CN116906844A - 一种交通通用大灯 - Google Patents

一种交通通用大灯 Download PDF

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CN116906844A
CN116906844A CN202310093865.6A CN202310093865A CN116906844A CN 116906844 A CN116906844 A CN 116906844A CN 202310093865 A CN202310093865 A CN 202310093865A CN 116906844 A CN116906844 A CN 116906844A
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free
form surface
light
led
collimator
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郑荣修
黄大泽
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Shanghai Jiuke General Accessories Co ltd
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Shanghai Jiuke General Accessories Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310093865.6A priority Critical patent/CN116906844A/zh
Priority to EP23166252.9A priority patent/EP4414764A1/en
Priority to JP2023076418A priority patent/JP7492693B1/ja
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    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G02B19/0061—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种交通通用大灯，包括LED、位于LED前方的自由曲面汇聚***、位于自由曲面汇聚***前方的挡板，以及位于挡板前方的自由曲面外透镜，自由曲面汇聚***包括准直器和自由曲面，准直器将光线全部沿着光学轴线平行射向远方，利用出光口的自由曲面设计符合法规要求的光形。本设计的前照灯结构主要由准直器+自由曲面+自由曲面外透镜构成。准直器将光线全部沿着光学轴线平行射向远方，利用出光口的自由曲面设计符合法规要求的光形。采用的是光源为LED。LED发出的光经准直器形成平行光，再经过自由曲面外透镜的散射、偏转作用，以满足相应法规的要求，达到既照亮路面，又可防止眩目的作用。

Description

一种交通通用大灯
技术领域
本发明涉及照明技术，具体涉及交通工具用的前照灯。
背景技术
交通前照灯的发展经历了白炽灯、卤素灯、氙气大灯、LED、激光的发展历程，其中，LED是目前最常用的交通车灯的光源，LED是近些年出现的新型车灯光源，与白炽灯、卤素灯、车灯相比，LED车灯具照射距离远、功率要求低、亮度大的优势。为了使LED适用于汽车车灯、摩托车灯、电动车灯照明的需要，以及，使汽车车灯、摩托车灯、电动车灯符合相应的法规要求，需要对不同车轮的LED车灯进行适应性设计。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题：如何简化LED车灯的适应性设计，使其能够满足多种交通照明的需要，并且，使车灯符合相应的法规要求。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种交通通用大灯，包括LED、位于LED前方的自由曲面汇聚***、位于自由曲面汇聚***前方的挡板，以及位于挡板前方的自由曲面外透镜，自由曲面汇聚***包括准直器和自由曲面，准直器将光线全部沿着光学轴线平行射向远方，利用出光口的自由曲面设计符合法规要求的光形。
本设计的前照灯结构主要由准直器+自由曲面+自由曲面外透镜构成。准直器将光线全部沿着光学轴线平行射向远方，利用出光口的自由曲面设计符合法规要求的光形。采用的是光源为LED。LED发出的光经准直器形成平行光，再经过自由曲面外透镜的散射、偏转作用，以满足相应法规的要求，达到既照亮路面，又可防止眩目的作用。
本设计的自由曲面聚光***，全部是采用自由曲面进行设计与优化，该***分为两个部分，一个是全反射部分，一个是折射部分。该***可以对光进行分布调控。通过分析不同车辆的法规需求，对光进行光调控，可以将整体的体积做的更小，采用自由曲面进行设计，它的聚光***整个聚光效率会更高，体积会更小，比常规的聚光***来说可以做到更好。在进行自由曲面聚光***设计时，自由曲面聚光***的设计采用直接计算与优化算法相结合的方式，首先，将光源近似为点光源，将聚光***的表面近似为平面，利用网格映射法以及迭代算法求解折射以及全反射表面，由此来得到聚光***的初始面型。然后，根据车灯的结构建立光学模型，将光源设置为面光源，同时优化聚光***的折射以及全反射表面，得到最后的聚光***面型。
本发明采用自由曲面设计对光线进行整形，与普通透镜相比，在保持相同整形效果的前提下，减小了透镜的使用数量和透镜的厚度。通过采用多个LED二极管作为光源，大幅增加了车灯的亮度，通过更换不同的颗粒和调整其功率，从而满足不同的车辆照明需求。
按本发明的技术方案，能够使车灯具有通用性强，体积更小，实现了不同的车辆照明的通用性问题，具有照明距离远、照明强度高以及能耗低等特点。
自由曲面外透镜为多项式非球面，面型方程为：
其中c为曲率，k为圆锥系数，C1、C2、C3…C20是非球面系数，x为非球面的旋转对称轴，z表示入射光线在非球面上的入射高度。
本设计的挡板并不是单一的挡板，它包括多种交通车辆的挡板组合，比如，汽车为45度角或者15角的挡板；用于摩托车时会换为平面挡板不带角度；进行电动车照明时也会使用平面挡板；自行车照明时也可以使用平面挡板。在更换挡板时，芯片的功率以及对应的颗粒数会随之调整，但是不需要对于内透镜进行再次设计。通过更换挡板以及颗粒，便可以满足不同的车辆照明需求，比如说电动车，摩托车以及汽车的照明需求。在设计自由曲面汇聚***时，已经考虑到了不同的颗粒数目以及功率会带来的照明变化，利用这种变化可以满足不同的车辆照明需求。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明：
图1为一种全新配光的LED汽车和摩托车等交通通用大灯的示意图；
图2为图1的***图；
图3为图2的***图；
图4为一种全新配光的LED汽车和摩托车等交通通用大灯的二维结构图；
图5为图4中自由曲面汇聚***的示意图；
图6为自由曲面汇聚***计算过程示意图。
图中符号说明：
10、自由曲面外透镜；
20、装饰框；
30、挡板；31、挡板承载架；
40、自由曲面汇聚***；
50、LED颗粒板；
60、散热器。
具体实施方式
结合图1至图4，一种全新配光的LED汽车和摩托车等交通通用大灯设计，包括LED、自由曲面汇聚***40、不同类型的挡板30，以及自由曲面外透镜10。LED安装在LED颗粒板50上，LED颗粒板安装在散热器60上，散热器上安装有装饰框20，自由曲面外透镜10、挡板30、自由曲面汇聚***40位于装饰框20内。其中，挡板30安装在挡板承载架31上，挡板承载架安装在散热器60上。
自由曲面汇聚***40核心是将聚光器的入光端在周向上划分不同区域，进行分区域单独设计，以同时满足不同交通车辆照明需求，或者也可以满足特种车辆对于聚光器周向不同位置的特殊点灯效果的需要。
如图5，自由曲面汇聚***40将小角度入射光线接收面划分成多个折射面，使这些折射面至少有两种焦距规格，这些折射面沿设计光轴方向的正投影为一个个同圆心的扇形，且所有扇形的圆心角之和为360度，相邻两个所述折射面在交界处形成台阶结构，用经过所述设计光轴的平面作为交界面。该方法相当于对入光端的小角度入射光线接收面以设计光轴为中心进行周向的扇形分区，可以使聚光器周向上不同区域具有不同的光线收集效率、光线利用率以及点灯效果，同时结构上又相对简单，可以快速进行光分布的调控，从而满足不同车辆的照明需求。
之后，进一步将入光端的全反射面划分成多个全反射区块，这些全反射区块均为旋转轴线与设计光轴重合的旋转曲面片段，但形成这些全反射区块的平面曲线至少有不同的两条，所有全反射区块沿设计光轴方向的正投影为一个个同圆心的扇环形，且所有扇环形所对应的圆心角之和为360度，相邻两个所述全反射区块在交界处形成台阶结构，交界面是经过所述设计光轴的平面。
优选使所述全反射区块与折射面在径向上一一对应，相对应的所述全反射区块和折射面它们各自所对应的圆心角重合。
通过对于自由曲面汇聚***40的设计进行光分布的调控之后，经过自由曲面外透镜10进行光分布的投影。经过对应的计算，可以满足不同的法规需求以及照度需求。
不同的交通工具，其车灯的交通照明需求及法规是不一样的。要实现一个通用型的车灯设计主要采用的是控制自由曲面汇聚***40以及控制挡板30的变化和LED的颗粒数目去实现。
在结构设计上，自由曲面汇聚***40包括准直器和自由曲面。
为了克服传统车灯LED准直器在难以实现高效的缺陷，首先设计了准直优化透镜方法。基于扩展LED光源的车灯LED准直器的光学设计。基于LED点光源设计一个用于车灯LED准直器作为初始结构。将面光源离散成几个点光源，每个点光源设计一个用于车灯LED准直器轮廓，分别对准直器轮廓乘以权重系数，将这些加权之后的轮廓进行叠加，然后对这个叠加轮廓进行优化，优化的变量为这些权重系数，使用粒子群优化算法寻找到最佳权重比，实现将***的效率提高，仿真验证显示，效率可提高20％到30％。优化的准直器的工作原理就是全反射。在透射光的过程中，部分光是利用全反射原理由光传输的。由于准直器是旋转轴对称，所以只我们分析准直器上半部分，如图5所示，分割线MN将点O发出的光分为两部分。当光通过内孔内壁的ac部分折射到内部时，到达准直器的外轮廓曲线ab的光会被其内部结构全反射并平行出射；从内孔中心cd到内部的折射主要是利用非球面透镜的基于双自由曲面透镜的汽车前照灯光学***设计成像原理使光线平行出射。最后，这两部分的光线在准直器的光出射面平行发射，并且都是准直的光线。
利用上一步所优化的准直器进行设计。准直器出光口是自由曲面。准直器外的自由曲面可用于进行光形的分配。根据大巴所需求的一个路面照度以及25m的测试点强度值进行自由曲面的数据设计，准直器出光口所设计的自由曲面是根据测试点所需求的一个强度，然后去设计自由曲面的面形，去控制面形的一个变化，从而达到满足不同的需求点的强度值。可以根据自由曲面的任意变化，从而满足不同的强度需求，可以实现强度值上升，下降以及宽度需求设计，从而满足在实际照明过程中做到小型化，高效化，同时满足法规的验证。
在设计时，需要考虑到不同法规之间的共同点以及相似点，然后通过对于光分布调控去满足不同的需求，比如说要满足汽车道路照明需求时，要考虑到各个法规点的强度值。比如说75R，50R，等法规点，如果要使用该模组去满足摩托车照明需求时，需要更换对应的挡板30和颗粒的数目，便可以满足摩托车的照明需求。在设计自由曲面汇聚***40时，已经考虑到了不同的颗粒数目以及功率会带来的照明变化，利用这种变化可以满足不同的照明需求。
以上内容仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，对于本领域的普通技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (7)

1.一种交通通用大灯，包括LED、位于LED前方的自由曲面汇聚***(40)、位于自由曲面汇聚***前方的挡板(30)，以及位于挡板前方的自由曲面外透镜(10)，其特征在于：自由曲面汇聚***包括准直器和自由曲面，准直器将光线全部沿着光学轴线平行射向远方，利用出光口的自由曲面设计符合法规要求的光形。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种交通通用大灯，其特征在于：LED安装在LED颗粒板(50)上，LED颗粒板安装在散热器(60)上，散热器上安装有装饰框(20)，自由曲面外透镜(10)、挡板(30)、自由曲面汇聚***(40)位于装饰框内。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种交通通用大灯，其特征在于：挡板(30)安装在挡板承载架(31)上，挡板承载架安装在散热器(60)上。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种交通通用大灯，其特征在于：自由曲面外透镜(10)的材料为硅胶。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种交通通用大灯，其特征在于：自由曲面外透镜(10)为非球面结构，面型方程为：
其中c为曲率，k为圆锥系数，C1、C2、C3…C20是非球面系数，x为非球面的旋转对称轴，z表示入射光线在非球面上的入射高度。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种交通通用大灯，其特征在于：基于LED点光源设计一个用于车灯LED准直器作为初始结构，将面光源离散成几个点光源，每个点光源设计一个用于车灯LED准直器轮廓，分别对准直器轮廓乘以权重系数，将这些加权之后的轮廓进行叠加，然后对这个叠加轮廓进行优化，优化的变量为这些权重系数，使用粒子群优化算法寻找到最佳权重比。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种交通通用大灯，其特征在于：准直器出光口设计的自由曲面根据测试点所需求的强度去设计自由曲面的面形，以满足不同测试点所需求的强度值。
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