CN116858934A - Air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type detection method - Google Patents
Air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116858934A CN116858934A CN202310763880.7A CN202310763880A CN116858934A CN 116858934 A CN116858934 A CN 116858934A CN 202310763880 A CN202310763880 A CN 202310763880A CN 116858934 A CN116858934 A CN 116858934A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003447 ipsilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
- G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0231—Composite or layered materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type detection method, which relates to the technical field of air coupling ultrasonic detection and has the technical scheme that: the method comprises the following steps: s1: arranging the transmitting end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer and the receiving end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer at the same side of the bonding structure at the same angle theta, and fixing the sound-absorbing foam sheet between the two transducers; s2: transmitting ultrasonic longitudinal waves into a first layer of medium of the bonding structure, and exciting ultrasonic transverse waves in the first layer of medium; s3: when the transverse wave reaches the bonding interface, reflection occurs, and the air coupling transducer at the receiving end receives an interface reflection wave signal from the bonding interface; s4: and placing the two air-coupled ultrasonic transducers on an ultrasonic C-scanning platform through a clamp, and carrying out ultrasonic same-side reflection type C-scanning detection. The invention adopts a point-to-point oblique incidence ultrasonic C scanning method, and can detect the whole material only by knowing the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the transverse wave sound velocity of the material, thereby more meeting the actual detection requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air coupling ultrasonic detection, in particular to an air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type detection method.
Background
The bonding structure is widely applied to a solid rocket engine (SRM) shell structure due to the characteristics of high specific strength and specific modulus, excellent damping performance, simple process and the like. The quality of the bond structure between the SRM housing and the insulation layer directly affects the service performance and reliability of the weapon equipment.
However, the conventional ultrasonic detection method needs to apply a liquid coupling agent on the test piece, and the surface of the composite shell of the SRM is prohibited from applying liquid, so that the composite shell of the SRM cannot detect the liquid by adopting conventional ultrasonic. The air coupling ultrasonic device does not need to smear any liquid couplant on the test piece, and has the characteristics of non-contact, no damage to the detection piece and the like; the air coupling penetration method has high energy and simple operation, but the transducers are required to be arranged on two sides of the shell, which is difficult to realize in the actual detection of the SRM shell and cannot realize in-service detection; the air coupling oblique incidence method has higher sensitivity and transmittance, and can arrange the energy converters on the same side of the shell, thus realizing in-service detection; in the oblique incidence method, detection is performed by using guided waves, but the use of guided waves requires calculation of a dispersion curve of a material and modal recognition of waveforms, so that a detector is too complicated to analyze waveforms, defects near the edges of the material are difficult to detect, and defect imaging is very inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides an air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type detection method, which uses air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type C scanning to detect air debonding defects of an SRM composite material shell bonding structure.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an air-coupled ultrasonic same-side reflection type detection method comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging the transmitting end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer and the receiving end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer at the same side of the bonding structure at the same angle theta, and fixing the sound-absorbing foam sheet between the two air-coupled ultrasonic transducers;
s2: an ultrasonic longitudinal wave is emitted by an air-coupled ultrasonic transducer at the emitting end and enters a first medium layer of the bonding structure, and an ultrasonic transverse wave is excited in the first medium layer;
s3: when the transverse wave reaches the bonding interface, reflection occurs, and the air coupling transducer at the receiving end receives an interface reflection wave signal from the bonding interface at the same reflection angle as the incident angle;
s4: placing two air-coupled ultrasonic transducers on an ultrasonic C-scanning platform through a clamp, and carrying out ultrasonic same-side reflection type C-scanning detection; if the detected image has a debonding defect, the characteristic value of the interface reflected wave signal of the defect area is larger than a reference value.
The invention is further provided with: the angle theta in the S1 is determined by the following method:
calculating a first critical angle:
wherein: alpha is a first critical angle, °;
C 0 the ultrasonic speed in the air is m/s;
C 1 the ultrasonic longitudinal wave speed in the upper medium is m/s;
calculating a second critical angle:
wherein: beta is a second critical angle, °;
C 0 is the ultrasonic wave velocity in the airDegree, m/s;
C 2 the ultrasonic transverse wave speed in the upper medium is m/s;
the angle theta is as follows: alpha < theta < beta.
The invention is further provided with: the distance between the transmitting end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer and the receiving end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer is L, and the distance L is determined by the following method:
L＝2htanθ+2dtanλ (3)
wherein: h is the vertical distance from the midpoint of the surface of the air-coupled ultrasonic transducer to the surface of the upper medium, and mm;
d is the thickness of the upper medium, mm;
λ is the angle of refraction of the transverse wave in the upper medium, °;
wherein λ is determined by the following formula:
C 0 the ultrasonic speed in the air is m/s;
C 2 is the ultrasonic transverse wave speed in the upper medium, m/s.
The invention is further provided with: the sound-absorbing foam sheet is made of a material with a strong attenuation effect on sound waves, and the thickness R of the sound-absorbing foam sheet meets the following conditions:
R<2dtanλ (5)
wherein: d is the thickness of the upper medium, mm;
λ is the angle of refraction of the transverse wave in the upper medium.
The invention is further provided with: the ultrasonic C scanning imaging in the step S4 is specifically realized by the following method:
the device is arranged at a certain detection point, and the received reflected wave signal of the bonding interface is as follows:
v＝f(t) (6)
wherein: v is the amplitude of the received interface reflected wave signal, V;
t is the time of ultrasonic propagation, s;
taking the maximum value of V as the characteristic value of the interface reflected wave signal of the detection point, and marking the characteristic value as V, namely:
V＝max(v) (7)
in the process of oblique ultrasonic C scanning of the bonding structure, for each detection point (x, y), a V value corresponds to the detection point (x, y), namely V is a function of the detection point (x, y) and is recorded as:
V＝V(x,y) (8)
the method comprises the steps of taking a V value as a characteristic value, manufacturing a detection image of air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type C scanning, wherein coordinates of pixels in the detection image correspond to coordinates of detection points, and colors of the pixels are represented by the V value; and taking the average value of the values of the good bonding areas as a reference, and if an air debonding defect exists at the bonding interface of a certain area in the detection image, the V value of the detection image of the area is larger than the reference value.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention detects the air debonding defect of the SRM composite material shell bonding structure by using the air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type C scanning, and the point-to-point oblique incidence ultrasonic C scanning method can detect the whole material only by knowing the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the transverse wave sound velocity of the material, thereby more meeting the actual detection requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an air-coupled ultrasound ipsilateral reflection detection method in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a test piece of an adhesive structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a physical diagram of an air-coupled ultrasound ipsilateral reflection detection method in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the bond good zone signal in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of air debonding region time domain signals in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an ultrasonic C-scan test result in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the transmitting end is coupled with the ultrasonic transducer in an air way; 2. the receiving end is coupled with the ultrasonic transducer through air; 3. an upper medium; 4. a lower medium; 5. an adhesive interface; 6. a sound absorbing foam sheet; 7. incident ultrasonic longitudinal waves; 8. the surface of the upper medium emits waves; 9. transverse waves in the upper medium; 10. the interface reflects the wave signal.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings, wherein it is to be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely exemplary of some, but not all, of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Examples:
an air-coupled ultrasonic same-side reflection type detection method comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging the transmitting end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer and the receiving end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer at the same side of the bonding structure at the same angle theta, and fixing the sound-absorbing foam sheet between the two air-coupled ultrasonic transducers;
the angle θ is determined by the following method:
calculating a first critical angle:
wherein: alpha is a first critical angle, °;
C 0 the ultrasonic speed in the air is m/s;
C 1 the ultrasonic longitudinal wave speed in the upper medium is m/s;
calculating a second critical angle:
wherein: beta is a second critical angle, °;
C 0 the ultrasonic speed in the air is m/s;
C 2 the ultrasonic transverse wave speed in the upper medium is m/s;
the angle θ is: alpha < theta < beta.
The distance between the transmitting end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer and the receiving end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer is L, and the distance L is determined by the following method:
L＝2htanθ+2dtanλ (3)
wherein: h is the vertical distance from the midpoint of the surface of the air-coupled ultrasonic transducer to the surface of the upper medium, and mm;
d is the thickness of the upper medium, mm;
λ is the angle of refraction of the transverse wave in the upper medium, °;
wherein λ is determined by the following formula:
C 0 the ultrasonic speed in the air is m/s;
C 2 is the ultrasonic transverse wave speed in the upper medium, m/s.
The acoustic foam sheet is made of a material having a strong attenuation effect on sound waves, typically as follows: the pearl foam is used for shielding a large amount of ultrasonic waves from a transmitting transducer scattered in the air and reflected waves generated when the incident waves reach the upper surface of the first medium layer, but the reflected waves generated by the bonding interface cannot be completely shielded, and the thickness R of the sound-absorbing foam sheet meets the following conditions:
R<2dtanλ (5)
wherein: d is the thickness of the upper medium, mm;
λ is the angle of refraction of the transverse wave in the upper medium.
S2: an ultrasonic longitudinal wave is emitted by an air-coupled ultrasonic transducer at the emitting end and enters a first medium layer of the bonding structure, and an ultrasonic transverse wave is excited in the first medium layer;
s3: when the transverse wave reaches the bonding interface, reflection occurs, and the air coupling transducer at the receiving end receives an interface reflection wave signal from the bonding interface at the same reflection angle as the incident angle;
s4: placing two air-coupled ultrasonic transducers on an ultrasonic C-scanning platform through a clamp, and carrying out ultrasonic same-side reflection type C-scanning detection; if the detected image has a debonding defect, the characteristic value of the interface reflected wave signal of the defect area is larger than a reference value, specifically:
the device is arranged at a certain detection point, and the received reflected wave signal of the bonding interface is as follows:
v＝f(t) (6)
wherein: v is the amplitude of the received interface reflected wave signal, V;
t is the time of ultrasonic propagation, s;
taking the maximum value of V as the characteristic value of the interface reflected wave signal of the detection point, and marking the characteristic value as V, namely:
V＝max(v) (7)
in the process of oblique ultrasonic C scanning of the bonding structure, for each detection point (x, y), a V value corresponds to the detection point (x, y), namely V is a function of the detection point (x, y) and is recorded as:
V＝V(x,y) (8)
the method comprises the steps of taking a V value as a characteristic value, manufacturing a detection image of air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type C scanning, wherein coordinates of pixels in the detection image correspond to coordinates of detection points, and colors of the pixels are represented by the V value; and taking the average value of the values of the good bonding areas as a reference, and if an air debonding defect exists at the bonding interface of a certain area in the detection image, the V value of the detection image of the area is larger than the reference value.
Specific application example:
as shown in FIG. 2, the test piece is an adhesion structure of a composite material (glass fiber/epoxy) and nitrile rubber, the size is 280mm multiplied by 280mm, the thickness of the composite material layer is 5mm, the thickness of the rubber is 2mm, the longitudinal wave sound velocity of the composite material is about 2630m/s, and the transverse wave sound velocity of the composite material is about 1314m/s. Three air debonding defects are manually prefabricated between the composite material and the rubber, wherein the sizes of the air debonding defects are respectively 20mm multiplied by 20mm,30mm multiplied by 30mm,40mm multiplied by 40mm, and the sound velocity in the air is about 340m/s.
Calculated first critical angle of the composite materialSecond critical angleWe choose 12 degree as incident angle to make experiment, then the upper medium transverse wave refraction angle lambda is 53.5 degree, foam plate thickness R<2dtan λ=13.5 mm, so we choose the foam board thickness to be 8mm. The distance from the center of the transducers to the surface of the first layer of medium is 85mm, the calculated center transverse distance of the two transducers is L=2htanθ+2dtanλ=49.6 mm, and the experimental device is placed as shown in fig. 3;
the method comprises the steps that a clamp is used for enabling incidence angles of an air-coupled ultrasonic transducer at a transmitting end and an air-coupled ultrasonic transducer at a receiving end to be 12 degrees, enabling the transverse distance between centers of the two transducers to be 49.6mm, moving the clamp to enable an intersection point of acoustic beam axes of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer to be in a good bonding area, enabling the maximum amplitude value of a reflected wave signal at the interface of the good bonding area to be about 0.045, and collecting time domain signals as shown in figure 4;
the incidence angle and the transverse distance between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer are kept unchanged, the clamp is moved, the intersection point of the sound beam axes of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer is positioned in an air viscosity breaking area, the maximum amplitude of a reflected wave signal at the interface of the air viscosity breaking area is about 0.14, the maximum amplitude of the reflected wave signal is obviously higher than the amplitude of a signal in a well-bonded area, and the acquired time domain signal is shown in figure 5;
and (3) taking the maximum amplitude of the interface reflected wave signal as a characteristic value, performing air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type C scanning detection, and finally obtaining a detection image shown in fig. 6.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type detection method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging the transmitting end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer and the receiving end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer at the same side of the bonding structure at the same angle theta, and fixing the sound-absorbing foam sheet between the two air-coupled ultrasonic transducers;
s2: an ultrasonic longitudinal wave is emitted by an air-coupled ultrasonic transducer at the emitting end and enters a first medium layer of the bonding structure, and an ultrasonic transverse wave is excited in the first medium layer;
s3: when the transverse wave reaches the bonding interface, reflection occurs, and the air coupling transducer at the receiving end receives an interface reflection wave signal from the bonding interface at the same reflection angle as the incident angle;
s4: placing two air-coupled ultrasonic transducers on an ultrasonic C-scanning platform through a clamp, and carrying out ultrasonic same-side reflection type C-scanning detection; if the detected image has a debonding defect, the characteristic value of the interface reflected wave signal of the defect area is larger than a reference value.
2. The air-coupled ultrasonic ipsilateral reflection detection method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the angle theta in the S1 is determined by the following method:
calculating a first critical angle:
wherein: alpha is a first critical angle, °;
C 0 the ultrasonic speed in the air is m/s;
C 1 the ultrasonic longitudinal wave speed in the upper medium is m/s;
calculating a second critical angle:
wherein: beta is a second critical angle, °;
C 0 the ultrasonic speed in the air is m/s;
C 2 the ultrasonic transverse wave speed in the upper medium is m/s;
the angle theta is as follows: alpha < theta < beta.
3. The air-coupled ultrasonic ipsilateral reflection detection method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the distance between the transmitting end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer and the receiving end air-coupled ultrasonic transducer is L, and the distance L is determined by the following method:
L＝2htanθ+2dtanλ (3)
wherein: h is the vertical distance from the midpoint of the surface of the air-coupled ultrasonic transducer to the surface of the upper medium, and mm;
d is the thickness of the upper medium, mm;
λ is the angle of refraction of the transverse wave in the upper medium, °;
wherein λ is determined by the following formula:
C 0 the ultrasonic speed in the air is m/s;
C 2 is the ultrasonic transverse wave speed in the upper medium, m/s.
4. The air-coupled ultrasonic ipsilateral reflection detection method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sound-absorbing foam sheet is made of a material with a strong attenuation effect on sound waves, and the thickness R of the sound-absorbing foam sheet meets the following conditions:
R<2dtanλ (5)
wherein: d is the thickness of the upper medium, mm;
λ is the angle of refraction of the transverse wave in the upper medium.
5. The air-coupled ultrasonic ipsilateral reflection detection method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ultrasonic C scanning imaging in the step S4 is specifically realized by the following method:
the device is arranged at a certain detection point, and the received reflected wave signal of the bonding interface is as follows:
v＝f(t) (6)
wherein: v is the amplitude of the received interface reflected wave signal, V;
t is the time of ultrasonic propagation, s;
taking the maximum value of V as the characteristic value of the interface reflected wave signal of the detection point, and marking the characteristic value as V, namely:
V＝max(v) (7)
in the process of oblique ultrasonic C scanning of the bonding structure, for each detection point (x, y), a V value corresponds to the detection point (x, y), namely V is a function of the detection point (x, y) and is recorded as:
V＝V(x,y) (8)
the method comprises the steps of taking a V value as a characteristic value, manufacturing a detection image of air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type C scanning, wherein coordinates of pixels in the detection image correspond to coordinates of detection points, and colors of the pixels are represented by the V value; and taking the average value of the values of the good bonding areas as a reference, and if an air debonding defect exists at the bonding interface of a certain area in the detection image, the V value of the detection image of the area is larger than the reference value.
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| CN202310763880.7A CN116858934A (en) | 2023-06-27 | 2023-06-27 | Air coupling ultrasonic same-side reflection type detection method |
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