CN116875974B - Laser cladding method and laser cladding system - Google Patents
Laser cladding method and laser cladding system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116875974B CN116875974B CN202310833999.7A CN202310833999A CN116875974B CN 116875974 B CN116875974 B CN 116875974B CN 202310833999 A CN202310833999 A CN 202310833999A CN 116875974 B CN116875974 B CN 116875974B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
- B08B15/04—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area from a small area, e.g. a tool
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
- G06T2207/30164—Workpiece; Machine component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to a laser cladding method and a laser cladding system, which comprise the following steps: s1: loading hardware equipment, and starting a workpiece scanning subsystem and a cladding operation subsystem; the hardware equipment comprises an outer frame, a workpiece driving part and a cladding driving part; the workpiece driving part comprises a steering motor, a tray and an electric driving sliding rail, the invention can realize multi-angle adjustment of the position of the workpiece, can realize multi-angle adjustment of the laser generator and the spray gun main body, is applicable to cladding work of workpieces with various structures, effectively prevents sparks from splashing, avoids damage to parts caused by high sparks, is convenient for cleaning sparks, can prevent smoke from drifting everywhere to influence air quality and health of workers, can quickly clear and block when smoke exhaust parts are blocked, and can quickly dissipate heat of the workpieces after cladding is finished.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to a laser cladding method and a laser cladding system.
Background
The laser cladding is a surface modification technology, and can improve the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and heat resistance of the material and repair, repair or repair the surface defects of the parts.
The invention patent with application number 2017108495538 discloses a laser cladding device, which comprises: the wire feeder comprises a wire feeder, a spray head and a wire guide pipe, wherein the wire guide pipe is connected with the wire feeder and the spray head, and the wire guide pipe penetrates through one side of the spray head along the direction of the wire feeder and is connected with the spray head; an upper sealing gasket and a lower sealing gasket are respectively arranged at the position, penetrating through the spray head, of the wire guide tube along the wire feeder direction, the lower sealing gasket is arranged on the supporting seat, and the upper sealing gasket is arranged on the supporting cover; the lower sealing gasket comprises a fixing part and a wire guide tube through hole, and the fixing part is a columnar through hole; in the existing laser cladding method, due to the constraint of the laser cladding equipment, the existing laser cladding equipment is often limited to the processing operation of smaller equipment, and when different workpieces are subjected to surface modification processing, because the structures of the workpieces are provided with diversified characteristics, the existing laser cladding equipment is often required to perform relatively complex control operation on the workpieces based on actual conditions so as to achieve a relatively perfect surface modification effect, the whole operation process is relatively complex, the implementation of the surface modification operation on complex workpieces is influenced, and improvement is required.
In addition, can splash out more sparks in cladding working process, lead to the sparks to splash, and the sparks temperature is higher, can cause the damage of spare part, can produce more piece after the sparks cooling, influence operational environment's clean and tidy, inconvenient clearance, can produce more smog moreover, seriously influence air quality, harm staff's health, current partial technique is although can collect the discharge to smog, but the spare part that discharges fume is easy to take place to block up, influence normal use, in addition, the cladding finishes the back, and work piece temperature is higher, and radiating efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a laser cladding method and a laser cladding system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a laser cladding method comprising the steps of:
s1: loading hardware equipment, and starting a workpiece scanning subsystem and a cladding operation subsystem;
s2: placing a workpiece on the surface of a tray;
s3: acquiring a workpiece image through an industrial camera and delivering the workpiece image to a workpiece scanning subsystem, wherein the workpiece scanning subsystem sequentially performs image acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and analysis, morphological feature parameter calculation, data processing and transmission based on a visual detection module;
S4: the cladding operation subsystem calculates and controls the power of the laser beam according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, ensures proper energy supply, and sequentially executes driving operations of scanning speed control, powder spraying amount control, atomization proportion control and driving angle coordinate control;
s5: the cladding driving part is used for executing the driving operation of the cladding operation subsystem, and the workpiece placing direction is rotationally adjusted through the operation of the steering motor, so that the comprehensive cladding treatment effect on the side part of the workpiece is achieved;
s6: the workpiece is clamped and turned over by the operation of the workpiece driving component, the workpiece is placed on the surface of the tray again, and the steps S3-S5 are circulated by the operation of the steering motor, so that the overall processing effect on the workpiece is achieved.
The laser cladding system comprises hardware equipment, a workpiece scanning subsystem and a cladding operation subsystem;
the hardware equipment comprises an outer frame, a workpiece driving part and a cladding driving part;
the workpiece scanning subsystem comprises a visual detection module, wherein the visual detection module acquires a workpiece image based on hardware equipment, analyzes and identifies the workpiece image through an image processing algorithm, extracts morphological characteristics of the workpiece, and further acquires contour, geometric dimension and surface texture information of the workpiece;
The cladding operation subsystem performs operation work such as power, scanning speed, powder spraying amount, atomization proportion, driving angle coordinate and the like of a laser beam based on the workpiece contour, geometric dimension and surface texture information acquired by the workpiece scanning subsystem, and controls hardware equipment.
As a further scheme of the invention, the workpiece driving component comprises a steering motor, a tray and an electric driving sliding rail, wherein the steering motor is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the outer frame, the electric driving sliding rail is fixedly arranged at the top of the inner side of the outer frame, the output end of the steering motor is fixedly connected with the tray, the inner side of the electric driving sliding rail is in transmission connection with a travel frame, mounting frames are arranged on two sides of the lower surface of the travel frame, a first-stage hydraulic rod is arranged at the bottom end of the mounting frames, a lower supporting frame is arranged at the output end of the first-stage hydraulic rod, the steering motor is used for driving the tray to rotate, the electric driving sliding rail can drive the travel frame to linearly slide, and the first-stage hydraulic rod can realize the up-down movement of the lower supporting frame and parts at the bottom of the lower supporting frame.
As a further scheme of the invention, the front part of the bottom end of the lower support frame is rotationally connected with the roll-over stand, the rear part of the top end of the lower support frame is rotationally connected with the secondary hydraulic rod, the rear end of the roll-over stand is provided with the linkage frame, the output end of the secondary hydraulic rod is provided with the linkage shaft, the linkage shaft is rotationally connected with the linkage frame, and the secondary hydraulic rod is used for driving the linkage frame to move so as to adjust the angle of the roll-over stand.
As a further scheme of the invention, a supporting rail is arranged on the surface of the roll-over stand, a driving motor is arranged on the side surface of the supporting rail, the output end of the driving motor penetrates through the inner side of the supporting rail, a bidirectional screw rod is arranged at the output end of the driving motor, regulating blocks are connected to the two ends of the outer surface of the bidirectional screw rod in a threaded manner, the regulating blocks are connected to the outer surface of the supporting rail in a sliding manner, clamping arms are arranged on the surface of the regulating blocks, the driving motor drives the bidirectional screw rod to rotate, the opposite movement of the regulating blocks at the two sides is realized, and the clamping of a workpiece is realized through the clamping arms;
the clamp arm comprises a groove seat, a movable plate is slidably matched in the groove seat, a first electric push rod is arranged at the end part of the groove seat, the telescopic end of the first electric push rod is fixedly connected with the end part of the movable plate, an air inlet electromagnetic valve is uniformly arranged at the inner side of the groove seat, a suction nozzle is arranged at the end part of the air inlet electromagnetic valve, an air exhaust electromagnetic valve is arranged at one side, close to the regulating block, of the outer side surface of the groove seat, a guide pipe is arranged at the end part of the air exhaust electromagnetic valve, the guide pipe is connected with an external collecting system, a rotating motor is embedded in the end surface of the regulating block, an output shaft of the rotating motor is fixedly connected with the end part of the groove seat, a gas flow rate sensor is arranged at one side, close to the air inlet electromagnetic valve, of the groove seat drives the movable plate to slide back and forth, when the first electric push rod stretches, the air inlet electromagnetic valve is opened, the air exhaust electromagnetic valve is closed, negative pressure in the groove seat is utilized, and smoke can be sucked into the groove seat from the suction nozzle at the end part of the air inlet electromagnetic valve, when the first electric push rod contracts, the air inlet electromagnetic valve is closed, and smoke is discharged from the air exhaust electromagnetic valve.
As a further scheme of the invention, the number of the cladding driving parts is two, the two cladding driving parts are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the workpiece driving part, the cladding driving part comprises an electric rotating table, the electric rotating table is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the inner side of the outer frame, a first driving arm is arranged on the upper surface of the electric rotating table, a first adjusting motor is arranged on one side of the top end of the first driving arm, the output end of the first adjusting motor penetrates through the other side of the first driving arm and is provided with a second driving arm, the top end of the second driving arm is provided with a second adjusting motor, the output end of the second adjusting motor is provided with a second electric push rod, and the positions of the laser generator and the spray gun main body can be adjusted by the electric rotating table, the first driving arm and the second driving arm, and the second electric push rod can drive the laser generator and the spray gun main body to stretch out and draw back.
As a further scheme of the invention, an electric drive adjusting table is arranged on the outer surface of the bottom end of the second electric push rod, an industrial camera is connected with the bottom end of the electric drive adjusting table in a transmission way, and the industrial camera is responsible for acquiring workpiece images and is communicated with a workpiece scanning subsystem.
As a further scheme of the invention, the output end of the second electric push rod is provided with a coupler, the outer surface of the coupler is provided with a switching motor and a spray gun main body, laser generators with different powers are circumferentially and equidistantly arranged on the outer surface of the output end of the switching motor, the laser generators are responsible for initiating laser beams to carry out cladding work based on the operation result of a cladding operation subsystem, the rear end of the spray gun main body is provided with an air flow regulating valve and a powder flow regulating valve, the input end of the air flow regulating valve is provided with an air filter core, and the output end of the spray gun main body is provided with an atomizing nozzle.
As a further scheme of the invention, the visual detection module comprises image acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and analysis, morphological feature parameter calculation, data processing and transmission;
the image acquisition and preprocessing specifically refers to acquisition of an image acquired from hardware equipment and preprocessing operation comprising image denoising, filtering and enhancement;
the feature extraction and analysis extracts feature information comprising contours, edges and line segments from the workpiece image through an image processing algorithm, and is used for analyzing and identifying morphological features of the workpiece;
the morphological feature parameter calculation is based on the extracted feature information, and morphological feature parameters including workpiece geometric dimensions, contour curvature and surface textures are calculated;
And the data processing and transmission transmits the extracted morphological characteristic parameters to the cladding operation subsystem for subsequent processing.
As a further scheme of the invention, the cladding operation subsystem comprises laser power control, scanning speed control, powder spraying quantity control, atomization proportion control and driving angle coordinate control;
the laser power control calculates and controls the power of the laser beam according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, ensures proper energy supply and switches or controls the laser generator;
the scanning speed control calculates and controls the speed of laser scanning based on the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece so as to realize the required cladding quality and efficiency;
the powder spraying amount control calculates and controls the spraying amount of the metal powder according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, and ensures the thickness and uniformity of the coating;
the atomization proportion control is used for adjusting the flow and proportion of the atomization gas according to the morphological characteristics and the cladding requirements of the workpiece under the condition of cladding by using a powder bed mode so as to realize uniform distribution and atomization effect of powder;
the driving angle coordinate control calculates and controls the scanning track and the angle coordinate of the laser beam and the spraying track of the metal powder based on the morphological characteristics of the workpiece and the cladding requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. according to the invention, a workpiece image is acquired through an industrial camera and is transmitted to a workpiece scanning subsystem, in the workpiece scanning subsystem, image acquisition and pretreatment, feature extraction and analysis, morphological feature parameter calculation, data processing and transmission are sequentially executed based on a visual detection module, a cladding operation subsystem calculates and controls the power of a laser beam according to the morphological feature and cladding requirement of the workpiece, proper energy supply is ensured, and driving operations of scanning speed control, powder spraying amount control, atomization proportion control and driving angle coordinate control are sequentially executed, so that the processing and corresponding operation functions of the workpiece surface feature are achieved, and the automatic turning and rotation adjustment functions and the circulation treatment of the workpiece are achieved based on the corresponding operation of a driving motor and a clamping mechanism, and the perfect processing effect of the workpiece surface is ensured.
2. The invention can utilize the rotating motors on two sides to drive the groove seats on two sides to rotate respectively, so that the tops of the groove seats on two sides are attached together to form a herringbone shape, and then the first-stage hydraulic rod is utilized to drive the lower supporting frame to move downwards, so that the bottom of the groove seat is close to the top of a workpiece, the shielding of the top of the workpiece is realized, and further, the generated sparks are effectively prevented from splashing everywhere to influence the neatness of the working environment in the cladding process, the damage of high Wen Huoxing to internal parts is avoided, and in addition, the smoke generated in the cladding process can be shielded, and the smoke is prevented from drifting everywhere.
3. According to the invention, the first electric push rod slowly reciprocates and stretches to drive the movable plate to slowly reciprocate and stretch to and fro, the air inlet electromagnetic valve is opened, the air outlet electromagnetic valve is closed, the groove seat is in a negative pressure state, generated smoke can be sucked into the groove seat through the air inlet electromagnetic valve and the suction nozzle, the air outlet electromagnetic valve is opened, the air inlet electromagnetic valve is closed, and gas collected in the groove seat is discharged into the guide pipe through the air outlet electromagnetic valve in the process of driving the movable plate to shrink, so that the smoke generated in the cladding process is collected, and the influence on the air quality and the physical health of staff caused by the fact that the smoke drifts everywhere is effectively prevented.
4. According to the invention, after the first electric push rod slowly extends, the air inlet electromagnetic valve is opened, the air outlet electromagnetic valve is closed, and then the first electric push rod drives the movable plate to quickly shrink, so that the air pressure in the groove seat is quickly increased, and the spark scraps blocked in the suction nozzle can be cleaned out by utilizing the high pressure in the groove seat, so that the blockage of the suction nozzle is cleared.
5. After cladding is finished, the steering motor drives the tray and the workpiece on the tray to quickly rotate so as to primarily clean the Mars chips attached to the surfaces of the tray and the workpiece, the first-stage hydraulic rod drives the clamping arms to move downwards, the clamping arms on two sides are respectively positioned on two sides of the workpiece, the rotating motor drives the clamping arms to rotate, generated air flow cleans the Mars chips attached to the surfaces of the workpiece and the tray, and the first-stage hydraulic rod reciprocates to drive the clamping arms to move up and down so as to clean the top and the bottom of the workpiece, simultaneously quicken heat dissipation of the workpiece and improve heat dissipation speed of the workpiece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic workflow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the main system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a workpiece scanning subsystem of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the cladding operation subsystem of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hardware device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a workpiece drive assembly and a cladding drive assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a workpiece drive assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a portion of the construction of a workpiece drive assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a portion of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cladding drive component of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the invention at A of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a clip arm according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an outer frame; 2. a workpiece driving part; 201. a steering motor; 202. a tray; 203. an electrically driven slide rail; 204. a travel frame; 205. a mounting frame; 206. a first-stage hydraulic rod; 207. a lower support frame; 208. a roll-over stand; 209. a secondary hydraulic rod; 210. a linkage frame; 211. a support rail; 212. a driving motor; 213. a bidirectional screw; 214. an adjusting block; 215. a clamp arm; 2151. a groove seat; 2152. a movable plate; 2153. a first electric push rod; 2154. an air inlet electromagnetic valve; 2155. an exhaust electromagnetic valve; 2156. a conduit; 2157. a rotating electric machine; 2158. a gas flow rate sensor; 2159. a suction nozzle; 3. cladding the driving component; 301. an electric rotating table; 302. a first driving arm; 303. a first adjustment motor; 304. a second driving arm; 305. a second adjustment motor; 306. a second electric push rod; 307. an electrically driven adjustment stage; 308. an industrial camera; 309. switching the motor; 310. a laser generator; 311. a spray gun body; 312. an air flow regulating valve; 313. a powder amount adjusting valve; 314. an air filter element; 315. an atomizing spray head.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a laser cladding method comprising the steps of:
S1: loading hardware equipment, and starting a workpiece scanning subsystem and a cladding operation subsystem;
s2: placing a workpiece on the surface of the tray 202;
s3: acquiring a workpiece image through an industrial camera 308 and delivering the workpiece image to a workpiece scanning subsystem, wherein the workpiece scanning subsystem sequentially performs image acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and analysis, morphological feature parameter calculation, data processing and transmission based on a visual detection module;
s4: the cladding operation subsystem calculates and controls the power of the laser beam according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, ensures proper energy supply, and sequentially executes driving operations of scanning speed control, powder spraying amount control, atomization proportion control and driving angle coordinate control;
s5: the cladding driving part 3 is used for executing the driving operation of the cladding operation subsystem, and the steering motor 201 is used for rotating and adjusting the placing direction of the workpiece so as to achieve the effect of comprehensive cladding treatment on the side part of the workpiece;
s6: the workpiece is clamped and turned over by the operation of the workpiece driving part 2, the workpiece is placed on the surface of the tray 202 again, and the overall processing effect on the workpiece is achieved by circulating the steps S3-S5 by the operation of the steering motor 201.
The workpiece is placed on the tray 202, the workpiece image is acquired through the industrial camera 308 and is processed by the workpiece scanning subsystem, then the cladding operation subsystem calculates and controls according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, the cladding driving part 3 is used for executing driving operation, the comprehensive cladding processing of the surface of the workpiece is realized, and finally the workpiece is circularly processed through the overturning operation of the workpiece driving part 2, so that the comprehensive processing effect of the workpiece is achieved.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, a laser cladding system includes a hardware device, a workpiece scanning subsystem, and a cladding operation subsystem;
the hardware equipment consists of an outer frame 1, a workpiece driving part 2 and a cladding driving part 3;
the workpiece scanning subsystem comprises a visual detection module, wherein the visual detection module acquires a workpiece image based on hardware equipment, analyzes and identifies the workpiece image through an image processing algorithm, extracts morphological characteristics of the workpiece, and further acquires contour, geometric dimension and surface texture information of the workpiece;
the cladding operation subsystem is used for executing operation work such as power, scanning speed, powder spraying amount, atomization proportion, driving angle coordinate and the like of the laser beam based on the workpiece contour, geometric dimension and surface texture information acquired by the workpiece scanning subsystem, and controlling hardware equipment.
The laser cladding system consists of hardware equipment, a workpiece scanning subsystem and a cladding operation subsystem, wherein the hardware equipment comprises an outer frame 1, a workpiece driving part 2 and a cladding driving part 3, the support and control capability of the system are provided by the hardware equipment, the workpiece scanning subsystem comprises a visual detection module, a workpiece image is acquired through the hardware equipment and is subjected to image processing algorithm analysis, morphological characteristics of the workpiece, such as information of outline, geometric dimension, surface texture and the like, are extracted, the cladding operation subsystem performs operation work of power, scanning speed, powder spraying amount, atomizing proportion, driving angle coordinate and the like of a laser beam according to the morphological characteristic information provided by the workpiece scanning subsystem, and controls the hardware equipment to realize accurate laser cladding operation.
Referring to fig. 6 to 9, the workpiece driving part 2 includes a steering motor 201, a tray 202 and an electric driving sliding rail 203, the steering motor 201 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner side of the outer frame 1, the electric driving sliding rail 203 is fixedly installed at the top of the inner side of the outer frame 1, the output end of the steering motor 201 is fixedly connected with the tray 202, the inner side of the electric driving sliding rail 203 is connected with a travel frame 204, two sides of the lower surface of the travel frame 204 are respectively provided with a mounting frame 205, the bottom end of the mounting frame 205 is provided with a first-stage hydraulic rod 206, the output end of the first-stage hydraulic rod 206 is provided with a lower supporting frame 207, the front part of the bottom end of the lower supporting frame 207 is rotatably connected with a turning frame 208, the rear end of the top end of the lower supporting frame 207 is rotatably connected with a second-stage hydraulic rod 209, the rear end of the turning frame 208 is provided with a linkage frame 210, the linkage shaft is rotatably connected with the linkage frame 210, the surface of the turning frame 208 is provided with a supporting rail 211, the side surface of the supporting rail 211 is provided with a driving motor 212, the output end of the driving motor 212 penetrates to the inner side of the supporting rail 211, the supporting rail 212 is provided with a bidirectional screw 213, the output end of the driving motor 212 is provided with a bidirectional screw 214, the two-end outer surface of the driving motor 213 is respectively provided with an adjusting block 214, the two-end outer surface of the adjusting block 214 is connected with an outer surface of the adjusting block 214, and the outer surface of the adjusting block 214 is connected with the outer surface of the adjusting block, and the outer surface of the adjusting block is 211.
The support is provided for the placement of workpieces based on the tray 202, the adjustment function of the direction of the tray 202 is achieved through the steering motor 201, the position of the stroke frame 204 can be adjusted through the operation of the electric drive sliding rail 203, at the moment, the positions of the mounting frame 205 and the primary hydraulic rod 206 are adjusted along with the position of the stroke frame, the position of the lower support frame 207 can be adjusted through the expansion and contraction of the primary hydraulic rod 206, the bidirectional screw 213 is driven to rotate based on the operation of the drive motor 212, the adjusting blocks 214 are forced to move along the supporting rail 211 in the opposite direction based on the thread structure of the bidirectional screw 213, the clamping arms 215 move along with the adjusting blocks 214 to clamp the workpieces, the workpieces are lifted based on the expansion and contraction of the primary hydraulic rod 206, the linkage frame 210 is driven to move through the expansion and contraction of the secondary hydraulic rod 209, the turnover frame 208 is driven to turn over, the automatic turnover function of the workpieces is achieved, and then the workpieces are placed on the surface of the tray 202 again.
Referring to fig. 10 to 11, the number of the cladding driving members 3 is two, the two groups of cladding driving members 3 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the workpiece driving member 2, the cladding driving member 3 includes an electric rotary table 301, the electric rotary table 301 is fixedly mounted on the inner lower surface of the outer frame 1, the upper surface of the electric rotary table 301 is provided with a first driving arm 302, one side of the top end of the first driving arm 302 is provided with a first adjusting motor 303, the output end of the first adjusting motor 303 penetrates to the other side of the first driving arm 302 and is provided with a second driving arm 304, the top end of the second driving arm 304 is provided with a second adjusting motor 305, the output end of the second adjusting motor 305 is provided with a second electric push rod 306, the bottom outer surface of the second electric push rod 306 is provided with an electric driving adjusting table 307, the bottom transmission of electric drive adjustment platform 307 is connected with industry camera 308, industry camera 308 is responsible for acquireing the work piece image and is handed over by the work piece scanning subsystem, the output of second electric putter 306 is equipped with the shaft coupling, the surface of shaft coupling is equipped with switch motor 309 and spray gun main part 311, switch motor 309's output surface annular equidistance is equipped with the laser generator 310 of different power, laser generator 310 is responsible for initiating the laser beam and carry out cladding work based on cladding operation subsystem operation result, the rear end of spray gun main part 311 is equipped with tolerance governing valve 312, powder volume governing valve 313, the input of tolerance governing valve 312 is equipped with air filter core 314, the output of spray gun main part 311 is equipped with atomizer 315.
The electric rotating platform 301 provides support for the first driving arm 302, the second driving arm 304 is driven to rotate through the operation of the first adjusting motor 303, the final angle of the second electric push rod 306 is adjusted through the operation of the second adjusting motor 305, finally, the output end of the second electric push rod 306 is driven to move based on the extension and contraction of the second electric push rod 306, the position of a coupler is adjusted, the generators of different power mechanisms are switched to send laser beams based on the operation of the switching motor 309, the automatic adjustment of the air flow adjusting valve 312 and the powder flow adjusting valve 313 is achieved through cooperation of the atomizing nozzle 315, the automatic adjustment functions of the metal powder discharge amount and the atomization degree are achieved, dust mixing is avoided through the air filter 314, meanwhile, the shooting angle of the industrial camera 308 can be adjusted through the electric driving adjusting platform 307, and the industrial camera 308 is responsible for acquiring workpiece images and is intersected with the workpiece scanning subsystem.
Referring to fig. 3, the visual detection module includes image acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and analysis, morphological feature parameter calculation, data processing and transmission;
the image acquisition and preprocessing specifically refers to acquisition of an image acquired from hardware equipment and preprocessing operations comprising image denoising, filtering and enhancement;
Feature extraction and analysis the feature information comprising contours, edges and line segments in the workpiece image is extracted through an image processing algorithm and is used for analyzing and identifying morphological features of the workpiece;
the morphological feature parameter calculation is based on the extracted feature information, and the morphological feature parameters including the geometric dimension, the contour curvature and the surface texture of the workpiece are calculated;
and the data processing and transmission transmit the extracted morphological characteristic parameters to the cladding operation subsystem for subsequent processing.
Firstly, image acquisition and preprocessing operation ensures good image quality obtained from hardware equipment, image definition is improved through operations such as denoising, filtering and enhancing, accurate input is provided for subsequent analysis and recognition, secondly, feature extraction and analysis stages analyze workpiece images by utilizing an image processing algorithm, feature information such as outlines, edges and line segments in the workpiece images are extracted, the features are favorable for recognizing morphological features such as shapes, sizes and textures of the workpiece, and accordingly proper cladding processing is performed according to technological requirements, further, in a morphological feature parameter calculation stage, more specific morphological feature parameters are calculated based on the extracted feature information, the parameters can provide quantitative descriptions of morphological attributes of the workpiece, such as geometric dimensions, outline curvature, surface textures and the like, so that a system can accurately carry out cladding processing on the workpiece, finally, the extracted morphological feature parameters are transmitted to a cladding operation subsystem for subsequent cladding parameter calculation and control use in a data processing and transmission stage, and the seamless data transmission ensures efficient cooperation between a visual detection module and a cladding operation subsystem, and accordingly accurate cladding control and precision control of a cladding process are realized, the precision and the quality of the workpiece can be realized, and the visual feature parameters can be comprehensively obtained through the laser processing operation module, the visual feature extraction module and the visual feature processing operation subsystem, the visual feature processing operation system has the comprehensive performance and the quality control and the quality of the workpiece.
Referring to fig. 4, the cladding operation subsystem includes laser power control, scanning speed control, powder spraying amount control, atomization proportion control and driving angle coordinate control;
laser power control calculates and controls the power of the laser beam according to the workpiece morphology and cladding requirements, ensuring proper energy supply, switching or controlling the laser generator 310;
the scanning speed control calculates and controls the speed of laser scanning based on the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece so as to realize the required cladding quality and efficiency;
the powder spraying amount is controlled, the spraying amount of the metal powder is calculated and controlled according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, and the thickness and uniformity of the coating are ensured;
atomization proportion control, in the case of cladding by using a powder bed mode, the flow and proportion of atomization gas are regulated according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of a workpiece so as to realize uniform distribution and atomization effect of powder;
the driving angle coordinate control calculates and controls the scanning track and the angle coordinate of the laser beam and the spraying track of the metal powder based on the morphological characteristics of the workpiece and the cladding requirement.
Firstly, laser power control calculates and controls the power of a laser beam according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of a workpiece, which ensures that proper energy supply can be provided in the cladding process, a system can realize accurate control of laser by switching the power of a laser generator 310 or controlling the output power of the laser, secondly, scanning speed control calculates and controls the scanning speed of the laser according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, by adjusting the scanning speed, the system can realize required cladding quality and production efficiency, which can be optimized according to the morphological characteristics of the workpiece surface to achieve optimal cladding effect, furthermore, powder spraying amount control calculates and controls the spraying amount of metal powder according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, by accurately controlling the powder spraying amount, the system can realize thickness and uniformity of a coating, the method ensures the accurate feeding of the metal powder in the cladding process, thereby obtaining high-quality coating molding, in addition, aiming at the situation of cladding by using a powder bed mode, the atomization proportion control is important, according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of a workpiece, the flow and proportion of atomization gas are regulated, so as to realize uniform distribution and atomization effect of the powder, which plays a key role in ensuring the stability and consistency of the powder bed in the cladding process, finally, the driving angle coordinate control calculates and controls the scanning track, the angle coordinate and the spraying track of the metal powder of a laser beam based on the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, the precise control of the cladding path and the precise spraying of the metal powder can be realized through the precise angle coordinate control, and the accurate and required coating is ensured to be formed, the cladding operation subsystem provides highly accurate operation and adjustment capability for the system in various control functions of the laser cladding system, and the system can realize high-quality and high-efficiency laser cladding treatment by accurately controlling parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, powder spraying quantity, atomizing proportion, driving angle coordinate and the like, so that the quality and production efficiency of workpieces are improved.
When the device is used, the laser cladding system is composed of hardware equipment, a workpiece scanning subsystem and a cladding operation subsystem, the hardware equipment comprises an outer frame 1, a workpiece driving part 2 and a cladding driving part 3, the workpiece scanning subsystem comprises a visual detection module for acquiring workpiece images and analyzing an image processing algorithm, morphological characteristics of the workpieces are extracted, the cladding operation subsystem calculates and controls parameters such as power, scanning speed, powder spraying amount, atomizing proportion and driving angle coordinate of laser beams according to morphological characteristic information provided by the workpiece scanning subsystem, the hardware equipment is controlled to realize accurate laser cladding operation, coordinated operation of visual detection and cladding parameter control is carried out, high-efficiency, accurate and high-quality laser cladding processing effect is realized, the workpiece driving part 2 comprises a steering motor 201, a tray 202 and an electric driving slide rail 203, the steering motor 201 is fixedly arranged at the inner bottom of the outer frame 1, the adjustment function of the workpiece placement direction is realized through the driving tray 202, the electric driving slide rail 203 is fixedly arranged at the top of the inner side of the outer frame 1, clamping and overturning operation of the workpieces is realized through adjusting the position of the workpiece scanning subsystem 204, further cyclic execution of the laser beam processing step 306, the electric driving motor 306 is controlled by the electric driving arm 306, the two electric driving slide rail 203 is controlled to rotate, the electric spraying motor is controlled by a rotary shaft assembly, the two-type laser beam is controlled to rotate, the rotary drive arm 301 is controlled by a rotary shaft has a rotary actuator, the rotary actuator is controlled to move, the rotary actuator is controlled by a rotary actuator, the rotary actuator is provided with a rotary actuator, and a rotary actuator has a rotary actuator 309, and a rotary actuator is controlled by a rotary actuator has a rotary actuator, and a rotary actuator is provided with a rotary actuator, and has a rotary actuator, and a rotary actuator has a rotary actuator and a rotary kiln, and a rotary kiln is provided, the powder amount adjusting valve 313 and the atomizing nozzle 315 are used for controlling the powder spraying amount and the atomizing proportion, the visual detection module comprises functions of image acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and analysis, morphological feature parameter calculation, data processing and transmission and the like, the image acquisition and preprocessing operation is used for acquiring and processing images acquired from hardware equipment and comprises operations of denoising, filtering, enhancing and the like, the feature extraction and analysis stage utilizes an image processing algorithm to extract feature information such as outlines, edges and line segments in workpiece images and the like and is used for analyzing and identifying morphological features of the workpiece, the morphological feature parameter calculation stage is used for calculating specific morphological feature parameters such as geometric dimensions, outline curvature, surface texture and the like of the workpiece according to the extracted feature information, and the data processing and transmission stage is used for transmitting the extracted morphological feature parameters to the cladding operation subsystem for subsequent processing, so that the accurate control and operation of the laser cladding process are realized.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1-12, in the practical use process, particularly in the cladding process, a laser cladding system provided in the first embodiment may generate more smoke, the smoke may fly in the outside air to affect the air quality and affect the health of the staff, in addition, more sparks with higher temperature may splash in the cladding process, damage to the parts inside the outer frame 1 may be easily caused, and more sparks may be accumulated on the surfaces of the workpiece and the tray 202, which affects the clean and clean working environment, and is inconvenient to clean, in addition, after the cladding is finished, the surface temperature of the workpiece is higher, the heat dissipation speed is slower, so as to solve the above problems:
the arm lock 215 includes slot seat 2151, sliding fit has fly leaf 2152 in slot seat 2151, the tip of slot seat 2151 is equipped with first electric putter 2153, the flexible end of first electric putter 2153 and the tip fixed connection of fly leaf 2152, the inboard of slot seat 2151 evenly is equipped with air inlet solenoid valve 2154, air inlet solenoid valve 2154's tip is equipped with suction nozzle 2159, one side that is close to regulating block 214 of the lateral surface of slot seat 2151 is equipped with exhaust solenoid valve 2155, exhaust solenoid valve 2155's tip is equipped with pipe 2156, pipe 2156 is connected with outside collecting system, rotating electrical machine 2157 is inlayed to the terminal surface of regulating block 214, rotating electrical machine 2157's output shaft and slot seat 2151's tip fixed connection, specifically, utilize flexible the driving fly leaf 2152 of first electric putter 2153 to reciprocate in slot seat 2151, first electric putter 2153 drives the in-process that fly leaf 2152 is elongated, air inlet solenoid valve 2154 opens, exhaust solenoid valve 2155 is in-down pressure state, the fume that is produced in the cladding process can be inhaled by air inlet solenoid valve 2154 and suction nozzle 2159 by suction nozzle 2151, exhaust solenoid valve 2156 is connected with outside collecting system, exhaust system is collected by the inside the collecting system, exhaust valve 2155 is in the collecting system is the inside the collecting system is the shrink-down through the air inlet valve 2154, and the end of the inside of the flexible electromagnetic valve 2152.
More specifically, rotation of the rotary motor 2157 enables rotation of the slot 2151, which in turn adjusts the angle of the slot 2151 and the movable plate 2152.
The side of the tank holder 2151 adjacent to the inlet solenoid valve 2154 is provided with a gas flow sensor 2158, and in particular, the gas flow sensor 2158 is used to monitor the flow rate of gas into the tank holder 2151.
When the device is used, the workpiece is placed on the surface of the tray 202, and before cladding work begins, the rotating motors 2157 on two sides are utilized to drive the groove seats 2151 on two sides to rotate respectively, the rotating directions of the groove seats 2151 on two sides are opposite, the groove seats 2151 on two sides are in an inclined state, the driving motor 212 is started again to drive the bidirectional screw 213 to rotate, the groove seats 2151 on two sides move oppositely until the tops of the groove seats 2151 on two sides are attached together to form a herringbone shape, the lower support frame 207 is driven to move downwards by the first-stage hydraulic rod 206, the bottom of the groove seat 2151 is close to the top of the workpiece, shielding of the top of the workpiece is achieved, and further, the generated sparks can be effectively prevented from splashing everywhere in the cladding process to affect the neatness of the working environment, damage to internal parts is avoided, and in addition, smoke generated in the cladding process can be shielded, and the smoke is prevented from drifting everywhere.
It should be noted that when the groove seats 2151 on both sides are rotated and adjusted to be in a horizontal state, the opposite sides of the groove seats 2151 on both sides are attached to form a straight line, the shielding range is maximized, in addition, when one side is clad with fewer sparks and the other side is clad with more sparks, the inclination angle of the groove seat 2151 corresponding to the side with fewer sparks is smaller than the inclination angle of the groove seat 2151 corresponding to the side with more sparks, so that the side with more sparks is shielded to a larger extent, and the inclination angle of the groove seat 2151 can be adaptively adjusted according to the amount of sparks generated, so that the optimal shielding range is achieved.
Although the combination of slot seat 2151 on both sides can shield the smog, but because smog has better mobility, the smog that produces still can fly away, influence air quality, harm staff's health, therefore, when the laminating of the opposite side of slot seat 2151 on both sides shields the top of work piece, start first electric putter 2153, and make first electric putter 2153 slowly reciprocate flexible, and then drive fly leaf 2152 and slowly reciprocate flexible, first electric putter 2153 drives the in-process that fly leaf 2152 is elongated, air inlet solenoid valve 2154 is opened, air outlet solenoid valve 2155 is closed, be in the negative pressure state in the slot seat 2151, the smog that produces in-process of cladding can be through suction nozzle 2159 and air inlet solenoid valve 2154 is inhaled in the slot seat 2151, first electric putter 2153 drives the in-process that fly leaf 2152 contracts, air outlet solenoid valve 2155 is opened, air inlet solenoid valve 2154 is closed, the gas that collects in the slot seat 2151 is discharged into pipe 2156 through air outlet solenoid valve 2155, and then the produced is collected by outside collection system, and then realize collecting smog that produces in the cladding in-process, effectively prevent that smog from flying away and the health of staff's health.
However, when the smoke is sucked into the slot seat 2151, the spark chips generated by cladding are easily absorbed into the suction nozzle 2159, and then the suction nozzle 2159 is blocked, the air inflow in the slot seat 2151 is reduced when the suction nozzle 2159 is blocked, the air flow speed is reduced, when the air flow speed sensor 2158 monitors that the air flow speed in the slot seat 2151 is smaller than the threshold value set by the air flow speed sensor 2158, the suction nozzle 2159 is actively judged to be blocked, at the moment, after the first electric push rod 2153 is slowly stretched, the air inlet electromagnetic valve 2154 is opened, the air outlet electromagnetic valve 2155 is closed, and then the first electric push rod 2153 drives the movable plate 2152 to be quickly contracted, so that the air pressure in the slot seat 2151 is quickly increased, and the spark chips blocked in the suction nozzle 2159 can be cleaned by using the high pressure in the slot seat 2151, so that the suction nozzle 2159 is blocked.
It should be noted that, because the groove seats 2151 on two sides are still in an inclined state in the process of cleaning the suction nozzle 2159, the cleaned spark chips can be blown to the workpiece, so that after the suction nozzle 2159 is detected to be blocked and before the cleaning, the secondary hydraulic rod 209 is contracted to drive the roll-over stand 208 to roll down to drive the groove seats 2151 to roll down, and meanwhile, the rotating motors 2157 on two sides are utilized to respectively drive the groove seats 2151 on two sides to rotate, so that the tops of the groove seats 2151 on two sides are mutually attached to each other are separated until the surfaces of the groove seats 2151 on two sides are coplanar, at this time, the suction nozzle 2159 faces outwards towards the opening of the outer frame 1, at this time, the cleaning is performed on the suction nozzle 2159 again, and the cleaned spark chips can be discharged out of the outer frame 1, so that the cleaned spark chips are prevented from remaining in the inner part of the outer frame 1 and the surface of the workpiece.
Finally, after cladding is finished, because of the shielding effect of the groove seat 2151 with the inclined top, the splashing range of splashed sparks is greatly reduced, and more sparks are collected on the surface of the tray 202 and attached to the workpiece, therefore, after cladding is finished, the steering motor 201 is started, the steering motor 201 is enabled to rotate rapidly, the tray 202 and the workpiece on the tray 202 rotate rapidly, the tray 202 and the sparks attached to the surface of the workpiece are cleaned primarily in the process of rotating the tray 202 and the workpiece on the tray 202 rapidly, meanwhile, the first-stage hydraulic rod 206 is utilized to drive the clamp arms 215 to move downwards, the clamp arms 215 on two sides are respectively positioned on two sides of the workpiece, the rotating motor 2157 is utilized to drive the clamp arms 215 to rotate, so that the generated air flow is utilized to clean the sparks attached to the workpiece and the surface of the tray 202, and the top and the bottom of the workpiece can be cleaned by driving the clamp arms 215 to reciprocate.
Meanwhile, the heat dissipation of the workpiece can be accelerated by utilizing the air flow generated by the rotation of the slot seat 2151, the heat dissipation speed of the workpiece is improved, the actions of the air inlet electromagnetic valve 2154, the air outlet electromagnetic valve 2155 and the first electric push rod 2153 in the process of clearing the suction nozzle 2159 are repeated again in the rotation process of the slot seat 2151, namely, when the first electric push rod 2153 stretches, the air inlet electromagnetic valve 2154 is opened, the air outlet electromagnetic valve 2155 is closed, the heat on the workpiece can be sucked into the slot seat 2151 through the suction nozzle 2159 and the air inlet electromagnetic valve 2154, the first electric push rod 2153 is contracted again, the air inlet electromagnetic valve 2154 is closed, the air outlet electromagnetic valve 2155 is opened, and the heat is discharged through the air outlet electromagnetic valve 2155 and the guide tube 2156, so that the heat dissipation speed is further improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any equivalent embodiments which can be changed or modified by the technical disclosure described above can be applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical matter of the present invention will still fall within the scope of the technical disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. A laser cladding method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1: loading hardware equipment, and starting a workpiece scanning subsystem and a cladding operation subsystem;
s2: placing a workpiece on the surface of a tray;
s3: acquiring a workpiece image through an industrial camera and delivering the workpiece image to a workpiece scanning subsystem, wherein the workpiece scanning subsystem sequentially performs image acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and analysis, morphological feature parameter calculation, data processing and transmission based on a visual detection module;
s4: the cladding operation subsystem calculates and controls the power of the laser beam according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, ensures proper energy supply, and sequentially executes driving operations of scanning speed control, powder spraying amount control, atomization proportion control and driving angle coordinate control;
S5: the cladding driving part is used for executing the driving operation of the cladding operation subsystem, and the workpiece placing direction is rotationally adjusted through the operation of the steering motor, so that the comprehensive cladding treatment effect on the side part of the workpiece is achieved;
s6: the workpiece is clamped and turned over by the operation of the workpiece driving part, the workpiece is turned over by 90 degrees and is placed on the surface of the tray again, and the steps S3-S5 are circulated by the operation of the steering motor so as to achieve the overall treatment effect on the workpiece;
the hardware equipment comprises an outer frame, a workpiece driving part and a cladding driving part;
the utility model provides a work piece drive assembly, including turning to motor, tray and electric drive slide rail, the inboard transmission of electric drive slide rail is connected with the stroke frame, the lower surface both sides of stroke frame all are equipped with the mounting bracket, the bottom of mounting bracket is equipped with one-level hydraulic stem, the output of one-level hydraulic stem is equipped with down the support frame, the bottom front portion of lower carriage rotates and is connected with the roll-over stand, the surface of roll-over stand is equipped with the supporting rail, the side surface of supporting rail is equipped with driving motor, driving motor's output is equipped with two-way screw rod, the equal threaded connection in surface both ends of two-way screw rod has the regulating block, the surface of regulating block is equipped with the arm lock, the arm lock includes the chute seat, sliding fit has the fly leaf, the tip of chute seat is equipped with first electric putter, first electric putter's flexible end with the tip fixed connection of fly leaf, the inboard of chute seat evenly is equipped with the air inlet solenoid valve, the tip of air inlet solenoid valve is equipped with, one side that the regulating block is close to the regulating block is equipped with the exhaust.
2. A laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein: the workpiece scanning subsystem comprises a visual detection module, wherein the visual detection module acquires a workpiece image based on hardware equipment, analyzes and identifies the workpiece image through an image processing algorithm, extracts morphological characteristics of the workpiece, and further acquires contour, geometric dimension and surface texture information of the workpiece;
the cladding operation subsystem performs operation of power, scanning speed, powder spraying amount, atomization proportion and driving angle coordinates of laser beams based on the workpiece contour, geometric dimension and surface texture information acquired by the workpiece scanning subsystem, and controls hardware equipment.
3. A laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein: the steering motor is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the outer frame, the electric drive sliding rail is fixedly arranged at the top of the inner side of the outer frame, and the output end of the steering motor is fixedly connected with the tray.
4. A laser cladding method according to claim 3, wherein: the top rear portion of lower carriage rotates and is connected with the second grade hydraulic stem, the rear end of roll-over stand is equipped with the linkage frame, the output of second grade hydraulic stem is equipped with the universal driving axle, the universal driving axle rotates with the linkage frame to be connected, driving motor's output runs through to the inboard of supporting rail, regulating block sliding connection is at the surface of supporting rail, exhaust solenoid valve's tip is equipped with the pipe, the pipe is connected with outside collecting system, the one side that the slot seat is close to air inlet solenoid valve is equipped with gas flow rate sensor.
5. A laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the cladding driving parts is two, the two groups of the cladding driving parts are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the workpiece driving parts, the cladding driving parts comprise an electric rotating table, the electric rotating table is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the inner side of an outer frame, a first driving arm is arranged on the upper surface of the electric rotating table, a first adjusting motor is arranged on one side of the top end of the first driving arm, the output end of the first adjusting motor penetrates through the other side of the first driving arm and is provided with a second driving arm, a second adjusting motor is arranged on the top end of the second driving arm, and a second electric push rod is arranged on the output end of the second adjusting motor.
6. The laser cladding method according to claim 5, wherein: the outer surface of the bottom end of the second electric push rod is provided with an electric drive adjusting table, the bottom end transmission of the electric drive adjusting table is connected with an industrial camera, and the industrial camera is responsible for acquiring workpiece images and is delivered to a workpiece scanning subsystem.
7. The laser cladding method according to claim 6, wherein: the output of second electric putter is equipped with the shaft coupling, the surface of shaft coupling is equipped with switching motor and spray gun main part, the output surface annular equidistance of switching motor is equipped with the laser generator of different powers, the laser generator is responsible for initiating the laser beam and carrying out cladding work based on cladding operation subsystem operation result, the rear end of spray gun main part is equipped with tolerance governing valve, powder volume governing valve, the input of tolerance governing valve is equipped with the air filter core, the output of spray gun main part is equipped with atomizer.
8. The laser cladding method of claim 7, wherein: the visual detection module comprises image acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and analysis, morphological feature parameter calculation, data processing and transmission;
the image acquisition and preprocessing specifically refers to acquisition of an image acquired from hardware equipment and preprocessing operation comprising image denoising, filtering and enhancement;
the feature extraction and analysis extracts feature information comprising contours, edges and line segments from the workpiece image through an image processing algorithm, and is used for analyzing and identifying morphological features of the workpiece;
the morphological feature parameter calculation is based on the extracted feature information, and morphological feature parameters including workpiece geometric dimensions, contour curvature and surface textures are calculated;
and the data processing and transmission transmits the extracted morphological characteristic parameters to the cladding operation subsystem for subsequent processing.
9. A laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein: the cladding operation subsystem comprises laser power control, scanning speed control, powder spraying quantity control, atomization proportion control and driving angle coordinate control;
the laser power control calculates and controls the power of the laser beam according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, ensures proper energy supply and switches or controls the laser generator;
The scanning speed control calculates and controls the speed of laser scanning based on the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece so as to realize the required cladding quality and efficiency;
the powder spraying amount control calculates and controls the spraying amount of the metal powder according to the morphological characteristics and cladding requirements of the workpiece, and ensures the thickness and uniformity of the coating;
the atomization proportion control is used for adjusting the flow and proportion of the atomization gas according to the morphological characteristics and the cladding requirements of the workpiece under the condition of cladding by using a powder bed mode so as to realize uniform distribution and atomization effect of powder;
the driving angle coordinate control calculates and controls the scanning track and the angle coordinate of the laser beam and the spraying track of the metal powder based on the morphological characteristics of the workpiece and the cladding requirement.
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| CN104619454A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2015-05-13 | 西门子能量股份有限公司 | Automated superalloy laser cladding system with 3D imaging weld path control |
| KR101790154B1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-10-26 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | Laser cladding method and system |
| WO2021248588A1 (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-12-16 | 武汉大学 | Real-time monitoring device for laser near-net shape manufacturing, and manufacturing apparatus and method |
| CN114289735A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-08 | 天津镭明激光科技有限公司 | Off-line layer thickness compensation system for laser cladding |
| CN218280995U (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-01-13 | 济南鼎华耐磨材料技术有限公司 | Laser cladding's absorption cleaning device |
| CN115433937A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-12-06 | 同济大学 | Device and method for magnetic field assisted ultrahigh-speed laser cladding of iron-based amorphous coating |
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| CN116875974A (en) | 2023-10-13 |
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