CN116859519A - Optical fiber Sagnac interference ring with twisted polarization axis - Google Patents
Optical fiber Sagnac interference ring with twisted polarization axis Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29347—Loop interferometers, e.g. Sagnac, loop mirror
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
- G02B6/2843—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals the couplers having polarisation maintaining or holding properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
- H01S3/06783—Amplifying coupler
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06791—Fibre ring lasers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber Sagnac interference ring with twisted polarization axis, which consists of a polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber stretcher and a laser transmission or amplification module. The polarization maintaining fiber coupler with two output fibers in cross welding is adopted to form a Sagnac ring with twisted polarization axis, the fiber stretcher and the laser transmission or amplification module are arranged in the ring, wherein the 90-degree welding point and the fiber stretcher are combined to introduce phase shift difference caused by the twisted polarization axis, the transmissivity of the Sagnac ring is dynamically adjusted, and the application field of the Sagnac ring is expanded. The output coupling ratio of the laser can be continuously adjusted by applying the device to a continuous light laser. When the device is applied to a mode-locked laser, the device can simulate a flexible and adjustable saturated absorption effect and realize the self-starting of mode-locked pulse. The Sagnac interference ring has the advantages of simple design, low cost, good adjustability and the like, and has great practical value and application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lasers, in particular to an optical fiber Sagnac interference ring with a twisted polarization axis.
Background
The Sagnac interference ring has undergone rapid development and improvement since the first proposal in 1913. As a typical co-path interferometer, the Sagnac interferometer has the advantage of not having to perform phase control between different paths and of being less wavelength dependent, which characteristics make it very suitable for applications requiring accurate and stable interferometry. Optical fiber Sagnac interferometers have higher sensitivity, accuracy, and stability than other types of Sagnac interferometers, and are thus widely used in navigation, communication, sensing, and laser systems.
In all applications, fiber Sagnac interferometric rings that use the Nonlinear optical properties of single-mode fibers as artificially saturable absorbers are widely used in laser systems for mode locking and pulse shaping (see Doran N J, wood D. "Nonlinear-optical loop mirror," Opt. Lett.13 (1), 56-58 (1988)). This technique is also known as Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror (NOLM) or Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror (NALM). The mode-locked fiber laser based on NOLM/NALM has the advantages of high damage threshold, long-term reliability and the like, so that the mode-locked fiber laser has been successfully commercialized and is widely applied not only in laboratories but also in special application environments such as space.
In addition, the filter formed by the fiber Sagnac ring is applied to a laser system, so that the multi-Wavelength output can be realized (see Wang S, LV M, zheng YX and Chen X, "Wavelength-spacing-controllable multi-Wavelength fiber laser based on a Lyot-Sagnac filter," appl. Optics 57 (30), 8845-8850 (2018)), and the multi-parameter regulation of the number of wavelengths, the Channel spacing, the laser line width and the like can be realized (see Wang W, meng HY, wu XW, wang W, xue HC, tan CH and Huang XG, "Three Channel-spacing Switchable Multiwavelength Fiber Laser with Two Segments of Polarization-maintaining Fiber," IEEE Photonics technologies technology 4 (6), 470-472 (2012)). These applications make fiber Sagnac interferometric rings play an important role in laser systems and provide powerful support for the development and application of laser technology.
Although fiber Sagnac interference rings find wide application in laser systems, even some applications have been industrialized, there are drawbacks to be considered. Including fixed technical parameters and limited adjustment of the transmission of the fiber Sagnac interference ring. In the Sagnac interference loop, the adjustment of the transmissivity is achieved by controlling the phase shift difference between the clockwise and counterclockwise propagating beams. Currently, a fixed linear phase shift is introduced mainly by adding a phase shift device at a specific position in the cavity or a nonlinear phase shift difference is introduced by nonlinear effects.
However, these methods have limitations in achieving continuous transmittance adjustment under specific structures, the extent of adjustment being constrained by linear and nonlinear effects. This makes it difficult to flexibly adjust the transmittance of the Sagnac loop to meet various practical demands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical fiber Sagnac interference ring with twisted polarization axis, which provides a simple and flexible adjustable linear bias under the condition of not increasing the complexity of a system, and flexibly adjusts the transmission function of the Sagnac interference ring so as to realize any transmissivity output of the optical fiber Saganc interference ring, and is described in detail below:
an optical fiber Sagnac interference ring that is polarization axis twisted, said optical fiber Sagnac interference ring comprising: a polarization maintaining fiber coupler, a fiber stretcher and a laser transmission or amplification module,
two output optical fibers of the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler are connected to form a Sagnac ring, and one of the two output optical fiber connecting points is formed by crossing and welding a fast axis and a slow axis of the polarization maintaining optical fiber; the optical fiber stretcher and the laser transmission or amplification module are arranged in the ring; the fiber stretcher adjusts the arm length of the Sagnac loop.
The polarization maintaining fiber coupler is capable of transmitting light in both a fast axis and a slow axis.
Wherein, the cross welding angle is 90 degrees, and the welding angle deviation is + -10 degrees.
Further, a fiber stretcher and a laser transmission or amplification module are placed in the Sagnac loop, and the fiber stretcher is placed on one side of the 90 ° fusion point.
Further, the optical fiber length at one side of the 90-degree fusion point is adjusted through the optical fiber stretcher, and the clockwise and anticlockwise phase difference is arbitrarily adjusted within the adjustable range of the optical fiber length, so that the arbitrary transmissivity is obtained.
The laser transmission or amplification module is an energy-transmitting optical fiber or an optical fiber amplifier.
Further, the laser transmission or amplification module is a fiber amplifier, comprising: a combination of a pump source, a gain medium and an energy-transfer optical fiber; or a combination of pump source, gain medium, energy-conducting fiber and dispersion compensating fiber.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention designs the optical fiber Sagnac interference ring with arbitrary transmissivity, has the advantages of simple design, low cost, good adjustability and the like, and is a novel optical fiber Sagnac interference ring;
2. the invention utilizes the polarization maintaining fiber coupler connected with two output fibers to form a simple Sagnac ring, and realizes the dynamic adjustment of the transmissivity of the Sagnac ring through the combination effect of the 90-degree fusion point and the fiber stretcher, thereby obtaining any transmissivity output;
3. compared with the traditional Sagnac interference ring, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, good adjustability and the like, and is suitable for a laser system based on an optical fiber Sagnac interference ring structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polarization axis twisted fiber Sagnac interferometer ring frame according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frame for implementing continuous laser output coupling ratio adjustment by a polarization axis twisted fiber Sagnac interference ring according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a transmittance curve test for realizing continuous laser output coupling ratio adjustment by using a polarization axis twisted fiber Sagnac interference ring according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of a laser frame for realizing mode-locking self-starting by adjusting the transmittance of a polarization axis twisted fiber Sagnac interference ring according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of a laser transmission or amplification system according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a laser output pulse sequence for realizing mode locking self-starting by adjusting the transmittance of a polarization axis twisted optical fiber Sagnac interference ring according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical fiber Sagnac interference ring twisted by a polarization axis, referring to fig. 1, the optical fiber Sagnac interference ring includes: a polarization maintaining fiber coupler 1, a fiber stretcher 2 and a laser transmission or amplification module 3.
The two output optical fibers of the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 1 are connected to form a Sagnac ring, and one of the two output optical fiber connecting points is formed by the cross welding of the fast axis and the slow axis of the polarization maintaining optical fiber; the optical fiber stretcher 2 and the laser transmission or amplification module 3 are arranged in the ring; the fiber stretcher 2 can adjust the arm length of the Sagnac loop.
The polarization maintaining fiber coupler 1 is a polarization maintaining fiber coupler capable of transmitting light in both two axes (fast axis and slow axis).
The optical fibers used in the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 1 are polarization maintaining optical fibers, and two output optical fibers are connected. When the optical fiber Sagnac interference ring with twisted polarization axis is used for ultra-short pulse transmission, the optical paths of the clockwise and the anticlockwise are approximately equal, so that the phenomenon that the clockwise and the anticlockwise pulses cannot interfere due to walk-off is avoided.
Among the two output optical fiber connection points of the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 1, one connection point is formed by intersecting and butt welding a slow axis of the polarization maintaining optical fiber on one side of the welding point and a fast axis of the polarization maintaining optical fiber on the other side, namely, the welding angle is 90 degrees, and the welding angle deviation is +/-10 degrees.
The fiber stretcher 2 and the laser transmission or amplification module 3 are placed within the Sagnac loop. The optical fiber stretcher 2 is placed on one side of the 90 ° fusion point.
Wherein the optical fiber stretcher 2 continuously or nearly continuously adjusts the length of the optical fiber by stretching the optical fiber by applying stress or changing the temperature, etc.
The optical fiber length at one side of the 90-degree fusion point is adjusted by the optical fiber stretcher 2, so that the clockwise and anticlockwise phase difference can be arbitrarily adjusted within the adjustable range of the optical fiber length, and the arbitrary transmissivity can be obtained.
The laser transmission or amplification module 3 may be an energy-conducting fiber or a fiber amplifier. And if the fiber is an energy-transmitting fiber, the fiber is used for laser energy transmission. In the case of an optical fiber amplifier, the optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying an optical signal. The optical fiber amplifier can be a Raman optical fiber amplifier or a rare earth doped optical fiber amplifier.
The laser transmission or amplification module 3, in the case of an optical fiber amplifier, comprises: a combination of a pump source, a gain medium and an energy-transfer optical fiber; or a combination of pump source, gain medium, energy-conducting fiber and dispersion compensating fiber.
Among the two output optical fiber connection points of the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 1, the welding angle of one connection point is 90 degrees, which is different from the 0-degree counter-shaft welding of the ordinary polarization maintaining optical fiber and is used for switching the polarization of light in the fast and slow axes of the polarization maintaining optical fiber. Due to the existence of the 90-degree fusion joint, clockwise and anticlockwise light can be transmitted in the optical fiber through the fast and slow axes with different lengths, so that the difference of refractive indexes of the fast and slow axes brings about the difference of clockwise and anticlockwise phases, the constant transmissivity different from the transmissivity at the time of 0-degree fusion joint is obtained, and the value of the transmissivity is determined by the difference of the lengths of the two ends of the 90-degree fusion joint. By combining the optical fiber stretcher to adjust the optical fiber length at one side of the 90-degree fusion point, the clockwise and anticlockwise phase difference can be arbitrarily adjusted within the adjustable range of the optical fiber length adjusting device, and the arbitrary transmissivity can be obtained.
Specifically, the transmittance of the Sagnac loop can be expressed as:
T＝1-2α(1-α){1+cos(φ L )}
wherein, alpha: (1-alpha) is the spectral ratio, phi of a 2 x 2 coupler L Is a linear phase shift difference in the clockwise direction.
In particular, in a Sagnac ring with twisted polarization axis L Can be expressed as:
φ L ＝k·(n 1 L 1 +n 2 L 2 -n 2 L 1 -n 1 L 2 )＝k·(n 1 -n 2 )(L 1 -L 2 )
where k is the light transmission constant, n 1 ，n 2 Respectively has a refractive index of a fast axis and a slow axis, and n 1 <n 2 ,L 1 And L 2 Respectively clockwiseThe direction is from the polarization maintaining fiber coupler to the 90 DEG fusion point and from the 90 DEG fusion point to the length of the polarization maintaining fiber coupler 1.
Wherein, the two output optical fibers of the polarization maintaining fiber coupler 1 are connected to form a Sagnac ring. If the optical fiber Sagnac interference ring with twisted polarization axis is used for ultra-short pulse transmission, the optical paths of the clockwise and the anticlockwise are approximately equal, so that the phenomenon that the clockwise and the anticlockwise pulses cannot interfere due to walk-off is avoided.
Wherein the optical fiber stretcher 2 can continuously or nearly continuously change L by stretching the optical fiber by applying stress or changing temperature, etc 1 Or L 2 Is a length of (c).
Specifically, the optical fiber and the optical fiber device are polarization maintaining, and both the optical fiber device and the optical fiber device can transmit light in double axes (a fast axis and a slow axis).
Example 1
See fig. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frame for implementing continuous laser output coupling ratio adjustment by a polarization axis twisted fiber Sagnac interferometer ring according to an embodiment of the invention. Comprising the following steps: the continuous laser 4 is used as a light source, the central wavelength of the continuous laser is 1550nm, the polarization maintaining fiber coupler 1, the fiber stretcher 2 and the laser transmission or amplification module 3 form a polarization torsion Sagnac ring, the laser transmission or amplification module 3 is an energy transmission fiber, and the test port 5 is used for testing the transmittance of the cavity. The coupler is 1550nm polarization maintaining fiber coupler 1 with 50:50 spectral ratio. One of the two output optical fiber connection points of the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 1 is a 90-degree fusion point. The optical fiber stretcher 2 used was an optical fiber stretching apparatus, and the transmittance was continuously changed by stretching the optical fiber, to obtain a transmittance curve test chart of fig. 3. The continuous light output coupling ratio adjusting scheme has flexible wavelength, simple structure and good adjustability.
Example 2
See fig. 2 and 3. Fig. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of a frame for realizing mode-locking self-starting of a laser by adjusting the transmittance of a polarization axis twisted fiber Sagnac interference ring according to an embodiment of the present invention. The polarization torsion optical fiber Sagnac ring is formed by three parts of a polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 1, an optical fiber stretcher 2 and a laser transmission or amplification module 3, wherein the laser transmission or amplification module 3 is a rare earth doped optical fiber laser. One of the two output optical fiber connection points of the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 1 is a 90-degree fusion point. The faraday rotator 4 is used to transmit light vibrating along a specific polarization axis in the polarization maintaining fiber to light vibrating along its perpendicular polarization axis, and the test port 5 is used to test the output performance of the laser.
Fig. 4 (b) is a schematic structural diagram of a laser transmission or amplification module 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wavelength division multiplexer 3.2 is used for coupling pump light and signal light, the pump source 3.1 provides proper pump laser, the gain fiber 3.3 is a rare earth ion doped fiber, and the dispersion compensation fiber 3.4 is used for controlling the net dispersion of the resonant cavity.
Wherein, polarization maintaining fiber coupler 1 links to each other with wavelength division multiplexer 3.2, and wavelength division multiplexer 3.2 includes: the common end, the signal light end and the pumping end, the pumping source 3.1 is connected with the pumping end of the wavelength division multiplexer 3.2, the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer 3.2 is connected with the gain optical fiber 3.3, the gain optical fiber 3.3 is connected with the dispersion compensation optical fiber 3.4, the dispersion compensation optical fiber 3.4 is connected with a 90-degree fusion point, the 90-degree fusion point is connected with the optical fiber stretcher 2, the optical fiber stretcher 2 is connected with the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 1, the above parts are all in a Sagnac ring, the Sagnac environment-friendly polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler 1 is connected with the Faraday optical mirror 4, and the mode locking optical fiber laser with a twisted polarization axis is integrally formed.
Thus, the optical fiber is continuously changed through the optical fiber stretcher 2, and the transmissivity is continuously changed, so that the mode locking self-starting can be realized under the condition that a non-reciprocal phase shifter is not needed, and the output pulse sequence of fig. 5 is obtained. The mode locking self-starting scheme is flexible in wavelength, simple in structure and good in adjustability.
The embodiment of the invention does not limit the types of other devices except the types of the devices, so long as the devices can complete the functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are schematic representations of only one preferred embodiment, and that the above-described embodiment numbers are merely for illustration purposes and do not represent advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An optical fiber Sagnac interference ring that is polarization axis twisted, said optical fiber Sagnac interference ring comprising: a polarization maintaining fiber coupler, a fiber stretcher and a laser transmission or amplification module,
two output optical fibers of the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler are connected to form a Sagnac ring, and one of the two output optical fiber connecting points is formed by crossing and welding a fast axis and a slow axis of the polarization maintaining optical fiber; the optical fiber stretcher and the laser transmission or amplification module are arranged in the ring; the fiber stretcher adjusts the arm length of the Sagnac loop.
2. The optical fiber Sagnac interference ring with twisted polarization axis according to claim 1, wherein the polarization maintaining fiber coupler is a polarization maintaining fiber coupler with both fast axis and slow axis light passing, and the in-ring optical fiber is a polarization maintaining fiber.
3. The polarization axis twisted fiber Sagnac interference ring of claim 1 wherein the fusion angle of the cross fusion splice is 90 ° and the fusion angle deviation is ± 10 °.
4. The polarization axis twisted fiber Sagnac interference ring of claim 1, wherein the fiber stretcher and the laser transmission or amplification module are placed within the Sagnac ring, and the fiber stretcher is placed on one side of the 90 ° fusion splice.
5. The optical fiber Sagnac interference ring twisted by a polarization axis according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber length at one side of the 90 ° fusion point is continuously or nearly continuously adjusted by an optical fiber stretcher, and the clockwise and counterclockwise phase differences are adjusted within the adjustment range of the optical fiber length to obtain an arbitrary transmittance.
6. The fiber Sagnac interference ring twisted about its polarization axis as recited in claim 1, wherein the laser transmission or amplification module is an energy-transfer fiber or fiber amplifier.
7. The polarization axis twisted fiber Sagnac interference ring as defined in claim 1, wherein the laser transmission or amplification module is a fiber amplifier comprising: a combination of a pump source, a gain medium and an energy-transfer optical fiber; or a combination of pump source, gain medium, energy-conducting fiber and dispersion compensating fiber.
8. The polarization-axis-twisted optical fiber Sagnac interference ring of claim 1, wherein the clockwise and counterclockwise optical paths are approximately equal when the polarization-axis-twisted optical fiber Sagnac interference ring is used for ultra-short pulse transmission.
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