CN116872733B - Integrated whole vehicle control system of low-speed electric vehicle and control method thereof - Google Patents

Integrated whole vehicle control system of low-speed electric vehicle and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116872733B
CN116872733B CN202310726018.9A CN202310726018A CN116872733B CN 116872733 B CN116872733 B CN 116872733B CN 202310726018 A CN202310726018 A CN 202310726018A CN 116872733 B CN116872733 B CN 116872733B
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mcu
temperature
power supply
mos tube
charging
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CN116872733A (en
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冯丽莉
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Shenzhen Huaxin Holding Co ltd
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Shenzhen Huaxin Holding Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to a low-speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system and a control method thereof, which combine software functions of a battery management system, a motor control system and a man-machine interaction system onto one MCU, so that the performance requirements of the system in independent operation can be met while combining software and hardware. And combining the system tasks into the same MCU in the form of priority tasks, setting the processing priority of the battery management function task to be the highest, and the like. Thus, the original independent information of the 3 mutually interacted systems is directly transmitted on the SRAM inside the same MCU, the internal memory is directly accessed, and the communication efficiency and the stability are far higher than those of the communication connected by the cable. The MCU is used for respectively controlling the charging circuit and the temperature regulating circuit to divide the voltage input by the charger, so that the temperature of the power supply battery core exceeds the normal range, and the temperature of the power supply is regulated by the temperature regulating circuit on the premise of ensuring safe charging voltage, so that the performance or safety of the power supply is ensured.

Description

Integrated whole vehicle control system of low-speed electric vehicle and control method thereof
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of trolley control, in particular to a low-speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system and a control method thereof.
Background
The low-speed electric vehicle aims to control the whole vehicle through a vehicle-mounted control system so as to realize low-speed running of the electric vehicle. The whole vehicle control system of a low-speed electric vehicle, such as a two-wheel electric vehicle, an electric scooter and the like, generally comprises a battery protection management system, a motor control system and a man-machine interaction system, and the three systems respectively have the following functions:
a battery protection management system (BMS) having functions of battery overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, temperature protection, SOC algorithm, and the like;
the motor control system has the functions of brush or brushless direct current motor control algorithm, constant-speed cruising, speed gear control, brake control and the like;
the man-machine interaction system is provided with key control and screen display.
The low-speed electric vehicle in the current market all adopts the mode of connecting and combining the three independent system systems through communication cables to form a control system of the whole vehicle, and three PCBS plates are required to be assembled, so that the production cost of the whole vehicle system is high. Because the three systems perform information interaction through the communication cable, the stability and the communication efficiency of the system are low compared with those of a single MCU single-circuit board whole vehicle control system.
In addition, in the charging process of the low-speed electric vehicle at present, based on the reasons of battery aging, quality, environmental temperature and the like, battery spontaneous combustion accidents happen occasionally, and the performance of the battery is influenced, even serious property loss is caused. In the existing scheme, particularly when the battery is charged and discharged, an active safety control mode and an active remedying function are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a low-speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system and a control method thereof.
The application provides a low-speed electric motor car unification whole car control system, include:
PCBA board;
the MCU is arranged on the PCBA board and used for controlling the whole vehicle;
the battery protection management system, the motor control system and the man-machine interaction system are distributed on the PCBA board and are respectively and electrically connected with the MCU;
the battery protection management system includes:
the power supply is used for supplying power to the whole vehicle;
the battery cell temperature sensor is used for sampling the temperature of the power supply battery cell and sending the battery cell temperature obtained by sampling to the MCU;
the MOS tube M2 is connected in series on a loop formed by the power supply and the motor control system, and the grid electrode is electrically connected with the MCU;
the output end of the charging circuit is connected with a power supply;
a temperature regulating circuit for regulating an internal temperature of the power supply; the input end of the temperature regulating circuit is connected with the input end of the charging circuit in parallel;
the MCU is respectively connected with the charging circuit and the temperature regulating circuit to distribute the output voltage proportion of the charging circuit and the temperature regulating circuit in the charging process.
Further, the charging circuit comprises an inductor L1, a capacitor C1, a diode D1 and a MOS tube M1; a first end of the inductor L1 is connected with a positive electrode of the power supply; the second end of the inductor L1 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C1 and the cathode of the diode D1 and then used as the positive electrode input end of the charging circuit; the second end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D1 and the source electrode of the MOS tube M1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is used as the negative electrode input end of the charging circuit; and the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the MCU.
Further, the temperature regulating circuit comprises a NOT gate D3, a MOS tube M5, a capacitor C2, a diode D2, an inductor L2, a MOS tube M3 and a fan; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M5 is connected with the negative electrode input end of the charging circuit, and the grid electrode is connected with the output end of the NOT gate D3; the input end of the NOT gate D3 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1; the source electrode of the MOS tube M5 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C2, the anode of the diode D2 and the first end of the inductor L2; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the second end of the inductor L2, the source electrode is connected with the first end of the fan, and the grid electrode is connected with the MCU; and the second end of the fan is connected with the cathode of the diode D2 and the second end of the capacitor C2, and then is connected with the positive electrode input end of the charging circuit.
Further, the temperature regulating circuit further comprises a MOS tube M4 and a heating element R1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3, the source electrode is connected with the first end of the heating element R1, and the grid electrode is connected with the MCU; the second end of the heating element R1 is connected with the second end of the fan.
Further, the battery protection management system further includes:
the AFE battery sampling chip is used for sampling the power supply and sending battery voltage information obtained by sampling to the MCU;
the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the AFE battery sampling chip are connected with the power supply in parallel, the sampling end of the AFE battery sampling chip is positioned in the power supply, and the sampling output end is electrically connected with the MCU.
Further, the motor control system includes:
a motor;
the motor driving module is used for driving the motor under the control of the MCU;
the accelerator module is used for outputting an accelerator response signal to the MCU;
the brake module is used for outputting a brake response signal to the MCU;
the illumination module is used for receiving and illuminating according to the illumination response signal output by the MCU;
the motor is connected in series on a loop of the power supply;
the motor driving module is connected in series on a loop of the power supply, and the control end of the motor driving module is electrically connected with the MCU;
and the throttle module, the brake module and the lighting module are respectively and electrically connected with the MCU.
Further, the motor control system further includes:
the Hall sensor is used for collecting magneto-electric signals of the motor and sending the magneto-electric signals to the MCU;
the feedback current module is used for collecting feedback current of the motor and sending the feedback current to the MCU;
the Hall sensor and the feedback current module are respectively connected in parallel between the motor and the MCU.
Further, the man-machine interaction system includes:
the display screen is used for displaying control information issued by the MCU;
the key input module is used for inputting corresponding control information to the MCU through keys;
the display screen and the key input module are respectively and electrically connected with the MCU.
The control method of the integrated control whole vehicle system of the low-speed electric vehicle is applied to the integrated control system of the low-speed electric vehicle, and comprises the following steps of:
setting a normal charging temperature range of a power supply cell;
detecting the charging temperature of a power supply cell;
comparing the charging temperature with a normal temperature range; if the charging temperature is within the normal temperature range, the charging voltage is distributed to the charging circuit; if the charging temperature is outside the normal temperature range, a part of the charging voltage is distributed to the temperature regulating circuit for regulating the temperature inside the power supply.
Further, if the charging temperature is out of the normal temperature range, distributing part of the charging voltage to the temperature regulating circuit, including the following steps:
if the charging temperature is higher than the normal temperature range, the MOS tube M3 is conducted, and meanwhile, the duty ratio of the PWM signal output to the MOS tube M1 is reduced;
if the charging temperature is lower than the normal temperature range, the MOS tube M4 is turned on, and the duty ratio of the PWM signal output to the MOS tube M1 is reduced.
The invention has the technical effects that:
based on the embodiment of the application, the PCBA hardware of the battery management system, the motor control system and the man-machine interaction system is designed on the same circuit board, and the software functions of the battery management system, the motor control system and the man-machine interaction system are combined on the MCU, so that the performance requirements of the 3 systems in independent working can be met while the software/hardware are combined. When the method is specifically applied, battery protection management function, motor control function and man-machine interaction function software are respectively combined on the same MCU in a task mode, the processing priority of the battery management function task is set to be the highest, the priority of the motor control function task is set to be medium, and the limited level of the man-machine interaction function task is set to be the lowest. Thus, the original independent information of the 3 mutually interacted systems is directly transmitted on the SRAM inside the same MCU, namely, the direct access of the internal memory is realized, and the communication efficiency and the stability are far higher than those of the communication connected by the cable.
The production of the whole machine control system is changed from 3 PCBA to 1 PCBA, so that the cost of most materials, production line equipment, manpower and the like is directly saved, and the test cost and time cost are also reduced by the assembly and test of the whole machine.
By adopting the method and the device, the protection control of the whole vehicle is realized through interaction of the battery protection management system and the motor control system, the use protection and performance of the electric vehicle can be integrally improved, the use safety performance of the whole vehicle driving motor, the battery and the like is improved, the use performance of the electric vehicle is improved, and faults such as a motor or the battery are avoided.
When charging, no matter what reason, as long as the temperature of the power supply battery core exceeds the normal temperature range, the charging voltage output by the charging circuit to the power supply is reduced so as to reduce the heating value of the power supply, and meanwhile, the reduced part of voltage is input to the temperature regulating circuit, a fan in the temperature regulating circuit is started, the heat emitted by the power supply is blown away to cool the power supply, and the phenomenon of spontaneous combustion caused by heat aggregation and temperature rise is prevented. The more the temperature of the power supply battery core exceeds the normal range, the lower the voltage output by the charging circuit, the more the voltage divided by the temperature regulating circuit, and the higher the blowing intensity of the fan, so as to accelerate the heat dissipation speed. When the charging temperature exceeds a certain threshold value, the output voltage of the charging circuit is zero, and all charging voltages are distributed to the temperature regulating circuit to prevent the power supply from spontaneous combustion. Conversely, as the temperature of the power supply cell decreases, the more charge voltage is distributed to the charging circuit, the less voltage is distributed to the temperature regulating circuit.
When the temperature of the power supply battery core is lower than the normal temperature range, the external environment temperature is reduced, and the power supply capacity is influenced; at this time, the charging voltage output to the power supply by the charging circuit is reduced so as to prevent the power supply from being damaged, and meanwhile, the reduced part of voltage is input to the temperature regulating circuit, a heating element R1 in the temperature regulating circuit is started, and the heating element R1 heats the power supply, so that the power supply maintains the normal capacity. The more the temperature of the power supply battery core is lower than the normal range, the lower the voltage output by the charging circuit is, the more the voltage divided by the temperature regulating circuit is, so that the heating speed is increased, the charging performance is recovered as soon as possible, and the heat loss caused by low environmental temperature is supplemented.
Other features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deployment of a low-speed electric vehicle integrated overall vehicle control system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows an application control circuit for a low speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control method of the integrated vehicle control system for a low-speed electric vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic application diagram of the electronic device of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Other advantages and effects of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes embodiments of the present disclosure by way of specific examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the present disclosure. The disclosure may be embodied or practiced in other different specific embodiments, and details within the subject specification may be modified or changed from various points of view and applications without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments in this disclosure are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.
Example 1
Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description in order to provide a better understanding of the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some instances, well known means, elements, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present disclosure.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in one aspect of the present application, a low-speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system is provided, including:
PCBA board;
the MCU is arranged on the PCBA board and used for controlling the whole vehicle;
the battery protection management system 1, the motor control system 2 and the man-machine interaction system 3 are distributed on the PCBA board and are respectively and electrically connected with the MCU.
According to the method, the PCBA hardware of the battery management system, the motor control system and the man-machine interaction system is designed on the same circuit board, and software functions of the battery management system, the motor control system and the man-machine interaction system are combined on the same MCU, so that the performance requirements of the 3 systems in independent working can be met while the software is combined.
And the PCBA board is provided with an MCU chip, so that the battery protection management system 1, the motor control system 2 and the man-machine interaction system 3 can be comprehensively controlled.
In this embodiment, the type of the MCU chip is selected by the user according to the needs.
As shown in fig. 2, specific application circuits of the battery protection management system, the motor control system and the man-machine interaction system according to this embodiment are shown.
Specific application facilities and circuit control in the battery protection management system 1, the motor control system 2 and the man-machine interaction system 3 are shown in fig. 2.
As an optional embodiment of the present application, optionally, the battery protection management system 1 includes:
the power supply is used for supplying power to the whole vehicle; the power supply adopts a battery pack to supply power;
the MOS tube M2 is used for discharging under the conduction of the MCU;
the MOS tube M1 is used for charging under the conduction of the MCU;
the battery cell temperature sensor is used for sampling the temperature of the power supply battery cell and sending the battery cell temperature obtained by sampling to the MCU;
the MOS tube M2 is connected in series on a loop formed by the power supply and the motor control system, and the grid electrode is electrically connected with the MCU;
the output end of the charging circuit is connected with a power supply, and the input end of the charging circuit is connected with an external charger through a charging interface;
a temperature regulating circuit for regulating an internal temperature of the power supply; the input end of the temperature regulating circuit is connected with the input end of the charging circuit in parallel;
the MCU is respectively connected with the charging circuit and the temperature regulating circuit to distribute the output voltage proportion of the charging circuit and the temperature regulating circuit in the charging process according to the temperature of the power supply, namely, the temperature of the power supply battery core is detected, if the power supply battery core exceeds a certain temperature range, the MCU regulates the charging circuit to ensure that the charging circuit only outputs a part of the output voltage of the external charger, and the other part is divided into the temperature regulating circuit, for example, the input voltage of the external charger is 48V, the charging circuit only outputs 30V, and the temperature regulating circuit outputs 12V for regulating the temperature of the power supply.
Further, the charging circuit comprises an inductor L1, a capacitor C1, a diode D1 and a MOS tube M1; a first end of the inductor L1 is connected with a positive electrode of the power supply; the second end of the inductor L1 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C1 and the cathode of the diode D1 and then used as the positive electrode input end of the charging circuit; the second end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D1 and the source electrode of the MOS tube M1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is used as the negative electrode input end of the charging circuit; and the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the MCU. Further, the temperature regulating circuit comprises a NOT gate D3, a MOS tube M5, a capacitor C2, a diode D2, an inductor L2, a MOS tube M3 and a fan; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M5 is connected with the negative electrode input end of the charging circuit, and the grid electrode is connected with the output end of the NOT gate D3; the input end of the NOT gate D3 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1; the source electrode of the MOS tube M5 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C2, the anode of the diode D2 and the first end of the inductor L2; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the second end of the inductor L2, the source electrode is connected with the first end of the fan, and the grid electrode is connected with the MCU; and the second end of the fan is connected with the cathode of the diode D2 and the second end of the capacitor C2, and then is connected with the positive electrode input end of the charging circuit. The MCU can adjust the charging voltage output to the power supply by the charging circuit by controlling the duty ratio output to the MOS tube M1. Meanwhile, the grid electrode of the MOS tube M5 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 through a NOT gate, and the effect is that the MCU can control the charging circuit and the temperature regulating circuit only through one path of PWM signal, so that the control structure is simplified; the second effect is to realize the action interlocking of the MOS tube M1 and the MOS tube M5, so that the two MOS tubes are prevented from being simultaneously disconnected or connected when interference occurs, and larger control deviation is caused, and the set output voltage effect is not achieved; the third effect is to realize accurate voltage division of two circuits, namely, for example, the output voltage of a charger is 60V, the duty ratio of a PWM signal of a charging circuit is 60% of the output voltage is 36V, and the duty ratio of a temperature regulating circuit is 40% of the output voltage is 24V, so that the control precision is improved.
Further, the temperature regulating circuit further comprises a MOS tube M4 and a heating element R1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3, the source electrode is connected with the first end of the heating element R1, and the grid electrode is connected with the MCU; the second end of the heating element R1 is connected with the second end of the fan. The circuit realizes that the power supply has poor capacity due to lower temperature when the temperature of the external environment is lower in winter or cold regions, the driving mileage of the electric car is lower due to poor power storage capacity of the power supply, and the heating element R1 is added, so that the power supply can be heated when the temperature of the power supply battery core is lower, the temperature of the power supply is recovered to be normal, and the battery capacity is maintained.
The battery protection management system further includes:
the AFE battery sampling chip is used for sampling the power supply and sending battery voltage information obtained by sampling to the MCU;
the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the AFE battery sampling chip are connected with the power supply in parallel, the sampling end of the AFE battery sampling chip is positioned in the power supply, and the sampling output end is electrically connected with the MCU;
the sampling end of the AFE battery sampling chip is inserted into the battery pack, and the output end of the AFE battery sampling chip is connected with the corresponding acquisition end of the MCU chip;
as an alternative embodiment of the present application, optionally, the motor control system 2 includes:
a motor;
the motor driving module is used for driving the motor under the control of the MCU;
the accelerator module is used for outputting an accelerator response signal to the MCU;
the brake module is used for outputting a brake response signal to the MCU;
the illumination module is used for receiving and illuminating according to the illumination response signal output by the MCU;
the motor is connected in series on a loop of the power supply;
the motor driving module is connected in series on a loop of the power supply, and the control end of the motor driving module is electrically connected with the MCU;
and the throttle, the brake and the illumination are respectively and electrically connected with the MCU.
As an optional embodiment of the present application, optionally, the motor control system 2 further includes:
the Hall sensor is used for collecting magneto-electric signals of the motor and sending the magneto-electric signals to the MCU;
the feedback current module is used for collecting feedback current of the motor and sending the feedback current to the MCU;
the Hall sensor and the feedback current module are respectively connected in parallel between the motor and the MCU.
As an optional embodiment of the present application, optionally, the man-machine interaction system 3 includes:
the display screen is used for displaying control information issued by the MCU;
the key input module is used for inputting corresponding control information to the MCU through keys;
the display screen and the key input module are respectively and electrically connected with the MCU.
In the present embodiment, in the battery protection management system 1, the motor control system 2, and the man-machine interaction system 3, the functions of the respective electronic facilities/modules are not described, and only the functions are required to be operated according to the respective functions.
And the MCU judges signals acquired by acquisition facilities such as a battery cell temperature sensor, the AFE battery sampling chip, a Hall sensor and a feedback current module in the battery protection management system 1, the motor control system 2 and the man-machine interaction system 3 with preset values in an MCU embedded program, and issues corresponding control instructions to corresponding working facilities/modules after judgment, and particularly, the execution tasks of the battery protection management system 1, the motor control system 2 and the man-machine interaction system 3 set by a user are controlled, and corresponding response tasks are executed through judging programs and preset values of each system.
Such as:
when the MCU receives and judges that the battery voltage for sampling the voltage of the power supply through the AFE battery sampling chip is lower than a preset voltage value, the MCU indicates that the battery power supply is insufficient, and the MCU issues and executes a corresponding charging task at the moment;
when the MCU receives and judges that the battery cell temperature acquired by the cell temperature sensor exceeds a preset temperature value, the motor is possibly overloaded, the MCU issues and executes a corresponding motor speed limiting task, issues a corresponding control signal to a motor driving module, and reduces the motor rotating speed until the temperature of the battery cell reaches the preset temperature value.
In this embodiment, the PCBA hardware of the battery management system, the motor control system and the man-machine interaction system is designed on the same PCBA circuit board, and the production of the whole machine control system is changed from 3 PCBA to 1, so that the cost of most materials, production line equipment, manpower and the like is directly saved, and the test cost and time cost are also reduced by the assembly and test of the whole vehicle.
In this embodiment, the functions of the respective execution bodies can be described with reference to the existing designs.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, based on the implementation principle of embodiment 1, another aspect of the present application provides a control method of a low-speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system, which includes the following steps:
setting a normal charging temperature range of a power supply cell;
detecting the charging temperature of a power supply cell;
comparing the charging temperature with a normal temperature range; if the charging temperature is within the normal temperature range, the charging voltage is distributed to the charging circuit; if the charging temperature is outside the normal temperature range, a part of the charging voltage is distributed to the temperature regulating circuit for regulating the temperature inside the power supply.
In a specific implementation, if the charging temperature is outside the normal temperature range, the method distributes a part of charging voltage to the temperature regulating circuit, and includes the following steps:
if the charging temperature is higher than the normal temperature range, the MOS tube M3 is conducted, and meanwhile, the duty ratio of the PWM signal output to the MOS tube M1 is reduced;
if the charging temperature is lower than the normal temperature range, the MOS tube M4 is turned on, and the duty ratio of the PWM signal output to the MOS tube M1 is reduced.
When charging, no matter what reason, as long as the temperature of the power supply battery core exceeds the normal temperature range, the charging voltage output by the charging circuit to the power supply is reduced so as to reduce the heating value of the power supply, and meanwhile, the reduced part of voltage is input to the temperature regulating circuit, a fan in the temperature regulating circuit is started, the heat emitted by the power supply is blown away to cool the power supply, and the phenomenon of spontaneous combustion caused by heat aggregation and temperature rise is prevented. The more the temperature of the power supply battery core exceeds the normal range, the lower the voltage output by the charging circuit, the more the voltage divided by the temperature regulating circuit, and the higher the blowing intensity of the fan, so as to accelerate the heat dissipation speed. When the charging temperature exceeds a certain threshold value, the output voltage of the charging circuit is zero, and all charging voltages are distributed to the temperature regulating circuit to prevent the power supply from spontaneous combustion. Conversely, as the temperature of the power supply cell decreases, the more charge voltage is distributed to the charging circuit, the less voltage is distributed to the temperature regulating circuit.
When the temperature of the power supply battery core is lower than the normal temperature range, the external environment temperature is reduced, and the power supply capacity is influenced; at this time, the charging voltage output to the power supply by the charging circuit is reduced so as to prevent the power supply from being damaged, and meanwhile, the reduced part of voltage is input to the temperature regulating circuit, a heating element R1 in the temperature regulating circuit is started, and the heating element R1 heats the power supply, so that the power supply maintains the normal capacity. The more the temperature of the power supply battery core is lower than the normal range, the lower the voltage output by the charging circuit is, the more the voltage divided by the temperature regulating circuit is, so that the heating speed is increased, the charging performance is recovered as soon as possible, and the heat loss caused by low environmental temperature is supplemented.
Therefore, the MCU is used for respectively controlling the charging circuit and the temperature regulating circuit to divide the voltage input by the charger, so that when the temperature of the power supply battery core exceeds the normal range, the temperature of the power supply is regulated by the temperature regulating circuit on the premise of reducing the charging speed and ensuring the safety, and the performance or the safety of the power supply is ensured.
In specific implementation, the method further comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively establishing control tasks of a battery protection management system, a motor control system and a man-machine interaction system to obtain a battery protection management control task (the temperature adjustment step is a function in the task), a motor control task and a man-machine interaction control task;
s2, respectively configuring corresponding task processing priorities for the battery protection management control task, the motor control task and the man-machine interaction control task;
s3, after the task processing priority is configured, correspondingly editing control programs of the battery protection management control task, the motor control task and the man-machine interaction control task, and packaging the control programs in an MCU;
and S4, starting a solicitation system through the MCU, and executing and processing the battery protection management control task, the motor control task and the man-machine interaction control task according to the task processing priority.
The method comprises the steps that a control task of a battery protection management system, a motor control system and a man-machine interaction system is firstly required to be established respectively to obtain the battery protection management control task, the motor control task and the man-machine interaction control task; secondly, in order to realize the optimization management of the whole vehicle, the priority of task execution is set for each task, when the MCU chip issues corresponding task execution instructions, the priority of the system to which each task instruction belongs is firstly executed according to the priority, and the rest of tasks are executed in sequence according to the set priority.
In this embodiment, the battery protection management control task is prioritized over the motor control task, and the motor control task is prioritized over the man-machine interaction control task.
And carrying out task programming, and packaging each task program in an MCU chip in an embedded mode, wherein battery protection management function, motor control function and man-machine interaction function software are combined on the same MCU in a task mode, the processing priority of the battery management function task is set to be the highest, the task priority of the motor control function task is set to be medium, and the limited task level of the man-machine interaction function is set to be the lowest. Thus, the original independent information of the 3 mutually interacted systems is directly transmitted on the SRAM inside the same MCU, namely, the direct access of the internal memory is realized, and the communication efficiency and the stability are far higher than those of the communication connected by the cable.
As an optional embodiment of the present application, optionally, the task priorities of the battery protection management control task, the motor control task, and the man-machine interaction control task are as follows:
and the battery protection management control task is prioritized over the motor control task, and the motor control task is prioritized over the man-machine interaction control task.
As an optional embodiment of the present application, optionally, when performing the processing of the battery protection management control task, the method includes:
the temperature of the battery cell is sampled through a battery cell temperature sensor, and the sampled battery cell temperature is sent to the MCU;
the MCU receives and judges whether the temperature of the battery cell exceeds a preset temperature value, if so, a corresponding control signal is issued to the motor driving module, and the rotating speed of the motor is reduced until the temperature of the battery cell reaches the preset temperature value;
the method comprises the steps of,
the power supply is subjected to voltage sampling through an AFE battery sampling chip, and battery voltage information obtained through sampling is sent to the MCU;
and the MCU receives and judges whether the voltage of the power supply is lower than a preset voltage value, if yes, the MCU cuts off the drain electrode of the MOS tube M2 and is communicated with the MOS tube M1.
As an optional embodiment of the present application, optionally, when performing the processing of the motor control task, the method includes:
the magneto-electricity signals of the motor are collected through a Hall sensor and sent to the MCU;
collecting feedback current of the motor through a feedback current module and sending the feedback current to the MCU;
the MCU receives and judges whether the motor runs normally according to the magneto-electric signal and the feedback current:
if not, a corresponding control signal is issued to the motor driving module, and the motor rotating speed is reduced.
In the execution of the task, the task priority set above is referred to for execution. If the current task does not have the priority tasks of other systems, the current task can be executed.
In the whole vehicle control system, the execution tasks of each system in the battery protection management system 1, the motor control system 2 and the man-machine interaction system 3 are determined by a user, the execution control logic of each system task is controlled by the interaction between the systems, and the corresponding execution is carried out according to the system priority of the execution main body.
It should be noted that although the above has been described as an example, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure should not be limited thereto. In fact, the user can be flexibly set according to the actual application scene, so long as the technical functions of the application can be realized according to the technology.
It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that implementing all or part of the above-described embodiments may be accomplished by computer programs to instruct related hardware, and the programs may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, which when executed may include the processes of the embodiments of the controls described above. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that implementing all or part of the above-described embodiments may be accomplished by computer programs to instruct related hardware, and the programs may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, which when executed may include the processes of the embodiments of the controls described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disc, a Read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RandomAccessMemory, RAM), a flash memory (flash memory), a hard disk (HDD), or a Solid State Drive (SSD); the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, in another aspect, the present application further proposes an electronic device, including:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
the processor is configured to implement a control method of the low-speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system when executing the executable instructions.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for an electronic device that includes a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions. The processor is configured to execute the executable instructions to implement the control method of the integrated vehicle control system of the low-speed electric vehicle.
Here, it should be noted that the number of processors may be one or more. Meanwhile, in the electronic device of the embodiment of the disclosure, an input device and an output device may be further included. The processor, the memory, the input device, and the output device may be connected by a bus, or may be connected by other means, which is not specifically limited herein.
The memory is a computer-readable storage medium that can be used to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and various modules, such as: the embodiment of the disclosure relates to a program or a module corresponding to a control method of a low-speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing of the electronic device by running software programs or modules stored in the memory.
The input device may be used to receive an input number or signal. Wherein the signal may be a key signal generated in connection with user settings of the device/terminal/server and function control. The output means may comprise a display device such as a display screen.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvement of the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "middle," "length," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "radial," "circumferential," and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "on" a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intervening medium. The meaning of "a plurality of" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The above description is for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a low-speed electric motor car unifies whole car control system which characterized in that includes:
PCBA board;
the MCU is arranged on the PCBA board and used for controlling the whole vehicle;
the battery protection management system, the motor control system and the man-machine interaction system are distributed on the PCBA board and are respectively and electrically connected with the MCU;
the battery protection management system includes:
the power supply is used for supplying power to the whole vehicle;
the battery cell temperature sensor is used for sampling the temperature of the power supply battery cell and sending the battery cell temperature obtained by sampling to the MCU;
the MOS tube M2 is connected in series on a loop formed by the power supply and the motor control system, and the grid electrode is electrically connected with the MCU;
the output end of the charging circuit is connected with a power supply;
a temperature regulating circuit for regulating an internal temperature of the power supply; the input end of the temperature regulating circuit is connected with the input end of the charging circuit in parallel;
the MCU is respectively connected with the charging circuit and the temperature regulating circuit to distribute the output voltage proportion of the charging circuit and the temperature regulating circuit in the charging process;
the charging circuit comprises an inductor L1, a capacitor C1, a diode D1 and a MOS tube M1; a first end of the inductor L1 is connected with a positive electrode of the power supply; the second end of the inductor L1 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C1 and the cathode of the diode D1 and then used as the positive electrode input end of the charging circuit; the second end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D1 and the source electrode of the MOS tube M1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M1 is used as the negative electrode input end of the charging circuit; the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1 is connected with the MCU;
the temperature regulating circuit comprises a NOT gate D3, a MOS tube M5, a capacitor C2, a diode D2, an inductor L2, a MOS tube M3 and a fan; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M5 is connected with the negative electrode input end of the charging circuit, and the grid electrode is connected with the output end of the NOT gate D3; the input end of the NOT gate D3 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube M1; the source electrode of the MOS tube M5 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C2, the anode of the diode D2 and the first end of the inductor L2; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3 is connected with the second end of the inductor L2, the source electrode is connected with the first end of the fan, and the grid electrode is connected with the MCU; and the second end of the fan is connected with the cathode of the diode D2 and the second end of the capacitor C2, and then is connected with the positive electrode input end of the charging circuit.
2. The integrated vehicle control system of the low-speed electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the temperature regulating circuit further comprises a MOS tube M4 and a heating element R1; the drain electrode of the MOS tube M4 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube M3, the source electrode is connected with the first end of the heating element R1, and the grid electrode is connected with the MCU; the second end of the heating element R1 is connected with the second end of the fan.
3. The low-speed electric vehicle integrated-with-one vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the battery protection management system further comprises:
the AFE battery sampling chip is used for sampling the power supply and sending battery voltage information obtained by sampling to the MCU;
the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the AFE battery sampling chip are connected with the power supply in parallel, the sampling end of the AFE battery sampling chip is positioned in the power supply, and the sampling output end is electrically connected with the MCU.
4. The low-speed electric vehicle integrated-with-one vehicle control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor control system comprises:
a motor;
the motor driving module is used for driving the motor under the control of the MCU;
the accelerator module is used for outputting an accelerator response signal to the MCU;
the brake module is used for outputting a brake response signal to the MCU;
the illumination module is used for receiving and illuminating according to the illumination response signal output by the MCU;
the motor is connected in series on a loop of the power supply;
the motor driving module is connected in series on a loop of the power supply, and the control end of the motor driving module is electrically connected with the MCU;
and the throttle module, the brake module and the lighting module are respectively and electrically connected with the MCU.
5. The low-speed electric vehicle integrated-with-one vehicle control system of claim 4, further comprising:
the Hall sensor is used for collecting magneto-electric signals of the motor and sending the magneto-electric signals to the MCU;
the feedback current module is used for collecting feedback current of the motor and sending the feedback current to the MCU;
the Hall sensor and the feedback current module are respectively connected in parallel between the motor and the MCU.
6. The low-speed electric vehicle integrated-with-one vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the human-computer interaction system comprises:
the display screen is used for displaying control information issued by the MCU;
the key input module is used for inputting corresponding control information to the MCU through keys;
the display screen and the key input module are respectively and electrically connected with the MCU.
7. A control method of a low-speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system, which is characterized by being applied to the low-speed electric vehicle integrated whole vehicle control system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps:
detecting the charging temperature of a power supply cell;
comparing the charging temperature with a normal temperature range;
if the charging temperature is within the normal temperature range, the charging voltage is distributed to the charging circuit;
if the charging temperature is outside the normal temperature range, a part of the charging voltage is distributed to the temperature regulating circuit for regulating the temperature inside the power supply.
8. The control method of a low-speed electric vehicle integrated-with-one vehicle control system according to claim 7, wherein if the charging temperature is out of the normal temperature range, a part of the charging voltage is distributed to the temperature adjusting circuit, comprising the steps of:
if the charging temperature is higher than the normal temperature range, the MOS tube M3 is conducted, and meanwhile, the duty ratio of the PWM signal output to the MOS tube M1 is reduced;
if the charging temperature is lower than the normal temperature range, the MOS tube M4 is turned on, and the duty ratio of the PWM signal output to the MOS tube M1 is reduced.
CN202310726018.9A 2023-06-16 2023-06-16 Integrated whole vehicle control system of low-speed electric vehicle and control method thereof Active CN116872733B (en)

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