CN116838863A - 用于汽车应用的多层管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供一种用于机动车中的变速箱油或加热和冷却流体应用的多层管。所述多层管具有包含脂族或芳族聚酰胺的外层以提供对外部环境的防护；构成管材料的厚度的20‑90％的较低成本材料的中间层；和对变速箱油或二醇冷却剂和温度具有优异耐受性的内层。
Description
背景
本发明涉及一种多层管，其用于传递或输送液体，如变速箱油或用于车辆和配有电动机或发动机的机器的加热和冷却应用的液体。
已知有多层管用于车辆，如美国专利申请公开US2021/0252822中论述的多层管，其涵盖由聚酰胺制成的五层管，其用于在车辆中传送流体如燃料。多层管能够提供在单一材料中无法获得的性质组合。
通常，多层管包含外层、径向位于阻挡层内的中间层和径向位于中间层内的内层。附加层可安置在外层和中间层之间或中间层和内层之间。重要的是，管中的材料对流体具有良好的耐化学性，并且其经得住所受温度，并且流体中的化学组分不会透过管渗透到环境中。这对避免流体质量的降低和避免挥发性物质逸出到环境中都是重要的。此外，重要的是避免流体缓慢浸出或吸收到管材料中。
另一个关注点在于多层管在保持所需性质的同时与用于相同功能的替代管材相比具有成本竞争力。已经发现，使用保持所需物理性质但具有较低成本的中间层是满足对车辆中的此类管道或管线的要求的有效方式。
本公开还涉及一种制造多层管，特别是上文提到的多层管的方法。
多层管为许多用途而设。一种这样的用途是在变速箱冷却***中传送变速箱油，其中温度可为-40℃至150℃。另一用途是在车辆加热和冷却***中输送加热和冷却流体，其中温度在连续运行中可为-40℃至130℃并在峰值温度下高达135℃。
多层管包括多个层，它们在这样的管中满足特定的需求。
例如，通常提供外保护层以保护内层免受例如机动车的发动机舱中的恶劣环境的影响。在这些环境中，可出现机械应力和热应力，还暴露于不应与在多层管内传导的流体混合的流体，如水、油等。
另一方面，内层与要输送的流体接触。因此，内层需要与要传导的流体相容或耐受要传导的流体。中间层通常提供管的一定刚性和稳定性。最后，外层的任务是在管的外部环境之间提供屏障。
鉴于上述情况，本公开的目的是提供满足传送变速箱油或二醇冷却剂的要求的改进的成本有效的多层管和制造这样的多层管的方法。
概述
本公开提供一种多层管，其包含脂族或芳族聚酰胺的外层；脂族聚酰胺的中间层；和脂族聚酰胺或芳族聚酰胺的内层。内层包含脂族或芳族聚酰胺，如PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6。内层中的PPA可以是选自PA6T、PA6T/6I、PA6T/6、PA6T/66、PA9T和PA11T的聚合物。外层可包含类似于内层的脂族或芳族聚酰胺，如PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012或PA9T。中间层是脂族聚酰胺，如PA6、PA66、PA610、PA612、PA12或PA11。中间层可进一步包含大约1-49重量％弹性体。所述多层管可用于在-40℃至150℃的温度下的变速箱冷却***。所述多层管可具有光滑内膛或波纹表面。外层可以是选自PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6的聚合物。PPA可以是选自PA6T、PA6T/6I、PA6T/6、PA6T/66、PA9T和PA11T的聚合物。中间层可以是选自PA6、PA66、PA610、PA612、PA12或PA11的聚合物。选择这种中间层以便与由单个聚合物层制成的管相比降低管的总成本。内层可与外层相同或不同并且是选自PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6的聚合物。
所述多层管也可用于在连续运行中在-40℃至130℃下并在峰值温度150℃下高达135℃的汽车加热和冷却***。所述多层管可具有光滑内膛或波纹表面。外层可以是选自PA9T或PPA的聚合物。中间层可以是选自PA6、PA610、PA612、PA12或PA11的聚合物。选择这种中间层以便与由单个聚合物层制成的管相比降低管的总成本。内层可与外层相同或不同并且是选自PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6的聚合物。
附图的几个视图的简述
在以下说明书中更详细解释本公开的示例性实施方案并呈现在附图中，其中：
图1显示具有三个层的多层管的示意性横截面。
图2显示具有五个层的多层管的示意性横截面，其具有在外层和中间层之间的胶粘剂层并具有在中间层和内层之间的胶粘剂层。
图3显示具有四个层的多层管的示意性横截面，其具有在外层和中间层之间的胶粘剂层。
图4显示具有四个层的多层管的示意性横截面，其具有在中间层和内层之间的胶粘剂层。
详述
本公开提供一种用于输送变速箱油或用于输送车辆加热或冷却流体的多层管，其包含外层、径向位于包含脂族聚酰胺的外层内的中间层、和径向位于中间层内的内层，其中这些层是共挤层。
此外，所述多层管通过一种制造多层管的方法制成，其包括步骤：提供用于外保护层的可挤出外保护层材料、提供用于中间层的可挤出中间层材料、提供用于内层的可挤出内层材料，其中内层材料包含脂族或芳族聚酰胺，并共挤这些层的至少两个。
中间层选择为较低成本的材料以在产品中显著节省成本但仍保持所需整体性质和性能。
用于变速箱油应用的多层管含有用于外层的芳族或脂族聚酰胺，其可以是选自PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012 PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6的任何材料。中间层通常含有弹性体，如大约1重量％至49重量％弹性体。内层选择为与外层类似的材料，如PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012 PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6。
PA610是由一种具有6个碳原子的单体和另一种具有10个碳原子的单体制成的聚酰胺，其由六亚甲基二胺和癸二酸制成。类似地，PA612是线性6C二胺和12C二酸的共聚物。PA1010是1,10-十亚甲基二胺和1,10-癸二酸的缩聚产物。PA1012是生物基聚酰胺。
在另一优选实施方案中，中间层包含PA6、PA66、PA610、PA612、PA12或PA11的至少一种。
由于外保护层和阻挡层之间的一般粘附能力，胶粘剂层可能是在外层和中间层之间或在内层和中间层之间必需的。
用于加热和冷却流体的多层管的外层所用的芳族或部分芳族聚酰胺可以是选自PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012 PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6的任何材料。中间层(intermediateor middle layer)是脂族聚酰胺。中间层通常含有弹性体，如大约1重量％至49重量％弹性体。中间层可选自PA6、PA612或PA610、PA12或PA11。内层选择为与外层类似的材料，如PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012 PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6。
选择中间层以提供足够的所需性质但成本尤其低于内层和外层材料，内层和外层材料更关键，因为在内层的情况下是流体传送经过的表面或在外层的情况下是暴露于环境的层。此外，根据为这些层选择的材料，在外层和中间层之间和/或在中间层和内层之间可能存在胶粘剂层。
要理解的是，上文提到的本公开的特征和下面有待解释的特征不仅可以所示的相应组合使用，还可以其它组合或独立使用，而不脱离本发明的范围。
实施方案
根据本公开的多层管大致显示在图1中且附图标记为10。
在图1中提供多层管10。显示三个层，外层16、中间层20和内层22。用于层16、20和22的最有效制造方法是共挤。中间层在一些实施方案中可为管厚度的20-90％，在另一些实施方案中为厚度的30-80％。
各上述材料可以适应各自功能的等级提供。
外层可包括材料如PA610、PA612、PA1010或PA1012、PA9T。中间层20可包含PA6、PA66、PA610、PA612、PA12或PA11的至少一种。内层22可包含PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6的至少一种。中间层是成本低于外层或内层的材料并且是粘附于这些层的材料以致胶粘剂在图1中所示的实施方案中不是必需的。
第二实施方案显示在图2中，其中显示在外层和中间层之间以及在内层和中间层之间的胶粘剂层。胶粘剂可以是聚酰胺或其它已知的胶粘剂以粘附于三个主层中的聚酰胺。在图2中以横截面显示管30，其具有外层40、然后胶粘剂层42、中间层44、胶粘剂层46和内层48。中间层在一些实施方案中可为管厚度的20-90％，在另一些实施方案中为厚度的30-80％。各上述材料可以适应各自功能的等级提供。外层40可包含如PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6之类的材料。中间层44可包含PA6、PA66、PA610、PA612、PA12或PA11的至少一种。内层48可包含PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA9T、PPA或Nylon MXD6的至少一种。
第三实施方案显示在图3中，其除了不存在胶粘剂层46外等同于图2。图4显示第四实施方案，其除了不存在胶粘剂层42外等同于图2。
Claims (15)
1.一种多层管，其包含
外层，其包含脂族或芳族聚酰胺；
脂族聚酰胺的中间层，其构成所述多层管内的三个层的总厚度的20-90％；和
内层，其包含脂族或芳族聚酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中所述中间层构成所述总厚度的大约20-90％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中所述中间层构成所述总厚度的大约30-80％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中所述中间层进一步包含大约1-49重量％弹性体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其在温度为-40℃至150℃的变速箱冷却***中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其在大约-40℃至130℃的汽车加热和冷却***中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其具有光滑内膛或波纹表面。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中所述外层是选自PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA9T、PPA和Nylon MXD6的聚酰胺聚合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中所述外层是选自PA610、PA612、PA1010和PA1012的聚酰胺聚合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中所述中间层是选自PA6和PA66的聚酰胺聚合物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中所述中间层是选自PA6、PA610和PA612的聚酰胺聚合物。
12.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中所述内层是选自PA610、PA612、PA1010、PA1012、PA9T、PPA和Nylon MXD6的聚酰胺聚合物。
13.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中所述内层是PA610且所述中间层包含PA6。
14.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中胶粘剂层位于所述内层和所述中间层之间。
15.根据权利要求1所述的多层管，其中胶粘剂层位于所述中间层和所述外层之间。
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| CN202210291804.6A CN116838863A (zh) | 2022-03-23 | 2022-03-23 | 用于汽车应用的多层管 |
| US17/714,922 US20230304610A1 (en) | 2022-03-23 | 2022-04-06 | Multilayer tube for automotive applications |
| EP23163344.7A EP4249232A1 (en) | 2022-03-23 | 2023-03-22 | Multilayer tube for automotive applications |
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| US5093423A (en) * | 1990-09-24 | 1992-03-03 | The West Company, Incorporated | Method of making SBR thermoplastic elastomers |
| US5507320A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-04-16 | Plumley Companies, Inc. | Hose for an automobile fuel line |
| US6475582B1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2002-11-05 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.P.A. | Co-extruded, multi-layer tubing made from polyamide and olefin polymer materials |
| WO2006004698A1 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2006-01-12 | Polyone Corporation | Compatibilized thermoplastic elastomer compositions |
| US8389615B2 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2013-03-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Elastomeric compositions comprising vinylaromatic block copolymer, polypropylene, plastomer, and low molecular weight polyolefin |
| US9745461B2 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2017-08-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Vulcanized polymer blends |
| US7928164B2 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2011-04-19 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Homogeneous polymer blend and process of making the same |
| PL2089554T3 (pl) * | 2006-11-14 | 2013-10-31 | Aleris Aluminum Duffel Bvba | Rury wielowarstwowe zawierające stop aluminium odporny na pełzanie |
| US8686087B2 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2014-04-01 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Block composites in soft compounds |
| EP3204452A4 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2017-08-23 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoplastic polyolefin containing amorphous ethylene elastomer |
| US10364308B2 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-07-30 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoplastic polyolefin compositions |
| US10513601B2 (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2019-12-24 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Ethylene-propylene copolymers with amorphous and semi-crystalline components |
| EP3406440B1 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2022-11-02 | Cooper-Standard Automotive (Deutschland) GmbH | Multilayer tube for guiding fuel fluid and method of manufacturing same |
| US10920053B2 (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2021-02-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Propylene impact copolymer blends with improved gloss |
| CN113226763B (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2023-04-18 | Ube 株式会社 | 层叠体 |
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