation;
the adopted composite fermentation liquor is bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor and bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the strain content of the bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquid and the bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid is not less than 1 multiplied by 10 5 cfu/g。
(2) Secondary fermentation: adding 0.16kg mannitol and 0.3kg arachidonic acid into 2kg primary fermentation bacterial liquid, adjusting pH=7.5, fermenting at 38-42 ℃ for 1 day, and completing secondary fermentation;
(3) And (3) fermenting for three times: mixing 0.1kg of corn flour with 0.2kg of water, adding into 0.5kg of secondary fermentation bacterial liquid, adding 0.01kg of sodium succinate, and fermenting at 42-45 ℃ for 2 days to finish three times of fermentation;
(4) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: mixing 0.5kg of fermentation liquor after three times of fermentation with 0.25kg of bentonite, fully and uniformly stirring, and drying at a low temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain the damp-heat resistant microbial agent.
Comparative example 1:
the invention is compared with the damp-heat resistant microbial agent prepared in the example 1, and the microbial agent is prepared mainly by the following steps of:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 0.1kg glucose, 0.1kg cysteine and 0.01kg manganese sulfate, adding into 2kg water for dissolution to obtain a mixed matrix, adding 1kg composite fermentation liquor, and fermenting for 1 day under the condition of adjusting pH=6.5 at 35 ℃ to complete primary fermentation;
(2) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: 3kg of fermentation liquor after primary fermentation is mixed with 1.5kg of bentonite, and the mixture is fully and uniformly stirred and then dried at a low temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃ to obtain the microbial agent.
Comparative example 2:
the invention is in contrast to the damp-heat resistant microbial agent prepared in example 1, and the microbial agent is prepared mainly by the following steps of:
(1) Fermentation: adding 0.15kg of mannitol and 0.3kg of arachidonic acid into 3kg of the composite fermentation liquid, adjusting the pH to be 7, and fermenting for 1 day at 42 ℃ to finish primary fermentation;
(2) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: 3kg of fermentation liquor after fermentation is mixed with 1.5kg of bentonite, and the mixture is fully and uniformly stirred and then dried at a low temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃ to obtain the microbial agent.
Comparative example 3:
the invention is in contrast to the damp-heat resistant microbial agent prepared in example 1, and the microbial agent is prepared mainly by the following steps of:
(1) Fermentation: mixing 0.3kg of corn flour with 0.5kg of water, adding into 3kg of composite fermentation broth, adding 0.03kg of sodium succinate, and fermenting at 45 ℃ for 2 days to complete fermentation;
(2) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: 3kg of fermentation liquor after three-time fermentation is mixed with 1.5kg of bentonite, and the mixture is fully and uniformly stirred and then dried at a low temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃ to obtain the microbial agent.
Comparative example 4:
the preparation method is in contrast to the damp-heat resistant microbial agent prepared in the example 1, and the microbial agent is prepared mainly by keeping the pH neutral in the preparation process of the comparative example, and comprises the following specific preparation steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 0.1kg glucose, 0.1kg cysteine and 0.01kg manganese sulfate, adding into 2kg water for dissolution to obtain a mixed matrix, adding 1kg composite fermentation liquor, adjusting pH to be 7, and fermenting for 1 day at 35-38 ℃ to complete primary fermentation;
(2) Secondary fermentation: adding 0.15kg mannitol and 0.3kg arachidonic acid into 3kg primary fermentation bacterial liquid, adjusting pH=7, fermenting for 1 day at 38-42 ℃, and completing secondary fermentation;
(3) And (3) fermenting for three times: mixing 0.3kg of corn flour with 0.5kg of water, adding into 3kg of secondary fermentation bacterial liquid, adding 0.03kg of sodium succinate, and fermenting at 42-45 ℃ for 2 days to complete three times of fermentation;
(4) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: 3kg of fermentation liquor after three-time fermentation is mixed with 1.5kg of bentonite, and the mixture is fully and uniformly stirred and then dried at a low temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃ to obtain the damp-heat resistant microbial agent.
Comparative example 5:
the invention is in contrast to the damp-heat resistant microbial agent prepared in example 1, the microbial agent is prepared mainly by the difference that the temperature adjustment is not carried out in the preparation process of the comparative example, the constant temperature is 38-42 ℃ in the fermentation process, and the specific preparation steps are as follows:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 0.1kg glucose, 0.1kg cysteine and 0.01kg manganese sulfate, adding into 2kg water for dissolution to obtain a mixed matrix, adding 1kg composite fermentation liquor, fermenting for 1 day under the condition of adjusting pH=6.5 and at 38-42 ℃, and completing primary fermentation;
(2) Secondary fermentation: adding 0.15kg mannitol and 0.3kg arachidonic acid into 3kg primary fermentation bacterial liquid, adjusting pH=7, fermenting for 1 day at 38-42 ℃, and completing secondary fermentation;
(3) And (3) fermenting for three times: mixing 0.3kg of corn flour with 0.5kg of water, adding into 3kg of secondary fermentation bacterial liquid, adding 0.03kg of sodium succinate, and fermenting at 38-42 ℃ for 2 days to complete three times of fermentation;
(4) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: 3kg of fermentation liquor after three-time fermentation is mixed with 1.5kg of bentonite, and the mixture is fully and uniformly stirred and then dried at a low temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃ to obtain the damp-heat resistant microbial agent.
Comparative example 6:
the invention is compared with the damp-heat resistant microbial agent prepared in the embodiment 1, and the microbial agent is prepared mainly by the following steps of:
(1) Primary fermentation: adding 0.1kg of glucose into 2kg of water for dissolution to obtain a mixed matrix, adding 1kg of composite fermentation liquor, adjusting pH to be 6.5, and fermenting for 1 day at 35-38 ℃ to complete primary fermentation;
steps (2) - (4) are identical.
Comparative example 6:
the invention is compared with the damp-heat resistant microbial agent prepared in the embodiment 1, and the microbial agent is prepared mainly by the steps that mannitol is not added in the secondary fermentation process of the comparative example, the subsequent preparation process is the same, and the specific secondary fermentation in the preparation step (2) is as follows:
(2) Secondary fermentation: adding 0.3kg of arachidonic acid into 3kg of primary fermentation bacterial liquid, adjusting pH=7, and fermenting at 38-42 ℃ for 1 day to complete secondary fermentation;
the steps (1), (3) and (4) are the same.
Comparative example 7:
the invention is compared with the damp-heat resistant microbial agent prepared in the embodiment 1, and the microbial agent is prepared, wherein the main difference is that sodium succinate is not added in the three fermentation processes of the comparative example, the subsequent preparation process is the same, and the specific secondary fermentation in the preparation step (3) is as follows:
(3) And (3) fermenting for three times: mixing 0.3kg of corn flour with 0.5kg of water, adding into 3kg of secondary fermentation bacterial liquid, and fermenting at 42-45 ℃ for 2 days to complete three times of fermentation;
steps (1), (2) and (4) are the same.
Experiment 1:
comparative experiments were conducted on heat resistance of comparative examples 1 to 7 and example 1, and specific experimental procedures are as follows:
(1) Taking 10g of each of the damp-heat resistant microbial agents prepared in example 1 and the microbial agents prepared in comparative examples 1-7;
(2) Adding 0.2g brown sugar into 100g of clear water (about 30 ℃) after insolation, stirring and cutting, respectively adding the microbial inoculum, oxygenating by an oxygenation pump, and reviving the strain after 2-4 hours;
(3) Inoculating a ring of activated strain into 100mL liquid culture medium (the liquid culture medium comprises glucose 5g, yeast extract 5g, peptone 10g, sodium chloride 5g, and water 1000 mL), shake culturing at 30deg.C for 12 hr to obtain seed solution, inoculating 5% volume of seed solution into fermentation culture medium (the fermentation culture medium comprises glucose 20g, soluble starch 40g, peptone 1g, and NaNO) 3 10g，K 2 HPO 4 3g，MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 1g，CaCO 3 1g, 1000mL of water), shaking culture at 50 ℃ for 48 hours, then taking out 10mL for dyeing, observing the spore formation condition, and stopping fermentation when the spore formation rate is more than 90%, so as to obtain fermentation liquor;
(4) Diluting the fermentation broth to 10 times -n LB plates were divided into four zones, each zone containing 20. Mu.L of dilution. The culture dishes are placed at 35 ℃, 45 ℃ and 55 ℃ for 8 hours respectively, colonies in each area are counted, preferably 10-40 colony concentrations are obtained, the number of spores in each mL of fermentation broth is calculated, and the survival number of spores is observed. The data obtained are as follows:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the anti-damp-heat microbial agents prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were each superior in activity when cultured at 35℃but were each reduced in spore count in comparative examples 1 to 7 when cultured at 45℃and were each greatly reduced in spore count in comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, indicating that the composite microbial agents without the primary fermentation, secondary fermentation and tertiary fermentation steps were inferior in heat resistance and that the spore count in comparative examples 1 to 7 was orders of magnitude reduced when cultured at 55℃indicating that the Bacillus activity was inferior and the breeding was not superior. Therefore, the bacillus can obtain better heat resistance after the treatment of the invention, and is suitable for preventing and controlling the occurrence of rhizome diseases at high temperature.
Example 4: application method of special composition for solanaceous plants
(1) Culturing solanaceous plant seedlings by using a floating seedling culture mode, adding antagonistic composite bacterial agent into a matrix according to the ratio of 100 g/ton, uniformly mixing, and then sowing seeds of the solanaceous plants into the matrix;
if the antagonistic composite microbial inoculum is not timely applied in the seedling stage, the antagonistic composite microbial inoculum can be transplanted and irrigated into roots or applied in pits, but is not suitable for foliar spray application of the seedbed. When in use, the bactericide and strong acid and strong alkali substances are prevented from being directly mixed for use.
(2) When the field is planted in a turned-over manner, oyster powder is spread, the application amount is 5-100 kg/mu, and the oyster powder is uniformly turned over and ploughed underground along with the turning-over of the field; when in use, the oyster powder is prevented from directly contacting the root system of the seedling, and the distance between the oyster powder and the root system is kept above 5-10 cm.
Preferably, when the pH value of soil of a planting field is below 5.5, the application amount is 100 kg/mu; the pH value is above 5.5, and the application amount is 50 kg/mu; the pH value is about 7.0, and the application amount is 5-10 kg/mu; then uniformly ploughing underground along with ploughing;
(3) After 60 days of greenhouse floating seedling, planting solanaceous plant seedlings in the afternoon of sunny day or in the cloudy day; the field planting of seedlings requires: shallow without exposing root and deep without burying leaf, leaf refers to cotyledon;
(4) When planting solanaceous plants, adding a microbial agent for resisting damp and heat into the fully decomposed organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, and carrying out strip application or broadcast application, wherein the application amount is 2 kg/mu;
(5) The method comprises the steps of applying No. Jin Weiguo to a solanaceous plant in a vegetative growth period, applying No. Jin Weiguo to a solanaceous plant in a fruiting period, spraying foliar fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer to the surfaces of plant leaves, wherein the application amount is 50 g/mu.
The special composition is optimally used for solanaceous plants and mainly comprises tobacco, potatoes, peppers, eggplants and peppers.
Experiment 2:
the special composition prepared in example 1 was subjected to a planting experiment, and the specific experimental procedure is as follows:
1. test varieties: capsicum (beautiful pepper); location: the north medium of Chongqing city;
planting time: 2022 month 3-2022 month 10; highest air temperature: 44.6 ℃, extreme temperature difference: 23 ℃, highest ground temperature: 51 ℃, relative humidity: 70-80%;
2. three treatments are set in the experiment, the treatments are arranged randomly and repeated for three times, and the area of a single cell is 0.1 mu;
treatment 1: antagonistic composite microbial agent + the damp-heat resistant microbial agent + oyster powder prepared in example 1;
treatment 2: antagonistic composite bacterial agent+commercial rhizome health composite bacterial agent (bacillus amyloliquefaciens, paenibacillus mucilaginosus and Brevibacillus laterosporus, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g) +oyster powder;
treatment 3: organic fertilizer (application amount is 2 tons/mu).
4. The planting process comprises the following steps:
(1) Cultivating the capsicum by using a floating seedling cultivation mode, adding an antagonistic composite microbial agent or farmyard manure into a common capsicum cultivation matrix according to the ratio of 100 g/ton, uniformly mixing, and sowing capsicum seeds into the matrix;
(2) When the field is planted in a turning manner, oyster powder or farmyard manure is spread, the application amount is 10 kg/mu, and the oyster powder or farmyard manure is evenly turned over and ploughed underground along with the turning of the field;
(3) After 60 days of greenhouse floating seedling, planting pepper seedlings in the afternoon of sunny days or in the shade, wherein the planting density per mu is about 5000 plants; the field planting of seedlings requires: shallow without exposing root and deep without burying leaf, leaf refers to cotyledon;
(4) When planting solanaceous plants, adding a microbial agent or a rhizome health composite microbial agent or a farmyard manure for resisting damp and heat into the fully decomposed organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, and then applying with a rate of 2 kg/mu by applying or broadcasting;
(5) Jin Weiguo 5 No. 5 is applied in the growing period of the capsicum, jin Weiguo No. 7 is applied in the fruiting period of the solanaceous plant, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and the foliar fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the leaves of the plant, wherein the application amount is 50 g/mu.
The field management during planting is carried out according to a conventional pepper planting management method.
5. The yields are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Analysis:
the antagonistic composite microbial agent, the anti-damp-heat microbial agent prepared in the embodiment 1 and oyster powder are adopted in the treatment 1 for combining and planting the chilli, compared with the antagonistic composite microbial agent, the commercially available rhizome health composite microbial agent and oyster powder in the treatment 2, the mu yield is increased by 188.3kg, and compared with the farmyard manure in the treatment 3, 530.7kg is increased, and although extremely high-temperature weather is encountered in the experimental period, the treatment 1 is still in high yield, so that the anti-damp-heat microbial agent prepared in the invention can be used in a high-heat environment, and is particularly suitable for being used in areas with high-heat and high-humidity environments.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention. The technology, shape, and construction parts of the present invention, which are not described in detail, are known in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The special composition for solanaceous plants with disease resistance is characterized by comprising antagonistic composite bacterial agents added in a planting matrix, damp-heat resistant microbial bacterial agents added in an organic fertilizer and oyster powder applied to fields.
2. The composition for resisting solanaceous plants according to claim 1, wherein said microorganism in said antagonistic composite bacterial agent is one or more of paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis.
3. The disease-resistant solanaceous plant special composition of claim 1, wherein said damp-heat resistant microbial agent comprises the following raw materials: the composite fermentation liquor comprises, by mass, mannitol, arachidonic acid, sodium succinate, cysteine, corn flour, manganese sulfate, bentonite and glucose, wherein the composite fermentation liquor comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1, bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor and bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor.
4. The composition with disease resistance for solanaceous plants according to claim 3, wherein said preparation method of said antimicrobial agent against damp-heat is as follows:
(1) Primary fermentation: dissolving glucose, cysteine and manganese sulfate in water to obtain a mixed matrix, adding the composite fermentation liquor, adjusting pH to be 6.5-7, and fermenting at 35-38deg.C for 1 day to complete primary fermentation;
(2) Secondary fermentation: mannitol and arachidonic acid are added into the bacterial liquid of primary fermentation, the pH value is regulated to be 7-7.5, and the fermentation is carried out for 1 day at 38-42 ℃ to finish secondary fermentation;
(3) And (3) fermenting for three times: mixing corn flour and water, adding into secondary fermentation bacterial liquid, adding sodium succinate, and fermenting at 42-45deg.C for 2 days to complete three times of fermentation;
(4) And (3) preparation of a microbial inoculum: and mixing the fermentation liquor after three times of fermentation with bentonite, fully and uniformly stirring, and drying to obtain the damp-heat resistant microbial agent.
5. The disease-resistant solanaceous plant special composition according to claim 4, wherein in said step (1) of primary fermentation, the mass ratio of glucose, cysteine, manganese sulfate to water and composite fermentation liquid is (0.1-0.5): (0.1-0.5): (0.01-0.05): (2-8): (1-3).
6. The disease-resistant solanaceous plant special composition according to claim 5, wherein in said step (2) of secondary fermentation, the mass ratio of the primary fermentation broth to mannitol and arachidonic acid is 1: (0.05-0.08): (0.1-0.2).
7. The disease-resistant solanaceous plant special composition according to claim 6, wherein in the three fermentation steps of the step (3), the mass ratio of corn flour, sodium succinate and secondary fermentation bacteria liquid is (0.5-1): (0.05-0.1): 5.
8. the disease-resistant solanaceous plant special composition of claim 7, wherein in said step (4) of preparing microbial inoculum, the mass ratio of said fermentation liquid to bentonite is 10: (1-5).
9. The application method of the composition agent special for the solanaceous plants with the disease resistance is characterized by comprising the following application steps:
(1) Adding antagonistic composite bacterial agent into the matrix according to the ratio of 100 g/ton, uniformly mixing, and then sowing seeds of solanaceous plants into the matrix;
(2) When the field is planted in a turning manner, oyster powder is spread, and the application amount is 5-100 kg/mu;
(3) After 60 days of greenhouse floating seedling, performing field planting on solanaceous plant seedlings;
(4) When planting solanaceous plants, adding a microbial agent for resisting damp and heat into the fully decomposed organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, and carrying out strip application or broadcast application, wherein the application amount is 2 kg/mu;
(5) The method comprises the steps of applying No. Jin Weiguo to a solanaceous plant in a vegetative growth period, applying No. Jin Weiguo to a solanaceous plant in a fruiting period, spraying foliar fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer to the surfaces of plant leaves, wherein the application amount is 50 g/mu.
10. The application method of a composition with disease resistance special for solanaceous plants according to claim 9, wherein said solanaceous plants are tobacco, potato, tomato, eggplant, capsicum.
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