CN116810100A - Device for measuring molten drop temperature in wire arc additive manufacturing based on magnetic field deflection arc tail flame - Google Patents
Device for measuring molten drop temperature in wire arc additive manufacturing based on magnetic field deflection arc tail flame Download PDFInfo
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- CN116810100A CN116810100A CN202310645875.6A CN202310645875A CN116810100A CN 116810100 A CN116810100 A CN 116810100A CN 202310645875 A CN202310645875 A CN 202310645875A CN 116810100 A CN116810100 A CN 116810100A
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0037—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the heat emitted by liquids
- G01J5/004—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the heat emitted by liquids by molten metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/48—Thermography; Techniques using wholly visual means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
- G01K7/04—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples the object to be measured not forming one of the thermoelectric materials
Abstract
The application discloses a device for measuring the temperature of a molten drop in wire arc additive manufacturing based on magnetic field deflection arc tail flame, and relates to the technical field of arc additive manufacturing. The wire feeding mechanism feeds welding wires and forms molten drops under the action of an electric arc; the electromagnet applies an external magnetic field to generate an arc tail flame deflection angle so as to separate an arc from a metal molten drop falling into the calorimeter; the metal molten drop is dripped into the calorimeter, the calorimeter monitors the temperature change of the copper cylinder, the temperature of the molten drop reaching the surface of the calorimeter is calculated, the temperature loss of the molten drop is detected by using the thermal infrared imager, and the temperature loss is compensated to the temperature of the molten drop measured by the solid copper calorimeter, so that the relatively accurate temperature value of the molten drop is obtained. The application separates the arc tail flame from the droplet track to avoid the arc tail flame heating the solid calorimeter to interfere with the measurement of the droplet temperature, thereby improving the precision of the droplet temperature measurement, which has important theoretical significance and value for the temperature measurement and the forming mechanism research of additive manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of arc additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a device for measuring the temperature of molten drops in wire arc additive manufacturing based on magnetic field deflection arc tail flame.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is also called 3D printing and rapid forming, and is used for manufacturing solid parts by adopting a material layer-by-layer accumulation method based on a discrete and accumulation principle according to a three-dimensional model of the parts, and aluminum alloy additive manufacturing is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, mechanical manufacturing and the like. The arc additive manufacturing technology has the characteristics of high melting and depositing efficiency, simple equipment, low cost and the like, and is focused by researchers at home and abroad. In the additive process, the droplet state and the transient process directly determine the forming quality of the additive process. Therefore, the measurement of the state temperature of the molten drop and the in-situ control of the formation of the molten drop are of great significance.
The non-consumable electrode arc, especially the plasma, has the characteristics of good stability and high stiffness, can ensure the stability of the position of the molten drop point, and has great potential for improving the dimensional accuracy of the deposition layer. But the arc end flame also interferes with the measurement of droplet temperature. Secondly, the temperature loss of the molten drops in the falling process can exist, and the actual temperature of the molten drops reaching the surface of the workpiece can not be reflected. In this regard, a method of separating the arc tail flame and the movement track of the molten drop by an externally applied magnetic field is proposed on the basis of measuring the temperature of the molten drop by using a solid copper calorimeter, so as to avoid the arc tail flame heating the solid calorimeter and interfering with the measurement of the temperature of the molten drop. In addition, because the temperature measuring methods such as the thermal infrared imager and the like have the advantages of quick response and high temperature field resolution, the thermal infrared imager is used for detecting the temperature loss of the molten drop falling to a certain height, and the temperature loss is compensated to the temperature of the molten drop measured by the solid calorimeter. The accurate temperature value of the molten drop is comprehensively obtained, and the method has important theoretical significance and value for temperature measurement and forming mechanism research of additive manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a device for measuring the temperature of a molten drop in wire arc additive manufacturing based on a magnetic field deflection arc tail flame, which generates an arc tail flame deflection angle in a mode of applying an external magnetic field to separate the arc tail flame from a molten drop track, measures the temperature of the molten drop by using a solid copper calorimeter, monitors and records the temperature in the falling process of the molten drop in real time by using a thermal infrared imager, analyzes the temperature loss in the falling process of the molten drop to a certain height, and performs analysis and compensation on the temperature of the molten drop measured by the solid calorimeter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the device for measuring the temperature of the molten drops in the wire arc additive manufacturing based on the magnetic field deflection arc tail flame comprises a molten drop acquisition device, an externally applied magnetic field device and a molten drop temperature measuring system;
the droplet acquisition apparatus includes: the welding device comprises an arc welding power supply, a welding gun, a wire feeder, an anode water-cooling copper block and a protective gas cylinder; the wire feeder is connected with the welding gun through a wire feeder connecting plate, so that the welding gun and the wire feeder synchronously move, the welding gun is also connected with the gas cylinder, the wire feeder is also connected with an arc welding power supply, and the anode water-cooling copper block is positioned below the welding gun;
the externally applied magnetic field device comprises: electromagnet, arc tail flame baffle with small holes; the electromagnet is arranged below the anode water-cooling copper block, and the arc tail flame baffle plate with the small holes is arranged below the electromagnet;
the droplet temperature measurement system includes: the solid copper calorimeter consists of a copper cylinder, a plurality of thermocouples, a peripheral quartz cotton heat insulation layer, a protective shell and a quartz cotton cover; the solid copper calorimeter is electrically connected with the data acquisition card, the data acquisition card is electrically connected with the PC end, and the thermal infrared imager focuses on the molten drops between the solid copper calorimeter and the anode water-cooling copper block; the copper cylinder and the peripheral quartz cotton heat insulation layer are arranged in the protective shell, the quartz cotton cover is covered on the protective shell, and the plurality of thermocouples are arranged on the copper cylinder.
Preferably, in the plasma material adding process, the measuring steps of the measuring device are as follows:
step one: adjusting a three-dimensional movement mechanism to enable the centers of the anode water-cooling copper block and the welding gun to be kept at the same axis, placing the anode water-cooling copper block and the solid copper calorimeter at the position 8-10 mm below the nozzle, and placing an arc tail flame baffle with small holes right below the welding gun between the anode water-cooling copper block and the solid copper calorimeter;
step two: after the electric arc is ignited, the three-dimensional working sliding table is moved, the end part of the welding wire is arranged below the nozzle, the copper plate is moved to the position, which is about 5mm away from the tungsten electrode shaft, of the side wall of the copper plate, so that the electric arc is suspended, and the molten drops can drop downwards normally;
step three: starting the heating device, then starting the material-adding fuse device, namely starting the liquid cooling water tank and the protective gas, opening a gas cylinder knob to regulate argon, starting a welding gun, preheating a substrate, starting the wire feeder to obtain molten metal droplets, and blocking the droplets by using an arc tail flame baffle with small holes; observing a molten drop acquisition device from the side direction, wherein molten drops drop from the front of one side edge of the anode water-cooled copper block;
step four: placing an electromagnet below the anode water-cooling copper block according to the requirement to apply an external magnetic field parallel to an arc tail flame baffle with a small hole so as to generate deflection of the arc tail flame, and separating a molten drop track performing a horizontal projectile motion from the arc tail flame so as to prevent the arc tail flame from heating a solid copper calorimeter to interfere with the measurement of the molten drop temperature;
step five: after the arc tail flame deviates from a certain distance and the molten drops are transited and stabilized, adjusting the position of an arc tail flame baffle plate with small holes, enabling the molten drops to continuously fall through the small holes on the arc tail flame baffle plate with small holes and enabling part of the baffle plate to block the arc tail flame, enabling the metal molten drops to drop into a solid copper calorimeter through the small holes on the arc tail flame baffle plate with small holes, collecting the dropped molten drops, monitoring temperature change caused by a copper cylinder by utilizing a thermocouple in the solid calorimeter, and recording a molten drop temperature curve in real time;
step six: after the molten drops are collected for a period of time, stopping feeding the wire and extinguishing the arc, and after the heat is fully absorbed, covering the solid copper calorimeter with an insulating quartz cotton heat insulation pad to ensure that the temperature is constant and not easy to lose;
step seven: after the temperature curve is stable and the solid copper calorimeter fully absorbs the heat of the molten drop, focusing an infrared thermal camera on the molten drop between the anode water-cooled copper block and the solid copper calorimeter by matching with a temperature curve fitting method, observing and recording the temperature loss in the process of dropping the molten drop by using the infrared thermal camera, analyzing to obtain the temperature loss delta T in the process of dropping the molten drop, and weighting and compensating the temperature loss delta T into the temperature T of the molten drop measured by the solid calorimeter to obtain a relatively accurate temperature value of the molten drop;
step eight: repeating the above steps for three times or more to make an error bar, thereby enhancing the reliability of the data.
Preferably, four to eight thermocouples are sequentially arranged at different heights of the copper cylinder from top to bottom in the solid copper calorimeter, the temperature result data acquired by the anode water-cooling copper block are averaged, adverse effects on the temperature measurement result caused by the hysteresis of heat conduction are avoided, and the temperature measurement accuracy is improved.
Preferably, an external magnetic field with the size of 270 to 290 millitesla is applied by an electromagnet, and the direction of the external magnetic field is parallel to the aluminum alloy baffle plate, so that an arc tail flame deflection angle is generated, the arc is separated from a metal molten drop falling into the solid copper calorimeter, the purpose of deviating the arc tail flame and the molten drop track is achieved, the arc tail flame is prevented from heating the solid calorimeter to interfere with the measurement of the molten drop temperature, and the precision of the molten drop temperature measurement is improved.
Preferably, a round hole is arranged on the arc tail flame baffle plate with the small hole, so that molten drops can uniformly pass through the round hole on the arc tail flame baffle plate with the small hole and drop into the solid copper calorimeter; and a part of the arc tail flame baffle plate with the small holes shields the arc tail flame to eliminate the interference of the arc tail flame on the temperature of the molten drop.
Preferably, the welding wire used is an aluminium or copper non-ferrous wire.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in:
(1) Compared with the prior art, the discharge magnet is used for applying an external magnetic field, the external magnetic field is applied by the electromagnet, so that an arc tail flame deflection angle is generated, the arc is separated from a metal droplet falling into the solid copper calorimeter, the purpose of deviating the arc tail flame and the droplet track is achieved, the arc tail flame is prevented from heating the solid calorimeter to interfere with the measurement of the droplet temperature, and the accuracy of the droplet temperature measurement is improved.
(2) Compared with other temperature measurement methods, the application can better overcome the error caused by temperature dissipation in the molten drop state temperature measurement by adopting the solid copper calorimeter, and average the temperature result data acquired by the copper block, thereby avoiding adverse effect of heat conduction hysteresis on the temperature measurement result and improving the temperature measurement accuracy.
(3) According to the application, the method for measuring the temperature of the molten drops is combined by the thermal infrared imager, and the temperature loss in the process of dropping the molten drops is analyzed by real-time observation and recording of the temperature in the process of dropping the molten drops through the thermal infrared imager, so that the temperature of the molten drops measured by the solid calorimeter is analyzed and compensated, and the relatively accurate temperature of the molten drops is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a measuring device employing a paraxial wire feed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic left-hand view of a droplet pickup device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solid copper calorimeter;
FIG. 4 is a graph of temperature measured by a thermocouple in a solid calorimeter;
in the figure: 1. arc welding power supply; 2. a welding gun; 3. a wire feeder; 4. anode water-cooling copper block; 5. an electromagnet; 6. a PC end; 7. a protective gas cylinder; 8. an infrared thermal camera; 9. a solid copper calorimeter; 91. a copper cylinder; 911. a first thermocouple; 912. a second thermocouple; 913. a third thermocouple; 914. a fourth thermocouple; 915. a fifth thermocouple; 916. a sixth thermocouple; 92. a peripheral quartz cotton heat insulating layer; 93. a protective shell; 94. a quartz cotton cover; 10. arc tail flame baffle with small holes; 11. and a data acquisition card.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The basic idea of the application is that: the method for separating the arc tail flame and the movement track of the molten drop by an externally applied magnetic field is used for avoiding the interference of the arc tail flame heating a solid calorimeter with the measurement of the temperature of the molten drop, so that the precision of the measurement of the temperature of the molten drop is improved. The solid copper calorimeter 9 is adopted to measure the temperature of the molten drops, four to eight thermocouples in the solid copper calorimeter 9 are sequentially arranged at different heights of the copper cylinder 91 from top to bottom, the acquired temperature results are averaged, and adverse effects of hysteresis quality of heat conduction on the temperature measurement results are avoided; the temperature loss of the molten drop falling to a certain height is detected by using an infrared thermal camera 8, and the temperature loss is compensated to the molten drop temperature measured by a solid calorimeter, so that a relatively accurate temperature value of the molten drop is obtained.
As shown in fig. 1, the droplet acquisition apparatus includes: the welding device comprises an arc welding power supply 1, a welding gun 2, a wire feeder 3, an anode water-cooling copper block 4 and a protective gas cylinder 7; the wire feeder 3 is connected with the welding gun 2 through a wire feeder connecting plate, so that the welding gun 2 and the wire feeder 3 synchronously move, the welding gun 2 is also connected with the gas cylinder 7, the wire feeder 3 is also connected with the arc welding power supply 1, and the anode water-cooling copper block 4 is positioned below the welding gun 2;
the externally applied magnetic field device comprises: an electromagnet 5 and an arc tail flame baffle 10 with small holes; the electromagnet 5 is arranged below the anode water-cooling copper block 4, and the arc tail flame baffle 10 with small holes is arranged below the electromagnet 5;
the droplet temperature measurement system includes: the solid copper calorimeter 9, the infrared thermal camera 8, the data acquisition card 11 and the PC end 6 are shown in fig. 3, wherein the solid copper calorimeter 9 consists of a copper cylinder 91, a plurality of thermocouples, a peripheral quartz cotton heat insulation layer 92, a protective shell 93 and a quartz cotton cover 94; the solid copper calorimeter 9 is electrically connected with the data acquisition card 11, the data acquisition card 11 is electrically connected with the PC end 6, and the thermal infrared imager 8 focuses on the molten drops between the solid copper calorimeter 9 and the anode water-cooling copper block 4; a copper cylinder 91 and a peripheral quartz wool insulation layer 92 are provided in the protective casing 93, a quartz wool cover 94 is provided over the protective casing 93, and a plurality of thermocouples are provided on the copper cylinder 91.
In the plasma additive manufacturing process, a wire feeder 3 is connected with a welding gun 2 through a wire feeder connecting plate, so that the welding gun 2 and the wire feeder 3 synchronously move, the welding gun 2 is also connected with a gas cylinder 7, and the outlet flow of argon is regulated; in the device, the distance between the nozzle and the anode water-cooling copper block 4 is 8 mm, the end part of the welding wire is positioned at the position 3mm below the nozzle, and the axis of the anode water-cooling copper block 4 and the axis of the welding gun 2 deviate by 5mm. The anode water-cooling copper block and the axis of the welding gun have proper relative positions by adjusting the three-dimensional movement mechanism. Through the external electromagnet 5, a directional magnetic field is generated below the anode water-cooling copper block 4 to change the direction of the arc tail flame, so that the drop is separated from the arc tail flame track in a quasi-horizontal throwing manner. After the arc tail flame deviates from a certain distance and the molten drops are transitionally stable, the position of the arc tail flame baffle 10 with small holes is adjusted, so that the molten drops continuously fall through the small holes on the arc tail flame baffle 10 with small holes and part of the baffle stops the arc tail flame, and the molten drops are dripped from the front side of one side edge of the water-cooled copper block by observing the molten drop acquisition device (shown in figure 2) in the side view direction. The solid copper calorimeter 9 is used for collecting the molten drop passing through the small hole, and the temperature change of the molten drop to the copper cylinder 91 is measured by a thermocouple, and the temperature of the molten drop reaching the surface of the solid copper calorimeter 9 can be calculated by combining the temperature change of the copper cylinder 91. The infrared thermal camera 8 focuses on the molten drops between the anode water-cooled copper block 4 and the solid copper calorimeter 9 to monitor the loss of the falling height temperature of the molten drops and compensate the temperature of the molten drops measured by the solid copper calorimeter 9.
The solid copper calorimeter 9 shown in fig. 3 is composed of a copper cylinder 91 wrapped by heat insulation material quartz wool, a first thermocouple 911-a sixth thermocouple 916, a peripheral quartz wool heat insulation layer 92, a protective shell 93 and a quartz wool cover 94, wherein the copper cylinder 91 absorbs the heat of molten drops; the quartz cotton wrapped on the periphery of the copper cylinder 91 and the quartz cotton cover 94 on the top are used for heat insulation and preservation, so that the drop temperature is kept as low as possible; the six thermocouples are sequentially arranged at different heights of the copper cylinder 91 from top to bottom, the temperature result data collected by the anode water-cooling copper block 4 are averaged, and the diameter of the copper cylinder 9 is 50mm and the height is 50mm. The solid copper calorimeter 9 is located 150 mm below the nozzle, which is 110 mm from the foraminous arc tail flame baffle 10. The temperature is measured in real time by passing through the solid copper calorimeter 9, and finally the temperature curve measured by the thermocouple in the solid copper calorimeter 9 is shown in fig. 4.
In the molten drop falling process, the deflection angle of the arc tail flame is changed by applying an external magnetic field by the electromagnet 5, so that the purpose of deviating the track of the arc tail flame and the track of the molten drop of metal is achieved, and the problem that the arc tail flame heats the solid copper calorimeter 9 to interfere with the measurement of the temperature of the molten drop is avoided, so that the accuracy of the measurement temperature of the molten drop is improved.
The solid copper has the characteristics of good heat conductivity, low thermal inertia, high response speed to temperature and the like, is favorable for temperature measurement, and adopts the solid copper calorimeter 9 to measure the temperature of the molten drops. The droplet temperature measurement system consists of a solid copper calorimeter 9 and an infrared thermal camera 8. The solid copper calorimeter 9 consists of a copper cylinder 91 wrapped by heat-insulating material quartz wool and six thermocouples, averages the temperature result data collected by the anode water-cooling copper block 4, avoids adverse effect of heat conduction on the temperature measurement result, and improves the temperature measurement accuracy. The infrared thermal camera 8 is used for analyzing the measurement error of the solid copper calorimeter 9, the infrared thermal camera 8 is used for detecting the temperature loss of molten drops falling to a certain height, and the temperature loss is compensated to the temperature of the molten drops measured by the solid calorimeter, so that the relatively accurate temperature value of the molten drops is obtained.
Example 1:
the improved plasma arc additive manufacturing equipment is used for measuring the deposition molten drop temperature, as shown in fig. 1, the required equipment is connected according to the graph, a power supply used in the additive process is a plasma arc welding power supply, the center of the anode water-cooling copper block 4 and the center of the welding gun 2 are kept at the same axis through adjusting the three-dimensional movement mechanism, and the welding wire and the welding gun can keep a synchronous relation of relative movement.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one: the three-dimensional movement mechanism is regulated to keep the centers of the anode water-cooling copper block 4 and the welding gun 2 at the same axis, the anode water-cooling copper block 4 and the solid copper calorimeter 9 are placed at the position 8 to 10 mm below the nozzle, and an arc tail flame baffle 10 with small holes is placed between the anode water-cooling copper block 4 and the solid copper calorimeter and is arranged right below the welding gun 2.
Step two: after the electric arc is ignited, the three-dimensional working sliding table is moved, the end part of the welding wire is arranged below the nozzle, the copper plate is moved to the position, which is about 5mm away from the tungsten electrode shaft, of the side wall of the copper plate, so that the electric arc is suspended, and the molten drops can drop downwards normally.
Step three: starting the heating device, then starting the material-adding fuse device, putting the aluminum alloy wire into a wire feeder, turning on a power supply of the wire feeder, setting the wire feeding speed to be 3m/min, setting the distance between a wire feeding head and an anode water-cooling copper block 4 to be 20 DEG, adjusting the air flow of argon to be 20L/min, turning off the argon after ventilation for 5 minutes, turning on a welding machine to select alternating current, and performing arc striking; starting a wire feeder and a power supply, running according to a pre-edited program, starting additive manufacturing to obtain molten metal droplets, and blocking the dripped droplets by using an arc tail flame baffle plate 10 with small holes. The droplet taking device is observed from the side direction, and the droplet is dripped from the front of one side edge of the anode water-cooling copper block 4.
Step four: an electromagnet 5 is placed below the anode water-cooling copper block 4 according to the requirement to apply an external magnetic field with the size of 280 millitesla, and the direction of the external magnetic field is parallel to the aluminum alloy baffle plate, so that an arc tail flame deflection angle is generated, and the molten drop track is separated from the arc tail flame, so that the arc tail flame is prevented from heating a solid calorimeter to interfere with the measurement of the molten drop temperature.
Step five: after the arc tail flame deviates from a certain distance and the molten drop is transited and stabilized, the position of the arc tail flame baffle 10 with small holes is adjusted, so that the molten drop continuously falls through the small holes on the arc tail flame baffle 10 with small holes and part of the baffle stops the arc tail flame, the metal molten drop is dripped into the solid copper calorimeter 9 through the small holes on the arc tail flame baffle 10 with small holes, the dripped molten drop is collected, the temperature change caused by the copper cylinder 91 is monitored by utilizing a thermocouple in the solid copper calorimeter 9, and the molten drop temperature curve is recorded in real time.
Step six: after molten drops are collected for a period of time, wire feeding and arc extinction are stopped, and after heat absorption is fully carried out, an insulating quartz cotton heat insulation pad is covered on the solid copper calorimeter 9, so that the constant temperature of the solid copper calorimeter is ensured to be difficult to disperse.
Step seven: after the temperature curve is stable and the solid copper calorimeter fully absorbs the heat of the molten drops, the infrared thermal camera 8 is matched with a temperature curve fitting method to focus the molten drops between the anode water-cooled copper block 4 and the solid copper calorimeter 9, the temperature loss of the molten drops in the process of falling to a certain height is observed and recorded by the infrared thermal camera 8, the temperature loss in the process of falling is obtained through analysis, and the temperature loss is compensated to the temperature of the molten drops measured by the solid copper calorimeter 9 in a weighting manner, so that the relatively accurate temperature value of the molten drops is obtained.
Step eight: repeating the above steps for three times or more to make an error bar, thereby enhancing the reliability of the data.
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any person skilled in the art, based on the technical solution of the present application and the inventive concept thereof, can be replaced or changed within the scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The device for measuring the temperature of the molten drops in the wire arc additive manufacturing based on the magnetic field deflection arc tail flame is characterized by comprising a molten drop acquisition device, an externally applied magnetic field device and a molten drop temperature measurement system;
the droplet acquisition apparatus includes: an arc welding power supply (1), a welding gun (2), a wire feeder (3), an anode water-cooling copper block (4) and a protective gas cylinder (7); the wire feeder (3) is connected with the welding gun (2) through a wire feeder connecting plate, so that the welding gun (2) and the wire feeder (3) synchronously move, the welding gun (2) is also connected with the protective gas cylinder (7), the wire feeder (3) is also connected with the arc welding power supply (1), and the anode water-cooling copper block (4) is positioned below the welding gun (2);
the externally applied magnetic field device comprises: an electromagnet (5), an arc tail flame baffle (10) with small holes; the electromagnet (5) is arranged below the anode water-cooling copper block (4), and the arc tail flame baffle (10) with the small holes is arranged below the electromagnet (5);
the droplet temperature measurement system includes: the solid copper calorimeter (9), an infrared thermal camera (8), a data acquisition card (11) and a PC end (6), wherein the solid copper calorimeter (9) consists of a copper cylinder (91), a plurality of thermocouples and a peripheral quartz cotton heat insulation layer (92), a protective shell (93) and a quartz cotton cover (94); the solid copper calorimeter (9) is electrically connected with the data acquisition card (11), the data acquisition card (11) is electrically connected with the PC end (6), and the thermal infrared imager (8) is focused on the molten drops between the solid copper calorimeter (9) and the anode water-cooling copper block (4); a copper cylinder (91) and a peripheral quartz cotton heat insulation layer (92) are arranged in a protective shell (93), a quartz cotton cover (94) covers the protective shell (93), and a plurality of thermocouples are arranged on the copper cylinder (91).
2. The device for measuring the temperature of molten drops in wire arc additive manufacturing based on a magnetic field deflection arc tail flame according to claim 1, wherein in the plasma additive measuring process, the measuring steps of the device are as follows:
step one: the three-dimensional movement mechanism is regulated, so that the centers of the anode water-cooling copper block (4) and the welding gun (2) are kept at the same axis, the anode water-cooling copper block (4) and the solid copper calorimeter (9) are placed at the position 8 to 10 mm below the nozzle, and an arc tail flame baffle (10) with small holes is placed between the anode water-cooling copper block (4) and the solid copper calorimeter (9) and is positioned right below the welding gun (2);
step two: after the electric arc is ignited, the three-dimensional working sliding table is moved, the end part of the welding wire is arranged below the nozzle, the copper plate is moved to the position, which is 5mm away from the tungsten electrode shaft, of the side wall of the copper plate, so that the electric arc is suspended, and the molten drops drop downwards and normally drop;
step three: starting a heating device, then starting a material adding fuse device, namely starting a liquid cooling water tank and shielding gas, opening a gas cylinder knob to regulate argon, starting a welding gun (2), preheating a substrate, starting a wire feeder (3) to obtain molten metal droplets, and blocking the dripped droplets by using an arc tail flame baffle (10) with small holes; observing a molten drop acquisition device from the side direction, wherein molten drops drop from the front of one side edge of the anode water-cooling copper block (4);
step four: an electromagnet is placed below the anode water-cooling copper block (4) according to the requirement to apply an external magnetic field parallel to an arc tail flame baffle (10) with a small hole so as to generate deflection of the arc tail flame, so that a droplet track performing a horizontal projectile motion is separated from the arc tail flame, and the arc tail flame is prevented from heating a solid copper calorimeter (9) to interfere with measurement of droplet temperature;
step five: after the arc tail flame deviates from a certain distance and the molten drops are transited and stabilized, the position of an arc tail flame baffle (10) with small holes is adjusted, so that the molten drops continuously fall through the small holes on the arc tail flame baffle (10) with small holes and part of the baffle stops the arc tail flame, the metal molten drops are dripped into a solid copper calorimeter (9) through the small holes on the arc tail flame baffle (10) with small holes, the dripped molten drops are collected, the temperature change caused by a copper cylinder (91) is monitored by utilizing a thermocouple in the solid calorimeter, and the molten drop temperature curve is recorded in real time;
step six: after molten drops are collected for a period of time, stopping feeding wires and extinguishing arcs, and after heat is fully absorbed, covering the solid copper calorimeter (9) with an insulating quartz cotton heat insulation pad (94) to ensure that the temperature is constant and not easy to lose;
step seven: after the temperature curve is stable and the solid copper calorimeter (9) completely absorbs the heat of the molten drops, focusing the infrared thermal camera (8) on the molten drops between the anode water-cooled copper block (4) and the solid copper calorimeter (9) by matching with a temperature curve fitting method, observing and recording the temperature loss of the molten drops in a certain height process by using the infrared thermal camera (8), analyzing to obtain the temperature loss delta T of the molten drops in the falling process, and weighting and compensating the temperature loss delta T to the molten drop temperature T measured by the solid calorimeter to obtain a relatively accurate temperature value of the molten drops;
step eight: repeating the above steps for three times or more to make an error bar, thereby enhancing the reliability of the data.
3. The device for measuring the temperature of molten drops in wire arc additive manufacturing based on magnetic field deflection arc tail flame according to claim 1, wherein four to eight thermocouples are sequentially arranged at different heights of a copper cylinder (91) from top to bottom in a solid copper calorimeter (9), temperature result data acquired by an anode water-cooled copper block (4) are averaged, adverse influence of heat conduction hysteresis on a temperature measurement result is avoided, and temperature measurement accuracy is improved.
4. The device for measuring the droplet temperature in wire arc additive manufacturing based on magnetic field deflection arc tail flame according to claim 1, characterized in that an external magnetic field with the size of 270 to 290 millitesla is applied by an electromagnet (5) and the direction of the external magnetic field is parallel to an aluminum alloy baffle plate, so that an arc tail flame deflection angle is generated, an arc is separated from a metal droplet falling into a solid copper calorimeter (9), the purpose of deviating the arc tail flame and the droplet track is achieved, and the problem that the arc tail flame heats the solid calorimeter to interfere with the measurement of the droplet temperature is avoided, so that the accuracy of the droplet temperature measurement is improved.
5. The device for measuring the temperature of molten drops in wire arc additive manufacturing based on magnetic field deflection arc tail flame according to claim 1, wherein a round hole is arranged on the arc tail flame baffle plate (10) with a small hole, so that molten drops uniformly pass through the round hole on the arc tail flame baffle plate (10) with a small hole and drop into the solid copper calorimeter (9); and a part of the arc tail flame baffle plate (10) with small holes is used for shielding the arc tail flame to eliminate the interference of the arc tail flame on the temperature of the molten drop.
6. The device for measuring the temperature of molten drops in wire arc additive manufacturing based on a magnetic field deflection arc tail flame according to claim 1, wherein the welding wire used is an aluminum or copper nonferrous metal wire.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310645875.6A CN116810100A (en) | 2023-06-02 | 2023-06-02 | Device for measuring molten drop temperature in wire arc additive manufacturing based on magnetic field deflection arc tail flame |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310645875.6A CN116810100A (en) | 2023-06-02 | 2023-06-02 | Device for measuring molten drop temperature in wire arc additive manufacturing based on magnetic field deflection arc tail flame |
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