CN116915272B - 64-channel phased array system and phase calibration method thereof - Google Patents
64-channel phased array system and phase calibration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/16—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/16—Circuits
- H04B1/18—Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The application discloses a 64-channel phased array system and a phase calibration method thereof, comprising a radio frequency antenna module and a wave control module; the radio frequency antenna module comprises a first combiner, a first attenuator, a first filter, a temperature compensation attenuator and eight groups of radio frequency receiving chips; each group of radio frequency receiving chips comprises a second combiner, a first DA conversion module, a second DA conversion module and eight paths of radio frequency receiving channels, each path of radio frequency receiving channel is connected with a receiving antenna, and each path of radio frequency receiving channel comprises a low noise amplifier, a second attenuator and a phase shifter; the wave control module is used for analyzing the phase requirement of each radio frequency receiving channel in each group of radio frequency receiving chips from the wave control instruction after receiving the wave control instruction issued by the upper computer, and adjusting the phase shifter in each radio frequency receiving channel according to the phase requirement. The application can maintain the initial phase of each channel of the phased array system through calibration, and is convenient for phase adjustment in the working process.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to phased array systems, and more particularly, to a 64-channel phased array system and a phase calibration method thereof.
Background
Phased array technology has wide application in many fields such as satellite communications, radar guidance, and communications electronics. The essence of phased array is to properly shift the phase of the signals of array elements of a basic array arranged regularly to obtain the deflection of the array beam. How to accurately transmit the array element signals with low loss is always a hot research topic in the phased array field, and how to finish signal transmission work with smaller volume, lower loss and better cost in the engineering application of a multi-channel phased array system is also a key topic of research at home and abroad.
In the past phased array system, the antenna and the radio frequency circuit are separately designed, or strict isolation measures are adopted on the PCB, so that the influence of the radio frequency board on the antenna can be effectively reduced, and the hardware system is required to use more cavity structures and heavier weight of products, so that the cost and the volume of the system are increased. The traditional phased array system often has the problems of larger volume, higher cost and larger loss. And the phases of the various channels of the traditional phased array system are often not the same, and the calibration is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a 64-channel phased array system and a phase calibration method thereof, which can keep the initial phase of each channel of the phased array system through calibration, thereby being convenient for phase adjustment in the actual working process.
The aim of the application is realized by the following technical scheme: a64-channel phased array system comprises a radio frequency antenna module and a wave control module;
the radio frequency antenna module comprises a first combiner, a first attenuator, a first filter, a temperature compensation attenuator and eight groups of radio frequency receiving chips;
each group of radio frequency receiving chips comprises a second combiner, a first DA conversion module, a second DA conversion module and eight paths of radio frequency receiving channels, each path of radio frequency receiving channel is connected with a receiving antenna, each radio frequency receiving channel comprises a low-noise amplifier, a second attenuator and a phase shifter, the input end of each low-noise amplifier is connected with the receiving antenna, the output end of each low-noise amplifier is connected with the phase shifter through the second attenuator, and the output end of each phase shifter is used as the output end of each path of radio frequency receiving channel; the output ends of the first four paths of radio frequency receiving channels are connected with a first DA conversion module, the output ends of the second four paths of radio frequency receiving channels are connected with a second DA conversion module, the output ends of the first DA conversion module and the second DA conversion module are connected with a second combiner, and the output of the second combiner is used as the output of the whole radio frequency receiving chip;
the output end of each group of the receiving chips is connected with a first combiner, the output end of the first combiner is connected with a temperature compensation attenuator through a first attenuator and a first filter in sequence, and the temperature compensation attenuators output signals outwards;
the wave control module is used for analyzing the phase requirement of each radio frequency receiving channel in each group of radio frequency receiving chips from the wave control instruction after receiving the wave control instruction issued by the upper computer, and adjusting the phase shifter in each radio frequency receiving channel according to the phase requirement.
Preferably, the phased array system further comprises a power supply module for powering the radio frequency antenna module and the wave control module. The radio frequency antenna module is integrated on the radio frequency antenna board; the power module and the wave control module are integrated on the wave control power panel.
Preferably, in the eight radio frequency receiving channels, a four-in-one first microstrip combiner is further arranged between the front four radio frequency receiving channels and the first DA conversion module, and the input ends of the first microstrip combiner are respectively connected with the output ends of the front four radio frequency receiving channels; the output end of the first microstrip combiner is connected with a first DA conversion module;
a four-in-one second micro-strip combiner is further arranged between the rear four-path radio frequency receiving channel and the second DA conversion module, and the input end of the second micro-strip combiner is respectively connected with the output end of the rear four-path radio frequency receiving channel; and the output end of the second microstrip combiner is connected with a second DA conversion module.
Preferably, the second combiner is a two-in-one combiner. The first combiner is an eight-in-one combiner.
A method of phase calibration of a 64 channel phased array system, comprising the steps of:
s1, respectively carrying out phase test on each radio frequency receiving channel of each group of radio frequency receiving chips by using a vector network analyzer to obtain a phase test result of 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels, and inputting the phase test result into a wave control module;
s2, the wave control module calculates the average value of the phase test results of the 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels, then takes the calculated average value as a reference value, calculates the difference between the phase test results of the 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels and the average value, and adjusts the phase shifter in each path of radio frequency receiving channels according to the difference result so that the initial phase of each path of radio frequency receiving channel is equal to the reference value, and stores the reference value;
s3, before the phased array system starts to work, the wave control module receives a wave beam control instruction of the upper computer, analyzes a phase requirement value of each radio frequency receiving channel in each group of radio frequency receiving chips, and adjusts a phase shifter in each radio frequency receiving channel on the basis of a reference value so that the phase of each radio frequency receiving channel is equal to the phase requirement value.
The phase calibration method further comprises:
after the phase of each radio frequency receiving channel is equal to the phase requirement value, testing the phased array waveform in the microwave darkroom, namely, transmitting signals in the microwave darkroom by using a transmitter, receiving signals by using a phased array system, sending the transmitting signals of the transmitter and the signals received by the phased array system into an oscilloscope, if the phase difference between the transmitting signal waveform and the receiving signal waveform is smaller than a set threshold value, considering that the phased array system is successfully calibrated, and if the phase difference between the transmitting signal waveform and the receiving signal waveform is not smaller than the set threshold value, re-executing the steps S1-S3.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows: the application provides a 64-channel phased array system based on a multifunctional chip and a phase calibration method, wherein the system is mainly realized by a radio frequency antenna module and a wave control module. The RF transceiver chip can complete the RF signal processing of two channels by utilizing several RF transceiver chips and processors for receiving 8-channel analog RF signals, and the digital-analog integrated design is completely realized. The phase shifting function of a plurality of channels can be realized, the phase shifting precision is within 5 degrees, and the phase shifting method can be widely applied to the fields of satellites, radars, communication and the like; meanwhile, the phase of each channel can be calibrated to the initial phase, in actual work, the phase adjustment is only needed on the basis of the initial phase, and the phase accuracy of each channel can be effectively ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system principle of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present application is not limited to the following description.
As shown in fig. 1, a 64-channel phased array system includes a radio frequency antenna module and a wave control module;
the radio frequency antenna module comprises a first combiner, a first attenuator, a first filter, a temperature compensation attenuator and eight groups of radio frequency receiving chips;
each group of radio frequency receiving chips comprises a second combiner, a first DA conversion module, a second DA conversion module and eight paths of radio frequency receiving channels, each path of radio frequency receiving channel is connected with a receiving antenna, each radio frequency receiving channel comprises a low-noise amplifier, a second attenuator and a phase shifter, the input end of each low-noise amplifier is connected with the receiving antenna, the output end of each low-noise amplifier is connected with the phase shifter through the second attenuator, and the output end of each phase shifter is used as the output end of each path of radio frequency receiving channel; the output ends of the first four paths of radio frequency receiving channels are connected with a first DA conversion module, the output ends of the second four paths of radio frequency receiving channels are connected with a second DA conversion module, the output ends of the first DA conversion module and the second DA conversion module are connected with a second combiner, and the output of the second combiner is used as the output of the whole radio frequency receiving chip;
the output end of each group of the receiving chips is connected with a first combiner, the output end of the first combiner is connected with a temperature compensation attenuator through a first attenuator and a first filter in sequence, and the temperature compensation attenuators output signals outwards;
the wave control module is used for analyzing the phase requirement of each radio frequency receiving channel in each group of radio frequency receiving chips from the wave control instruction after receiving the wave control instruction issued by the upper computer, and adjusting the phase shifter in each radio frequency receiving channel according to the phase requirement.
In the embodiment of the present application, the beam control instruction may further include attenuation parameters of each channel in addition to the phase requirement of each channel, and the wave control module may further adjust the second attenuator of each channel according to the attenuation parameters.
In an embodiment of the application, the phased array system further comprises a power supply module for powering the radio frequency antenna module and the wave control module. The radio frequency antenna module is integrated on the radio frequency antenna board; the power module and the wave control module are integrated on the wave control power panel.
In the embodiment of the application, in the eight paths of radio frequency receiving channels, a four-in-one first micro-strip combiner is further arranged between the front four paths of radio frequency receiving channels and the first DA conversion module, and the input ends of the first micro-strip combiner are respectively connected with the output ends of the front four paths of radio frequency receiving channels; the output end of the first microstrip combiner is connected with a first DA conversion module;
a four-in-one second micro-strip combiner is further arranged between the rear four-path radio frequency receiving channel and the second DA conversion module, and the input end of the second micro-strip combiner is respectively connected with the output end of the rear four-path radio frequency receiving channel; and the output end of the second microstrip combiner is connected with a second DA conversion module.
In an embodiment of the present application, the second combiner is a two-in-one combiner. The first combiner is an eight-in-one combiner.
A method of phase calibration of a 64 channel phased array system, comprising the steps of:
s1, respectively carrying out phase test on each radio frequency receiving channel of each group of radio frequency receiving chips by using a vector network analyzer to obtain a phase test result of 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels, and inputting the phase test result into a wave control module;
s2, the wave control module calculates the average value of the phase test results of the 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels, then takes the calculated average value as a reference value, calculates the difference between the phase test results of the 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels and the average value, and adjusts the phase shifter in each path of radio frequency receiving channels according to the difference result so that the initial phase of each path of radio frequency receiving channel is equal to the reference value, and stores the reference value;
s3, before the phased array system starts to work, the wave control module receives a wave beam control instruction of the upper computer, analyzes a phase requirement value of each radio frequency receiving channel in each group of radio frequency receiving chips, and adjusts a phase shifter in each radio frequency receiving channel on the basis of a reference value so that the phase of each radio frequency receiving channel is equal to the phase requirement value.
The phase calibration method further comprises:
after the phase of each radio frequency receiving channel is equal to the phase requirement value, testing the phased array waveform in the microwave darkroom, namely, transmitting signals in the microwave darkroom by using a transmitter, receiving signals by using a phased array system, sending the transmitting signals of the transmitter and the signals received by the phased array system into an oscilloscope, if the phase difference between the transmitting signal waveform and the receiving signal waveform is smaller than a set threshold value, considering that the phased array system is successfully calibrated, and if the phase difference between the transmitting signal waveform and the receiving signal waveform is not smaller than the set threshold value, re-executing the steps S1-S3.
The radio frequency receiving chip comprises eight radio frequency signal receiving channels, each radio frequency signal receiving channel comprises a low-noise amplifier, a 5.625-degree stepping 354.375-degree phase-shifting range phase shifter and a 0.5-dB stepping 23.5-dB attenuation range attenuator, the attenuators and the phase shifters are controlled by a wave control module, signals are received by a front antenna of a printed board and then transmitted to a microstrip line end on the back side of the printed board through a coaxial-like structure, and the microstrip line end transmits the signals to the input end of the chip through a specific microstrip line matching structure. The signal can be output after the operations of attenuation, phase shift, amplification and the like are realized in the chip, and the output end of the chip transmits the signal to the inner layer strip line combiner through the drop-shaped matching structure and the similar coaxial structure to realize 8-path signal combination 1. The combined signal is transmitted to the reverse side of the printed board through the coaxial-like structure, amplified, filtered and attenuated and then output.
The radio frequency antenna moduleThe printed board is 16 layers of printed boards, and the 5-number hole is a coaxial-like structure and transmits signals received by the antenna to the L1 layer of the microstrip circuit. From the calculation formula of the coaxial cable, the impedance Z0 is determined by the dielectric constant epsilon of the substrate r The coaxial inner conductor diameter D1 and the coaxial outer conductor diameter D2. The following is shown:
through calculation, when D2 is 1.2mm and D1 is 0.3mm, the impedance value is 48 omega, and the transmission requirement of a 50 omega strip line is met. Further, the simulation result of the VSWR of the coaxial structure is lower than 1.2, and the design requirement is met. A microstrip line matching structure is designed at the chip input port, and signals transmitted by the coaxial-like structure are matched and transmitted to the chip input end through the microstrip line matching structure. In the design of the microstrip line structure and the drop-shaped structure, a mode of sixteenth impedance matching is adopted, the chip is equivalent to a terminal load, and the sixteenth matching structure is equivalent to a parallel inductance and capacitance. Through simulation, the final VSWR was below 1.22. The chip output end transmits signals to the inner layer strip line synthesizer through the drop-shaped structure and the coaxial-like structure. The synthesizer adopts a Wilkinson eight-in-one combiner, and the final VSWR simulation result is smaller than 1.2 through a Wilkinson structure calculation formula and simulation verification. And finally, the combiner transmits the signals to the microstrip line end through a coaxial-like structure, and outputs the signals to the rear end through a low-noise amplifier, a filter, a temperature compensation attenuator and the like.
While the foregoing description illustrates and describes a preferred embodiment of the present application, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the form disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as limited to other embodiments, but is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the spirit of the application described herein, either as a result of the foregoing teachings or as a result of the knowledge or skill of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the application are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A 64-channel phased array system, characterized by: the device comprises a radio frequency antenna module and a wave control module;
the radio frequency antenna module comprises a first combiner, a first attenuator, a first filter, a temperature compensation attenuator and eight groups of radio frequency receiving chips;
each group of radio frequency receiving chips comprises a second combiner, a first DA conversion module, a second DA conversion module and eight paths of radio frequency receiving channels, each path of radio frequency receiving channel is connected with a receiving antenna, each radio frequency receiving channel comprises a low-noise amplifier, a second attenuator and a phase shifter, the input end of each low-noise amplifier is connected with the receiving antenna, the output end of each low-noise amplifier is connected with the phase shifter through the second attenuator, and the output end of each phase shifter is used as the output end of each path of radio frequency receiving channel; the output ends of the first four paths of radio frequency receiving channels are connected with a first DA conversion module, the output ends of the second four paths of radio frequency receiving channels are connected with a second DA conversion module, the output ends of the first DA conversion module and the second DA conversion module are connected with a second combiner, and the output of the second combiner is used as the output of the whole radio frequency receiving chip;
the output end of each group of the receiving chips is connected with a first combiner, the output end of the first combiner is connected with a temperature compensation attenuator through a first attenuator and a first filter in sequence, and the temperature compensation attenuator outputs signals outwards;
the wave control module is used for analyzing the phase requirement of each radio frequency receiving channel in each group of radio frequency receiving chips from the wave control instruction after receiving the wave control instruction issued by the upper computer, and adjusting the phase shifter in each radio frequency receiving channel according to the phase requirement;
when the phase calibration is executed, each radio frequency receiving channel of each group of radio frequency receiving chips is subjected to phase test by using a vector network analyzer, so that a phase test result of 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels is obtained and is input into a wave control module; the wave control module calculates the average value of the phase test results of the 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels as a reference value, calculates the difference between the phase test results of the 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels and the average value, and then adjusts the phase shifter in each path of radio frequency receiving channels according to the difference result so that the initial phase of each path of radio frequency receiving channels is equal to the reference value, and stores the reference value; the phase shifter in each of the radio frequency reception channels is adjusted on the basis of the reference value so that the phase of each of the radio frequency reception channels is equal to the phase requirement value.
2. A 64-channel phased array system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the phased array system further comprises a power supply module, wherein the power supply module is used for supplying power to the radio frequency antenna module and the wave control module.
3. A 64-channel phased array system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the radio frequency antenna module is integrated on the radio frequency antenna board; the power module and the wave control module are integrated on the wave control power panel.
4. A 64-channel phased array system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a four-in-one first micro-strip combiner is further arranged between the front four radio frequency receiving channels and the first DA conversion module in the eight radio frequency receiving channels, and the input end of the first micro-strip combiner is respectively connected with the output ends of the front four radio frequency receiving channels; the output end of the first microstrip combiner is connected with a first DA conversion module;
a four-in-one second micro-strip combiner is further arranged between the rear four-path radio frequency receiving channel and the second DA conversion module, and the input end of the second micro-strip combiner is respectively connected with the output end of the rear four-path radio frequency receiving channel; and the output end of the second microstrip combiner is connected with a second DA conversion module.
5. A 64-channel phased array system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second combiner is a two-in-one combiner.
6. A 64-channel phased array system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first combiner is an eight-in-one combiner.
7. A phase calibration method for a 64-channel phased array system, based on the system of any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively carrying out phase test on each radio frequency receiving channel of each group of radio frequency receiving chips by using a vector network analyzer to obtain a phase test result of 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels, and inputting the phase test result into a wave control module;
s2, the wave control module calculates the average value of the phase test results of the 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels, then takes the calculated average value as a reference value, calculates the difference between the phase test results of the 64 paths of radio frequency receiving channels and the average value, and adjusts the phase shifter in each path of radio frequency receiving channels according to the difference result so that the initial phase of each path of radio frequency receiving channel is equal to the reference value, and stores the reference value;
s3, before the phased array system starts to work, the wave control module receives a wave beam control instruction of the upper computer, analyzes a phase requirement value of each radio frequency receiving channel in each group of radio frequency receiving chips, and adjusts a phase shifter in each radio frequency receiving channel on the basis of a reference value so that the phase of each radio frequency receiving channel is equal to the phase requirement value.
8. A method of phase calibration of a 64-channel phased array system as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the phase calibration method further comprises:
after the phase of each radio frequency receiving channel is equal to the phase requirement value, testing the phased array waveform in the microwave darkroom, namely, transmitting signals in the microwave darkroom by using a transmitter, receiving signals by using a phased array system, sending the transmitting signals of the transmitter and the signals received by the phased array system into an oscilloscope, if the phase difference between the transmitting signal waveform and the receiving signal waveform is smaller than a set threshold value, considering that the phased array system is successfully calibrated, and if the phase difference between the transmitting signal waveform and the receiving signal waveform is not smaller than the set threshold value, re-executing the steps S1-S3.
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