CN116882548A - Tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction method based on dynamic probability reasoning - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction method based on dynamic probability reasoning, and belongs to the field of tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst disaster prediction methods. In order to make risk variable reasoning more comprehensive and accurate and to construct 13 variables and introduce expansion (dynamic Bayesian network) in Bayesian network reasoning, the development of underground tunneling working faces with risk connection is provided as a time slice, a risk prediction scheme of continuous probability reasoning is realized, and two methods of parameter learning under a expectation maximization algorithm and expert reasoning decision under a fuzzy set theory are combined to determine the probability distribution of initial Bayesian network nodes without influence. The structure is compact and coherent, the prediction is flexible, and the accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction method based on dynamic probability reasoning, and belongs to the field of tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst disaster prediction methods.
Background
The existing gas outburst prediction crime is difficult to comprehensively reflect the outburst risk due to the fact that the critical value prediction of a single index, and the multi-index mathematical modeling and prediction method is widely focused. The related research is based on ideal solution similarity sorting, a development theory, a fuzzy set analysis, a D-S evidence fusion theory, a limited interval cloud model and the like. Although having certain application effects, certain limitations exist. For example: weight calculation is generally introduced, and the prediction effect is not stable enough due to the diversity of weight determination methods; the prominent risk is a complex process which continuously changes along with the mining progress, the current static working face risk prediction based on drilling and geophysical prospecting generally lacks consideration of time factors, analysis is performed only on the basis of the cycle prediction data, and the reference of the risk of the previous cycle to the current cycle risk prediction is ignored; the prediction method focuses on result prediction, i.e. unidirectional prediction. At present, aiming at different actually existing risk states, key factors and anti-outburst control decision bases are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction method based on dynamic probability reasoning is simple in steps, convenient to use, free of weight calculation, capable of avoiding the instability influence of weights on the traditional outburst prediction method, capable of rapidly identifying key variables causing risk corresponding states under any cycle by combining reverse diagnosis reasoning and sensitivity analysis.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention discloses a tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction flow based on dynamic probability reasoning, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, analyzing outstanding risk variables of a tunneling roadway based on geological conditions of a mine where a working face is located, wherein the geological conditions comprise: gas occurrence state, conventional drilling test parameters, coal seam conditions and geological structures; the gas outburst risk variables of the tunneling roadway comprise: mining depth X1, gas pressure X2, gas content X3, damage type X4, geological structure complexity degree X5, firmness coefficient X6, drilling cuttings quantity X7, drilling gas emission initial speed X8, drilling cuttings desorption index X9, soft layering thickness X10, local coal thickness change X11, fault structure X12 and fold structure X13; wherein variables relating to two procedures of region prediction and working face prediction, the region prediction procedure includes X1, X2, X3, X4, X6 and X10; the working face prediction process comprises X5, X7, X8 and X9; defining the degree of the prominent risk as a target variable Y, determining an inherent logic relationship between the prominent risk variables X1-X13 and the target variable Y, and establishing a directed acyclic graph in the Bayesian network, wherein the directed acyclic graph comprises 14 corresponding nodes;
step 2, dividing the state category of each node in the directed acyclic graph; dividing a tunneling working face circulation time slice, taking the prominent risk variables X1-X13 as root nodes and intermediate nodes, and taking the target variable Y as leaf nodes; establishing the connection of adjacent time slices, constructing time state transition probability, determining initial prior probability and conditional probability distribution parameters of each node, establishing a dynamic Bayesian network salient prediction model, and calculating by adopting a mode combining parameter learning and expert decision analysis;
step 3, based on a Bayesian network calculation principle, when the working face prediction drilling test is not started, utilizing the initial probability distribution comprehensive reasoning of each root node of the Bayesian network to obtain the probability result of the leaf node, namely the probability distribution of the prominent risk degree of the initial working face; along with the continuous test of the drilling test and the geological parameters of the continuous tunneling cycle, continuously updating the variable information of the geological structure complexity degree X5, the firmness coefficient X6, the drilling cuttings quantity X7, the drilling gas emission initial speed X8 and the drilling cuttings desorption index X9, and combining the prominent risk Y of the previous cycle t-1 Probability distribution and constructed time state transition probability of the current cycle, the prominent risk Y of the current cycle can be obtained t Probability distribution of (2); in the process of predicting any cycle, reverse diagnosis analysis and sensitivity analysis can be carried out at any time;
and 4, determining key variables influencing the current risk state in any working face cycle based on reverse diagnosis analysis, and then pertinently adopting control, judging variables with larger influence on a prediction result based on sensitivity analysis, wherein the higher the sensitivity of the variables is, the more the representative variables need to continuously pay attention to the changes, so that the testing precision is improved, and the salient risk deterioration is ensured.
Further, based on a protrusion mechanism, the determined soft layering thickness, the local coal thickness change, the fault structure and the fold structure of the mine where the working face is located directly influence the complexity of the geological structure; the mining depth is related to the quantity of drill cuttings based on stress; the gas pressure, the gas content, the damage type and the firmness coefficient are connected with the initial gas emission speed of the drilling hole, the drill cuttings desorption index and the soft layering thickness to different degrees; and constructing a directed acyclic graph by combining the logical relations of the variables, dividing root nodes, intermediate nodes and leaf nodes of the directed acyclic graph, and properly increasing or decreasing and adjusting the variables by combining the variable test conditions of actual mines.
Further, the state categories of the nodes in the directed acyclic graph respectively comprise 2-4 state classifications, and the prominent risks are divided into 3 types: safety L1, threat L2 and outburst risk L3 are used as reference bases for further pre-acquisition outburst prevention decision of each cycle;
defining the prominent risk variables X1, X2, X3, X4, X6, X10, X11, X12 and X13 as root nodes, and preferentially calculating initial prior probability according to the statistical frequency data of the corresponding variables in the historical accidents;
defining the prominent risk variables X5, X7, X8 and X9 as intermediate nodes, adopting a expectation maximization algorithm of maximum likelihood estimation, and carrying out parameter learning through the historical mining cycle sample data of the mine where the prominent risk variables X5, X7, X8 and X9 are positioned to determine the conditional probability distribution P (Y|X5, X7, X8 and X9) of the target variable Y under the action of the intermediate nodes X5, X7, X8 and X9; the rest variables use expert decision analysis method;
determining prior probability and conditional probability distribution of the remaining target nodes Xi (i=1, 2, …, 13) sequentially through probability interval division, expert survey data collection and defuzzification; the probability interval division is combined with the triangle fuzzy number construction, so that the problem of ambiguity that the prominent risk variable is difficult to correspond to a single state is solved;
leading in an expert confidence index theta to ensure that expert investigation results are more reliable, adopting an alpha weighted estimation method to deblur the expert investigation results, and maximally reserving the information integrity after deblurring;
and obtaining an initial prominent risk dynamic Bayesian network reasoning prediction model based on the established directed acyclic graph and the variable probability distribution parameters.
Further, the risk variables X1 and X6 affect the risk variable X7 together, the risk variables X2, X3 and X6 affect the risk variable X8 together, the risk variables X2, X3 and X4 affect the risk variable X9 together, the risk variables X10, X11, X12 and X13 affect the risk variable X5 together, and the risk variables X5, X7, X8 and X9 affect the target variable Y together.
Further, the specific steps of the reverse diagnostic analysis are:
setting the corresponding risk state probability of the target node Y to 1 in combination with the current actual prominent risk state, i.e., P (y=l1) =1, P (y=l2) =1 or P (y=l3) =1;
based on the Bayesian network calculation principle, the probability distribution of each node Xi (i=1, 2, …, 13) can be obtained by reverse reasoning, and compared with the probability distribution before setting, each variable is orderly sequenced according to the probability change degree, so that the key variable of the current risk state is determined.
Further, the sensitivity analysis specifically comprises the following steps: the sensitivity analysis method can identify the variables with larger variation amplitude and larger contribution to the fluctuation regulation and control of the risk results in the current tunneling cycle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the influence of the prominent risk of the previous cycle on the current cycle prominent risk cycle is not considered in the traditional working face risk static drilling prediction, and various methods are used for predicting the risk of an independent single cycle, so that the risk prediction between the cycles has great fluctuation and low accuracy. The method introduces expansion (dynamic Bayesian network) in Bayesian network inference, and proposes a risk prediction scheme of taking a tunneling working face with risk connection in the pit as a time slice and realizing continuous probabilistic reasoning. The obtained prediction result is more compact and coherent and has higher accuracy compared with the static Bayesian network reasoning result;
in combination with a plurality of factors for influencing the outburst risk of the underground tunneling working face, 13 variables are constructed for enabling the risk variable reasoning to be more comprehensive and accurate, but the actual testing of the outburst risk variable is asynchronous due to the fact that the specificity of two working procedures is predicted based on the fact that the coal mine is divided into a region and the working face, and therefore the data set collection is incomplete. Therefore, the two methods of parameter learning under the expectation maximization algorithm and expert reasoning decision under the fuzzy set theory are combined, and the probability distribution of the initial Bayesian network nodes is determined, so that the probability distribution has no influence on each other, and the probability distribution is more flexible in on-site forward probability reasoning risk prediction. Current bayesian reasoning generally employs one of two approaches, but is difficult to implement in the salient risk inference.
The advantages are that: according to the invention, through clearing the logic relation among 13 variables directly related to the salient risk, each cycle of the tunneling roadway is divided into independent time slices, and a salient risk prediction method based on dynamic Bayesian continuous probability reasoning is established. (1) The method completely carries out probabilistic reasoning according to the logical relation of the variables, is simple and convenient to operate, does not need weight calculation, and avoids the instability influence caused by the traditional outstanding prediction effect.
(2) Based on the probability connection of each node of the network, the connection between each variable and the risk in the same tunneling cycle is established, and the influence of the prediction result of the previous cycle on the prediction result of the current cycle is mainly considered, so that the prediction result of the outstanding risk is more continuous, stable and high in accuracy.
(3) Based on the unique advantages of probabilistic reasoning, the key variables causing the corresponding states of risks can be rapidly identified under any cycle by combining reverse diagnosis reasoning with sensitivity analysis. As the basis of the anti-outburst decision, and further as a targeted control measure, the limitation caused by uncertainty generated by subjective decision making of field experts is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst risk prediction flow based on dynamic probabilistic reasoning in an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 illustrates a directed acyclic graph constructed based on risk variables in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows statistical analysis of historical salient accident causes of mines with test working surfaces in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for performing a deblurring calculation using an alpha weighted estimation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows an initial probability distribution diagram before test face tunneling in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a dynamic Bayesian probability distribution based on continuous update of evidence information for work surface loop correspondence in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows a comparison of the static Bayes and the dynamic Bayes of the salient risk prediction results under different tunneling cycles of the test working face in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 shows the result of the test face reverse reasoning analysis calculation in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows the results of the test face sensitivity analysis calculation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
aiming at a tunneling roadway of a certain outburst mine, a tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction flow based on dynamic probabilistic reasoning is developed, and the specific steps are as follows, as shown in fig. 1:
and (3) highlighting risk variable analysis.
Step 1.1, determining a risk variable set from the aspects of gas occurrence state, conventional drilling test parameters, coal bed conditions, geological structures and the like based on geological conditions of a mine where an actual predicted working face is combined with 'prevention and control coal and gas outburst rules', determining an internal logic relationship, and establishing a directed acyclic graph in a Bayesian network. Wherein the mining depth (X1) refers to the depth of the coal seam area where the working surface is located from the earth surface; the gas pressure (X2) and the gas content (X3) refer to the gas pressure and the gas content in the coal seam area where the working face is located; the destruction type (X4) is classified according to the degree of coal body fragmentation, and is explicitly described in the rules for preventing and treating coal and gas outburst; the geological structure complexity (X5) refers to the comprehensive geological structure condition in the range of the tunneling working face; the firmness coefficient (X6) refers to the mechanical strength of the coal body, the larger the firmness coefficient is,representing the harder the coal body. The cuttings quantity (X7) refers to the mass or volume of cuttings per meter during drilling a 42mm diameter borehole in the coal body; the initial drilling gas emission speed (X8) refers to the gas flow of drilling in 2min after drilling is finished by constructing a drilling hole with a designated depth in a coal seam; the cuttings desorption index (X9), in particular the K1 value or Δh 2 One of the values. K1 value represents the slope of Shi Wasi desorption curve of the drilling cuttings sample during a period of time (5 min) at the initial stage of pressure relief; Δh 2 The value refers to the pressure difference generated by gas desorption of the drilling cuttings sample in the initial period of pressure relief (2 min), and the mine adopts delta h 2 Testing; the soft delamination thickness (X10) refers to the thickness of a less hard structural coal body in a coal seam in a tunneling cycle; the local coal thickness change (X11) refers to the condition that whether the coal layer has larger thickness change or not; the fault structure (X12) refers to whether the fault structure exists in front of the working face tunneling cycle; the flexure configuration (X13) refers to whether a flexure configuration exists in front of the face heading cycle.
Step 1.2, determining the thickness of soft layering, local coal thickness change, fault structure and buckling structure based on a salient mechanism, wherein the complexity of the geological structure is directly influenced. The mining depth is related to the quantity of drill cuttings based on stress; the gas pressure, gas content, type of failure and solidity coefficients are related to the initial rate of gas influx from the borehole, the cuttings desorption index and the soft stratification thickness to different extents. And constructing a directed acyclic graph by combining the logical relations of the variables, and dividing root nodes, intermediate nodes and leaf nodes. The variable can be properly increased or decreased and adjusted by combining the variable test condition of the actual mine. The directed acyclic graph constructed in this example is shown in FIG. 2.
And 2, dynamic Bayesian network modeling of the working face.
Step 2.1, dividing the state category of each node in the directed acyclic graph; the prominent risk nodes are difficult to divide by 2 types, meanwhile, the excessive division of the node types can cause the condition probability distribution dimension of the child nodes under the action of a plurality of nodes to be exponentially increased, and the calculation difficulty is increased, so that 2-4 optimal language terms are selected as an approximate form for measuring the variable properties, and different states of the nodes can be described according to the realization. The detailed division criteria are shown in table 1. The salient risks are divided into 3 categories, namely safety (L1), threat (L2) and salient risk (L3), and are used as reference bases for further pre-acquisition salient prevention decisions of each cycle.
Table 1 State classification of nodes
Step 2.2, continuously following 189.7m on the basis of the tunneling working face, dividing the distance of each mining cycle into 51 continuous time slices with the outstanding risk as a target node Y, and constructing time state transition probabilities. Since the present prominent risk evolution mechanism is not clear, expert analysis determines the time transition probability, see Table 2, for representing Y in the last time slice t-1 Target node Y for the current time slice t Is a function of (a) and (b).
Table 2 highlights risk state transition probability partitioning
Step 2.3 for probability distribution parameter determination, the 14 nodes in the established directed acyclic graph are calculated based on a combination of parameter learning and expert decision analysis. And determining initial prior probability of the root node, conditional probability distribution parameters of the intermediate node and the target node, and establishing a dynamic Bayesian network salient prediction model.
Further, step 2.2 specifically includes:
step 2.3.1, adopting a expectation maximization algorithm of maximum likelihood estimation, based on 475 groups of mining cycle test data sets (comprising X5, X7, X8 and X9) in the mine history samples, adopting an EM algorithm to ensure that the log likelihood of a new network is always greater than or equal to that of a previous network, obtaining CPT of a leaf node Y, and determining conditional probability distribution P (Y|X5, X7, X8 and X9) of a target node Y under the action of X5, X7, X8 and X9 nodes. Even if a small amount of partial data is missing, the result can be objectively calculated. The calculations are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 conditional probability distribution results for leaf node Y in directed acyclic graphs based on parameter learning
Step 2.3.2 for root nodes (including X1, X2, X3, X4, X6, X10, X11, X12, X13), an initial prior probability is calculated with priority over historical incident statistics. The mine with the predicted working surface in this example has 64 outstanding accidents in total according to the statistics records of the outstanding accident cases, and then the mining depth (X1) and the prior probability results of the geological structure (X11, X12X 13) can be determined by combining the analysis of the statistical rule of the accident cause shown in fig. 3 and the accident occurrence frequency, wherein the results are respectively as follows: p (x1=1) = 0.3594; p (x1=2) =0.25; p (x1=3) =0.3125; p (x1=4) =0.0781; p (x11=1) = 0.4844; p (x11=2) = 0.5156; p (x12=1) =0.172; p (x12=2) =0.828; p (x13=1) =0.125; p (x13=2) =0.875; step 2.2.3 an expert decision analysis procedure is performed to determine the prior probability and conditional probability distribution of the remaining nodes Xi (i=1, 2, …, 13). Firstly, dividing probability intervals to provide basis for expert decision analysis of variable occurrence probability. Combining with the triangle fuzzy number dividing criterion, the method has the advantage of solving the problem of ambiguity that each variable is difficult to be accurately divided into single categories; the difficulty of estimating the probability and the influence of decision uncertainty can be reduced. The probability interval division mode is shown in table 4. Wherein the i-th interval is defined as ai= (a) i ,m i ,u i+1 ) Ai is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 7 and m i Representing the mean.
TABLE 4 probability interval partitioning
Then, in order to avoid abnormal values or invalid data, 5 specialists with working experience for more than 10 years are selected to conduct questionnaire investigation. The expert confidence index theta is constructed, meanwhile, the influence of the expert self judging capability eta and the expert subjective confidence delta is considered, and the larger the eta is, the more believes the expert to be self judging capability. The larger δ represents the greater the reliability of the expert's judgment ability. The confidence level of each expert is calculated in such a way that θ=δ×η. As shown in table 5, δ takes the average of α and β.
TABLE 5 expert determination capability level
Each expert analyzes the possibility of the state division of each node based on the table to obtain a fuzzy possibility interval. For example, suppose P (y= 1|x 1 =1,x 2 =2), can be abbreviated asIs analyzed by the jth expert (j=1, …, 5) to fall within the ith interval (i=1, …, 5), i.e. a ij . Then the final ambiguity possibility interval +_is calculated by equation (1)>θ j Confidence index for the jth expert, for example>Representing the data reliability of the jth expert.
In order to obtain accurate probability values, an alpha weighted estimation method (see formula (2)) is adopted to carry out fuzzy probability interval obtained from expert investigation resultsDefuzzification is performed. The method has the advantage that the information integrity after deblurring can be reserved to the maximum.To the precise value after defuzzification, F α = { x|f (x) > α } represents α level set, and F (α) represents α weighting function; average (F) α ) Is the average value of the α level set, calculated by equation (3).
l α And u α Representing the lower and upper boundaries of the alpha-level set, respectively. As shown in fig. 4, the calculation can be performed by equation (4).
Typically, f (α) =1, α=0.5 is calculated from formula (5), respectively. Thus, the first and second substrates are bonded together,calculated from (6)
To meet the normalization conditions, the method is further carried out by the formula (7)And (5) standardization. The operation is repeated, and the accurate probability distribution of the nodes can be obtained. t is the corresponding state of the node, if there are 3 states.
Taking P (x5=x|x10=3, x11=2, x12=2, x13=1) as an example, table 6 shows the final results obtained by detailed investigation analysis of each expert. The conditional probability distribution for each state combination is calculated in turn, taking X5 as an example, resulting in an overall conditional probability distribution, as shown in table 7.
Table 6 expert investigation results on P (x5=x|x10=3, x11=2, x12=2, x13=1)
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TABLE 7 conditional probability distribution of node X5 in directed acyclic graphs based on expert decision analysis
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And 2.3, constructing an initial polymorphic dynamic Bayesian network salient risk reasoning prediction model in a GeNIe Bayesian solver based on the established directed acyclic graph and the probability distribution parameters of each variable.
And 3, highlighting continuous dynamic probability reasoning analysis of risks in the tunneling process.
Further, the step 3 specifically includes:
and 3.1, when the working face prediction drilling test is not started, calculating an initial static probability result of the Y node by using the initial probability distribution of each node and adopting a Bayesian network calculation principle in combination with the (8), wherein the initial static probability result represents the initial salient risk of the working face before mining, and the nodes Xi (i=1, 2, …, n).
The result is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen that the initial hidden danger of the node is large, the probability of L2 of the Y node is 0.43 at the maximum, and the potential outburst risk exists, so that the follow-up continuous tracking prediction is required due to the fact that the original gas of the tunneling surface is large, the coal quality is soft and the breakage is serious.
Along with the continuous test of the continuous tunneling cycle, the drilling test and the geological parameters, the variable parameter information of X5, X7, X8 and X9 are continuously updated, and the salient risk Y based on the previous cycle t-1 The probability distribution and the constructed time state transition probability of the current cycle are combined with the dynamic Bayesian network reasoning principle of the current cycle, and the prominent risk Y of the current cycle can be obtained by adopting (9) to (10) t Is a probability distribution of (c). Wherein for two adjacent time slices (loops) t-1 and t, the arbitrary node x of the t-th time slice (loop) is calculated by using formula (9) t Is a conditional probability distribution P (x) t |x t-1 ),An i-th node representing an i-th time slice,>representing the parent node of the ith node. Equation (10) may further calculate a joint probability distribution for any node in a dynamic bayesian network of time slices. B (B) 0 Bayesian network representing time t-1, B → A bayesian network at time t is shown. Probability of transition through state at B → And B 0 And establishing a connection between the two. Fig. 6 shows the result of the dynamic bayesian inference probability distribution under 51 tunneling cycle information update, which shows that the probability of the salient risks of the Y node continuously fluctuates in the entire tunneling process of the working face.
To further verify the advantages of the dynamic bayesian network over the static bayesian network without considering the cycle-to-cycle correlation, the prediction results of the two methods are compared, see fig. 7. Fig. 7 (a) shows the result of the static bayesian calculation, and fig. 7 (b) shows the result of the calculation of the dynamic bayesian network. In general, in the initial tunneling stage of the working face, the state of the prominent risk is stable, the probability of L3 is close to 0, although the probability of the states of L1 and L2 shows fluctuation change, in the step (b), the high probability value of L1 is unchanged all the time, the effectiveness of gas extraction measures in the area before mining is indirectly reflected, the outburst prevention force of the working face for initial mining is on site, and mining lasting for the first 28 cycles is smooth. Compared with the method, the method has the advantages that the result of (a) is in 2,5-11 and 14-28 cycles, multiple potential risk misjudgments exist, the probability values of L1 and L2 are close, the uncertainty of risk judgments is increased, and the decision difficulty is increased for outburst prevention. As the development of the tunnel continues to progress late, the risk potential for protrusion increases, for example, during the 28-41 th cycle, in conjunction with site surveys, multiple coal seam thickening occurs in front of the face. During the tunneling to cycle 31, the drill hole is predicted to have a stuck event, and by further detecting the front coal body, the soft layer thickness is reduced but the coal thickness is not reduced, so that the partial gas accumulation can be caused. In the corresponding (a), from the 28 th cycle, the L2 gradually rises, the result is clear, and the effect of inter-cycle risk connection is reflected. However, in the (b), the problem that the probability values of the L1 and the L2 are close again occurs in the 28 th and 29 th loops, so that the prediction difficulty is increased. During the mining to cycle 40, a 1-trip drilling jet power development event was recorded. The L3 probability increases in the corresponding results of the two methods during the whole 39 th-41 th cycle, the L2 probability subsequently increases, and the alternate occurrence of the two states shows that the outstanding risk of the tunneling cycle stage needs to be considered, and the abnormal geological structure is not found in the actual field, so that the situation is presumed to be related to the fact that the local gas emission outburst prevention measures are not in place in the period. In conclusion, the two methods start from multivariate polymorphic comprehensive reasoning, so that the whole process result has reference value, and the feasibility of actual risk prediction is realized. Meanwhile, the outstanding prediction is carried out based on dynamic Bayesian reasoning, and because the relation between the front loop and the back loop is considered, the risk result is more stable and coherent, the accuracy is higher, the fluctuation of the static Bayesian reasoning among all risk states is larger, and the uncertainty of part of risk judgment still exists.
Step 3.2 reverse diagnostic analysis. The corresponding risk state probability of the target node is set to 1 in conjunction with the current actual prominent risk state, i.e., P (y=l1) =1, P (y=l2) =1, or P (y=l3) =1. Based on the calculation of the formula (11), the probability distribution of the other nodes Xi (i=1, 2, …, 13) can be obtained by reverse reasoning, and compared with the probability distribution before setting, the variables are sequentially ordered according to the probability change degree, so that the meaning of the key variable Y=L3 of the current risk state is determined:
where P (xi=s|y=l3) (i= 5,7,8,9,10) represents the posterior probability of the state S (e.g. sj= { S1, S2, S3} = {1,2,3 }) corresponding to each node Xi in the presence of a risk of protrusion. The probability differences P (xi=s1|y) -P (xi=sj|y) between the class of each node and the lowest class in the working face prediction process are counted, see fig. 8. For example, X5 (middle) represents P (x5=s1|y) -P (x5=s2|y), and X5 (high) represents P (x5=s1|y) -P (x5=s3|y). When the difference is smaller than 0, there is deterioration in the state of the representative variable Xi itself, so that it is likely to become a key variable, and the larger the difference, the larger the representative influence.
Step 3.3 sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis method can identify the variables with larger variation amplitude and larger contribution to the fluctuation regulation and control of the risk results in the current tunneling cycle. In combination with the sensitivity analysis method, under the initial probability, the SPM (X) of the father node is calculated by adopting the formula (12) i ) The larger the impact on node Y is. And when the observed state of the actual node isX i SPM (X) i ) Can be calculated by equation (13). L represents the state corresponding to leaf node Y, x i Representing the state corresponding to the risk variable Xi.
The results of the sensitivity analysis were obtained before exploitation and at the cycle of maximum degree of risk prominence (t=39), as shown in fig. 9. The SPM (Xi) (i=5, 6, …, 10) values at the initial prior probability are small due to the initial lack of actual subsequent information importation, and the result is relatively balanced as shown in (a). Whereas at time t=39, in the known risk of protrusion (y=l3) state, the calculated SPM ordering is X9> X7> X8> X5> X10> X6, as shown in (b). It can be seen that the drill cuttings desorption index (X9), the drill cuttings amount (X7), the drill cuttings gas emission initial speed (X8) are three factors which are most sensitive to the circulation, and in actual operation, in order to verify the risk prediction result at the moment, the test range and the accuracy of the parameters can be sequentially re-optimized. The present risk can be completely excluded only when the predicted outcome generated by the above factors does not constitute a threat.
And 4, making a basis for anti-outburst decision-making in the tunneling cycle.
Based on the reverse diagnostic analysis in step 3.1, it is possible to determine the key variables in any working surface cycle that affect the current risk status and then take control in a targeted manner. As can be seen from fig. 7, when there is a significant threat (y=l2), the variables to be focused on are the soft delamination thickness (X10), the initial drilling gas flush rate q (X8), and the drill cuttings desorption index Δh in order 2 (X9). When there is actually a significant risk (y=l3), the variable sequence of great concern is the cuttings desorption index Δh 2 (X9), drilling gas emission initial velocity q (X8), soft delamination thickness (X10) and groundTexture complexity (X5). The difference in the results diagnosed for the two risk states is caused by the difference in the actual degree of prominent risk. When drilling test indexes q and delta h 2 When the network information needs to be paid attention, the drilling is encrypted on site, the testing steps are repeated, the network information is reintroduced, and the result is updated. If the risk still exists, local gas drainage measures are needed to be taken, so that the risk is reduced. Aiming at the influence of soft layering and geological structures, on one hand, the abnormal geological detection result in front of the working face is further focused, and on the other hand, necessary measures for coal seam permeability improvement and stress release are needed to be adopted, so that a favorable geological environment inducing protrusion is avoided. The diagnosis analysis can get rid of excessive dependence on the outburst prevention decision of field operators, and provides decision basis for controlling the outburst risk. The network structure and parameters constructed by the mines with different geological conditions are different, so that the diagnosis and analysis results are changed.
Based on the sensitivity analysis in the step 3.2, the variable with larger influence on the prediction result can be judged, and the higher the variable sensitivity is, the change of the representative variable needs to be continuously focused, so that the test precision is improved, and the salient risk deterioration is ensured. Fig. 9 shows that SPM (Xi) (i=5, 6, …, 10) values at the initial prior probability are small due to initial lack of actual subsequent information import, and the result is relatively balanced, see (a). Whereas at time t=39, in the known risk of protrusion (y=l3) state, the calculated SPM ordering is X9> X7> X8> X5> X10> X6, see (b). It can be seen that the drill cuttings desorption index (X9), the drill cuttings amount (X7), the drill cuttings gas emission initial speed (X8) are three factors which are most sensitive in the circulating DBN, and in actual operation, in order to verify the risk prediction result at the moment, the test range and the accuracy of the parameters can be sequentially re-optimized. The present risk can be completely excluded only when the result predicted by the above-mentioned factors does not constitute a threat.
Claims (6)
1. A tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction process based on dynamic probability reasoning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, analyzing outstanding risk variables of a tunneling roadway based on geological conditions of a mine where a working face is located, wherein the geological conditions comprise: gas occurrence state, conventional drilling test parameters, coal seam conditions and geological structures; the gas outburst risk variables of the tunneling roadway comprise: mining depth X1, gas pressure X2, gas content X3, damage type X4, geological structure complexity degree X5, firmness coefficient X6, drilling cuttings quantity X7, drilling gas emission initial speed X8, drilling cuttings desorption index X9, soft layering thickness X10, local coal thickness change X11, fault structure X12 and fold structure X13; wherein variables relating to two procedures of region prediction and working face prediction, the region prediction procedure includes X1, X2, X3, X4, X6 and X10; the working face prediction process comprises X5, X7, X8 and X9; defining the degree of the prominent risk as a target variable Y, determining an inherent logic relationship between the prominent risk variables X1-X13 and the target variable Y, and establishing a directed acyclic graph in the Bayesian network, wherein the directed acyclic graph comprises 14 corresponding nodes;
step 2, dividing the state category of each node in the directed acyclic graph; dividing a tunneling working face circulation time slice, taking the prominent risk variables X1-X13 as root nodes and intermediate nodes, and taking the target variable Y as leaf nodes; establishing the connection of adjacent time slices, constructing time state transition probability, determining initial prior probability and conditional probability distribution parameters of each node, establishing a dynamic Bayesian network salient prediction model, and calculating by adopting a mode combining parameter learning and expert decision analysis;
step 3, based on a Bayesian network calculation principle, when the working face prediction drilling test is not started, utilizing the initial probability distribution comprehensive reasoning of each root node of the Bayesian network to obtain the probability result of the leaf node, namely the probability distribution of the prominent risk degree of the initial working face; along with the continuous test of the drilling test and the geological parameters of the continuous tunneling cycle, continuously updating the variable information of the geological structure complexity degree X5, the firmness coefficient X6, the drilling cuttings quantity X7, the drilling gas emission initial speed X8 and the drilling cuttings desorption index X9, and combining the prominent risk Y of the previous cycle t-1 Probability distribution and constructed time state transition probability of the current cycle, the prominent risk Y of the current cycle can be obtained t Probability distribution of (2); in the process of predicting any cycle, reverse diagnosis analysis and sensitivity analysis can be carried out at any time;
and 4, determining key variables influencing the current risk state in any working face cycle based on reverse diagnosis analysis, and then pertinently adopting control, judging variables with larger influence on a prediction result based on sensitivity analysis, wherein the higher the sensitivity of the variables is, the more the representative variables need to continuously pay attention to the changes, so that the testing precision is improved, and the salient risk deterioration is ensured.
2. The tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction process based on dynamic probabilistic reasoning according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the soft layering thickness, the local coal thickness change, the fault structure and the fold structure of a mine where a working face is located directly influences the complexity degree of a geological structure based on an outburst mechanism; the mining depth is related to the quantity of drill cuttings based on stress; the gas pressure, the gas content, the damage type and the firmness coefficient are connected with the initial gas emission speed of the drilling hole, the drill cuttings desorption index and the soft layering thickness to different degrees; and constructing a directed acyclic graph by combining the logical relations of the variables, dividing root nodes, intermediate nodes and leaf nodes of the directed acyclic graph, and properly increasing or decreasing and adjusting the variables by combining the variable test conditions of actual mines.
3. The tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction process based on dynamic probabilistic reasoning according to claim 1, wherein the state categories of the nodes in the directed acyclic graph respectively comprise 2-4 state classifications, and the outburst risk is divided into 3 types: safety L1, threat L2 and outburst risk L3 are used as reference bases for further pre-acquisition outburst prevention decision of each cycle;
defining the prominent risk variables X1, X2, X3, X4, X6, X10, X11, X12 and X13 as root nodes, and preferentially calculating initial prior probability according to the statistical frequency data of the corresponding variables in the historical accidents;
defining the prominent risk variables X5, X7, X8 and X9 as intermediate nodes, adopting a expectation maximization algorithm of maximum likelihood estimation, and carrying out parameter learning through the historical mining cycle sample data of the mine where the prominent risk variables X5, X7, X8 and X9 are positioned to determine the conditional probability distribution P (Y|X5, X7, X8 and X9) of the target variable Y under the action of the intermediate nodes X5, X7, X8 and X9; the rest variables use expert decision analysis method;
determining prior probability and conditional probability distribution of the remaining target nodes Xi (i=1, 2, …, 13) sequentially through probability interval division, expert survey data collection and defuzzification; the probability interval division is combined with the triangle fuzzy number construction, so that the problem of ambiguity that the prominent risk variable is difficult to correspond to a single state is solved;
leading in an expert confidence index theta to ensure that expert investigation results are more reliable, adopting an alpha weighted estimation method to deblur the expert investigation results, and maximally reserving the information integrity after deblurring;
and obtaining an initial prominent risk dynamic Bayesian network reasoning prediction model based on the established directed acyclic graph and the variable probability distribution parameters.
4. The tunneling coal and gas outburst prediction process based on dynamic probabilistic reasoning according to claim 3, wherein risk variables X1 and X6 jointly influence risk variable X7, risk variables X2, X3 and X6 jointly influence risk variable X8, risk variables X2, X3 and X4 jointly influence risk variable X9, risk variables X10, X11, X12 and X13 jointly influence risk variable X5, and risk variables X5, X7, X8 and X9 jointly influence target variable Y.
5. The tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction process based on dynamic probabilistic reasoning according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the reverse diagnosis and analysis are as follows:
setting the corresponding risk state probability of the target node Y to 1 in combination with the current actual prominent risk state, i.e., P (y=l1) =1, P (y=l2) =1 or P (y=l3) =1;
based on the Bayesian network calculation principle, the probability distribution of each node Xi (i=1, 2, …, 13) can be obtained by reverse reasoning, and compared with the probability distribution before setting, each variable is orderly sequenced according to the probability change degree, so that the key variable of the current risk state is determined.
6. The tunneling roadway coal and gas outburst prediction process based on dynamic probabilistic reasoning according to claim 1, wherein the sensitivity analysis specifically comprises the following steps: the sensitivity analysis method can identify the variables with larger variation amplitude and larger contribution to the fluctuation regulation and control of the risk results in the current tunneling cycle.
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