CN116838258A - Laser-mechanical reaming bit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser-mechanical reaming bit, and belongs to the technical field of laser-mechanical combined drilling. The drilling medium drilling device mainly comprises a reaming and rock breaking system, a laser transmission and adjustment system, a drilling medium circulation system, a reaming bit shell and auxiliary parts. The invention controls the contraction and the extension of the slippage expansion reaming blade by changing the pressure change of the mud channel. The laser transmission and adjustment device can transmit laser generated on the well to the bottom of the well to act on the surface of the rock, the thermal shock effect, the thermal stress effect and the temperature effect of the laser can lead the rock to generate thermal cracks and even thermal spalling, weaken the strength of the rock, improve the reaming drillability of the rock, break the rock by matching with the impact effect and the shearing effect of the mechanical reaming bit, accelerate the breaking of the rock and realize the coupling of the laser thermal effect and the mechanical force effect. The invention combines the laser rock breaking with the mechanical reaming bit, can improve the reaming and rock breaking efficiency and increase the crude oil yield.

Description

Laser-mechanical reaming bit

Technical Field

The invention relates to a drilling and reaming device in the field of petroleum and natural gas engineering, in particular to a laser-mechanical reaming bit, belonging to the technical field of laser-mechanical combined rock breaking.

Background

At present, the annual consumption of fossil resources such as petroleum and natural gas in China is increasing year by year, however, land shallow layer and middle layer oil and gas resources which are easy to mine are basically exploited, and oil and gas resources such as deep layer, ultra deep layer and difficult-to-drill stratum are developed as the necessary trend of the petroleum industry. When deep and ultra-deep oil and gas wells are mined, the number of sleeve layers is increased, the diameter of the well is continuously reduced, the drilling efficiency is also lower, and a plurality of adverse effects are generated on well cementation and well completion operations. Reaming is a process for enlarging the well diameter on the basis of the original well hole by adopting a special drilling tool under the well, and is an indispensable step for fixing the well structure in the exploitation process of oil and gas resources. Through the underground reaming technology, the annular clearance of the sleeve can be increased under the condition of not changing the size of the sleeve, and the well cementation quality is improved.

At present, in deep drilling operation, the mechanical reamer bit is not only seriously worn, but also has low reaming efficiency, so that the overall crude oil yield is low, and in addition, the quality of a reamer hole is poor, so that the quality of the well body is poor.

Based on a series of problems of serious abrasion, low reaming efficiency, long reaming period, low crude oil yield and the like of a mechanical reaming bit during underground operation, the mechanical reaming and rock breaking technology is combined so as to reduce the reaming difficulty, improve the reaming efficiency and realize the effect of efficient laser-mechanical rock breaking. The laser rock breaking technology is a big hot spot in the current petroleum drilling field, when the laser irradiates the rock, the rock can generate thermal cracking and even thermal flaking due to the impact force action, the thermal stress action and the temperature action of the laser, the mechanical strength of the rock is reduced, and the reaming efficiency is greatly improved by further combining a mechanical reaming rock breaking mode. Therefore, it would be of exceptional significance if the laser technique could be combined with the mechanical reaming technique to achieve efficient reaming.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems of serious abrasion, low reaming efficiency, low crude oil yield and the like of the reaming bit when the mechanical reaming bit works in deep, ultra-deep and difficult-to-drill stratum, the laser-mechanical reaming bit is provided. According to the invention, the laser device is combined with the mechanical reaming bit, so that laser irradiation on the rock can realize the effect of laser energy on the surface of the rock, so that the rock is subjected to thermal shock effect, thermal stress effect and temperature effect to generate thermal cracks and even thermal spalling, the strength of the rock is weakened, the reaming drillability of the rock is improved, and then the rock is broken by matching with the impact effect and the shearing effect of the mechanical reaming bit, the rock breaking is accelerated, the coupling of the laser thermal effect and the mechanical force effect is realized, the reaming breaking efficiency is greatly improved, and the reaming speed of the reaming bit in a rock stratum is improved.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a laser-mechanical reaming bit which mainly comprises a laser transmission and adjustment system, a reaming and rock breaking system, a drilling medium circulation system, a reaming bit shell and auxiliary parts. The method is characterized in that:

the laser transmission and adjustment system consists of a power supply and control device, a laser generator, an optical fiber cable, a separator, a bolt, a cover plate, a laser head, a fixed block, a half-side cover plate, a screw, a lens group and a shunt. The laser generating part adopts wellhead combination, the scheme of arranging the laser device outside the well is adopted, the power supply and the control system control the power transmission power, the power is converted into laser beams after being transmitted to the laser, the laser beams enter the splitter through the laser channel, the laser beams are divided into the required laser beam quantity under the action of the splitter, the laser beams continue to be transmitted through the laser channel to reach the lens group, and finally rectangular laser is formed in the lens group.

The rock breaking system consists of four sliding expansion reaming blades which are uniformly distributed, a sliding rail a, a sliding rail b, a push-back spring, a push rod and a locking spring. The lower parts of the sliding expansion reaming blades are provided with protruding structures, the protruding structures can be embedded into grooves of the sliding rail a and the sliding rail b, and the sliding reaming blades are uniformly distributed by four blades.

The drilling medium circulation system consists of a plug board, a central spring, a mud pipeline, a mud channel and a cavity. When reaming is needed, a ball with the diameter of 3mm which is insoluble in mud is released from the well to control the change of internal pressure so as to realize the aim of expanding the sliding expansion reaming blade.

The reaming bit shell and the auxiliary parts comprise a flange plate, a shell body, a connecting sleeve, a sealing plate and a center spring. The flange plate is connected with the shell body through bolts, and the flange plate is connected with the separator through interference fit.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of the traditional reamer bit, the invention designs a laser-mechanical reamer bit. The laser-mechanical reaming bit combines the laser action and the mechanical action, uses the laser to radiate the rock surface to make the rock generate heat action so as to melt, crush and vaporize the rock, and then adopts the sliding expansion reaming blades to destroy the rock so as to achieve the aim of accelerating and enhancing the efficiency.

(2) Compared with the traditional mechanical reaming bit, the invention provides a laser-mechanical reaming bit. The laser-mechanical reaming bit can be used for reaming the drilled hole while drilling, namely, the drilling hole can be reamed while drilling, and the working efficiency of drilling and reaming is greatly improved.

(3) Compared with the traditional mechanical reaming bit, the invention designs the telescopic sliding expansion reaming blades, the four telescopic sliding expansion reaming blades are uniformly distributed at intervals of 90 degrees along the cylindrical drilling body at the middle part of the cylindrical drilling body, and the expansion of the sliding expansion reaming blades is further controlled by controlling the change of the fluid pressure in a runner designed in the laser-mechanical reaming bit.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following brief description of the drawings of the present invention will be made.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a laser-mechanical reamer bit arrangement of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser-mechanical reamer bit according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an initial state of a laser-mechanical reamer bit according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a laser-mechanical reamer bit of the present invention in preparation for reaming;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state of a laser-mechanical reamer bit according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a laser device for a laser-mechanical reamer bit according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a laser-mechanical reamer bit housing mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a sliding expansion reamer blade of a laser-mechanical reamer bit of the present invention;

the various references in the drawings are as follows:

1. laser transmission and adjustment system: 101-power supply and control device, 102-laser generator, 103-optical fiber cable, 104-separator, 105-bolt c, 106-cover plate, 107-laser head, 108-fixed block, 109-half cover plate, 110-screw b, 111-lens group, 112-shunt; 113-screw a, 114-laser channel;

2. reaming and rock breaking system: 201-back pushing springs, 202-sliding rail a, 203-sliding rail b, 204-sliding expansion reaming blades, 205-locking springs, 206-pushing rods, 207-drills, 208-drilling rods, 209-flat plates, 210-locking grooves, 20401-cutter teeth, 20402-convex blocks a and 20403-convex blocks b;

3. drilling medium circulation system: 301-plug plate, 302-central spring, 303-mud pipe, 304-mud channel, 305-cavity;

4. reamer bit housing and auxiliary parts: 401 flange, 402 bolts a, 403 housing body, 404 bolts b, 405 sealing plate, 406 connecting sleeve.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, "upper", "lower", "outer", "inner", "head", "tail", etc. are used in this disclosure only to express relative positional relationship, which may be changed accordingly when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples:

as shown in fig. 1, the power supply and control device 101 of the laser device and the laser generator 102 are arranged outside a well, laser is transmitted to the underground lens group 111 and the diverter 112 through the optical fiber cable 103, and then the laser acts on the rock through the laser head 107, and the rock is damaged by matching with the sliding expansion reaming blades 204 to finish reaming work.

As shown in fig. 2 and 6, the lower part of the separator 104 is cylindrical, and is provided with a groove which is the same as the tail part of the laser head 107 and is used for positioning the laser head 107, the separator 104 is provided with two fan-shaped channels connected with the splitter 111, and the lower part of the separator 104 is connected with the cover plate a106 through the bolt c105 so as to ensure that the lower part and the cover plate a are connected with the laser channels into a whole. The splitter 111 is provided with two mud splitting channels, a space for emitting laser is reserved for the laser outlet channel, and in order to ensure that the splitter 111 is positioned at the upper part of the splitter, four evenly distributed threaded holes are designed, the lower part of the splitter 111 is connected with the lens group 110 through the screw a113, so that the splitter and the lens group are integrally formed. The tail part of the laser head 107 is provided with a convex part, the convex part is connected with a groove at the lower part of the separator 104 in a nested way, and the head part of the separator 104 is designed to be thicker than the tail part in order to increase the strength of the separator 104; the rear part of the lens group 111 is connected with the head of the laser head 107 through two welded fixed blocks 108, two symmetrically distributed laser port channels are formed in the head, laser is emitted from the laser channels to act on rocks, the laser channels are rectangular, the energy density of the laser can be increased, the rock breaking effect is better, and the laser head 107 and the lens group 111 are fixed through threaded connection by the fixed blocks 108 with four threaded holes on the side edges at the rear part of the lens group 111. The cover plates are two, one is that the cover plate 106 can cover the inside of the separator 104 according to the joint surface of the separator 104, and the other is that the cover plate 106 is designed with two threaded holes which can be connected with bolts after being rotated by 30 degrees after being installed with the separator 104 according to a half cover plate 109 with two threaded holes of the joint surface of the fixed block 108.

As shown in fig. 3 and 8, the reaming and breaking system pushes back the spring 201, the sliding rail a202, the sliding rail b203, the sliding expansion reaming blade 204, the locking spring 205, the push rod 206, the drill bits 207, 208, the drill pipe, the flat plate 209, the locking groove 210, the cutter tooth 20401, the protruding block a20402 and the protruding block b20403. The contact surface of the sliding expansion reaming blade 204 and the rock stratum has a certain inclination, which is designed to be 20 degrees, and the cutter teeth 20401 on the sliding expansion reaming blade 204 are designed to be two rows, so that the upward and downward movement of the cutter teeth is ensured. The convex block a20402 has an axial positioning function, downward pulling force when the sliding expansion reaming blades 204 reset is guaranteed, the convex block b20403 is connected with a supporting piece, a guiding function is achieved, and the blades are uniformly distributed through four blades to reduce the influence of laser-assisted rock breaking. The upper end and the lower end of the push-back spring 4 are respectively welded with a flat plate 209, the upper part of the sliding rail a202 is welded with the flat plate at the lower part of the push-back spring 201, the lower part of the sliding rail b203 is welded with the push rod 206, and the two sliding rails are welded together.

As shown in fig. 7, the reamer head housing and the auxiliary components include a flange 401, a bolt a402, a housing body 403, a bolt b404, a sealing plate 405, and a connection sleeve 406. The flange plate is connected with the shell body through bolts a402, and the lower part of the flange plate 401 is connected with the separator 104 through interference fit.

Further, the important working principle of the invention is further supplemented by the following figures 3, 4 and 5:

as shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of the initial state of the present invention is shown. In the initial state, the sliding expansion reaming blades 204 are not expanded, the uphole mud pump applies a certain pressure to the mud, and the mud can be sprayed out from the bottom drill outlet through the intermediate mud channel. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention when the reamer is prepared.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the working state of the present invention. When reaming is needed, a ball with the diameter of 3mm which is insoluble in mud is released on the well, the ball reaches the position of the plug 301 through a mud channel, the plug 301 is blocked by the ball, under the action of mud pressure, the plug 301 moves rightwards, the mud passes through the mud channel 303, the mud reaches the locking tension spring 205 to be extruded upwards through the mud channel 303, the plug 301 passes through the mud channel 304, the mud passes through the mud channel 304 to reach the cavity 305, the push rod 206 is pushed to slide leftwards under the action of hydraulic pressure, the sliding rail a202 and the sliding rail b203 are driven to move leftwards, the push spring 201 is also extruded and contracted, the sliding expansion reaming blade 204 slides upwards under the pressure of the contact surface of the sliding rail b203 and the directional supporting force of the shell body 403 until the highest position, and when the locking groove 210 passes through the position of the locking spring 205 in the rightward process of the sliding rail b203, the locking spring 205 stretches upwards under the action of hydraulic pressure to clamp the locking groove 210 to lock the locking, and at the moment, the cavity 305 reaches the maximum space, the mud is filled, and the mud is sprayed outwards. Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the plug 301 continues to slide rightwards to the position of the mud channel with larger pipe diameter, and the mud of the middle pipeline is ensured to pass smoothly.

After the reaming and rock breaking system expands, the uphole control console opens the laser generating device 102, transmits the laser generating device to the laser head 107 through the optical fiber cable 103, reshapes the laser beam through the lens group 111, emits reshaped laser beams to laser channels on two sides, and finally starts the motor to start rotating the drill rod 208.

When reaming is finished, the power supply, the control device 101 and the laser generator 102 are stopped firstly, special substances which can dissolve a certain thickness on the surface of the small ball are released, the hole of the plug 301 is in a circulation state, the plug 301 starts to reset under the action of the central spring 302, when the plug is reset to a starting state, the slurry pipeline 303 loses extra hydraulic pressure, the locking spring 205 is pulled back, the reaming and rock breaking system is not locked any more, the sliding rail a202 is pushed to slide rightwards under the action of the pushing spring 201, the sliding rail b203 and the pushing rod 206 also slide rightwards, the sliding expansion reaming blade 204 and the sliding rail are in rail connection, and when the sliding rail b203 slides rightwards to be contacted with an inclined plane, the sliding expansion reaming blade 204 also starts to move downwards to be in situ.

As shown in fig. 6, two positioning blocks are welded at the tail of the laser channel 114 and are used for connecting the half cover plate 109, two positioning blocks are welded at the tail of the lens group 111 and are used for connecting the laser head 107, the lens group 111 is connected with the half cover plate 109 through a screw b110, and two symmetrical laser outlet channels are arranged at the front part of the lens group 111; the laser channel and the lens group 111 are longer in size, and are required to be supported stably, and the laser channel 114 and the lens group are fixed by threaded connection through a fixing block 108 with four threaded holes on the side edge at the tail of the lens group 111.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is intended to be limited to the following embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents and modifications can be made to the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. The laser-mechanical reaming bit is characterized by mainly comprising a laser transmission and adjustment system 1, a reaming and rock breaking system 2, a drilling medium circulation system 3, a reaming bit shell and auxiliary parts 4; the laser transmission and adjustment system consists of a power supply and control device 101, a laser generator 102, an optical fiber cable 103, a separator 104, a bolt c105, a cover plate 106, a laser head 107, a fixed block 108, a half cover plate 109, a screw b110, a lens group 111, a shunt 112 and a screw a 113; the divider 104 is provided with two fan-shaped channel connecting shunts 111, and the lower part of the divider 104 is connected with the cover plate a106 through bolts c105, so that the divider is connected with the laser channel 114 into a whole; the diverter 111 brings two mud diversion channels, a laser space is reserved for a laser outlet channel, and four evenly distributed threaded holes are designed at the upper part of the diverter 111 to ensure the positioning of the diverter 111; the tail of the laser head 107 is provided with a convex part which is connected with a groove at the lower part of the separator 104 through nesting; the tail part of the lens group 111 is connected with the head part of the laser head 107 through welding two fixing blocks 108, the head part of the lens group 111 is provided with two symmetrically distributed laser channels, and the tail part of the lens group 111 is connected with the laser head 107 and the lens group 111 through threads by using the fixing blocks 108 with four threaded holes on the side edges; two positioning blocks are welded at the tail of the laser channel 114 and used for connecting the half cover plate 109, the mirror group 111 is connected with the half cover plate 109 through a screw b110, and two symmetrical laser outlet channels are arranged at the front of the mirror group 111; the laser channel and the lens group 111 have longer size, and need to be supported stably, and the laser channel 114 and the lens group 111 are fixed by the fixing block 108 with four threaded holes on the side edges at the tail of the lens group 111 through threaded connection.

2. A laser-mechanical reamer bit according to claim 1, wherein: cutter teeth 20401 on sliding expansion reaming blades 204 in the reaming and breaking system 2 are designed into two rows, and four telescopic sliding expansion reaming blades 204 are uniformly distributed at intervals of 90 degrees along a cylindrical drill body; the convex block a20402 has an axial positioning function, so that downward pulling force is ensured when the sliding expansion reaming blade 204 is reset, and the convex block b20403 has a guiding function; the upper end and the lower end of the push-back spring 4 are respectively welded with a flat plate 209, the upper part of the sliding rail a202 is welded with the flat plate at the lower part of the push-back spring 201, the lower part of the sliding rail b203 is welded with the push rod 206, and the two sliding rails are welded together.