CN116849304B - Leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116849304B CN116849304B CN202311069347.7A CN202311069347A CN116849304B CN 116849304 B CN116849304 B CN 116849304B CN 202311069347 A CN202311069347 A CN 202311069347A CN 116849304 B CN116849304 B CN 116849304B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- medlar
- parts
- leaf
- crushed
- compound feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 235000017784 Mespilus germanica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 235000000560 Mimusops elengi Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 235000007837 Vangueria infausta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 240000002624 Mespilus germanica Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000182216 Mimusops elengi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 140
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- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 72
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 70
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 50
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 29
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 25
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 24
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 244000241838 Lycium barbarum Species 0.000 description 45
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 45
- 235000015468 Lycium chinense Nutrition 0.000 description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 32
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 22
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- 206010016717 Fistula Diseases 0.000 description 8
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- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 244000241872 Lycium chinense Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- PLXBWHJQWKZRKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Resazurin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)C=C2OC3=CC(O)=CC=C3[N+]([O-])=C21 PLXBWHJQWKZRKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 4
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000037208 balanced nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019046 balanced nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-methyl-butyric acid Natural products CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-alpha-tocopherylacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=CN1 XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-Methylbutanoic acid Natural products CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JWIPFJCXBAVEGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.[O-][N+]#N.O=C=O Chemical compound C.[O-][N+]#N.O=C=O JWIPFJCXBAVEGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000234643 Festuca arundinacea Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000006396 Vangueriopsis lanciflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001635 Vangueriopsis lanciflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VLSOAXRVHARBEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1CO VLSOAXRVHARBEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011869 dried fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZDGGJQMSELMHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-Trifluoromethylhippuric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ZDGGJQMSELMHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004798 organs belonging to the digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock and a preparation method thereof, wherein the leaf medlar compound feed comprises the following components in mass percent on dry matter: 20 to 30 parts of medlar crushed material for leaves, 15 to 25 parts of wheat straw crushed material, 15 to 25 parts of corn crushed material, 5 to 10 parts of bean pulp crushed material, 10 to 20 parts of bran crushed material, 2 to 4 parts of additive premix, 0.5 to 2 parts of salt, 0.5 to 2 parts of baking soda and 1 to 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate. The compound feed can improve the crude protein content and the relative feeding value, can improve the in-vitro dry matter digestibility, can improve the total volatile fatty acid content in the rumen, can reduce the acetic acid/propionic acid, methane yield, carbon dioxide yield and nitrous oxide in the rumen, can promote the digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock by the leaf medlar compound feed according to the indexes, and is scientifically prepared according to the nutrition requirements of the ruminant livestock.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ruminant livestock feed, in particular to a leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The medlar is a traditional Chinese medicinal material, is perennial shrub and spiny thorns, has the effective substances of medlar polysaccharide, total flavone, betaine and the like, has the functions of nourishing liver and kidney, promoting immunity, resisting aging and the like for human bodies, and is widely popular with people. The Chinese wolfberry is planted in a wider area in China, the planting scale in northwest areas is larger, and the planting area is as high as 6.67hm only in Ningxia 2 The annual production of dried fruits of Chinese wolfberry reaches 18 ten thousand tons, and the Chinese wolfberry industry has been regarded by Ningxia Hui autonomous region as an important pillar industry for local economic development.
The medlar used for leaves is cultivated as annual green leaf vegetables, and is one of the vegetables used as both medicine and food with extremely high nutritive value in recent years. Up to now, most of leaf-used medlar used for producing medlar sprouts and tea leaves are mainly tender buds and tender branches within 5cm to 10cm of the tips of the sprouts, and old leaves and branches thereof are not suitable for producing sprouts and tea leaves due to high fiber content, so that the utilization degree of the leaf-used medlar is low. It is reported that the crude protein content of the leaf medlar leaves is up to 30%, and the leaf medlar leaves are rich in bioactive substances such as betaine, flavonoid substances, medlar polysaccharide and the like, and various amino acids and minerals, so that the leaf medlar leaves are potential high-quality woody coarse feed resources for ruminant livestock.
In recent years, with the demands of the structure adjustment and the promotion of the high-quality development of the animal husbandry in China, the animal husbandry is taken as an important prop industry for the local economic development in many areas. Therefore, ningxia Hui autonomous region is one of the special industries for focusing on the development of beef cattle and Tan sheep, and is expected to cooperate with medlar industry for high-efficiency development. Based on the method, the research and development of the medlar for the leaf as the compound feed for ruminant livestock is not only the development requirement of medlar industry diversification, but also the shortcut for creating the brand effect of autonomous beef cattle and beach sheep.
At present, the feed for ruminant livestock is mainly silage prepared from whole silage corn, corn straw, wheat straw, alfalfa and the like, and the study on leaf medlar as a compound feed for ruminant livestock is very little.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to develop leaf medlar as a compound feed for ruminant livestock in view of the current situation that the utilization degree of old leaves and branches of leaf medlar is low in the prior art, but the current feed for ruminant livestock is mainly silage prepared from whole silage corn, corn stalk, wheat straw, alfalfa and the like, and the research on leaf medlar as a compound feed for ruminant livestock is very little. The leaf medlar compound feed for promoting the digestive metabolism of the ruminant livestock and the preparation method thereof can improve the crude protein content, the relative feeding value and the in vitro dry matter digestibility of the compound feed per unit weight, improve the total volatile fatty acid content in rumen fluid, and reduce the acetic acid/propionic acid, methane yield, carbon dioxide yield and nitrous oxide yield in rumen.
A leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock comprises the following components in terms of dry matter mass: 20 to 30 parts of medlar crushed material for leaves, 15 to 25 parts of wheat straw crushed material, 15 to 25 parts of corn crushed material, 5 to 10 parts of bean pulp crushed material, 10 to 20 parts of bran crushed material, 2 to 4 parts of additive premix, 0.5 to 2 parts of salt, 0.5 to 2 parts of baking soda and 1 to 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned wolfberry compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock, each kg of said additive premix comprises 80000IU to 500000IU of vitamin A and vitamin D 3 16000IU to 120000IU, vitamin E400IU to 600IU, copper 200mg to 1000mg, iron 800mg to 4000mg, manganese 600mg to 4000mg, and zinc 800mg to 3000mg.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned mixed feed for leaf use of wolfberry for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock, the crushed leaf use of wolfberry is crushed branch and leaf of wolfberry for leaf use, and the variety of wolfberry for leaf use is Ningqi vegetable No. 1.
A preparation method of a leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock comprises the following steps:
s10, crushing branches and leaves of the leaf medlar by using a hay cutter and silk kneading machine, spreading and drying in the shade until the water content is reduced to 10-13%, and obtaining crushed medlar for the leaf;
s20, respectively crushing wheat straw, corn, bean pulp and bran to obtain crushed wheat straw, crushed corn, crushed bean pulp and crushed bran;
s30, weighing the following components in mass percent according to dry matter: 20 to 30 parts of leaf medlar crushed material, 15 to 25 parts of wheat straw crushed material, 15 to 25 parts of corn crushed material, 5 to 10 parts of bean pulp crushed material, 10 to 20 parts of bran crushed material, 2 to 4 parts of additive premix, 0.5 to 2 parts of salt, 0.5 to 2 parts of baking soda and 1 to 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate are uniformly mixed to obtain a feed raw material mixture;
s40, uniformly spraying clear water into the uniformly mixed feed raw material mixture, and continuously mixing in the spraying process to uniformly mix the clear water with the feed raw material mixture to obtain a feed semi-finished product;
s50, compressing, granulating and forming the feed semi-finished product by a compression granulator to obtain the leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the crushed medlar for leaves, the crushed wheat straw, the crushed corn meal, the crushed soybean meal and the crushed wheat bran have a particle size of more than 40 mesh.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, in the step S10, the variety of the leaf medlar is a medlar No. 1.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, in the step S30, the additive premix comprises 80000IU of vitamin a per kgTo 500000IU, vitamin D 3 16000IU to 120000IU, vitamin E400IU to 600IU, copper 200mg to 1000mg, iron 800mg to 4000mg, manganese 600mg to 4000mg, and zinc 800mg to 3000mg.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, in the step S40, clean water is uniformly sprayed into the uniformly mixed feed raw material mixture, and the total mass of the clean water is 25% to 30% of the total mass of the feed raw material mixture.
The technical scheme that this application adopted can reach following beneficial effect:
in the leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock and the preparation method thereof disclosed in the embodiment of the application, (1) the crude protein content and the relative feeding value of the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed in the application are higher than those of common feed, and the crude protein content and the relative feeding value of the leaf medlar compound feed are respectively higher than 38.3% and 15.6% of the common feed, which indicates that the feeding value and the quality of the leaf medlar compound feed are better than those of the common feed; (2) Compared with the common feed, the in-vitro dry matter digestibility of the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed by the application can be obviously improved, and the improvement rate of the leaf medlar compound feed on the in-vitro dry matter digestibility is 7.33%, which indicates that the digestion characteristic of the leaf medlar compound feed in animals is superior to that of the common feed; (3) Compared with the common feed, the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed by the application can improve the total volatile fatty acid content in rumen fluid, the improvement rate of the leaf medlar compound feed on the total volatile fatty acid content is 60.8%, and the total volatile fatty acid content is an energy substance necessary for the rumen microorganism propagation of ruminant livestock, so that the leaf medlar compound feed improves the energy supply of the rumen microorganism and is superior to the common feed; (4) Compared with the common feed, the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed by the application can reduce the acetic acid/propionic acid, methane yield, carbon dioxide yield and nitrous oxide yield in the rumen, the leaf medlar compound feed has the reduction rate of 17.2% for acetic acid/propionic acid, 54.0% for methane yield, 28.1% for carbon dioxide yield and 19.7% for nitrous oxide yield, and the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed by the application can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the rumen, thereby being beneficial to promoting digestive metabolism and energy utilization.
According to the index, the wolfberry compound feed for the leaf disclosed by the embodiment of the application can promote digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock, and is scientifically prepared according to the nutrition requirement of the ruminant livestock, so that the nutrition required by the ruminant livestock can be effectively and evenly provided, and the problems of shortage of feeding utilization technology and low utilization degree of wolfberry for the leaf are solved. The medlar compound feed for the leaves has balanced nutrition and proper proportion, can be directly fed without adding other feeds, can be stored in the shade, and can be provided for ruminant livestock all the year round, especially when high-quality feeds are lacking in spring and winter sections, the digestion and metabolism of the ruminant livestock are promoted.
Detailed Description
In order that the present application may be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Preferred embodiments of this application are given in the examples. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The embodiment of the application discloses a medlar compound feed for leaf (hereinafter abbreviated as medlar compound feed for leaf) for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock, which comprises the following components in terms of dry matter mass: 20 to 30 parts of medlar crushed material for leaves, 15 to 25 parts of wheat straw crushed material, 15 to 25 parts of corn crushed material, 5 to 10 parts of bean pulp crushed material, 10 to 20 parts of bran crushed material, 2 to 4 parts of additive premix, 0.5 to 2 parts of salt, 0.5 to 2 parts of baking soda and 1 to 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate.
The test results show that: (1) The crude protein content and the relative feeding value of the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed by the application are higher than those of the common feed, and the crude protein content and the relative feeding value of the leaf medlar compound feed are respectively higher than 38.3% and 15.6% of those of the common feed, which indicates that the feeding value and the quality of the leaf medlar compound feed are better than those of the common feed; (2) Compared with the common feed, the in-vitro dry matter digestibility of the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed by the application can be obviously improved, and the improvement rate of the leaf medlar compound feed on the in-vitro dry matter digestibility is 7.33%, which indicates that the digestion characteristic of the leaf medlar compound feed in animals is superior to that of the common feed; (3) Compared with the common feed, the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed by the application can improve the total volatile fatty acid content in rumen fluid, the improvement rate of the leaf medlar compound feed on the total volatile fatty acid content is 60.8%, and the total volatile fatty acid content is an energy substance necessary for the rumen microorganism propagation of ruminant livestock, so that the leaf medlar compound feed improves the energy supply of the rumen microorganism and is superior to the common feed; (4) Compared with the common feed, the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed by the application can reduce the acetic acid/propionic acid, methane yield, carbon dioxide yield and nitrous oxide yield in the rumen, the leaf medlar compound feed has the reduction rate of 17.2% for acetic acid/propionic acid, 54.0% for methane yield, 28.1% for carbon dioxide yield and 19.7% for nitrous oxide yield, and the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed by the application can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the rumen, thereby being beneficial to promoting digestive metabolism and energy utilization.
According to the index, the wolfberry compound feed for the leaf disclosed by the embodiment of the application can promote digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock, and is scientifically prepared according to the nutrition requirement of the ruminant livestock, so that the nutrition required by the ruminant livestock can be effectively and evenly provided, and the problems of shortage of feeding utilization technology and low utilization degree of wolfberry for the leaf are solved. The medlar compound feed for the leaves has balanced nutrition and proper proportion, can be directly fed without adding other feeds, can be stored in the shade, and can be provided for ruminant livestock all the year round, especially when high-quality feeds are lacking in spring and winter sections, the digestion and metabolism of the ruminant livestock are promoted.
Further, each kg of the additive premix comprises 80000IU to 500000IU of vitamin A and vitamin D 3 16000IU to 120000IU, 400IU to 600IU of vitamin E, 200mg to 1000mg of copper, 800mg to 4000mg of iron, 600mg to 4000mg of manganese and 800mg to 3000mg of zinc are scientifically prepared according to the nutrition requirements of ruminant livestock, so that the nutrient substances required by the ruminant livestock can be effectively and evenly provided, the nutrition is balanced, the proportion is proper, and the digestive metabolism of the ruminant livestock is facilitated.
Preferably, the crushed leaf medlar is the crushed branch and leaf of leaf medlar, the variety of leaf medlar is Ningqi vegetable No. 1, that is, the crushed leaf medlar is the crushed branch and leaf of Ningqi vegetable No. 1, the Ningqi vegetable No. 1 is a novel variety of vegetable medlar bred by hybridization between wild medlar and Ningxia medlar by Ningxia national institute of sciences of agriculture and forestry, ningqi vegetable No. 1 grows in a cluster, 5-15 branches are in each cluster, and the leaves are single, and the average leaf length is 6.8cm, the width is 2.18cm, and the thickness is 0.09cm. The test results show that: compared with leaf medlar of other varieties (Ningqi No. 9 and Qixin No. 2), the use of Ningqi vegetable No. 1 can further promote digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock.
The application also discloses a preparation method of the wolfberry compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock, which comprises the following steps:
s10, crushing branches and leaves of the leaf medlar by using a hay cutter and silk kneading machine, spreading and drying in the shade until the water content is reduced to 10-13%, and obtaining crushed medlar for the leaf;
the hay cutter and silk kneading machine has two functions of wet and dry, and is provided with a chain type automatic feed inlet, a 4-blade 8-blade manganese steel hay cutter and a 48-blade silk kneading sharp cutter.
Specifically, the crushed particles of the leaf-used medlar crushed material are larger than 40 meshes, so that the particle size of the leaf-used medlar crushed material is small, and when the conventional problem of feed digestion is considered by the person in the field, more consideration is often given to decomposing macromolecular substances into substances which can be absorbed by small molecules under the action of enzymes; for example, fat digests to higher fatty acids and glycerol, starch digests to glucose, and protein digests to amino acids, but prior to this digestion there is also a digestion, namely physical digestion; physical digestion is a substance that turns large-grained feed into small grains, because only if the feed grains become small enough, these substances will come into more thorough contact with digestive fluids and enzymes, and digestion will be faster. Teeth are important physical digestive organs for ruminant animals, but for ruminant animals, the feeding rate is very fast, the digestion effect of teeth is limited, and further grinding in the stomach is required; the digestion speed is low and the absorption rate is low if the particles are large; the small particles have high digestion speed and high absorption rate, that is, the small-particle feed is digested and absorbed more thoroughly and has higher absorption rate. Therefore, the crushed leaf medlar with fine granularity can promote the digestion and absorption rate (digestibility and absorptivity) of ruminant livestock, thereby further promoting the digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock.
Preferably, the variety of the leaf medlar is Ningqi vegetable No. 1, and the test result shows that: compared with medlar of other varieties (Ningqi No. 9 and Qixin No. 2), the Ningqi vegetable No. 1 can further promote digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock.
S20, respectively crushing wheat straw, corn, bean pulp and bran to obtain crushed wheat straw, crushed corn, crushed bean pulp and crushed bran;
similarly, the crushed grain sizes of the wheat straw crushed material, the corn meal crushed material, the bean pulp crushed material and the wheat bran crushed material are all larger than 40 meshes, so that the grain sizes of the wheat straw crushed material, the corn meal crushed material, the bean pulp crushed material and the wheat bran crushed material are small, the digestion and absorption rate of ruminant livestock can be promoted by the fine-grain medlar crushed material, and the digestion and absorption rate of ruminant livestock can be promoted by the fine-grain wheat straw crushed material, the corn meal crushed material, the bean pulp crushed material and the wheat bran crushed material, so that the digestion and absorption rate of ruminant livestock can be further promoted by the fine-grain medlar crushed material.
S30, weighing the following components in mass percent according to dry matter: 20 to 30 parts of leaf medlar crushed material, 15 to 25 parts of wheat straw crushed material, 15 to 25 parts of corn crushed material, 5 to 10 parts of bean pulp crushed material, 10 to 20 parts of bran crushed material, 2 to 4 parts of additive premix, 0.5 to 2 parts of salt, 0.5 to 2 parts of baking soda and 1 to 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate are uniformly mixed to obtain a feed raw material mixture;
further, each kg of the additive premix comprises 80000IU to 500000IU of vitamin A and vitamin D 3 16000IU to 120000IU, 400IU to 600IU of vitamin E, 200mg to 1000mg of copper, 800mg to 4000mg of iron, 600mg to 4000mg of manganese and 800mg to 3000mg of zinc are scientifically prepared according to the nutrition requirements of ruminant livestock, so that the nutrient substances required by the ruminant livestock can be effectively and evenly provided, the nutrition is balanced, the proportion is proper, and the digestive metabolism of the ruminant livestock is facilitated.
S40, uniformly spraying clear water into the uniformly mixed feed raw material mixture, and continuously mixing in the spraying process to uniformly mix the clear water with the feed raw material mixture to obtain a feed semi-finished product;
further, the total mass of the clear water is 25-30% of the total mass of the feed raw material mixture, so that the problem that the feed semi-finished product is difficult to granulate due to more or too little water is avoided.
S50, compressing, granulating and forming the semi-finished feed product by a compression granulator to obtain the leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock.
The pressure of the compression granulator is 200kg/cm 2 To 300kg/cm 2 The die is made of alloy steel, and the diameter of an inner hole of the die is 0.3cm to 0.4cm.
The preparation method disclosed by the application is simple and scientific, and the small farmer can realize mass production by using the hay cutter and the compression granulator, thereby being beneficial to large-area popularization. The wolfberry compound feed for the leaf prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the application can promote digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock, is scientifically prepared according to the nutrition requirement of the ruminant livestock, can effectively and uniformly provide nutrient substances required by the ruminant livestock, solves the problem of low utilization degree of wolfberry for the leaf, has balanced nutrition and proper proportion, can be directly fed without adding other feeds, can be stored in a dry state, and can be provided for the ruminant livestock all the year, especially when high-quality feeds are absent in spring and winter sections, and promote digestion and metabolism of the ruminant livestock.
The technical scheme and technical effects of the present application are further described below by specific comparative test examples, and it should be noted that the following comparative test examples are only for further explanation of the present application, and are not limiting on the technical scheme of the present application.
Test one:
(1) Test materials and methods
5 fistula Hu sheep with similar body conditions are selected as rumen fluid donors in the test, namely, the Hu sheep with permanent rumen fistula, and in the test, the Hu sheep is purchased from Zhongtian sheep industry Co., gansu province, and on the basis, a professional veterinarian is invited to pass the fistula operation to obtain the 'fistula Hu sheep'.
Collecting and preprocessing original tumor gastric juice: will be filled with CO 2 Placing the collection bottle of the fistula lake sheep into a thermos bottle filled with warm water at 39 ℃, feeding the fistula lake sheep for 2 hours before early morning, collecting rumen juice of the fistula lake sheep through the fistula by using a rumen liquid collector, storing the rumen juice in the collection bottle of the thermos bottle in time, and immediately taking the rumen juice back to a laboratory after collection; transferring the collecting bottle from the thermos bottle to a 39 ℃ constant-temperature water bath kettle, and fully stirring rumen fluid in the collecting bottle to be uniform; filtering large feed particles and residues in rumen fluid with 4 layers of sterile gauze, and continuously introducing CO into the filtered rumen fluid 2 And (3) gas. The rumen fluid after filtration is original rumen fluid.
Formulation of the Menke Medium: the 1L Menke culture medium is prepared by uniformly mixing 208mL of buffer solution, 208mL of macroelement solution, 0.1mL of microelement solution, 1mL of 0.1% resazurin solution, 62.4mL of reducer solution and 520.5mL of distilled water. Wherein the buffer consists of 4g NH 4 HCO 3 And 35g NaHCO 3 Dissolving in deionized water, and fixing the volume to 1000 mL; macroelement solution consisting of 9.45g Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O、6.2g KH 2 PO 4 And 0.6g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O is dissolved in deionized water and is prepared by constant volume to 1000 mL; the trace element solution consists of 13.2g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O、10.0g MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O、1.0g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O and 0.8g FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O is dissolved in deionized water and is prepared by constant volume to 100 mL; the 0.1% resazurin solution is prepared by dissolving 100mg resazurin in deionized water and fixing the volume to 100 mL; the reducing agent solution consisted of 625mg L-cysteine hydrochloride, 4.0mL 1N NaOH solution and 625mg Na 2 S·9H 2 O is dissolved in deionized water and the volume is fixed to 100 mL.
Preparation of Menke Medium: firstly, premixing a buffer solution, a macroelement solution, a microelement solution and a 0.1% resazurin solution in a formula of the Menke culture medium according to the proportion to prepare the Menke prefabricated culture medium (the mixed solution presents light blue). Afterwards, the Menke pre-prepared culture medium is placed in a constant temperature water bath kettle at 39 ℃ for preheating, and CO is continuously introduced 2 . After about 1h, the pH of the Menke's pre-culture medium was measured using a portable pH instrument and the premix pH was adjusted to 6.8 using 2mol/L NaOH solution or HCL solution. After the adjustment is finished, adding the reducer solution and distilled water with the above proportion into the Menke prefabricated culture medium, and continuously introducing CO 2 Until the solution turned pale yellow, the solution at this point was the formulated Menke medium.
Preparing artificial tumor gastric juice: preheating in a thermostatic water bath kettle at 39 ℃ in advance according to the original rumen fluid and Menke culture medium=1:2 volume ratio, and continuously introducing CO 2 Is mixed uniformly in a beaker or flask. The mixed solution at this time was artificial rumen fluid required for the test.
(2) Test treatment and setup
And subpackaging the uniformly mixed artificial tumor gastric juice into 21 100mL conical bottles, subpackaging 50mL artificial tumor gastric juice per bottle, and after subpackaging, adding an isobutyl rubber plug into the bottle mouth of each conical bottle, and sealing with an aluminum cap to ensure tightness. Each conical flask rubber plug and the aluminum cover are internally provided with a hollow glass tube with the diameter of 2mm, and the hollow glass tube is used for collecting gas generated in the fermentation process. The test set up a blank, control and test group of 7 Erlenmeyer flasks each, for a total of 21.
The purpose of the blank control group is to determine the gas production and fermentation activity of the artificial rumen fluid itself, and the blank control group is used for calibrating the real data results of the control group and the test group.
In each conical flask, except 50mL of artificial rumble gastric juice, a 2cm x 2cm nonwoven filter bag was placed and sealed with a hand sealer.
Wherein: the non-woven fabric filter bags in the 7 conical flasks of the blank control group do not contain any fermentation substrate;
the non-woven filter bags in the 7 conical flasks of the control group all contain 0.3g of common feed (fermentation substrate of the control group);
the nonwoven filter bags in the 7 conical flasks of the test group each contained 0.3g of medlar formula feed for leaf (test group fermentation substrate).
In the embodiment, the common feed in the non-woven fabric filter bag of the control group is the common feed of the farm, the concentrate and the additive, wherein the feed is the mixed forage of alfalfa and festuca arundinacea in equal proportion, the dry matter proportion of the feed in the common feed of the control group is consistent with the total dry matter proportion of the leaf medlar and the wheat straw in the medlar compound feed for the leaf of the application, and the other components are arranged conventionally by adopting the common feed of the farm; in the scheme, the forage consists of crushed medlar for leaves and crushed wheat straw, wherein an additive is an additive premix, and the rest is a concentrate. In order to clearly express the advantages of the scheme, the ratio of forage consisting of the crushed materials of the medlar for the leaves and the crushed materials of the wheat straw in the scheme to the medlar compound feed for the leaves is set to be the same as that of the forage in the common feed. The phenomenon that the comparability of experiments is affected due to the fact that the difference of the proportion of the concentrate is large is avoided.
The experimental group adopts the medlar compound feed for leaves disclosed in the application (according to the mass percent of dry matters, 25 parts of medlar crushed material for leaves, 20 parts of wheat straw crushed material, 20 parts of corn crushed material, 10 parts of bean pulp crushed material, 15 parts of wheat bran crushed material, 4 parts of additive premix, 2 parts of salt, 2 parts of baking soda and 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, wherein each kilogram of additive premix comprises vitamin A200000IU and vitamin D 3 80000IU, vitamin E500 IU, copper 500mg, iron 2000mg, manganese 2000mg and zinc 1000mg. ) And the leaf wolfberry variety is Ningqi No. 9 (Ningqi No. 9 is obtained by hybridization breeding of 'Ningqi No. 1' autotetraploid 98-2 and Hebei wolfberry). Thickening and oblong shape of bladeShape. The length of the leaf is 5.2-8.4cm, the width is 1.7-2.4cm, and the thickness is 0.95-1.5mm. Single leaves are intergrown on the current year, three leaves are clustered on the presbyopic branch, and little intergrown is generated. ) And no additive component.
After that, placing 21 conical flasks in a constant-temperature water bath shaking table at 39 ℃ for culturing and fermenting for 5 days, after 5 days of fermentation, washing a non-woven fabric filter bag by distilled water, drying a fermentation substrate at 65 ℃ for 48 hours to constant weight, and weighing and recording; and collecting a fermented rumen fluid sample, and analyzing index parameters such as total volatile fatty acid content and the like in the rumen fluid sample by using a gas chromatograph.
(3) Measurement index
The quality assessment index of the roughage relative to the feeding value, and the feed intake of a certain roughage can digest dry matter relative to a specific standard roughage (alfalfa in full bloom). Relative to the feeding value = (88.9-0.779 x acid washed fiber content) × (120/neutral washed fiber content)/1.29, the formula is referred to the current state of research of roughage quality assessment index and its progress. The higher the value, the greater the feeding value as forage, the better the quality; otherwise, the lower the feeding value is, the poorer the quality is.
The in-vitro dry matter digestibility refers to the percentage of nutrient substances digested by artificial rumen fluid in a fermentation substrate to the total mass of the fermentation substrate, and is used for reflecting the digestion characteristics of the feed in an animal body, and the higher the digestibility is, the better the higher the digestibility is in a scientific range.
The total volatile fatty acid content, which is one of the fatty acids, generally refers to organic acids having carbon chains of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid. The total volatile fatty acid content is an energy substance necessary for the rumen microorganism reproduction of ruminant livestock, and the higher the total volatile fatty acid content is, the better the scientific range is.
The lower the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid, the lower the content of greenhouse gas generated by the rumen fluid sample, which indicates that the digestion and absorption rate of the fermentation substrate by the artificial rumen fluid is high, and the lower the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the scientific range is, the better the digestion and absorption rate of the fermentation substrate by the rumen fluid of ruminant livestock is.
The lower the yields of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, the lower the content of greenhouse gases generated by the rumen fluid sample, which indicates that the digestion and absorption rate of the fermentation substrate by the artificial rumen fluid is high, and the lower the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid is in the scientific range, the better the digestion and absorption rate of the fermentation substrate by the rumen of ruminant livestock is reflected.
(4) Test results
The crude protein content, neutral washing fiber content and acidic washing fiber content in the general feed used in the control group of the present application and the wolfberry compound feed for leaf of the present application (wolfberry compound feed for leaf used in the test group) were detected, respectively, and the relative feeding value was calculated, and the detection results were shown in table 1.
Table 1 nutritional ingredients and relative feeding value of the feeds
| Project (g.kg) -1 DM) | Common feed | Medlar compound feed for leaves |
| Crude protein content | 242.2 | 334.9 |
| Neutral washed fiber content | 403.2 | 358.1 |
| Acid washed fiber content | 219.2 | 192.1 |
| Relative feeding value | 165.8 | 191.6 |
As shown in Table 1, the crude protein content and the relative feeding value of the leaf medlar compound feed are respectively higher than 38.3% and 15.6% of that of the common feed, and the neutral washing fiber content and the acid washing fiber content are respectively lower than those of the common feed by 11.2% and 12.4%, which indicates that the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed in the application has high feeding value and high quality, and indicates that the feeding value and quality of the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed in the application are superior to those of the common feed.
After 5 days of fermentation, the nonwoven filter bag was rinsed with distilled water, the fermentation substrate was dried at 65℃for 48 hours to constant weight, and was weighed and recorded (undigested matter weight), and the digestion average of 7 rumen fluid samples per group was calculated, and the in vitro dry matter digestibility was calculated from the calculated digestion average, and the total mass of the fermentation substrate was 0.3g, with the results being shown in Table 2.
Table 2 digestibility of dry matter in vitro of feed
As shown in Table 2, the wolfberry compound feed for the leaves disclosed by the application can obviously improve the digestibility of dry matters in vitro, and compared with the common feed, the wolfberry compound feed for the leaves has the improvement rate of 7.33% on the digestibility of dry matters in vitro, which shows that the wolfberry compound feed for the leaves has better digestion characteristics in animals than the common feed and is beneficial to promoting digestion and metabolism.
Volatile fatty acid content and acetic acid/propionic acid in rumen fluid samples of the control group and the test group were measured, respectively, and the average value of 7 rumen fluid samples of each group was calculated, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of feed on volatile fatty acid content
| Volatile fatty acids (mmol/L) | Control group (average value) | Test group (average value) |
| Total volatile fatty acids | 301.0 | 484.0 |
| Acetic acid | 110.1 | 184.7 |
| Propionic acid | 70.1 | 142.1 |
| Butyric acid | 67.0 | 91.4 |
| Isobutyric acid | 11.2 | 13.9 |
| Valeric acid | 17.2 | 21.7 |
| Isopentanoic acid | 25.4 | 30.2 |
| Acetic acid/propionic acid | 1.57 | 1.30 |
As shown in table 3, the medlar compound feed for the leaf disclosed by the application can improve the total volatile fatty acid content in the rumen, compared with the common feed, the medlar compound feed for the leaf has the improvement rate of 60.8 percent on the total volatile fatty acid content, and the total volatile fatty acid content is an energy substance necessary for the rumen microorganism propagation of ruminant livestock, which indicates that the medlar compound feed for the leaf improves the energy supply amount of the rumen microorganism and is superior to the common feed; meanwhile, acetic acid/propionic acid in rumen can be reduced by the medlar compound feed for the leaves disclosed by the application, compared with the common feed, the reduction rate of the medlar compound feed for the leaves to the acetic acid/propionic acid is 17.2%, which indicates that the medlar compound feed for the leaves disclosed by the application can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in rumen, and the lower the greenhouse gas content generated by a rumen liquid sample is, the higher the digestion and absorption rate of fermentation substrates by artificial rumen liquid is, the higher the digestion and absorption rate of fermentation substrates by rumen livestock is reflected, and the medlar compound feed for the leaves disclosed by the application is easier to digest and absorb compared with the common feed, so that the medlar compound feed for the leaves disclosed by the application is beneficial to promoting digestion metabolism and absorption and utilization rate.
The ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid is an important factor for inhibiting the generation of greenhouse gases, and as shown in Table 3, the highest content of acetic acid and propionic acid represents higher total volatile fatty acid content and higher digestibility. However, if the content of acetic acid and propionic acid single components is made higher simply for improving the digestibility, the inhibition effect of the generation of greenhouse gases is affected, so that the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid needs to be comprehensively considered in the feed proportioning process, the digestion absorptivity is improved, and meanwhile, the generation of greenhouse gases needs to be synchronously inhibited.
Methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide in the rumen fluid samples of the control group and the test group were separately detected, and the average value of 7 rumen fluid samples of each group was calculated, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of feed on greenhouse gas yield
| Greenhouse gas yield (ppm) | Methane | Carbon dioxide | Nitrous oxide |
| Control group (average value) | 35.9 | 1142.2 | 0.61 |
| Test group (average value) | 16.5 | 821.4 | 0.49 |
As shown in table 4, the leaf medlar compound feed can reduce methane yield, carbon dioxide yield and nitrous oxide yield in the rumen, the reduction rate of methane yield is 54.0%, the reduction rate of carbon dioxide yield is 28.1%, and the reduction rate of nitrous oxide yield is 19.7% compared with the common feed, which indicates that the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed in the application can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the rumen, the lower the greenhouse gas content generated by a rumen liquid sample, the higher the digestion and absorption rate of a fermentation substrate by artificial rumen liquid, and the higher the digestion and absorption rate of a fermentation substrate by rumen of ruminant livestock, which also indicates that the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed in the application is easier to be digested and absorbed compared with the common feed, thereby indicating that the leaf medlar compound feed disclosed in the application is beneficial to promoting digestion metabolism and absorption and utilization rate. This also demonstrates that the leaf medlar compound feed in table 3 can reduce acetic acid/propionic acid in the rumen.
According to the index, the disclosed wolfberry compound feed for the leaf can promote digestion and metabolism of ruminants, and can be scientifically prepared according to the nutrition requirements of the ruminants, so that the nutrition substances required by the ruminants can be effectively and uniformly provided, the problem of low utilization degree of the wolfberry for the leaf is solved, the wolfberry compound feed for the leaf is balanced in nutrition and proper in proportion, other feeds can be not added for direct feeding, can be stored in a dry mode, can be provided for the ruminants all the year round, and can promote digestion and metabolism of the ruminants especially when high-quality feeds are absent in spring and winter.
And (2) testing II:
(1) Test materials and methods
Artificial rumen fluid in test one is adopted;
preparing a wolfberry (Ningqi No. 9) compound feed for leaves by using Ningqi No. 9 as a raw material through a preparation method disclosed in the application; the wolfberry (wolfberry No. 2) compound feed for leaves is prepared by adopting 'wolfberry No. 2' as a raw material through the preparation method disclosed by the application, wherein the wolfberry No. 2 is a self-grinding variety of Ningxia wolfberry Xin seed company; the wolfberry (Ningqi vegetable No. 1) compound feed for leaves is prepared by adopting Ningqi vegetable No. 1 as a raw material through the preparation method disclosed in the application.
The three types of medlar compound feed for the leaves comprise the following materials: according to the mass of dry matters, 25 parts of medlar crushed material for leaves, 20 parts of wheat straw crushed material, 20 parts of corn crushed material, 10 parts of bean pulp crushed material, 15 parts of wheat bran crushed material, 4 parts of additive premix, 2 parts of salt, 2 parts of baking soda and phosphoric acid2 parts of calcium hydroxide; the premix comprises vitamin A200000IU and vitamin D 3 80000IU, vitamin E500 IU, copper 500mg, iron 2000mg, manganese 2000mg and zinc 1000mg. The three types of medlar compound feed ingredients for the leaves are different in the variety, the proportion and other ingredients of medlar for the leaves are the same.
(2) Test treatment and setup
And (3) subpackaging the uniformly mixed artificial tumor gastric juice into 15 100mL conical bottles, subpackaging 50mL artificial tumor gastric juice per bottle, and after subpackaging, adding an isobutyl rubber plug into the bottle mouth of each conical bottle, and sealing with an aluminum cap to ensure tightness. Each conical flask rubber plug and the aluminum cover are internally provided with a hollow glass tube with the diameter of 2mm, and the hollow glass tube is used for collecting gas generated in the fermentation process. In this test, test example 1, test example 2 and test example 3 were set, and a total of 15 conical flasks were used for each group. In each conical flask, except 50mL of artificial rumble gastric juice, a 2cm x 2cm nonwoven filter bag was placed and sealed with a hand sealer.
Wherein: the nonwoven filter bags in 5 conical flasks of test example 1 contained 0.3g of a compound feed of Lycium barbarum (Ningqi No. 9) for leaves;
the nonwoven filter bags in 5 conical flasks of test example 2 contained 0.3g of a compound feed of Lycium barbarum (Qixin No. 2) for leaves;
the nonwoven filter bags in 5 conical flasks of test example 3 contained 0.3g of the leaf wolfberry (Ningqi vegetable No. 1) compound feed.
After that, 15 conical flasks are placed in a constant-temperature water bath shaking table at 39 ℃ for culture and fermentation for 5 days, after 5 days of fermentation, a non-woven fabric filter bag is washed by distilled water, a fermentation substrate is dried at 65 ℃ for 48 hours to constant weight, and the fermentation substrate is weighed and recorded; and collecting a fermented rumen fluid sample, and analyzing index parameters such as total volatile fatty acid content and the like in the rumen fluid sample by using a gas chromatograph.
(3) Measurement index
In vitro dry matter digestibility, total volatile fatty acid content, and acetic acid/propionic acid.
(4) Test results
After 5 days of fermentation, the nonwoven filter bag was rinsed with distilled water, the fermentation substrate was dried at 65℃for 48 hours to constant weight, and was weighed and recorded (undigested matter weight), and the digestion average of 5 rumen fluid samples per group was calculated, and the in vitro dry matter digestibility was calculated from the calculated digestion average, and the total mass of the fermentation substrate was 0.3g, with the results shown in Table 5.
Table 5 digestibility of dry matter in vitro of feed
| Project | Test example 1 | Test example 2 | Test example 3 |
| Conical flask 1 | 0.07265g | 0.07724g | 0.06545g |
| Conical flask 2 | 0.07311g | 0.07808g | 0.06385g |
| Conical flask 3 | 0.07412g | 0.07698g | 0.06196g |
| Conical flask 4 | 0.07515g | 0.07776g | 0.07346g |
| Conical flask 5 | 0.07502g | 0.07814g | 0.06692g |
| Undigested average | 0.07401g | 0.07764g | 0.06633g |
| Digestion average | 0.22599g | 0.22236g | 0.23367g |
| Digestibility of dry matter in vitro | 75.33％ | 74.12％ | 77.89％ |
As shown in table 5, it was found that the improvement rate of the in vitro dry matter digestibility of the leaf-use medlar (ning medlar No. 9) compound feed was 3.4% compared to the in vitro dry matter digestibility of the leaf-use medlar (ning medlar No. 1) compound feed, and the improvement rate of the in vitro dry matter digestibility of the leaf-use medlar (ning medlar No. 1) compound feed was 5.1% compared to the leaf-use medlar (medlar No. 2) compound feed, which indicates that the digestion characteristics of the leaf-use medlar (ning medlar No. 1) compound feed in animals were superior to the leaf-use medlar (ning medlar No. 9) compound feed and the leaf-use medlar (medlar No. 2) compound feed, so that the preparation of the leaf-use medlar (ning medlar No. 1) compound feed by the preparation method disclosed in the present application was demonstrated that the use of "medlar No. 1" as a raw material was able to significantly improve the in vitro dry matter digestibility of the leaf-use medlar (ning medlar No. 1) compound feed, which was superior to the use of other types medlar compound feed, thereby demonstrating that the preparation of the leaf-use medlar (ning medlar No. 1) compound feed disclosed in the preparation method disclosed in the present application was more helpful for the ruminant metabolism promotion.
Volatile fatty acid content and acetic acid/propionic acid in each group of rumen fluid samples were separately measured, and the average value of 5 rumen fluid samples per group was calculated, and the results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 Effect of feed on volatile fatty acid content
| Volatile fatty acids (mmol/L) | Test example 1 | Test example 2 | Test example 3 |
| Total volatile fatty acids | 482.3 | 480.4 | 488.4 |
| Acetic acid | 185.7 | 186.4 | 181.4 |
| Propionic acid | 141.4 | 140.8 | 143.6 |
| Butyric acid | 90.7 | 90.3 | 92.8 |
| Isobutyric acid | 13.5 | 12.9 | 15.3 |
| Valeric acid | 21.6 | 21.1 | 23.4 |
| Isopentanoic acid | 29.4 | 28.9 | 31.9 |
| Acetic acid/propionic acid | 1.31 | 1.32 | 1.26 |
As shown in table 6, it was found that the effect of the compound feed for leaf use of lycium barbarum (number 1 of the Ningqi vegetable) on the total volatile fatty acid content, which is an energy substance necessary for the propagation of rumen microorganisms of ruminant livestock, was higher than that of the compound feed for leaf use of lycium barbarum (number 9 of the Ningqi vegetable) and that of the compound feed for leaf use of lycium barbarum (number 2 of the Qixin vegetable), indicating that the compound feed for leaf use of lycium barbarum (number 1 of the Ningqi vegetable) can further increase the energy supply amount of the rumen microorganisms, which is superior to that of the compound feed for leaf use of lycium barbarum (number 9 of the Ningqi) and that of the compound feed for leaf use of lycium barbarum (number 2 of the Qixin vegetable); meanwhile, the acetic acid/propionic acid in the rumen can be further reduced by the wolfberry (Ningqi vegetable No. 1) compound feed for the leaves, which indicates that the greenhouse gas emission in the rumen can be further reduced by the wolfberry (Ningqi vegetable No. 1) compound feed for the leaves, the lower the greenhouse gas content generated by a rumen liquid sample is, the higher the digestion and absorption rate of a fermentation substrate by artificial rumen liquid is, the higher the digestion and absorption rate of the fermentation substrate by rumen of ruminant livestock is reflected, and the wolfberry (Ningqi vegetable No. 1) compound feed for the leaves is easier to digest and absorb than wolfberry (Ningqi vegetable No. 9) compound feed for the leaves and wolfberry (Lycium barbarum No. 2) compound feed for the leaves, so that the wolfberry (Ningqi vegetable No. 1) compound feed for the leaves is more beneficial to promoting digestion and absorption and utilization.
As can be seen from the above index, compared with the compound feed prepared from other varieties (Ningqi No. 9 and Qixin No. 2) of Chinese wolfberry, the compound feed prepared from Ningqi vegetable No. 1 Chinese wolfberry can further promote digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the medlar compound feed for promoting digestive metabolism of ruminant livestock is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, crushing branches and leaves of the leaf medlar by using a hay cutter and silk kneading machine, spreading and drying in the shade until the water content is reduced to 10-13%, and obtaining crushed medlar for the leaf, wherein the medlar for the leaf is of a variety Ningqi vegetable No. 1;
s20, respectively crushing wheat straw, corn, bean pulp and bran to obtain crushed wheat straw, crushed corn, crushed bean pulp and crushed bran;
s30, weighing the following components in mass percent according to dry matter: 20 to 30 parts of leaf medlar crushed material, 15 to 25 parts of wheat straw crushed material, 15 to 25 parts of corn crushed material, 5 to 10 parts of bean pulp crushed material, 10 to 20 parts of bran crushed material, 2 to 4 parts of additive premix, 0.5 to 2 parts of salt, 0.5 to 2 parts of baking soda and 1 to 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate are uniformly mixed to obtain a feed raw material mixture;
s40, uniformly spraying clear water into the uniformly mixed feed raw material mixture, and continuously mixing in the spraying process to uniformly mix the clear water with the feed raw material mixture to obtain a feed semi-finished product;
s50, compressing, granulating and forming the feed semi-finished product by a compression granulator to obtain the leaf medlar compound feed for promoting digestion and metabolism of ruminant livestock.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crushed medlar leaves, the crushed wheat straw, the crushed corn, the crushed soybean meal and the crushed wheat bran have a particle size of more than 40 mesh.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S30, each kg of the additive premix comprises 80000IU to 500000IU of vitamin a, vitamin D 3 16000IU to 120000IU, vitamin E400IU to 600IU, copper 200mg to 1000mg, iron 800mg to 4000mg, manganese 600mg to 4000mg, and zinc 800mg to 3000mg.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S40, clean water is uniformly sprayed into the uniformly mixed feed raw material mixture, and the total mass of the clean water is 25% to 30% of the total mass of the feed raw material mixture.
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