CN116855837A - 一种中碳风电螺套用钢的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种中碳风电螺套用钢的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/58—Roll-force control; Roll-gap control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
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- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种中碳风电螺套用钢的生产方法,钢的化学组成重量百分比为:C=0.30%~0.40%、Si=0.17%~0.37%、Mn=1.00%~1.40%、Cr=1.10%~1.30%、Al=0.030%~0.070%、P≤0.030%、S≤0.030%、Cu≤0.20%、B=0.0020%~0.0060%、N≤0.0030%、O≤0.0012%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质,生产的圆钢直径为60~90mm,热处理力学性能达到10.9级以上,‑40℃下KV2冲击韧性值≥40J;工艺步骤包括转炉冶炼、LF炉精炼、RH真空处理、连铸浇注、控制轧制和缓冷。生产的中碳风电螺套用钢适用于制作圆钢直径为60‑90mm的风电螺套,且具有高强度和高韧性,热处理力学性能达到10.9级以上,‑40℃下KV2冲击韧性值≥40J,疲劳性能和耐氢致延迟断裂性能优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域,涉及一种中碳风电螺套用钢的生产方法。
背景技术
随着人们保护环境的意识不断增强,开始寻求新型的发电方式来代替传统的发电方式。风能作为清洁能源的一种,其对于环保和气候改善的作用非常重要,是受到世界各国重视的可再生能源之一。风力发电技术是成熟并具有规模的发电方式,具有良好的开发条件和商业发展前景。中国具有辽阔的国土面积,且具有世界最长的海岸线,风能资源丰富。在巨大的风电市场中,政策的引导加快了开发中东部和南方地区的陆上风能资源及海上风能资源。目前,风电已成为中国第三大电源。
风电技术快速发展离不开一套健全的风电制造供应链,这条供应链几乎包括所有风电机组部件的制造生产的基础设施,包括高强度风电用紧固件合结钢棒材,主要钢种为42CrMoA和42CrMo(Ni)、B7、4140等,需求量每年大约15万吨左右,是紧固件用钢中的高端品种,它体现了一个钢厂的紧固件用钢生产稳定性以及控制的水平。该类钢调质后具有很好的高温和低温综合机械性能,可用来制做重要用途的锚栓、螺栓、螺套等零件。
目前已有技术对风电螺套用钢大规格φ60mm以上提高Mo、Ni为主要研究方向,通过提高Mo、Ni合金的含量来提高螺套的机械性能。如《CN202310050266.6一种风电叶片预埋螺套用钢及其生产方法》中主要通过提高碳、添加钼等元素来提高机械性能。因此,如能对风电螺套包括叶片预埋螺套,连接风电塔基与叶片等用圆钢生产的进一步研究,特别是在42CrMoA系列与B7、4140等含Mo合金结构钢成本较高的前提下,开发一种成本较低且同等性能的钢种来满足用户的使用要求,具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种中碳风电螺套用钢的制造方法,以中碳合金结构钢为设计基础,通过创造的的化学组成设计与工艺改造,充分利用细晶强化及终轧阶段奥氏体的再结晶,细化原始奥氏体晶粒度,同时提高低成本元素含量,降低成本的同时,有效提高材料的淬透性问题,满足大规格螺套机械性能。
本发明的技术方案:
一种中碳风电螺套用钢的生产方法,钢的化学组成重量百分比为C=0.30~0.40%、Si=0.17~0.37%、Mn=1.00~1.40 %、Cr=1.10~1.30%、Al=0.030-0.070% 、P≤0.030%、S≤0.030%、 Cu≤0.20%、B=0.0020~0.0060%、N≤0.0030%、O≤0.0012%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质,生产的圆钢直径为60~90mm,热处理力学性能达到10.9级以上,-40℃下KV2冲击韧性值≥40J;关键工艺步骤包括:
(1)冶炼:转炉控制采用全铁冶炼,控制终点钢水目标成分C≥0.10%、P≤0.010%、N≤0.0020%,留钢出钢,禁止下氧化渣,出钢过程加入复合脱氧剂造渣脱氧;
(2)精炼:LF碱度控制在6.0~8.0,LF炉精炼结束前喂铝线,将钢水中的铝调整至0.070%~0.090%,出站前喂入钙线对钢水进行钙处理,其中开浇炉不冶炼该钢种,连浇炉喂入量120米,然后加入覆盖剂对钢水进行保护;进RH抽真空到67Pa以下保真空时间15min后破空对钢水进行定氢并控制H≤1.5ppm;出站前软吹时间25~35min;
(3)连铸:钢包到中包采用一体式保护浇铸,比水量为0.18 L/kG,中包过热度目标值20~30℃,通过配合结晶器与末端电磁搅拌减弱连铸偏析,监控铸坯内弧面中心点进拉矫机温度1 000~1100℃,铸坯尺寸为240mm×240mm×6.0m,铸坯入垛堆冷24h;
(4)轧制:控制多段式加热,预热段温度在600℃以下,高温段温度1200~1220℃,时间大于60min,第一道次与第二道次压下率大于60%;进行穿水控制轧制,超低温终轧温度650~700℃,累计压下率大于80%;
(5)轧后缓冷:轧后穿水强冷,控制上冷床温度760±30℃,冷床密排缓冷,控制出罩温度在500~550℃,快速入坑缓冷24h,控制出坑温度在100℃以下。
本发明采用冶炼成分设计、大压下、控轧及缓冷等一系列轧制新技术,突破现有材料及工艺极限,充分发挥设备优势,生产组织为珠光体+铁素体为基体,热处理后强度在1040~1170MPa,面缩在50%以上,低温冲击-40℃V型在40J以上风电螺套用钢,推进优质高合金钢的研发进程。突出特点和显著效果主要体现在:1)采用提高钢中Mn、Cr含量、合理设定钢中Al的含量来细晶强化及添加微量B提高淬透性替代合金钢中的Mo;2)采用分段式加热技术,利用高温加热扩散碳化物;3)轧后快速收集,进行缓冷,控制从730~790℃到500℃之间的缓冷速率在0.05℃/S,提高入坑温度,释放应力,确保原始组织无贝氏体等脆性组织;4)利用一般钢厂现有设备和工艺条件,在不大量增加投资和生产成本的情况下创造工艺,满足生产需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的圆钢的金相图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
中碳风电螺套用钢的制造方法,生产关键步骤包括:
(1)冶炼:得到风电螺套用钢的成品化学成分见表1,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质;
(2)LF炉精炼渣终渣碱度为6.5;RH软吹30min,出站温度为1544℃;
(3)连铸二冷比水量0.18L/KG,中包过热度24℃,监控铸坯内弧面中心点进拉矫机温度1000~1100℃,微调二冷配水;
(4)铸坯加热时间220min,预热段温度580℃,高温段温度控制在1200℃、时间65min,终轧温度680℃;
(5)轧后直接穿水冷却和控冷,进缓冷区温度770℃,出保温坑温度80℃。
实施例2
中碳风电螺套用钢的制造方法,生产关键步骤包括:
(1)冶炼得到风电螺套用钢的成品化学成分见表1,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质;
(2)LF炉精炼渣终渣碱度为7.5;RH软吹30min,出站温度为1545℃;
(3)连铸二冷比水量0.18L/KG,中包过热度25℃,监控铸坯内弧面中心点进拉矫机温度1000~1100℃,微调二冷配水;
(4)铸坯加热时间220min,预热段温度550℃,高温段温度控制在1210℃、时间65min,终轧温度680℃;
(5)轧后直接穿水冷却和控冷,进缓冷区温度770℃,出保温坑温度90℃。
实施例3
生产关键步骤包括:
(1)冶炼得到风电螺套用钢的成品化学成分见表1,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质;
(2)LF炉精炼渣终渣碱度为6.5;RH软吹30min,出站温度为1548℃;
(3)连铸二冷比水量0.18L/KG,中包过热度29℃,监控铸坯内弧面中心点进拉矫机温度1000~1100℃,微调二冷配水;
(4)铸坯加热时间250min,预热段温度500℃,高温段温度控制在1220℃、时间70min,终轧温度680℃;
(5)轧后直接穿水冷却和控冷,进缓冷区温度770℃,出保温坑温度80℃。
实施例4
中碳风电螺套用钢的制造方法,生产关键步骤包括:
(1)冶炼得到风电螺套用钢的成品化学成分见表1,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质;
(2)LF炉精炼渣终渣碱度为6.5;RH软吹30min,出站温度为1546℃;
(3)连铸二冷比水量0.18L/KG,中包过热度26℃,监控铸坯内弧面中心点进拉矫机温度1000~1100℃,微调二冷配水;
(4)铸坯加热时间250min,预热段温度500℃,高温段温度控制在1220℃、时间60min,终轧温度680℃;
(5)轧后直接穿水冷却和控冷,进缓冷区温度770℃,出保温坑温度70℃。
各实施例生产的圆钢金相组织及力学性能检测结果见表2。
表1 实施例化学成分(%)
。
表2 实施例盘条金相组织结果
。
Claims (1)
1.一种中碳风电螺套用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:钢的化学组成重量百分比为:C=0.30%~0.40%、Si=0.17%~0.37%、Mn=1.00%~1.40 %、Cr=1.10%~1.30%、Al=0.030%~0.070% 、P≤0.030%、S≤0.030%、Cu≤0.20%、B=0.0020%~0.0060%、N≤0.0030%、O≤0.0012%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质,生产的圆钢直径为60~90mm,热处理力学性能达到10.9级以上,-40℃下KV2冲击韧性值≥40J;关键工艺步骤包括:
(1)冶炼:转炉控制采用全铁冶炼,控制终点钢水目标成分C≥0.10%、P≤0.010%、N≤0.0020%,留钢出钢,禁止下氧化渣,出钢过程加入复合脱氧剂造渣脱氧;
(2)精炼:LF碱度控制在6.0~8.0,LF炉精炼结束前喂铝线,将钢水中的铝调整至0.070%~0.090%,出站前喂入钙线对钢水进行钙处理,其中开浇炉不冶炼该钢种,连浇炉喂入量120米,然后加入覆盖剂对钢水进行保护;进RH抽真空到67Pa以下保真空时间15min后破空对钢水进行定氢并控制H≤1.5ppm;出站前软吹时间25~35min;
(3)连铸:钢包到中包采用一体式保护浇铸,比水量为0.18 L/kG,中包过热度目标值20~30℃,通过配合结晶器与末端电磁搅拌减弱连铸偏析,监控铸坯内弧面中心点进拉矫机温度1 000~1100℃,铸坯尺寸为240mm×240mm×6.0m,铸坯入垛堆冷24h;
(4)轧制:控制多段式加热,预热段温度在600℃以下,高温段温度1200~1220℃,时间大于60min,第一道次与第二道次压下率大于60%;进行穿水控制轧制,超低温终轧温度650~700℃,累计压下率大于80%;
(5)轧后缓冷:轧后穿水强冷,控制上冷床温度760±30℃,冷床密排缓冷,控制出罩温度在500~550℃,快速入坑缓冷24h,控制出坑温度在100℃以下。
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