CN116887789A - 高度可调的植入物 - Google Patents

高度可调的植入物 Download PDF

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CN116887789A
CN116887789A CN202180094083.3A CN202180094083A CN116887789A CN 116887789 A CN116887789 A CN 116887789A CN 202180094083 A CN202180094083 A CN 202180094083A CN 116887789 A CN116887789 A CN 116887789A
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implant
teeth
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弗兰克·布莱斯汀
安妮特·詹奎兹
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Taurus Ltd Liability And Joint Venture
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种植入物,特别是用于支撑脊柱的植入物,所述植入物可以通过围绕驱动部件的轴向轴旋转来调节高度,驱动部件相对于第一支撑部件轴向抵靠并且设置有与第二支撑部件的内螺纹配合的外螺纹,第二支撑部件相对于第一支撑部件轴向移动但旋转不动;在其朝向第一支撑部件的轴向侧上,可通过引导径向穿过第一支撑部件的通道进入的齿;所述植入物的特征在于驱动部件抵靠的抵靠区域,所述抵靠区域方位地位于通道的区域中,优选地,比齿径向地更向内。

Description

高度可调的植入物
技术领域
本发明涉及植入物,特别是脊柱植入物,其高度可调,也就是说,它们与下椎骨区域接合的部件可以适应于相对于其与上椎骨区域接合的部件的不同轴向相对设置。特别地,本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的植入物。
背景技术
在这些情况下,高度可调节性可以通过驱动部件的旋转来实现,该旋转围绕轴向轴进行。驱动部件相对于第一支撑部件轴向抵靠(braced),并设置有外螺纹和齿。外螺纹与第二支撑部件的内螺纹配合,第二支撑部件相对于第一支撑部件轴向移动但不能旋转移动。所述齿设置在面向第一支撑部件的驱动部件的轴向侧,并通过径向引导穿过所述第一支撑部件的通道而可进入。
这种植入物的高度可调节性几乎是连续的,从本领域中已知,例如从EP1694257B1中已知。
然而,已经发现,如在介绍中提到的这种类型的高度可调节性不具有可靠的可再现的抗负载能力。即使通过EP2055269B1的教导对EP1694257B1进行改进,在这方面仍然不能提供令人满意的改进。不仅因为这个原因,市场上还存在其他高度可调节的植入物,其中驱动部件配备有内螺纹,并且,尤其是以允许更简单进入的方式,包围设置有匹配外齿的第一支撑部件和第二支撑部件,如在垂直于轴向轴的平面上的投影中所见,同样地在其接合在相应凸缘之间的空间的区域中。例如,在EP 1501453B1中描述了这种植入物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是开发上述类型的高度可调节的植入物,其中高度可调节性是通过与配合螺纹啮合的螺纹驱动部件赋予的,以达得令人满意的紧凑性和负载能力的良好结合。
就装置而言,这一目的是通过介绍中提到的类型的植入物来实现的,所述植入物的主要特征在于通道的方位角区域,特别是驱动部件抵靠的抵靠区域,其比齿更向内地径向放置。
因此,在本发明的范围内,已经发现,尽管介绍中提到的类型的传统脊柱植入物足够可靠地通过静态加载测试,但在动态旋转加载测试中却周期性地产生倾斜力矩,从而导致植入物上的损伤达到材料断裂的程度。
在根据本发明的解决方案中,相反地,这种倾斜力矩被驱动部件抵靠的抵靠区域抵消,所述抵靠区域以方位角(如在垂直于轴向轴的平面上的投影中所见)放置在通道的区域中且径向地比齿更向内,并且因此提供了一种不仅能够抵抗静态负载而且能够抵抗动态负载的植入物。
在一个优选配置中,抵靠是通过跨越设置在通道的方位角边界的两侧之间的空间区域的桥接件来实现的。应该理解的是,所述桥接件不会径向地突出到齿与径向驱动轴联锁的区域中。承重力至少可以在表面上接收,然后至少部分地通过两个方位角边界消散。如下面参照附图所解释的,驱动部件的齿的锯齿远离第二支撑部件的外螺纹。相应地,当所述齿相对于配合齿的旋转轴旋转设置时,所述齿和旋转配合齿之间的联锁被放置在外齿的侧面,也就是说,在朝向第二支撑部件的通道的轴向侧上。
在一个优选配置中,通道的开口区域延伸至穿过第一支撑部件的轴向区域的轴向通道,旋转固定地联接到所述驱动部件的轴向轴穿过该轴向通道。这允许协同使用通道,一方面以通过驱动的触发实现高度可调节性,另一方面允许获得用于位移固定装置的通道。因此,在这种情况下,提供了一种固定装置,其穿过开口区域并将处于自适应高度状态的植入物固定在防止驱动部件相对于第一支撑部件扭转的固定位置。
在一个优选配置中,桥接件由与第一植入物组件分离的抵靠部件形成。尽管增加了额外的部件,但这有利于生产。驱动部件抵靠在桥接件/分离组件上的轴向侧,其齿的锯齿尖端朝向该轴向侧。正如下面参照附图所解释的,齿的锯齿可以径向向内地支承在分离的抵靠部件上,而不是支承在与其锯齿尖端的互锁上。
在一个优选配置中,抵靠部件在方位角上延伸60°以上,优选90°以上,更优选地120°以上,特别地180°以上,并特别地形成为环形。通过这种方式,实现了更加均匀的负载分布。
根据另一个优选实施例,抵靠部件支承在第一支撑部件的支承面上,其径向设置在齿和轴向通道之间,并且在垂直于轴向方向的平面中形成,特别是连续地、优选地以平面方式形成。所述支承面可以是面向驱动部件的加强体的轴向面,其在彼此连接的同时支撑第一支撑部件的轴向突起或轴向壁,其与第二支撑部件的轴突起/轴向壁接合。所述加强体可以特别地与第一支撑部件一体形成,并且在优选的变型中可以在远离驱动部件的轴向侧上限定通道。
在另一个优选实施例中,在齿和支承面之间提供环形间隙。也就是说,与径向驱动轴的齿接合的驱动部件的齿,即位于互锁区域中的齿的锯齿尖端不涉及抵靠。这降低了植入物生产过程中所需的轴向精度。
此外,在一个优选配置中,提供了轴向固定装置,其将第二支撑部件的内螺纹锁定在朝向第一支撑部件的内螺纹的轴向端部区域。例如,它可以实施为销的形式,销径向穿过第二支撑部件的互锁突起/轴向壁的其中之一,其突出到内螺纹的径向延伸区域中。在***之后,例如,所述销可以通过点焊牢固地连接到第二支撑部件。
在另一个优选的配置中,第一支撑部件和/或第二支撑部件可以具有自由轴向端部区域,特别是板的形状,其表面范围从横截面上看超过每个内螺纹的10%以上,优选地超过20%,更优选地超过40%,特别是超过60%。这些轴向端区域优选地,例如,通过螺丝在端部拧上的独立部件。这使得针对不同的应用采用具有高度可调节机制的相同基本结构成为可能,因为这些端部区域可以提供多种配置并选择性地联接。
在另一个优选配置中,第一支撑部件包括在径向通道的区域中的突出突起,特别是包围后者,同时通过其外轮廓形成成形座,特别是形成为旋转锁,用于操作器械的互补形状。这便于操作,因为操作器械和第一支撑部件之间的初始联接不需要通过例如拧入来实现。
在这种情况下,还提供了一种用于致动植入物的器械,其具有手动驱动第一轴,其近端具有用于驱动部件的齿的配合齿。
所述器械优选地配备有套筒装置,第一径向轴可被引导通过套筒装置,以及第二径向轴,第二径向轴具有与轴向固定装置的轴向可释放旋转固定的联接,轴向固定装置特别地也穿过套筒装置的内部。例如,轴向固定装置可配置为螺钉形式,并与第二径向轴通过套筒装置被引导,并在通道中拧入内螺纹,如此使其近端被拧入,至到轴向通道可以阻塞轴向轴。
在另一优选配置中,套筒装置包括具有在其近端与突起的成形座互补的形状的外部套筒,和具有用于与通道开口的内螺纹拧在一起的螺纹的内部套筒。
本发明还提供了包括上述方面之一的一个或多个植入物和上述方面之一的器械的组合。
优选地,所述组合包括在适于其最小可调节高度时具有至少两个或多个植入物的不同轴向尺寸的多个植入物。此外,所述组合包括至少两对具有不同表面范围的轴向和区域部件。
在一个优选配置中,一个或多个轴向端部区域,用于其应用的螺钉,驱动部件,驱动部件的轴向延伸部,包括相对于径向方向的中心轴向通道。这用于植入物的重量位移。
所述材料由原则上适合并被批准用作植入物的材料形成,优选由金属材料形成,更优选为钛或钛合金。
附图说明
本发明的进一步特征、细节和优点可以参考附图从以下描述中找到,其中:
图1显示了脊柱植入物的透视图;
图2是脊柱植入物的示意图,局部地轴向截面;
图3显示了脊柱植入物的基座单元的简化视图,局部以轴向截面表示;
图4从两个不同的视角显示了脊柱植入物的基座单元的下部的轴向侧的区域的示意性透视图;
图5显示了具有用于互锁的外螺纹和齿的驱动器的部件,其启动高度调节,a)从上方倾斜,b)从下方倾斜,不带抵靠力吸收器(bracing force absorber),c)带支撑力吸收器;
图6显示了用于固定调整后的植入物高度的锁紧螺钉;
图7显示了用于植入物的组合器械的组成部件;
图8显示了它们在两种不同操作状态下的耦合端;
图9显示了植入物和组合器械在两种不同操作状态下的耦合;
图10显示了具有不同轴向最小高度的脊柱植入物的组合。
具体实施方式
图1表示脊柱植入物200的示意图,其可以以本领域技术人员熟悉的方式***两个椎骨之间,并用于支撑脊柱。
在所述示例性实施例中,植入物200通过板形端板(下端板19和上端板29)抵靠在椎骨上,所述板形端板与基座单元100拧紧在一起。然而,端板的精确形状和配置以及结构不限于图中所示的矩形形状,所述板也可以具有不同的形状和/或结构,例如椭圆形或圆形。例如,端板可以具有烧结钛合金的结构化网格。
植入物200是高度可调的,只要基座单元100的下部10能够相对于基座单元100的上部20轴向移位即可。可移位性包括轴向引导件,在本示例性实施例中,所述轴向引导件由上凸缘区域21构成,上凸缘区域以形状配合彼此接合,接合在下部10的下凸缘区域11之间的互补空间中,反之亦然,如图1清楚地所示。
在一个优选配置中,如在所示的示例性实施例中,提供三个凸缘区域11和三个凸缘区域21,它们彼此共用2π的方位角总部分,即360°。根据本发明优选的但非强制性的配置,如图1的示例性实施例所示,形成具有径向通道开口14(图3,图1的螺钉60堵塞开口14)的凸缘,其方位角范围在60°以上,另外两个下凸缘11和三个上凸缘21占据方位角总圆周的剩余方位角部分。
植入物200或具有下部10和上部的基座单元100的高度可调节性的机制是根据本领域技术人员基本上已经熟悉的调节机制来实现的,其中,具体地说,上部20具有内螺纹22,驱动轮30的外螺纹32接合在所述内螺纹22中。如果驱动轮30旋转而下部10不旋转,上部21,其相对于下部10轴向移位但不旋转,根据旋转感向上(膨胀)或向下(收缩)移位。
为了扭转驱动轮30,其包括一个齿圈36(图3和图5a,c),特别是在其径向外缘的向下轴向侧。以这种方式,驱动轮30可以通过用于齿36的配合齿设置成旋转,其可以围绕触发器械的轴的轴线旋转。为此,所需的通道由开口14提供(图3),所述通道由图1所示的锁紧螺钉60堵塞。锁紧螺钉60(图6)在调节植入物200或基座单元100的所需高度后***,并保持驱动轮30的轴向延伸(部)38,其可旋转地联接固定到驱动轮30,通过螺钉夹紧相对于下部10进行旋转地固定。
下部10包括加强区域18,如在所述示例性实施例中,优选地,与凸缘区域11一体地形成,其如所示地径向向内邻接凸缘区域11,并因此允许第二部分的凸缘21能够不受阻碍地轴向移位通过它。此外,加强区域18如所示地径向延伸到驱动轮30的齿36也位于其中的区域中。
为了还提供用于建立与驱动轮30的旋转驱动器的互锁的轴向进入可能性,除了用于引导配合齿通过的径向可进入性之外,加强区域18还包括在所述示例性实施例中基本上是U形的凹部,特别是从方位上看在通道开口14的区域中。因此,在齿36的径向区域中,与第一部分一体形成的加强区域18包括呈轴向侧15l和15r形式的大致U形切口的边界和底部13。
径向靠近其但在齿36的所述径向区域内,侧15l和15r之间的中间空间由环形体50的环形段54桥接。在这种情况下,环形体50支承在加强区域18的轴向侧16的环形段形状的支承区域上,其在面向远离通道开口14的一侧的侧15l和15r之间以方位角延伸。
在图4a和4b中,可以更清楚地看到,在放置环50的情况下,环50的圆弧段形状区域54(图5b倾斜180°(从顶部到底部)“放置”在图4b的位置中的轴承16上)将以桥接件的方式跨越开口,同时连接开口14的方位角边界15l和15r。从下方看,图5在多个视图中再次表示了齿36。与图5b的表示相比,在图5c还表示了环50。可以看出,径向向外放置的用于互锁的齿在生产过程中也产生较大的径向范围,然后锯齿高度径向向内减小,同时为环50形成不连续的支承面39。
从图3中可以看出,驱动轮30通过包括桥接件54的环50轴向抵靠在下部10的加强区域18上。
此外,环50的轴向高度的尺寸使得齿36本身的锯齿尖端37(图5a),至少在优选配置中并且也如示例性实施例中所示,不再支承在面16上。这意味着在齿36的锯齿尖端37和轴承16之间存在间隙。因此,驱动轮30抵靠的抵靠力间接地通过环50耗散到下部10中且在开口14的区域中也是在方位角方向上(发生的)。
在一个优选配置中,至少桥接件区域54以与加强区域18分离的组件的形式提供,并且更优选地,例如,如图4最佳地所示,以闭合环体的形式,其总体上作为独立组件提供。
从图2和图3中特别地可以另外看出,销40,在本示例性实施例中设置在内齿22的下端区域中与通道开口14完全相反的位置,并穿过所述内螺纹22,确保轴向止动器或基台(abutment),其防止螺纹的进一步扭曲从而确定了基座单元100的最大拔出(extraction)。因此,销40同时提供了防止丢失的安全性。
从图1中可以看出,下凸缘11和上凸缘21之间的界面不是平坦的,而是在横截面上具有台阶,因此上凸缘21以燕尾的方式保持在下凸缘11之间的中间空间中。
如前所述,加强区域18基本上配置成环形并具有轴向通道19,承载外螺纹32的驱动轮30的轴向延续(部)38,其形成为套筒螺钉,穿过所述轴向通道19。在其面向远离驱动轮30的自由端,所述延续部38包括凸缘区域39,使得在高度调节期间与驱动轮30一起旋转的单元如图所示在轴向上包围增强区域38,并且总体上在其长度的至少主要部分上具有径向中心空腔,甚至如优选地示例性实施例中所示,在其整个轴向长度上具有径向中心空腔。用于端板19和29的紧固螺钉190、290,分别地,也优选地形成径向所见的中心空腔。为了接收紧固螺钉190、290,第一部件10和第二部件20的自由端分别具有与所述螺钉的螺纹配合的内螺纹。
如在轴向截面中所见的内螺纹22的形状具有基本上在垂直于轴向轴X的平面内朝向上部20的自由端的基本平坦的侧面,以及相对于所述平面倾斜延伸并远离所述自由端的侧面。在所述示例性实施例中,螺纹的俯仰角(螺距角)约为1.75°。
从图1中可以看出,在具有通道开口14的下凸缘11上形成了周壁结构形式的突出部35,所述突出部的外部轮廓形成了用于下面描述的组合器械的成形座。在本示例性实施例中所述成形座由具有圆角的矩形基部形状形成。突出部35的内壁区域带有内螺纹,其与组合器械的另一部分的自由端上的螺纹配合(见下文)。
此外,通道开口14还具有径向进一步向内的内螺纹,其与锁紧螺钉的外螺纹配合。在图6的透视图中,锁紧螺钉60再次以图形形式单独表示。在所述示例性实施例中,可以看到具有π/3旋转对称的类似门(gate-like)的螺钉头驱动器(应当理解,可以设想任何其他螺钉头驱动器),用于将组合器械的部分(见下文)联接到锁紧螺钉的头部,以及螺钉的远端自由端的凸形配置,如图2所示,用于在导向开口14高度处的区域内与轴向延续(部)38的凹形配置平面接触。锁紧螺钉60的外螺纹由附图标记63表示。
图7a-7f显示了与本发明的植入物协作的多部件组合器械300的部件。
图7a)显示了外套筒310的视图,在其近端操作端形成与植入物的座35形状配合的座315。外套筒310被安装到植入物上的座35上。图7b中所示的内套筒320可以被引导穿过所述外套筒310。在其可操作的近端,所述内套筒具有与突出部35的内边界中的内螺纹配合的外螺纹328。在远端,具有夹持槽的夹持环径向地突出所述外套筒,并接合在外套筒的远端上。
轴330和轴340的远端用于放置组合器械的另一部分(未图示),即具有扭矩限制器的手掌握把。
可以将不同结构的轴引导在内套筒内,一方面是图3c所示的分散轴(distractionshaft)330,在其近端操作端形成齿,即用于齿36的配合齿336,另一方面,在另一种操作状态下,锁定轴340如图7d所示,在操作近端配备有用于拧入锁紧螺钉60的合适的联轴器345。
在图8a中可以再次看到配合齿336的放大图,其中所示的组合器械表示为处于第一操作状态下,其中分散轴以其近端区域被引导进入。相反,图8b显示了与锁紧螺钉60的螺钉头的内部配置相匹配的联轴器345。这两种表示还显示了内套筒320的外螺纹,组合器械与植入物利用所述外螺纹暂时拧在一起。内套筒320与外套筒310以这样的方式配合,使得当在用于所述座35的配合座315之间建立形状配合时,外螺纹328与内螺纹自动对中。
如果在第一种操作状态下,分散轴330(图7c)被引导到内套筒320中,其其通过径向对应径向位于齿36的高度处(图9a)。具有啮合齿对36-336的互锁的分散轴330围绕相对于植入物的轴向轴线X径向延伸的轴的旋转,使得驱动轮30旋转并通过螺纹联轴器32-22相对于下部10轴向移位上部20。
一旦以这种方式调整了植入物的所需轴向高度,代替分散轴330,已经安装有锁紧螺钉60的锁紧轴340***到内套筒320中(第二操作状态),并且引导穿过内套筒320的锁紧螺钉60拧入并固定驱动环30和下部10的旋转位置(图2,9b)。
锁紧螺钉60相对于径向轴的轴向联接面可以呈凸形配置,如这里所做的那样,以便支承驱动环30的轴向延续部38的环形圆周凹部,其具有比在没有力的情况下仅点接触更大的表面接触。
图10示出了另外多个基体100a、100b、100c、100d和100e,其赋予根据本发明的脊柱植入物组更大的使用可变性。可以看出,植入物在其最小轴向范围的(中性)状态下具有不同的轴向范围。第一和第二部分的凸缘区域为此目的分别配置为增加长度,通道相对于分配给其的凸缘的自由端的位置是相同的。应当理解,所述组合不限于具有五个不同植入物高度的配置,也可以有不同的数量,并且彼此之间分别提供的高度等级也不限于所表示的高度等级。
同样,本发明在其它方面也不限于借助于优选的示例性实施例所表示的细节。相反,以上描述的各个特征随后的和权利要求对于在本发明的各个实施例中实现本发明而言可以是单独的和组合的。

Claims (17)

1.一种植入物(200),特别是用于支撑脊柱的植入物,具有通过围绕驱动部件的轴向轴(X)进行旋转来实现的高度可调节性,其相对于第一支撑部件(10)轴向抵靠并且设置有与第二支撑部件(20)的内螺纹(22)配合的外螺纹(32),第二支撑部件相对于第一支撑部件轴向移动但旋转不动,并且在其朝向第一支撑部件的轴向侧上具有可通过径向穿过第一支撑部件的通道(14)进入的齿(36),
其特征在于,所述驱动部件抵靠的抵靠区域,其方位地放置在所述通道的区域中,优选地,比所述齿径向地更向内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述抵靠是通过跨越设置在所述通道两侧之间的空间区域的桥接件(54)实现的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述通道的开口区域延伸至穿过所述第一支撑部件的轴向区域的轴向通道,旋转固定地联接至所述驱动部件的轴向位置(38)穿过所述轴向通道。
4.根据权利要求3所述的植入物,其特征在于,具有固定装置(60),其穿过所述开口区域并将处于调节高度状态下的植入物固定在固定位置,以防止所述驱动部件相对于所述第一支撑部件的扭转。
5.根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述桥接件由与所述第一植入物部件分离的抵靠部件(50)形成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述抵靠部件在方位角上延伸60°以上,优选地120°以上,更优选地为180°或更大,特别优选地是形成环形。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述抵靠部件支承在所述第一支撑部件的轴承(16)上,其径向放置在所述齿和所述轴向通道之间,并且在垂直于轴向方向的平面中形成,特别是连续地、优选地以平面方式形成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的植入物,其特征在于,在齿和轴承之间具有环形间隙。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的植入物,其特征在于,具有轴向固定装置(40),所述轴向固定装置将所述内螺纹锁定在所述第二支撑部件的内螺纹的朝向所述第一支撑部件的轴向端部区域中。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一支撑部件和/或所述第二支撑部件具有自由轴向端部区域(19,29),特别是板的形状,其表面范围从横截面上看超过所述内螺纹的表面范围的10%以上,优选20%以上,更优选40%以上,特别优选60%以上。
11.根据权利要求10所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述自由端部区域是单独制造的,优选为旋紧的组件。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述第一支撑部件包括在径向通道的区域中的突出突起,特别是包围后者,同时通过其外部轮廓形成成形座(35),特别是形成旋转锁,用于操作器械的互补形状。
13.一种根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的用于致动植入物的器械(300),其特征在于,具有手动致动的第一轴(330),所述第一轴在其近端具有用于驱动部件(30)的齿(36)的配合齿(336)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的器械,其特征在于,具有套筒装置(340,330),所述第一径向轴可被引导穿过所述套筒装置,以及第二径向轴(340),所述第二径向轴具有与所述轴向固定装置(60)的轴向可释放旋转固定的联轴器(345),所述轴向固定装置特别地也穿过所述套筒装置的内部。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的器械,其特征在于,所述套筒装置包括在其近端与突起的成形座互补的形状的外部套筒,和具有用于与所述通道开口的内螺纹拧在一起的螺纹的内部套筒。
16.一种包括根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的一个或多个植入物和根据权利要求13-15中任一项所述的器械的组合。
17.根据权利要求17所述的组合,其特征在于,当调整到所述组合的最小可调整高度时,包括具有至少两个或更多个不同的植入物的轴向尺寸的多个植入物。
CN202180094083.3A 2020-12-22 2021-12-08 高度可调的植入物 Pending CN116887789A (zh)

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CN117618163A (zh) * 2024-01-23 2024-03-01 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 一种软骨假体

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US8568482B2 (en) 2003-05-14 2013-10-29 Kilian Kraus Height-adjustable implant to be inserted between vertebral bodies and corresponding handling tool
DE20320974U1 (de) 2003-12-11 2005-08-25 Deltacor Gmbh Längenverstellbares Wirbelsäulen-Implantat
US8591587B2 (en) * 2007-10-30 2013-11-26 Aesculap Implant Systems, Llc Vertebral body replacement device and method for use to maintain a space between two vertebral bodies within a spine
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CN117618163B (zh) * 2024-01-23 2024-04-09 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 一种软骨假体

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