CN116800090B - Driving circuit of switching power supply and switching power supply - Google Patents
Driving circuit of switching power supply and switching power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN116800090B CN116800090B CN202311053594.8A CN202311053594A CN116800090B CN 116800090 B CN116800090 B CN 116800090B CN 202311053594 A CN202311053594 A CN 202311053594A CN 116800090 B CN116800090 B CN 116800090B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a driving circuit of a switching power supply and the switching power supply, which belong to the technical field of electronic circuits, and in detail, the driving circuit of the switching power supply comprises a starting circuit and a rear-stage circuit connected with the starting circuit, wherein the starting circuit comprises an energy storage unit, a first charging branch, a charging regulation branch and a second charging branch connected in parallel with the first charging branch; the first charging branch is conducted when the charging voltage and the energy storage voltage difference of the energy storage unit are larger than a preset conducting voltage so as to charge the energy storage unit; and the charging regulation branch circuit generates a reference signal when the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit reaches a preset starting value, acquires a charging sampling signal, outputs a charging control signal for controlling the on-off of the second charging branch circuit based on the charging sampling signal and the reference signal, and is used for outputting a power supply voltage to the rear-stage circuit through the energy storage unit so as to start the rear-stage circuit. The effect of being convenient for drive to switching power supply is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electronic circuits, and in particular, to a driving circuit of a switching power supply and a switching power supply.
Background
The switching power supply is one of electric energy conversion equipment and comprises a transformer, a driving chip, a switching tube and other components, and the switching tube is controlled to be switched on and off through the driving chip, so that the switching tube can regulate the output voltage of the transformer, and the switching power supply can realize conversion and output between different voltage levels.
In the related art, the driving chip generally supplies power by setting an auxiliary coil of the transformer, however, because the transformer has a coupling relationship between coils, the power supply voltage output by the auxiliary coil is affected by the secondary coil of the transformer, so that the power supply voltage provided by the auxiliary coil is not stable enough, and the driving of the switch is not stable enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to facilitate driving of a switching power supply, the application provides a driving circuit of the switching power supply and the switching power supply.
In a first aspect, the application provides a driving circuit of a switching power supply and a switching power supply, which adopt the following technical scheme:
the driving circuit of the switching power supply comprises a starting circuit and a post-stage circuit connected with the starting circuit, wherein the starting circuit comprises an energy storage unit, a first charging branch, a charging regulation branch and a second charging branch connected in parallel with the first charging branch;
the first charging branch is connected between the energy storage unit and the charging voltage and is used for being conducted when the charging voltage and the energy storage voltage difference of the energy storage unit are larger than a preset conducting voltage so as to charge the energy storage unit; wherein the charging voltage is derived from a primary coil of a transformer;
the charging regulation branch is connected with the energy storage unit and the second charging branch and is used for generating a reference signal when the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit reaches a preset starting value, acquiring a charging sampling signal, and outputting a charging control signal for controlling the on-off of the second charging branch based on the charging sampling signal and the reference signal so as to control the charging of the energy storage unit;
the energy storage unit is used for outputting a power supply voltage to the post-stage circuit so as to start the post-stage circuit.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the primary coil of transformer is electrified in switching power supply is the time instant, the energy storage voltage of energy storage unit is zero, the voltage that charges at this moment with the energy storage voltage difference of energy storage unit is greater than and presets the break-over voltage, the energy storage unit charges through first charging branch road, generate reference signal when the energy storage voltage of energy storage unit reaches the default starting value, charge and adjust the branch road and begin work, obtain the sampling signal that charges and based on sampling signal and reference signal output charge control signal, with the break-make of control second branch road that charges, realize the control to the energy storage unit charges through the control to the second branch road that charges, and utilize the energy storage unit to export power supply voltage in order to start the later stage circuit to the later stage circuit, thereby realized being convenient for to switching power supply's drive effect.
Optionally, the first charging branch includes a first diode D1 and a first resistor R1;
the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with the charging voltage, the anode of the first diode D1 is connected with one end of the first resistor R1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the energy storage unit; the first diode D1 is a zener diode.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the transformer is electrified to provide charging voltage, and the energy storage voltage of energy storage unit is zero this moment, first diode D1 both ends voltage is greater than and presets the turn-on voltage, make first diode D1 reverse switch on, charging voltage is through first diode D1 and first resistor R1 input to energy storage unit, in order to charge energy storage unit, along with the rising of energy storage unit voltage, the voltage difference between charging voltage and the energy storage unit is less than and presets the turn-on voltage, make first diode D1 cut off, the power supply of charging voltage to energy storage unit has been cut off promptly, thereby can be automatically according to the break-make between energy storage unit's energy storage voltage control charging voltage and the energy storage unit through first diode D1.
Optionally, the second charging branch includes a second diode D2 and a second resistor R2;
the anode of the second diode D2 is connected with the charging regulation branch, the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected with one end of the second resistor R2, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the energy storage unit.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, charging voltage charges to the energy storage unit through second diode D2 and second resistor R2, and after first charging circuit cuts off, utilize second diode D2 and second resistor R2 to provide another route between charging voltage and the energy storage unit, be convenient for control the charging of energy storage unit through charging regulation branch road after first charging branch road cuts off.
Optionally, the charging sampling signal includes an energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit and a current of the second charging branch; the reference signal comprises a voltage reference signal Vref and a current reference signal Iref;
the charging regulation branch circuit comprises a reference signal generation sub-circuit, a current sampler CS, a current comparator ICMP, a voltage comparator VCMP, an AND gate AND AND an electronic switch K1;
the reference signal generation sub-circuit is connected with the energy storage unit and is used for outputting the voltage reference signal Vref and the current reference signal Iref when the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit reaches the preset starting value;
the sampling end of the current sampler CS is connected with the second charging branch in series, and the output end of the current sampler CS is connected with the current comparator ICMP;
a first input end of the current comparator ICMP is connected with an output end of the current sampler CS, a second input end of the current comparator ICMP is connected with a current reference signal Iref, AND an output end of the current comparator ICMP is connected with a first input end of the AND gate;
a first input end of the voltage comparator VCMP is connected with the energy storage unit, a second input end of the voltage comparator VCMP is connected with the voltage reference signal Vref, AND an output end of the voltage comparator VCMP is connected with a second input end of the AND gate AND;
the output end of the AND gate AND is connected with the control end of the electronic switch K1, AND the electronic switch K1 is connected with the second charging branch in series.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit reaches the preset starting value, the reference signal generating sub-circuit is utilized to output the voltage reference signal Vref AND the current reference signal Iref, so that the current sampler CS samples the charging current of the second charging branch, the sampling current is input to the first input end of the current comparator ICMP, the sampling current is conveniently compared with the current reference signal Iref, the first input end of the second charging branch is conveniently compared with the voltage reference signal Vref, the comparison result of the voltage comparator VCMP AND the current comparator ICMP is input to the AND gate AND, AND the level signal for controlling the electronic switch K1 is output through logic judgment of the AND gate AND, so that the effect of controlling the on-off of the second charging branch through the charging current of the second charging branch AND the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit is realized.
Optionally, the supply voltage of the first charging branch is greater than the supply voltage of the second charging branch.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, first branch road and the second branch road that charges set up different supply voltage for can make the energy storage unit start the later stage circuit through the charging of first branch road that charges fast when the transformer just powers on, also be convenient for simultaneously carry out comparatively accurate control to the charging of energy storage unit through the second branch road that charges.
Optionally, the system further comprises a state switching circuit and a control circuit; the post-stage circuit comprises a signal generating circuit;
the signal generating circuit is connected with a primary coil of the transformer, the state switching circuit and the energy storage unit, responds to the starting of the energy storage voltage, samples energy storage current of the primary coil, and generates a state switching signal according to the energy storage current;
the state switching circuit is connected with the primary coil, the first charging branch and the charging regulation branch, the working state of the state switching circuit comprises a charging state and an energy storage state, and the working state is switched in response to the state switching signal so as to provide charging voltage in the charging state and output an energy storage control signal in the energy storage state; wherein the initial working state of the state switching circuit is a charging state;
and the control circuit is connected with the state switching circuit and responds to the energy storage control signal to control the on-off of the primary coil.
By adopting the technical scheme, the energy storage unit supplies power to the signal generation circuit, so that the signal generation circuit is started to sample the energy storage current of the primary coil and generate a state switching signal according to the energy storage current, and the state switching circuit responds to the state switching circuit to switch the working state of the energy storage unit. On the other hand, the energy storage control signal is generated to drive the control circuit, so that the control circuit controls the on-off of the primary coil, and the effect of controlling the output voltage of the switching power supply is achieved.
Optionally, the state switching circuit includes an LDMOS structure; the LDMOS structure comprises a depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 and a first transistor M1;
the grid electrode of the first transistor M1 is connected with the signal generating circuit, the source electrode of the first transistor M is connected with the control circuit, and the grid electrode of the depletion type JEFT tube Q1 is connected; the drain electrode of the first transistor M1 is connected with the primary coil and the drain electrode of the depletion type JEFT tube Q1;
the source electrode of the depletion type JEFT pipe Q1 is connected with the first charging branch circuit and the charging adjusting branch circuit.
By adopting the technical scheme, the LDMOS structure is simple in structure, convenient for circuit integration and capable of simultaneously meeting the requirements of providing stable charging voltage and energy storage control signals. When the state switching circuit is in a charging state, the first transistor M1 is turned off, the depletion type JEFT pipe Q1 is turned on, and the voltage of the primary coil provides charging voltage for the first charging branch and the charging regulation branch through the source electrode and the drain electrode of the depletion type JEFT pipe Q1; when the state switching circuit is in an energy storage state, the first transistor M1 is conducted, and the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 is cut off due to the equipotential of the drain electrode and the grid electrode of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 after the first transistor M1 is conducted, at the moment, the first transistor M1 outputs an energy storage control signal to the control circuit, so that the control circuit controls the on-off of the primary coil.
Optionally, the signal generating circuit includes a driving chip U1 and a current detecting sub-circuit OSC;
the current detection subcircuit OSC is connected with the primary coil, so as to detect the current of the primary coil and output a detection signal based on a current detection result;
the receiving end of the driving chip U1 is connected with the current detection sub-circuit OSC, the output end of the driving chip U1 is connected with the state switching circuit, and the driving chip U1 responds to the detection signal to output the state switching signal.
By adopting the technical scheme, the current of the primary coil is detected according to the current detection subcircuit OSC so as to acquire the energy storage condition of the primary coil, and the current detection subcircuit OSC outputs a detection signal according to the energy storage condition of the primary coil so as to control the corresponding output high level or low level of the driving chip U1, thereby controlling the working state of the state switching circuit.
Optionally, the transistor further comprises an NOT gate NOT and a second transistor M2;
the input end of the NOT is connected with the signal generating circuit, and the output end of the NOT is connected with the grid electrode of the second transistor M2; the drain electrode of the second transistor M2 is connected to the source electrode of the first transistor M1, the gate electrode of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 and the control circuit, and the source electrode of the second transistor M2 is grounded.
By adopting the technical scheme, the NOT is utilized to reverse the state switching signal generated by the signal generating circuit, so that when the state switching signal is in a high-level signal, the second transistor M2 is conducted, the grid electrode of the depletion type JEFT pipe Q1 is pulled down to the ground, the depletion type JEFT pipe Q1 is conducted to provide charging voltage, the high-level signal of the state switching signal is switched to a low-level signal, and the energy storage control signal output to the control circuit is discharged, so that the on-off of the control circuit is controlled rapidly.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a switching power supply, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a switching power supply comprises a transformer and a driving circuit of the switching power supply.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a start-up circuit according to one embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic diagram of a start-up circuit according to one embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a first schematic diagram of a switching power supply driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a second schematic diagram of a switching power supply driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a start-up circuit; 11. a first charging branch; 12. a second charging branch; 13. a charge regulation branch; 131. a reference signal generation sub-circuit; 14. an energy storage unit; 2. a signal generating circuit; 3. a state switching circuit; 4. and a control circuit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
The embodiment of the application discloses a driving circuit of a switching power supply and the switching power supply. Referring to fig. 1, a driving circuit of a switching power supply includes: the starting circuit 1 and a subsequent circuit connected with the starting circuit 1, wherein the starting circuit 1 comprises an energy storage unit 14, a first charging branch 11, a charging regulation branch 13 and a second charging branch 12 connected in parallel with the first charging branch 11.
The first charging branch 11 is connected between the energy storage unit 14 and the charging voltage, and is configured to be turned on when the charging voltage and the energy storage voltage difference of the energy storage unit 14 are greater than a preset turn-on voltage, so as to charge the energy storage unit 14; the charging voltage is derived from a primary coil of the transformer and is greater than a preset conduction voltage. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the signal VA is the charging voltage.
The charging regulation branch 13 is connected with the energy storage unit 14 and the second charging branch 12, and is configured to generate a reference signal when the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit 14 reaches a preset starting value, obtain a charging sampling signal, and output a charging control signal for controlling on-off of the second charging branch 12 based on the charging sampling signal and the reference signal, so as to control charging of the energy storage unit 14.
The energy storage unit 14 is used for outputting a power supply voltage to the post-stage circuit to start the post-stage circuit; the back-stage circuit is used for driving the switching power supply to operate after power is supplied.
In the above embodiment, when the primary winding of the transformer in the switching power supply is powered on, the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit 14 is zero, at this time, the charging voltage and the energy storage voltage difference of the energy storage unit 14 are greater than the preset conducting voltage, the energy storage unit 14 is charged through the first charging branch 11, then a reference signal is generated when the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit 14 reaches the preset starting value, the charging adjustment branch 13 starts to work, a charging sampling signal is obtained, and a charging control signal is output based on the charging sampling signal and the reference signal, so as to control the on-off of the second charging branch 12, then the control of charging the energy storage unit 14 is realized through the control of the second charging branch 12, and the energy storage unit 14 is utilized to output the power supply voltage to the rear-stage circuit so as to start the rear-stage circuit, thereby realizing the driving of the switching power supply.
As an embodiment of the first charging branch 11, the first charging branch 11 includes a first diode D1 and a first resistor R1; the circuit configuration and the operating principle of the first charging branch 11 are described in detail below.
The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with charging voltage, the anode is connected with one end of a first resistor R1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with an energy storage unit 14; the first diode D1 is a zener diode, and the preset turn-on voltage may be a reverse turn-on voltage threshold of the first diode D1, and according to the required preset turn-on voltage, the first diode D1 may select diodes with other suitable specifications.
In the above embodiment, the transformer is electrified to provide the charging voltage, and at this time, the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit 14 is zero, the voltage across the first diode D1 is greater than the preset conducting voltage, so that the first diode D1 is reversely conducted, the charging voltage is input to the energy storage unit 14 through the first diode D1 and the first resistor R1 to charge the energy storage unit 14, and as the voltage of the energy storage unit 14 increases, the voltage difference between the charging voltage and the energy storage unit 14 is smaller than the preset conducting voltage, so that the first diode D1 is turned off, that is, the power supply of the charging voltage to the energy storage unit 14 is cut off, so that the on-off between the charging voltage and the energy storage unit 14 can be automatically controlled according to the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit 14 through the first diode D1.
As an embodiment of the second charging branch 12, the second charging branch 12 includes a second diode D2 and a second resistor R2, and the circuit structure and the operation principle of the second charging branch 12 are described in detail below.
The anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the charge conditioning branch 13, the cathode is connected to one end of the second resistor R2, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the energy storage unit 14. The resistance value of the first resistor R1 is larger than that of the second resistor R2, so that the power supply voltage of the first charging branch 11 is larger than that of the second charging branch 12, and different power supply voltages are set through the first charging branch 11 and the second charging branch 12, so that the energy storage unit 14 can be quickly charged through the first charging branch 11 when the transformer is just electrified to start a later-stage circuit, and meanwhile, the charging of the energy storage unit 14 through the second charging branch 12 is convenient to control accurately; in addition, if the energy storage unit 14 is continuously charged by the first charging branch 11 with a higher charging voltage, the performance and the service life of the energy storage unit 14 are easily affected for a long period of time, so the energy storage unit 14 is continuously charged by the second charging branch 12 with a lower charging voltage, and the energy storage unit 14 is protected to a certain extent.
In the above embodiment, the charging voltage charges the energy storage unit 14 through the second diode D2 and the second resistor R2, and after the first charging circuit is turned off, another path between the charging voltage and the energy storage unit 14 is provided by using the second diode D2 and the second resistor R2, so that the charging of the energy storage unit 14 through the charging regulation branch 13 is controlled after the first charging branch 11 is turned off.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the energy storage unit 14, the energy storage element in the energy storage unit 14 includes a capacitor C, one end of which is connected to the charge conditioning branch 13, the first charging branch 11, and the second charging branch 12, the other end of which is grounded.
As an embodiment of the charge conditioning branch 13, the charge conditioning branch 13 comprises a reference signal generating sub-circuit 131, a current sampler CS, a current comparator ICMP, a voltage comparator VCMP, an AND gate AND an electronic switch K1, the charge sampling signal comprising the tank voltage of the tank unit 14 AND the current of the second charge branch 12, the reference signal comprising a voltage reference signal Vref AND a current reference signal Iref. The circuit configuration and the operation principle of the charge control branch 13 will be described in detail.
The reference signal generating sub-circuit 131 is connected to the energy storage unit 14, and is configured to output a voltage reference signal Vref and a current reference signal Iref when an energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit 14 reaches a preset starting value; the preset start value is the operating voltage of the reference signal generating sub-circuit 131.
The sampling end of the current sampler CS is connected in series with the second charging branch 12, and the output end is connected with the current comparator ICMP.
The first input terminal of the current comparator ICMP is connected to the output terminal of the current sampler CS, the second input terminal is connected to the current reference signal Iref, AND the output terminal is connected to the first input terminal of the AND gate AND.
The voltage comparator VCMP has a first input connected to the energy storage unit 14, a second input connected to the voltage reference signal Vref, AND an output connected to the second input of the AND gate AND.
The output of the AND gate AND is connected to the control of the electronic switch K1, the electronic switch K1 being connected in series with the second charging branch 12.
It should be understood that, after the current reference signal Iref AND the voltage reference signal Vref are generated, the current of the second charging branch 12 is zero, AND the stored voltage of the energy storage unit 14 is smaller than the voltage reference signal Vref, so that the current comparator ICMP AND the voltage comparator VCMP both output high-level signals, AND then the AND gate AND outputs high-level signals to the electronic switch K1 to control the electronic switch K1 to be turned on, so that the charging voltage continues to charge the energy storage unit 14 via the second diode D2 AND the second resistor R2. When the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit 14 is greater than the voltage reference signal Vref, it indicates that the charging of the energy storage unit 14 is completed, the voltage comparator VCMP outputs a low level signal, AND then outputs the low level signal to the electronic switch K1 through the AND gate AND to control the electronic switch K1 to be turned off, AND the charging of the energy storage unit 14 is cut off.
In addition, when the energy storage element of the energy storage unit 14 is the capacitor C, as can be seen from the charging characteristic curve of the capacitor C, the voltage across the capacitor C becomes larger and the current becomes smaller as the capacitor C is continuously charged. That is, the larger the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit 14, the more the electric quantity stored in the energy storage unit 14, and the larger the charging current of the second charging branch 12, the lower the electric quantity stored in the energy storage unit 14, and the possible occurrence of power shortage.
It should be noted that, when the current of the second charging branch 12 is greater than the current reference signal Iref, it is explained that the energy storage unit 14 may be out of charge at this time, but the energy storage unit 14 is still being charged by the second charging branch 12 with a smaller supply voltage, so the current comparator ICMP outputs a low level signal, AND the AND gate AND outputs a low level signal, AND the electronic switch K1 is controlled to be turned off, so that the supply voltage charges the energy storage unit 14 through the first charging branch 11.
In the above embodiment, when the stored voltage of the energy storage unit 14 reaches the preset starting value, the reference signal generating sub-circuit 131 is utilized to output the voltage reference signal Vref AND the current reference signal Iref, so that the current sampler CS samples the charging current of the second charging branch 12, AND inputs the sampled current to the first input end of the current comparator ICMP, so that the sampled current is conveniently compared with the current reference signal Iref, the first input end of the second charging branch 12 is conveniently compared with the voltage reference signal Vref, the comparison result of the voltage comparator VCMP AND the current comparator ICMP is input to the AND gate AND the level signal for controlling the electronic switch K1 is output through the logic judgment of the AND gate AND, thereby realizing the effect of controlling the on-off of the second charging branch 12 through the current of the second charging branch 12 AND the stored voltage of the energy storage unit 14.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, as a further embodiment of the switching power supply driving circuit, the switching power supply driving circuit further includes a state switching circuit 3 and a control circuit 4, and the latter circuit includes a signal generating circuit 2. The circuit configuration and the operation principle of the state switching circuit 3 will be described in detail below.
The signal generating circuit 2 is connected to the primary winding of the transformer, the state switching circuit 3, and the energy storage unit 14, samples the energy storage current of the primary winding in response to the energy storage voltage start, and generates a state switching signal according to the energy storage current. It should be appreciated that the signal generating circuit 2 is powered by the energy storage unit 14, i.e. the signal generating circuit 2 can be powered when the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit 14 reaches the operating voltage of the signal generating circuit 2, so that the signal generating circuit 2 is started.
The state switching circuit 3 is connected with the primary coil, the first charging branch 11 and the charging regulation branch 13, the working state of the state switching circuit 3 comprises a charging state and an energy storage state, and the working state is switched in response to a state switching signal so as to provide charging voltage in the charging state and output an energy storage control signal in the energy storage state; wherein the initial operating state of the state switching circuit 3 is a charging state. When the signal generating circuit 2 is not started, the state switching circuit 3 is in an initial operation state; after the signal generating circuit 2 is started, when the state switching signal is a high level signal, the working state of the state switching circuit 3 is an energy storage state; when the state switching signal is a low level signal, the operating state of the state switching circuit 3 is a charged state.
The control circuit 4 is connected with the state switching circuit 3 and responds to the energy storage control signal to control the on-off of the primary coil. Referring to fig. 4, the transformer T1 may include a primary winding, a secondary winding, an output capacitor C0 connected in parallel to the secondary winding, and an output diode D0, wherein both ends of the output capacitor C0 are used to connect a load, and a cathode of the output diode D0 is connected to the output capacitor C0 and an anode is connected to the secondary winding to prevent the output capacitor C0 from being directed to the secondary winding. The primary coil and the secondary coil are mutually coupled and induced. When the primary coil is conducted, the current of the primary coil rises, and at the moment, the primary coil starts to store energy, and the secondary coil does not work; when the primary coil is powered off, the energy stored in the primary coil is converted to the secondary coil to provide the voltage VOUT for the load.
In the above embodiment, the energy storage unit 14 supplies power to the signal generating circuit 2, so that the signal generating circuit 2 is started to sample the energy storage current of the primary coil and generate the state switching signal according to the energy storage current, and the state switching circuit 3 responds to the state switching signal to switch the working state of itself, on the one hand, when the state switching circuit 3 is in the charging state, the charging voltage is provided to the energy storage unit 14, and the energy storage unit 14 is charged. On the other hand, the energy storage control signal is generated to drive the control circuit 4, so that the control circuit 4 controls the on-off of the primary coil, and the effect of controlling the output voltage of the switching power supply is achieved.
Referring to fig. 4, as an embodiment of the state switching circuit 3, the state switching circuit 3 includes an LDMOS structure; the LDMOS structure, namely Lateral Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a special MOSFET structure and has high voltage-withstand capability, and because the LDMOS structure has larger voltage-tolerant capability between drain gates in design, the LDMOS structure can bear high voltage without breakdown, so that high voltage blocking and voltage stabilization and voltage clamping are realized; meanwhile, the LDMOS structure has the characteristic of a switching tube, and can realize high-frequency switching control. Based on this, the state switching circuit 3 of the embodiment, which selects the LDMOS structure as the structure, is simple and convenient for circuit integration, and can simultaneously satisfy the requirements of providing stable charging voltage and energy storage control signals. The working principle of the LDMOS structure in this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to specific components of the LDMOS structure.
The LDMOS structure includes a depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 and a first transistor M1. Wherein, the grid electrode of the first transistor M1 is connected with the signal generating circuit 2, the source electrode is connected with the control circuit 4 and the grid electrode of the depletion type JEFT tube Q1; the drain electrode of the first transistor M1 is connected with the primary coil and the drain electrode of the depletion type JEFT tube Q1; the source of the depletion type JEFT pipe Q1 is connected to the first charging branch 11 and the charging regulation branch 13. In an alternative example, the withstand voltage of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 and the first transistor M1 may be 700V, and the pinch-off voltage of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 may be between 20V and 30V, so that the charging voltage provided by the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 is smaller than the pinch-off voltage of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1.
It should be understood that when the signal generating circuit 2 is not started and the state switching circuit 3 outputted after the signal generating circuit 2 is started is at a low level, the gate of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 is at a low level, at this time, the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 is turned on to provide a charging voltage, and the first transistor M1 is turned off to not output an energy storage control signal. When the state switching circuit 3 outputted after the signal generating circuit 2 is started is at a high level, the first transistor M1 is turned on to output an energy storage control signal, and the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 is turned off to stop supplying the charging voltage due to the equipotential of the drain and gate of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 after the first transistor M1 is turned on.
In the above embodiment, when the state switching circuit 3 is in the charging state, the first transistor M1 is turned off, the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 is turned on, and the voltage of the primary winding provides the charging voltage to the first charging branch 11 and the charging regulation branch 13 through the source and drain of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1; when the state switching circuit 3 is in an energy storage state, the first transistor M1 is turned on, and the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 is turned off due to the equipotential of the drain electrode and the gate electrode of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 after the first transistor M1 is turned on, at this time, the first transistor M1 outputs an energy storage control signal to the control circuit 4, so that the control circuit 4 controls the on-off of the primary coil.
As a further embodiment of the switching power supply driving circuit, further comprising an NOT gate NOT and a second transistor M2;
the input end of the NOT is connected with the signal generating circuit 2, and the output end of the NOT is connected with the grid electrode of the second transistor M2; the drain of the second transistor M2 is connected to the source of the first transistor M1, the gate of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1, and the control circuit 4, and the source of the second transistor M2 is grounded.
In the above embodiment, the state switching signal generated by the signal generating circuit 2 is inverted by the NOT gate NOT, so that when the state switching signal is in the high level signal, the second transistor M2 is turned on, the gate of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 is pulled down to the ground, so that the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 is turned on to provide the charging voltage, and when the state switching signal is switched from the high level signal to the low level signal, the energy storage control signal output to the control circuit 4 is discharged, so as to realize rapid control of the on-off of the control circuit 4.
As an embodiment of the signal generating circuit 2, the signal generating circuit 2 includes a driving chip U1 and a current detecting sub-circuit OSC, which will be described in detail below.
The current detection sub-circuit OSC is connected to the primary coil to detect a current of the primary coil and output a detection signal based on a current detection result. Specifically, a sampling resistor Rs is connected in series to the primary winding, one end of the sampling resistor Rs is connected to the control circuit 4 and the current detection sub-circuit OSC, and the other end is grounded.
The receiving end of the driving chip U1 is connected with the current detection sub-circuit OSC, the output end of the driving chip U1 is connected with the state switching circuit 3, and the driving chip U1 responds to the detection signal to output a state switching signal.
It should be understood that the driving chip U1 outputs a state switching signal according to whether the detection signal reaches a preset value. Specifically, if the detection signal reaches a preset value, it indicates that the energy storage of the primary coil is completed at this time, and the state switching signal output by the driving chip U1 is a low level signal, so that the control circuit 4 is disconnected; if the detection signal does not reach the preset value, it indicates that the primary coil still needs to continue energy storage, and at this time, the state switching signal output by the driving chip U1 is a high level signal, so as to enable the control circuit 4 to be turned on.
In the above embodiment, the current of the primary coil is detected according to the current detection sub-circuit OSC to obtain the energy storage condition of the primary coil, and the current detection sub-circuit OSC outputs a detection signal according to the energy storage condition of the primary coil to control the driving chip U1 to correspondingly output a high level or a low level, thereby controlling the operating state of the state switching circuit 3.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the control circuit 4, the control circuit 4 includes a transistor Q2, a base of the transistor Q2 is connected to a source of the first transistor M1 and a drain of the second transistor M2, a collector is connected to the primary winding, and an emitter is grounded. The triode Q2 can be a high-voltage resistant triode.
It can be seen that, in the present embodiment, the transistor Q2 is turned on with the primary winding after the first transistor M1 is turned on, i.e. the driving current for controlling the transistor Q2 to be turned on is provided by the primary winding; on the one hand, the driving chip U1 outputs smaller voltage, namely, the first transistor M1 can be controlled to be conducted, and after the first transistor M1 is conducted, the primary coil provides driving current for the triode Q2, and the driving chip U1 is not required to provide driving current for the triode Q2, so that the power consumption of the driving chip is reduced, and the situations of too fast electricity consumption, unstable voltage and the like of the energy storage unit 14 caused by too large power consumption of the driving chip U1 are avoided, so that the reliable starting under the condition of a larger capacitive load is not facilitated. On the other hand, the driving current from the primary coil can make the triode Q2 fully saturated and conducted after being switched on, and is not influenced by the current in the energy storage unit 14, so that the working state of the triode Q2 is more stable.
It should be further understood that in this embodiment, the transistor Q2 needs to be driven in supersaturation, and a large amount of charges are accumulated in the base stage of the transistor Q2 at this time, so that the turn-off speed of the transistor Q2 is slow, and at this time, the charges accumulated in the base stage of the transistor Q2 can be discharged to the ground by turning on the second transistor M2, so that the transistor Q2 can be turned off quickly, and further, the switching frequency of the transistor Q2 is improved.
In addition, on the basis of the above, the embodiment of the application also discloses a chip, which comprises the starting circuit 1 and the state switching circuit 3.
Meanwhile, the embodiment of the application also discloses a switching power supply. Including a transformer and a drive circuit as described above.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are focused on, and for those portions of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the application, in which any feature disclosed in this specification (including abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a drive circuit of switching power supply, includes starting circuit (1) and the back level circuit who is connected with starting circuit (1), its characterized in that: the starting circuit (1) comprises an energy storage unit (14), a first charging branch (11), a charging regulation branch (13) and a second charging branch (12) connected in parallel with the first charging branch (11);
the first charging branch circuit (11) is connected between the energy storage unit (14) and a charging voltage, and is used for conducting when the charging voltage and the energy storage voltage difference of the energy storage unit (14) are larger than a preset conducting voltage so as to charge the energy storage unit (14); wherein the charging voltage is derived from a primary coil of a transformer;
the charging regulation branch circuit (13) is connected with the energy storage unit (14) and the second charging branch circuit (12) and is used for generating a reference signal when the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit (14) reaches a preset starting value, acquiring a charging sampling signal, and outputting a charging control signal for controlling the on-off of the second charging branch circuit (12) based on the charging sampling signal and the reference signal so as to control the charging of the energy storage unit (14);
the energy storage unit (14) is used for outputting a power supply voltage to the post-stage circuit to start the post-stage circuit;
the state switching circuit (3) comprises an LDMOS structure; the LDMOS structure comprises a depletion type JEFT transistor Q1 and a first transistor M1;
the grid electrode of the first transistor M1 is connected with the rear-stage circuit, the source electrode of the first transistor M1 is connected with the control circuit (4) and the grid electrode of the depletion type JEFT tube Q1; the drain electrode of the first transistor M1 is connected with the primary coil and the drain electrode of the depletion type JEFT tube Q1; the source electrode of the depletion type JEFT pipe Q1 is connected with the first charging branch circuit (11) and the charging regulating branch circuit (13).
2. A driving circuit of a switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein: the first charging branch (11) comprises a first diode D1 and a first resistor R1;
the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with the charging voltage, the anode of the first diode D1 is connected with one end of the first resistor R1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the energy storage unit (14); the first diode D1 is a zener diode.
3. A driving circuit of a switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein: the second charging branch (12) comprises a second diode D2 and a second resistor R2;
the anode of the second diode D2 is connected with the charging regulation branch circuit (13), the cathode is connected with one end of the second resistor R2, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the energy storage unit (14).
4. A driving circuit of a switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein: the charging sampling signal comprises an energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit (14) and a current of the second charging branch (12); the reference signal comprises a voltage reference signal Vref and a current reference signal Iref;
the charging regulation branch circuit (13) comprises a reference signal generation subcircuit (131), a current sampler CS, a current comparator ICMP, a voltage comparator VCMP, an AND gate AND AND an electronic switch K1;
the reference signal generation sub-circuit (131) is connected with the energy storage unit (14) and is used for outputting the voltage reference signal Vref and the current reference signal Iref when the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit (14) reaches the preset starting value;
the sampling end of the current sampler CS is connected with the second charging branch (12) in series, and the output end of the current sampler CS is connected with the current comparator ICMP;
a first input end of the current comparator ICMP is connected with an output end of the current sampler CS, a second input end of the current comparator ICMP is connected with a current reference signal Iref, AND an output end of the current comparator ICMP is connected with a first input end of the AND gate;
a first input end of the voltage comparator VCMP is connected with the energy storage unit (14), a second input end of the voltage comparator VCMP is connected with the voltage reference signal Vref, AND an output end of the voltage comparator VCMP is connected with a second input end of the AND gate;
the output end of the AND gate AND is connected with the control end of the electronic switch K1, AND the electronic switch K1 is connected with the second charging branch (12) in series.
5. A driving circuit of a switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein: the supply voltage of the first charging branch (11) is greater than the supply voltage of the second charging branch (12).
6. A driving circuit of a switching power supply according to claim 1, wherein: the latter stage circuit comprises a signal generating circuit (2);
the signal generation circuit (2) is connected with a primary coil of the transformer, the state switching circuit (3) and the energy storage unit (14), responds to the starting of the energy storage voltage, samples the energy storage current of the primary coil, and generates a state switching signal according to the energy storage current;
the state switching circuit (3) is connected with the primary coil, the first charging branch circuit (11) and the charging regulation branch circuit (13), the working state of the state switching circuit (3) comprises a charging state and an energy storage state, and the working state is switched in response to the state switching signal so as to provide charging voltage in the charging state and output an energy storage control signal in the energy storage state; wherein the initial working state of the state switching circuit (3) is a charging state;
and the control circuit (4) is connected with the state switching circuit (3) and responds to the energy storage control signal to control the on-off of the primary coil.
7. The driving circuit of a switching power supply according to claim 6, wherein: the signal generating circuit (2) includes a driving chip U1 and a current detecting sub-circuit OSC;
the current detection subcircuit OSC is connected with the primary coil, so as to detect the current of the primary coil and output a detection signal based on a current detection result;
the receiving end of the driving chip U1 is connected with the current detection subcircuit OSC, the output end of the driving chip U1 is connected with the state switching circuit (3), and the driving chip U1 responds to the detection signal to output the state switching signal.
8. The driving circuit of a switching power supply according to claim 6, wherein: further comprising an NOT gate NOT and a second transistor M2;
the input end of the NOT is connected with the signal generating circuit (2), and the output end of the NOT is connected with the grid electrode of the second transistor M2; the drain electrode of the second transistor M2 is connected to the source electrode of the first transistor M1, the gate electrode of the depletion type JEFT transistor Q1, and the control circuit (4), and the source electrode of the second transistor M2 is grounded.
9. A switching power supply, characterized by: a drive circuit comprising a transformer and a switching power supply as claimed in any one of claims 1-8.
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