CN116871309A - Degraded plateau peat field recovery method - Google Patents
Degraded plateau peat field recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116871309A CN116871309A CN202310709060.XA CN202310709060A CN116871309A CN 116871309 A CN116871309 A CN 116871309A CN 202310709060 A CN202310709060 A CN 202310709060A CN 116871309 A CN116871309 A CN 116871309A
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- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 106
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000058871 Echinochloa crus-galli Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015225 Panicum colonum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering degraded plateau peat, which comprises the following steps: s1: obtaining basic data of degraded highland peat; s2: repairability diagnosis is carried out on the degraded plateau peat land according to the basic data, and a diagnosis result is obtained; s3: determining a typical repair test zone according to the diagnosis result; s4: performing initial repair engineering on the typical repair test area to obtain an initial repair result; s5: evaluating the current repair engineering according to the current repair result to obtain an evaluation result; s6: judging whether the evaluation result reaches a target, if so, entering S9; otherwise, entering S7; s7, performing S7; performing a re-repair project on the typical repair test area by using the evaluation result to obtain a re-repair result; s8: taking the re-repair result as the current repair result and returning to the S5; s9: and taking the evaluation result as a final repair result. The invention can continuously adjust the repair engineering to realize the repair target as soon as possible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and ecological restoration, in particular to a method for restoring degraded plateau peat fields.
Background
The networked trend of ditching drainage and natural erosion ditch leads to degradation plateau peat land swamp ponding reduction, ground water level decline, especially swamp meadow area, and the water level decline of drainage ditch both sides is obvious, and wet vegetation reduces, constantly expands to the ditch both sides, exists meadow and desertification development trend. The high-primordial ecological system has the characteristics of high altitude, cold, short growing season, fragile ecology and the like, the existing repair is mainly "blocked", but the dam body blocks water flow, the water flow erosion is easily increased in a ditch with normal running water or in heavy rain runoff, or the water flow is changed in direction, and the water erosion bypasses the dam body, so that the ditch is further widened; or the water flows to the bottom of the dam body to erode, so that the ditch is further deepened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a degraded plateau peat field restoration method, so that restoration engineering can be continuously adjusted to achieve a restoration target as soon as possible, and meanwhile, the health of a wetland ecosystem can be effectively promoted.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a degraded plateau peat field restoration method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining basic data of degraded highland peat;
s2: repairability diagnosis is carried out on the degraded plateau peat region according to the basic data, and a diagnosis result is obtained;
s3: determining a typical repair test zone according to the diagnosis result;
s4: performing initial repair engineering on the typical repair test area to obtain an initial repair result;
s5: evaluating the current repair project according to the current repair result to obtain an evaluation result;
s6: judging whether the evaluation result reaches a target, if so, entering S9; otherwise, entering S7;
s7, performing S7; performing a re-repair process on the typical repair test area by using the evaluation result to obtain a re-repair result;
s8: taking the re-repair result as a current repair result and returning to the step S5;
s9: and taking the evaluation result as a final repair result.
Optionally, the base material includes topography data, land utilization data, hydrologic data, soil data, vegetation data, and biological data;
in S2, the repairability diagnosis includes degradation status quo characteristics, degradation reasons, major interference factors, feasibility of recovery, and problems that may be caused by recovery measures.
Optionally, in S4, the initial repair process and/or the secondary repair process includes environmental repair, where the environmental repair includes hydrologic repair, and the hydrologic repair focuses on rewetting of the plateau peat, including increasing moisture content in the peat by raising a groundwater level, reducing water loss caused by surface runoff, subsurface runoff, evaporation and the like, and the hydrologic repair is to meet ecological water requirement conditions of the wetland, especially that sufficient moisture meets a water requirement threshold in dry seasons, where the measures include:
raise water level, reduce evaporation from the ground surface and promote water quality.
Optionally, the raising the water level includes:
reducing drainage, reducing flow rate, damming, intercepting water, burying drainage, micro-topography water stagnation, ecological water replenishment, surface water seepage and pond water storage;
the reducing the flow rate includes: introducing natural barriers, reducing the flow rate, forming a still water area, adopting a mode of stage-by-stage flooding and stage-by-stage water level lifting according to the field conditions of a water source and a water collecting area, and promoting natural coverage and peat accumulation of vegetation by combining the reduction of the flow rate;
the damming and water intercepting steps comprise: natural materials are preferentially used, and artificial materials are selectively used in steep or places where the natural materials cannot meet the requirements, so that the basic principle of minimum damage to natural environment is adopted; the stability of the dam body is fully considered in the design of the dam body form, so that the dam break phenomenon is prevented; considering the influence of storm conditions on a catchment area, selecting a proper engineering point; according to the previous empirical summary, the dam body forms mainly comprise a low dam and a permeable dam, and the section permeable dam body with larger water flow takes the binge gabion form into consideration; according to the location conditions and the accessibility of transportation, the construction cost is considered, the construction time of the dam is determined, the entering of materials is mainly in winter, and the ecological influence on the field is reduced;
the landfill drainage includes: burying shallow and narrow ditches on the gentle slope by using highly degraded peat;
the micro-topography stagnant water includes: the method comprises the steps of constructing micro-terrains through an implant, adopting a terrace mode to incline peat soil, intercepting stepped water storage, and creating surface water stagnation conditions, wherein the implant comprises a water baffle and/or peat stems;
the ecological water supplementing comprises the following steps: for the region with desertification trend caused by wetland degradation, water is adopted to irrigate and recover vegetation, a water diversion source is mainly based on nearby natural river curves, ecological water is supplemented to the swamp meadow degradation region in the dry season of the recovery period, and the vegetation degradation succession trend is restrained;
the surface water seepage comprises: for severe degradation areas caused by peat degradation, the compacted peat layer is removed, or holes are punched to penetrate through the watertight peat surface layer so as to promote surface runoff and rainwater infiltration downwards;
the pool water storage includes: in a negative terrain area with high groundwater level, the turf transplanting means is adopted to excavate the turf layer on the surface layer to reduce the ground surface elevation, so as to form a 'reservoir', water storage is carried out in rainy season, and the area of the 'reservoir' is not more than 30m 2 The depth is smaller than 40cm of the water level before underground.
Optionally, the reducing the evapotranspiration of the earth's surface comprises: low water consumption plant cultivation, microclimate construction and earth surface coverage;
the low water plant growing includes: screening low-consumption water grass seeds, and planting the low-consumption water grass seeds by embedding propagules, transplanting plug seedlings or sowing seeds;
the microclimate construction includes: the biological windshields are added on the step marshes at the windward side, so that the wind erosion hazard is reduced;
the earth's surface covering includes: on the basis of reasonably planning a grazing road, vegetation recovery is carried out on the bare or low-density vegetation coverage area, particularly on the uphill area and the areas on the two sides of the grazing road through diversion measures, and the surface coverage is increased.
Optionally, the water quality improvement comprises:
the overpasture is reduced, the animal carrying amount is controlled, and the eutrophication of the surface water is reduced; a buffer area is established near the traffic trunk area, vegetation coverage is increased, grazing is reduced, and pollutants are intercepted by using the vegetation; the area close to the human settlement area is discharged after passing through water treatment facilities after reaching standards, and water pollution caused by direct discharge of pollution is strictly forbidden.
Optionally, in S5, evaluating the current repair result includes:
evaluating the influence of the current repair engineering on physical and chemical properties of underground water, vegetation and soil;
evaluating the influence of the current repair engineering on the microbial diversity of the wetland; and
and simulating and evaluating the water erosion prevention and control effect of the current repair engineering.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is based on the limitation of the prior repair work, can continuously adjust the repair engineering to realize the repair target as soon as possible, and in addition, the hydrologic repair provided by the invention can build different buffer dams according to the terrain gradient and the water flow rate of different ditch sections, and combines the arrangement of the permeable weirs, thereby effectively reducing the water flow rate, raising the ditch bed, ensuring hydrologic communication, having the characteristic of low maintenance, promoting the siltation, improving the vegetation coverage rate and promoting the health of the ecological system of the plateau peat land.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention for restoration of degraded highland peat.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a degraded plateau peat restoration method, which is shown in a figure 1, and comprises the following steps of:
s1: obtaining basic data of degraded highland peat;
besides meteorological and socioeconomic statistics, the degraded plateau peat soil data is obtained by combining remote sensing technical means such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and the like, wherein the basic data comprise topography data, land utilization data, hydrologic data, soil data, vegetation data and biological data.
S2: repairability diagnosis is carried out on the degraded plateau peat region according to the basic data, and a diagnosis result is obtained;
the repairability diagnosis includes degradation status quo characteristics, degradation causes, major interference factors, feasibility of recovery, and problems that recovery measures may bring.
S3: determining a typical repair test zone according to the diagnosis result;
s4: performing initial repair engineering on the typical repair test area to obtain an initial repair result;
the initial repair project and/or the secondary repair project comprises environmental repair, the environmental repair comprises hydrologic repair, the hydrologic repair focuses on rewetting of the plateau peat region, the moisture content in the peat is improved by lifting the groundwater level, the water loss caused by surface runoff, underground runoff, evaporation and the like is reduced, the hydrologic repair aims at meeting the ecological water requirement condition of the wetland, and particularly, enough moisture in dry seasons meets a water requirement threshold, and the measures comprise:
raise water level, reduce evaporation from the ground surface and promote water quality.
Optionally, the raising the water level includes:
reducing drainage, reducing flow rate, damming, intercepting water, burying drainage, micro-topography water stagnation, ecological water replenishment, surface water seepage and pond water storage;
in terms of reducing drainage, on the one hand, the hydrologic process of the artificial drainage area is restored, wherein the hydrologic process comprises the steps of carrying out the restoration of hydrologic conditions on ditches which are excavated in a large amount based on the production of the lifting grasslands and the enlargement of pastures in the 20 th century 60 and 70 th, and carrying out the restoration by adopting engineering measures in combination with the current hydrologic conditions in the valley swamp areas; on the other hand, the natural erosion ditch is treated, and the networked state development is prevented. The method is based on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology, identifies the erosion ditch threat area, carries out tracking monitoring, and especially pays attention to destructive influence caused by storm runoff. The damage is stopped as early as possible, and the damage is found out and processed in time.
The reducing the flow rate includes: introducing natural barriers, reducing the flow rate, forming a still water area, adopting a mode of stage-by-stage flooding and stage-by-stage water level lifting according to the field conditions of a water source and a water collecting area, and promoting natural coverage and peat accumulation of vegetation by combining the reduction of the flow rate; the natural obstacles here are typically wood boards, turf, stones, etc.
The damming and water intercepting steps comprise: natural materials are preferentially used, and artificial materials are selectively used in steep or places where the natural materials cannot meet the requirements, so that the basic principle of minimum damage to natural environment is adopted; the stability of the dam body is fully considered in the design of the dam body form, so that the dam break phenomenon is prevented; considering the influence of storm conditions on a catchment area, selecting a proper engineering point; according to the previous empirical summary, the dam body forms mainly comprise a low dam and a permeable dam, and the section permeable dam body with larger water flow takes the binge gabion form into consideration; according to the regional conditions and the accessibility of transportation, the construction time of the dam is determined by considering the construction cost, the entering of materials is mainly in winter, and the ecological influence on the field is reduced.
The landfill drainage includes: burying shallow and narrow ditches on the gentle slope by using highly degraded peat; the highly degraded peat has a sealing function and can promote vegetation stability.
As the underground water level is lowered, the density of freezing and thawing hills is reduced, the height and the range are reduced, the terrain tends to be gentle, micro-terrain ridges formed between hills are changed from closed to open, and the surface runoff is accelerated. Thus, the micro-topography stagnant water includes: the method comprises the steps of constructing micro-terrains through an implant, intercepting inclined peat fields in a terrace mode, and creating surface water stagnation conditions, wherein the implant comprises a water baffle and/or peat stems.
The ecological water supplementing comprises the following steps: for the region with desertification trend caused by wetland degradation, the vegetation is restored by adopting drinking water irrigation, the water diversion source mainly adopts nearby natural river curves, and ecological water supplementing is carried out on the swamp meadow degradation region in the dry season of the restoration period, so that the vegetation degradation succession trend is restrained.
As the natural compactness of the degraded wet area is increased, the volume weight is increased, the surface penetration is weakened, the peat decomposition can cause hydrophobic effect, and the moisture can not be infiltrated and absorbed. Thus, the surface water penetration includes: for areas of severe degradation caused by peat degradation, the compacted peat layer is removed, or perforations penetrate the impermeable peat surface to promote downward penetration of surface runoff and rain water.
The pool water storage includes: in a negative topography area with high groundwater level, the turf transplanting means is adopted to excavate a surface turf layer (smaller than 20 cm) to reduce the ground surface elevation, so as to form a 'reservoir', water is stored in rainy season, and the area of the 'reservoir' is not more than 30m 2 The depth is smaller than 40cm of the water level before underground.
Optionally, the reducing the evapotranspiration of the earth's surface comprises: low water consumption plant cultivation, microclimate construction and earth surface coverage;
the low water plant growing includes: screening low-consumption water grass seeds, and planting the low-consumption water grass seeds by embedding propagules, transplanting plug seedlings or sowing seeds;
the microclimate construction includes: the biological windshields are added on the step marshes at the windward side, so that the wind erosion hazard is reduced;
the earth's surface covering includes: on the basis of reasonably planning a grazing road, vegetation recovery is carried out on the bare or low-density vegetation coverage area, particularly on the uphill area and the areas on the two sides of the grazing road through diversion measures, and the surface coverage is increased.
Optionally, the water quality improvement comprises:
the overpasture is reduced, the animal carrying amount is controlled, and the eutrophication of the surface water is reduced; a buffer area is established near the traffic trunk area, vegetation coverage is increased, grazing is reduced, and pollutants are intercepted by using the vegetation; the area close to the human settlement area is discharged after passing through water treatment facilities after reaching standards, and water pollution caused by direct discharge of pollution is strictly forbidden. S5: evaluating the current repair project according to the current repair result to obtain an evaluation result;
evaluating the current repair result includes:
evaluating the influence of the current repair engineering on physical and chemical properties of underground water, vegetation and soil;
evaluating the influence of the current repair engineering on the microbial diversity of the wetland; and
and simulating and evaluating the water erosion prevention and control effect of the current repair engineering.
Wherein, evaluating the influence of the current repair engineering on the physical and chemical properties of groundwater, vegetation and soil comprises the physical and chemical properties of groundwater level, plant community and soil.
In assessing the impact of current repair works on the microbial diversity of the wetland, only the top (0-10 cm) peat layer is of interest, as this is the most bioactive layer, and also the layer most affected by the drop in groundwater level.
In addition, the method also comprises the steps of evaluating the diversity of microorganisms, the relation between the variation of the microbial community composition and vegetation and environmental variables, the hydrology of different ditches, the difference of the plant community composition and the physical and chemical properties of soil, and the comparison of the wetland microbial community under different drainage states, and the relation among the microbial community, vegetation characteristics and soil environmental factors.
The simulation and evaluation of the water erosion prevention and control effect of the current repair engineering comprise the following steps: simulating background and area, model setting and ditch morphology characteristic change.
S6: judging whether the evaluation result reaches a target, if so, entering S9; otherwise, entering S7;
here, the target may be set according to actual demands, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
S7, performing S7; performing a re-repair process on the typical repair test area by using the evaluation result to obtain a re-repair result;
s8: taking the re-repair result as a current repair result and returning to the step S5;
s9: and taking the evaluation result as a final repair result.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A degraded plateau peat restoration method, characterized in that the degraded plateau peat restoration method comprises:
s1: obtaining basic data of degraded highland peat;
s2: repairability diagnosis is carried out on the degraded plateau peat region according to the basic data, and a diagnosis result is obtained;
s3: determining a typical repair test zone according to the diagnosis result;
s4: performing initial repair engineering on the typical repair test area to obtain an initial repair result;
s5: evaluating the current repair project according to the current repair result to obtain an evaluation result;
s6: judging whether the evaluation result reaches a target, if so, entering S9; otherwise, entering S7;
s7, performing S7; performing a re-repair process on the typical repair test area by using the evaluation result to obtain a re-repair result;
s8: taking the re-repair result as a current repair result and returning to the step S5;
s9: and taking the evaluation result as a final repair result.
2. The degraded highland peat soil restoration method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the basic material includes topography data, land utilization data, hydrologic data, soil data, vegetation data, and biological data;
in S2, the repairability diagnosis includes degradation status quo characteristics, degradation reasons, major interference factors, feasibility of recovery, and problems that may be caused by recovery measures.
3. The degraded plateau peat restoration method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the initial restoration process and/or the restoration process includes environmental restoration including hydrologic restoration, the hydrologic restoration focusing on rewetting of the plateau peat, including raising the moisture content in the peat by raising the groundwater level, reducing water loss including surface runoff, subsurface runoff, evaporation and the like, the hydrologic restoration focusing on meeting ecological water demand conditions of the wetland, particularly on meeting a water demand threshold in dry seasons, and the measures include:
raise water level, reduce evaporation from the ground surface and promote water quality.
4. A degraded plateau peat soil restoration method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said raising the water level includes:
reducing drainage, reducing flow rate, damming, intercepting water, burying drainage, micro-topography water stagnation, ecological water replenishment, surface water seepage and pond water storage;
the reducing the flow rate includes: introducing natural barriers, reducing the flow rate, forming a still water area, adopting a mode of stage-by-stage flooding and stage-by-stage water level lifting according to the field conditions of a water source and a water collecting area, and promoting natural coverage and peat accumulation of vegetation by combining the reduction of the flow rate;
the damming and water intercepting steps comprise: natural materials are preferentially used, and artificial materials are selectively used in steep or places where the natural materials cannot meet the requirements, so that the basic principle of minimum damage to natural environment is adopted; the stability of the dam body is fully considered in the design of the dam body form, so that the dam break phenomenon is prevented; considering the influence of storm conditions on a catchment area, selecting a proper engineering point; according to the previous empirical summary, the dam body forms mainly comprise a low dam and a permeable dam, and the section permeable dam body with larger water flow takes the binge gabion form into consideration; according to the location conditions and the accessibility of transportation, the construction cost is considered, the construction time of the dam is determined, the entering of materials is mainly in winter, and the ecological influence on the field is reduced;
the landfill drainage includes: burying shallow and narrow ditches on the gentle slope by using highly degraded peat;
the micro-topography stagnant water includes: the method comprises the steps of constructing micro-terrains through an implant, adopting a terrace mode to incline peat soil, intercepting stepped water storage, and creating surface water stagnation conditions, wherein the implant comprises a water baffle and/or peat stems;
the ecological water supplementing comprises the following steps: for the region with desertification trend caused by wetland degradation, water is adopted to irrigate and recover vegetation, a water diversion source is mainly based on nearby natural river curves, ecological water is supplemented to the swamp meadow degradation region in the dry season of the recovery period, and the vegetation degradation succession trend is restrained;
the surface water seepage comprises: for severe degradation areas caused by peat degradation, the compacted peat layer is removed, or holes are punched to penetrate through the watertight peat surface layer so as to promote surface runoff and rainwater infiltration downwards;
the pool water storage includes: in a negative terrain area with high groundwater level, the turf transplanting means is adopted to excavate the turf layer on the surface layer to reduce the ground surface elevation, so as to form a 'reservoir', water storage is carried out in rainy season, and the area of the 'reservoir' is not more than 30m 2 The depth is smaller than 40cm of the water level before underground.
5. The method of restoration of degraded highland peat according to claim 3, wherein the reducing the evapotranspiration of the surface of the earth includes: low water consumption plant cultivation, microclimate construction and earth surface coverage;
the low water plant growing includes: screening low-consumption water grass seeds, and planting the low-consumption water grass seeds by embedding propagules, transplanting plug seedlings or sowing seeds;
the microclimate construction includes: the biological windshields are added on the step marshes at the windward side, so that the wind erosion hazard is reduced;
the earth's surface covering includes: on the basis of reasonably planning a grazing road, vegetation recovery is carried out on the bare or low-density vegetation coverage area, particularly on the uphill area and the areas on the two sides of the grazing road through diversion measures, and the surface coverage is increased.
6. The degraded highland peat restoration method according to claim 3, wherein the water quality improvement includes:
the overpasture is reduced, the animal carrying amount is controlled, and the eutrophication of the surface water is reduced; a buffer area is established near the traffic trunk area, vegetation coverage is increased, grazing is reduced, and pollutants are intercepted by using the vegetation; the area close to the human settlement area is discharged after passing through water treatment facilities after reaching standards, and water pollution caused by direct discharge of pollution is strictly forbidden.
7. The degraded highland peat restoration method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein in S5, the evaluation of the current restoration result comprises:
evaluating the influence of the current repair engineering on physical and chemical properties of underground water, vegetation and soil;
evaluating the influence of the current repair engineering on the microbial diversity of the wetland; and
and simulating and evaluating the water erosion prevention and control effect of the current repair engineering.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310709060.XA CN116871309A (en) | 2023-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | Degraded plateau peat field recovery method |
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| CN202310709060.XA CN116871309A (en) | 2023-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | Degraded plateau peat field recovery method |
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| CN116871309A true CN116871309A (en) | 2023-10-13 |
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