CN116794704A - Method and device for measuring concentration of artificial alpha aerosol - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring concentration of artificial alpha aerosol Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005055 memory storage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for measuring the concentration of artificial alpha aerosol, wherein the contribution factors of natural alpha in a plurality of natural alpha energy regions to an artificial alpha energy region are determined by calibrating calibrated sampling filter paper in an environment to be measured without the artificial alpha aerosol, then real-time detection is carried out on test sample filter paper containing an alpha aerosol sample in the environment to be measured, and the artificial alpha real count of the artificial alpha energy region is determined by collecting total alpha counts and the natural alpha counts corresponding to the natural alpha energy regions respectively in the natural alpha energy regions which are calibrated in advance and combining the contribution factors of the natural alpha in the natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy region. The method and the system fully reflect the influence of radon and thorium on measurement when measuring the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol, deduct the count of natural alpha radioactive signals in the collected radioactive signals, and greatly improve the precision and accuracy of the measurement of the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear radiation measurement, in particular to a method and a device for measuring the concentration of artificial alpha aerosol.
Background
The natural alpha radioactive aerosol is formed by the natural radionuclides in the crust entering the atmosphere and combining with aerosol particles in the atmosphere, the nuclides mainly come from uranium and thorium radioactive systems, and the parent nuclides are respectively 232 Th and 238 U。 232 th and 238 u is continuously decayed to generate various sub-bodies in a decay chain, wherein the sub-bodies comprise 222 Rn and 220 rn, both decay species are in gas form in natureIs present and diffuses into the air and decays further to form a natural alpha-emitting aerosol.
Artificial radionuclides are mainly produced by processes of exploitation and processing of nuclear fuel (radioactive minerals), smelting of radioactive substances, and the like. Compared with natural radioactive aerosol, the artificial radioactive aerosol has much larger harm to human body, and the harm is that the aerosol containing long-life artificial nuclide is easily inhaled into human body to generate internal irradiation, thus causing irreversible irradiation damage.
Monitoring artificial radioactive aerosols in the environment is an important technical means for the work of protecting against the radiation of artificial radionuclides. Methods for monitoring artificial radioactive aerosols in an environment include both sampling laboratory analysis and continuous in-situ monitoring. The traditional sampling laboratory detection technology has good measurement accuracy. The aerosol sample is collected by using a large-flow sampler on site, then the sample is put into a laboratory to purify the radionuclide, and finally the measurement is performed by using an energy spectrometer or a mass spectrometer. The method can eliminate the interference of natural radon and thorium daughter, has accurate and reliable measurement data and low detection limit. However, the method is an offline measurement technology, is long in time consumption, cannot provide on-site pollution conditions in time, particularly, can find accidents only in tens of hours under the condition of severe nuclear leakage, cannot find threats in the first time after radioactive leakage, and cannot evacuate and protect on-site personnel in time. Therefore, providing a convenient, relatively accurate method for measuring the concentration of an artificial radioactive aerosol is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the concentration of artificial alpha aerosol, aiming at solving the technical problem that the accuracy of measuring the artificial alpha aerosol is low under the condition of high on-site radon concentration and serious radon daughter interference in the prior art.
According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of measuring an artificial alpha aerosol concentration, the method comprising:
obtaining test sample filter paper containing an alpha aerosol sample in an environment to be tested, wherein the alpha aerosol sample in the environment to be tested contains artificial alpha aerosol and natural alpha aerosol;
detecting the test sample filter paper in real time, and collecting the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper;
carrying out signal analysis on the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper to determine the energy spectrum data of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper, wherein the energy spectrum data comprises a total alpha count and a plurality of natural alpha energy area areas which are calibrated in advance and respectively correspond to the natural alpha counts;
and determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region according to the contribution factors of the natural alpha among the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy region, wherein the total alpha count and the natural alpha counts corresponding to the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy regions.
Optionally, the method further comprises, prior to obtaining a test sample filter paper comprising an a-aerosol sample in the environment to be tested:
taking an environment to be measured which does not contain artificial alpha aerosol as a calibration environment;
setting a pumping speed value of a calibration sampler;
adopting filter paper with specified specification as calibration sampling filter paper, and fixing the calibration sampling filter paper on the calibration sampler;
sampling alpha aerosol in the calibration environment by adopting the sampler to obtain calibration sample filter paper;
performing first-round time-division measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a first-round measurement result, wherein the first-round measurement result comprises a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count measured in each time period;
dividing a natural alpha energy region into a plurality of natural alpha energy region regions according to the first round of measurement result;
performing second-round time-interval measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a second-round measurement result, wherein the second-round measurement result comprises a characteristic peak count of each natural alpha energy region and a natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, which are measured in each time interval;
and calculating the contribution factor of the natural alpha of each natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region according to the second round of measurement results.
Optionally, the dividing the natural α energy region into a plurality of natural α energy region regions according to the first round of measurement results includes:
and measuring according to each time period to obtain a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count, and determining the adjacent region of each characteristic peak as a natural alpha energy region interval.
Optionally, calculating a contribution factor of the natural α to the artificial α energy region for each natural α energy region from the second round of measurements, including:
generating a contribution factor solving equation according to the natural alpha count between each natural alpha energy region and the natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein the natural alpha count is measured in each time period, and the expression of the contribution factor solving equation is as follows:
wherein C is total And C i Respectively measuring the obtained natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region and the characteristic peak count between the ith natural alpha energy region, F i A contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region;
combining a plurality of contribution factor solving equations generated according to the second round of measurement results to obtain a contribution factor solving equation set;
and solving an equation set for the contribution factors to obtain an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution is used as the contribution factor of the natural alpha between the natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy regions.
Optionally, the obtaining a sample filter paper containing an α -aerosol sample in an environment to be measured includes:
taking the pumping speed value of the calibration sampler as the pumping speed value of the test sampler;
adopting filter paper with the same specification as the standard sampling filter paper as test sampling filter paper, and fixing the test sampling filter paper on the test sampler;
and sampling the alpha aerosol in the environment to be tested by adopting the test sampler to obtain test sample filter paper.
Optionally, the total alpha count and the natural alpha count of the natural alpha energy region determine the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region according to the contribution factor of the natural alpha of the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region, wherein the calculation formula for determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region is as follows:
wherein C is Ttotal For artificial alpha true count of artificial alpha energy region, C total And C ni The total alpha count on the filter paper of the test sample and the natural alpha count between the ith natural alpha energy region are respectively the characteristic peak count, F i Is a contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for measuring an artificial alpha aerosol concentration, the apparatus comprising:
the sample collection module is used for obtaining test sample filter paper containing an alpha aerosol sample in an environment to be tested, wherein the alpha aerosol sample in the environment to be tested contains artificial alpha aerosol and natural alpha aerosol;
the data acquisition module is used for detecting the test sample filter paper in real time and acquiring the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper;
the data analysis module is used for carrying out signal analysis on the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper and determining energy spectrum data of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper, wherein the energy spectrum data comprises a total alpha count and natural alpha counts corresponding to a plurality of natural alpha energy area areas calibrated in advance;
and the result output module is used for determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region according to the contribution factors of the natural alpha among the pre-calibrated multiple natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy region, and the total alpha count and the natural alpha count corresponding to each of the pre-calibrated multiple natural alpha energy regions.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a sample calibration module for determining a contribution factor of natural α to the artificial α energy region between a plurality of natural α energy regions, wherein:
taking an environment to be measured which does not contain artificial alpha aerosol as a calibration environment;
setting a pumping speed value of a calibration sampler;
adopting filter paper with specified specification as calibration sampling filter paper, and fixing the calibration sampling filter paper on the calibration sampler;
sampling alpha aerosol in the calibration environment by adopting the sampler to obtain calibration sample filter paper;
performing first-round time-division measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a first-round measurement result, wherein the first-round measurement result comprises a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count measured in each time period;
dividing a natural alpha energy region into a plurality of natural alpha energy region regions according to the first round of measurement result;
performing second-round time-interval measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a second-round measurement result, wherein the second-round measurement result comprises a characteristic peak count of each natural alpha energy region and a natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, which are measured in each time interval;
and calculating the contribution factor of the natural alpha of each natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region according to the second round of measurement results.
Optionally, the sample calibration module calculates a contribution factor of the natural α to the artificial α energy region between each of the natural α energy regions according to the second-round measurement result, including:
generating a contribution factor solving equation according to the characteristic peak count between each natural alpha energy region and the natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein the characteristic peak count and the natural alpha total count are measured in each time period, and the expression of the contribution factor solving equation is as follows:
wherein C is total And C i Respectively measuring the obtained natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region and the characteristic peak count between the ith natural alpha energy region, F i A contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region;
combining a plurality of contribution factor solving equations generated according to the second round of measurement results to obtain a contribution factor solving equation set;
and solving an equation set for the contribution factors to obtain an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution is used as the contribution factor of the natural alpha between the natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy regions.
Optionally, the data processing module determines an artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region according to a contribution factor of natural alpha of the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region, the total alpha count and the natural alpha count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein a calculation formula for determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region is as follows:
wherein C is Ttotal For artificial alpha true count of artificial alpha energy region, C total And C ni The total alpha count of the filter paper of the test sample and the natural alpha count of the ith natural alpha energy region are respectively, the natural alpha count of the ith natural alpha energy region is the characteristic peak count, F i Is a contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region.
According to the method and the device for measuring the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol, provided by the invention, the contribution factors of the natural alpha among a plurality of natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy regions are determined by calibrating the calibrated sampling filter paper in the environment to be measured, which does not contain the artificial alpha aerosol, then the test sample filter paper containing the alpha aerosol sample in the environment to be measured is detected in real time, and the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper is collected; carrying out signal analysis on the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper to determine the energy spectrum data of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper, wherein the energy spectrum data comprises a total alpha count and a plurality of natural alpha energy area areas which are calibrated in advance and respectively correspond to the natural alpha counts; and determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region according to the contribution factors of the natural alpha among the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy region, wherein the total alpha count and the natural alpha counts corresponding to the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy regions. When the method and the system measure the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol, the influence of radon and thorium daughter on the measurement is fully reflected through the contribution factors of the natural alpha among the calibrated natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy region, and the count of the natural alpha radioactive signals in the collected radioactive signals is deducted, so that the precision and the accuracy of the measurement of the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol are greatly improved. The device has lower requirements on the conditions of the use sites, and can be suitable for being used under the severe working conditions of partial environments.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing embodiments of the present invention in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, and not constitute a limitation to the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals generally refer to like parts or steps.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring artificial alpha aerosol concentration according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy spectrum provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for measuring artificial alpha aerosol concentration according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention and not all embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited by the example embodiments described herein.
It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the terms "first," "second," etc. in embodiments of the present invention are used merely to distinguish between different steps, devices or modules, etc., and do not represent any particular technical meaning nor necessarily logical order between them.
It should also be understood that in embodiments of the present invention, "plurality" may refer to two or more, and "at least one" may refer to one, two or more.
It should also be appreciated that any component, data, or structure referred to in an embodiment of the invention may be generally understood as one or more without explicit limitation or the contrary in the context.
In addition, the term "and/or" in the present invention is merely an association relationship describing the association object, and indicates that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In the present invention, the character "/" generally indicates that the front and rear related objects are an or relationship.
It should also be understood that the description of the embodiments of the present invention emphasizes the differences between the embodiments, and that the same or similar features may be referred to each other, and for brevity, will not be described in detail.
Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the techniques, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of the specification.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
Embodiments of the invention are operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations with electronic devices, such as terminal devices, computer systems, servers, etc. Examples of well known terminal devices, computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the terminal device, computer system, server, or other electronic device include, but are not limited to: personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network personal computers, small computer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing technology environments that include any of the foregoing, and the like.
Electronic devices such as terminal devices, computer systems, servers, etc. may be described in the general context of computer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The computer system/server may be implemented in a distributed cloud computing environment in which tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computing system storage media including memory storage devices.
Exemplary method
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring artificial alpha aerosol concentration according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment can be applied to an electronic device, as shown in fig. 1, and the method includes the following steps:
in step 101, a test sample filter paper comprising an alpha aerosol sample in an environment to be tested is obtained, wherein the alpha aerosol sample in the environment to be tested comprises artificial alpha aerosol and natural alpha aerosol.
In this embodiment, the environment to be measured includes both artificial α aerosol and natural α aerosol. Considering real-time measurements, radon, thorium daughter is also included in the natural alpha aerosol. Due to the high concentration of natural alpha aerosols, the interference with the measurement of artificial alpha aerosols can be very serious. Although the prior art also has a method of sampling by pumping air at a test site and then calculating according to a built-in algorithm to instantly give an artificial alpha aerosol concentration value, the method is limited by a detection method, and the measurement precision and accuracy are low.
In step 102, the test sample filter paper is detected in real time, and the radioactivity signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper is collected.
In this embodiment, the means for detecting the radioactivity signal of the α aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper is not limited. Generally, PIPS detectors are now being passed.
In step 103, signal analysis is performed on the radioactive signal of the α -aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper, and spectrum data of the α -aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper is determined, where the spectrum data includes a total α count and a natural α count corresponding to each of a plurality of natural α energy regions calibrated in advance.
In step 104, according to the contribution factors of the natural alpha between the pre-calibrated multiple natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy region, the total alpha count and the natural alpha counts corresponding to the pre-calibrated multiple natural alpha energy regions respectively, the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region is determined.
Preferably, the method further comprises, prior to obtaining a test sample filter paper comprising an a-aerosol sample in the environment to be tested:
taking an environment to be measured which does not contain artificial alpha aerosol as a calibration environment;
setting a pumping speed value of a calibration sampler;
adopting filter paper with specified specification as calibration sampling filter paper, and fixing the calibration sampling filter paper on the calibration sampler;
sampling alpha aerosol in the calibration environment by adopting the sampler to obtain calibration sample filter paper;
performing first-round time-division measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a first-round measurement result, wherein the first-round measurement result comprises a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count measured in each time period;
dividing a natural alpha energy region into a plurality of natural alpha energy region regions according to the first round of measurement result;
performing second-round time-interval measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a second-round measurement result, wherein the second-round measurement result comprises a characteristic peak count of each natural alpha energy region and a natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, which are measured in each time interval;
and calculating the contribution factor of the natural alpha of each natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region according to the second round of measurement results.
Preferably, the dividing the natural α -energy region into a plurality of natural α -energy region regions according to the first round of measurement results includes:
and measuring according to each time period to obtain a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count, and determining the adjacent region of each characteristic peak as a natural alpha energy region interval.
Preferably, calculating a contribution factor of natural α to artificial α energy regions for each natural α energy region from the second round of measurements comprises:
generating a contribution factor solving equation according to the characteristic peak count between each natural alpha energy region and the natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein the characteristic peak count and the natural alpha total count are measured in each time period, and the expression of the contribution factor solving equation is as follows:
wherein C is total And C i The total natural alpha count of the measured natural alpha energy region and the natural alpha count between the ith natural alpha energy region are respectively F i A contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region;
combining a plurality of contribution factor solving equations generated according to the second round of measurement results to obtain a contribution factor solving equation set;
and solving an equation set for the contribution factors to obtain an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution is used as the contribution factor of the natural alpha between the natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy regions.
In this embodiment, a room that does not absolutely contain artificial α aerosol is selected as the calibration environment in the environment to be measured, mainly for convenience in calculation. In the prior art, when a multi-channel analyzer is used to count alpha particles on a sample filter paper containing an artificial alpha aerosol, the tailing phenomenon of the obtained energy spectrum diagram is very serious. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy spectrum provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the pulse counts of the natural alpha count region and the artificial alpha count region do not have a very concentrated energy spectrum of each natural alpha particle, as in the case of alpha particle counting in a laboratory vacuum environment, but extend to both sides with the characteristic peak as the center. Based on the characteristics, the characteristic peak count of the natural alpha energy region can be obtained through one round of measurement, and then the natural alpha energy region is divided into a plurality of intervals according to the characteristic peak count of the natural alpha energy region. In a specific dividing manner, the invention is not limited, but theoretically, the more the divided intervals are, the more accurate the result of solving the real count of the artificial alpha energy region based on the contribution factor is. After the natural alpha energy regions are divided, performing second-round measurement according to the same method, establishing a contribution factor solving equation set, and obtaining the contribution factor of each natural alpha energy region by solving least square solution of the equation set. It should be noted that if the real-time detection is performed using test sample filter paper containing low background artificial alpha aerosol, the contribution factor equation needs to be constructed according to the calculation formula of the artificial alpha true count for determining the artificial alpha energy region.
Preferably, the obtaining a sample filter paper containing an a aerosol sample in an environment to be measured comprises:
taking the pumping speed value of the calibration sampler as the pumping speed value of the test sampler;
adopting filter paper with the same specification as the standard sampling filter paper as test sampling filter paper, and fixing the test sampling filter paper on the test sampler;
and sampling the alpha aerosol in the environment to be tested by adopting the test sampler to obtain test sample filter paper.
In the preferred embodiment, the consistency of the detected natural alpha radioactive signal on the test sample filter paper and the calibration sample filter paper can be fully ensured due to the same steps, environments, samplers and filter papers used for manufacturing the calibration sample filter paper.
Preferably, the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region is determined according to the contribution factor of the natural alpha of the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region, the total alpha count and the natural alpha count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein the calculation formula for determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region is as follows:
wherein C is Ttotal For artificial alpha true count of artificial alpha energy region, C total And C ni Respectively, total alpha count on test sample filter paper and natural alpha count between ith natural alpha energy region, F i Is a contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region.
According to the method for measuring the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol, the method for measuring the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol is characterized in that calibration sample filter paper in an environment to be measured, which does not contain the artificial alpha aerosol, is detected in real time, after a multi-channel analyzer is adopted to obtain an energy spectrum, the natural alpha energy is divided into a plurality of intervals according to the characteristic peaks of the natural alpha aerosol in the energy spectrum, a contribution factor equation of the natural alpha energy area to the artificial alpha energy area is generated based on the total natural alpha count of the natural alpha energy area and the characteristic peak count of each natural alpha energy area through multiple measurements, and the contribution factors are solved in parallel to form a formula group, so that the contribution factors are determined. Then in the environment to be measured containing the artificial alpha aerosol, according to the measured total alpha count, the characteristic peak count of each natural alpha energy region and the contribution factor of the natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region, the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region can be obtained. When the method is used for calculating the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol, the artificial alpha with a small number of direct measurement is avoided, the concentration is collected through multi-channel analysis, the natural alpha count is easy to obtain, and the precision and accuracy of measuring the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol are effectively improved.
Exemplary apparatus
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for measuring artificial alpha aerosol concentration according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the apparatus of this embodiment includes:
the sample collection module 301 is configured to obtain a test sample filter paper containing an α -aerosol sample in an environment to be tested, where the α -aerosol sample in the environment to be tested contains an artificial α -aerosol and a natural α -aerosol;
the data acquisition module 302 is used for detecting the test sample filter paper in real time and acquiring the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper;
the data analysis module 303 is used for carrying out signal analysis on the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper and determining energy spectrum data of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper, wherein the energy spectrum data comprises a total alpha count and natural alpha counts corresponding to a plurality of natural alpha energy area areas calibrated in advance;
and the result output module 304 is configured to determine an artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region according to the contribution factors of the natural alpha between the pre-calibrated multiple natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy region, the total alpha count and the natural alpha counts corresponding to the pre-calibrated multiple natural alpha energy regions.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a sample calibration module for determining a contribution factor of natural α to artificial α energy regions between a plurality of natural α energy regions, wherein:
taking an environment to be measured which does not contain artificial alpha aerosol as a calibration environment;
setting a pumping speed value of a calibration sampler;
adopting filter paper with specified specification as calibration sampling filter paper, and fixing the calibration sampling filter paper on the calibration sampler;
sampling alpha aerosol in the calibration environment by adopting the sampler to obtain calibration sample filter paper;
performing first-round time-division measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a first-round measurement result, wherein the first-round measurement result comprises a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count measured in each time period;
dividing a natural alpha energy region into a plurality of natural alpha energy region regions according to the first round of measurement result;
performing second-round time-interval measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a second-round measurement result, wherein the second-round measurement result comprises a characteristic peak count of each natural alpha energy region and a natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, which are measured in each time interval;
and calculating the contribution factor of the natural alpha of each natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region according to the second round of measurement results.
Preferably, the sample calibration module divides the natural α energy zone into a plurality of natural α energy zone zones according to the first round of measurement results, including:
and measuring according to each time period to obtain a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count, and determining the adjacent region of each characteristic peak as a natural alpha energy region interval.
Preferably, the sample calibration module calculates a contribution factor of the natural α to the artificial α energy region between each natural α energy region according to the second-round measurement result, including:
generating a contribution factor solving equation according to the characteristic peak count between each natural alpha energy region and the natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein the characteristic peak count and the natural alpha total count are measured in each time period, and the expression of the contribution factor solving equation is as follows:
wherein C is total And C i Respectively measuring the obtained natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region and the characteristic peak count between the ith natural alpha energy region, F i A contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region;
combining a plurality of contribution factor solving equations generated according to the second round of measurement results to obtain a contribution factor solving equation set;
and solving an equation set for the contribution factors to obtain an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution is used as the contribution factor of the natural alpha between the natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy regions.
Preferably, the sample collection module obtains a sample filter paper containing an α -aerosol sample in an environment to be measured, including:
taking the pumping speed value of the calibration sampler as the pumping speed value of the test sampler;
adopting filter paper with the same specification as the standard sampling filter paper as test sampling filter paper, and fixing the test sampling filter paper on the test sampler;
and sampling the alpha aerosol in the environment to be tested by adopting the test sampler to obtain test sample filter paper.
Preferably, the data processing module determines an artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region according to a contribution factor of natural alpha of the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region, the total alpha count and the natural alpha count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein a calculation formula for determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region is as follows:
wherein C is Ttotal For artificial alpha true count of artificial alpha energy region, C total And C ni The total alpha count of the filter paper of the test sample and the natural alpha count of the ith natural alpha energy region are respectively, the natural alpha count of the ith natural alpha energy region is the characteristic peak count, F i Tribute for the ith natural alpha energy regionAnd donate factors.
The device for measuring the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol provided in this embodiment is based on the test sample filter paper obtained from the environment to be measured, and the measured total alpha count, the characteristic peak count of each natural alpha energy region, and the step of calculating the actual count of the artificial alpha energy region by calibrating the contribution factor of the natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region are adopted, so that the technical effects achieved by the same steps as those adopted in the method for measuring the concentration of the artificial alpha aerosol provided in this embodiment are the same, and are not repeated herein.
The basic principles of the present disclosure have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, however, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, effects, etc. mentioned in the present disclosure are merely examples and not limiting, and these advantages, benefits, effects, etc. are not to be considered as necessarily possessed by the various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and understanding only, and are not intended to be limiting, since the disclosure is not necessarily limited to practice with the specific details described.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different manner from other embodiments, so that the same or similar parts between the embodiments are mutually referred to. For system embodiments, the description is relatively simple as it essentially corresponds to method embodiments, and reference should be made to the description of method embodiments for relevant points.
The block diagrams of the devices, apparatuses, devices, systems referred to in this disclosure are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the connections, arrangements, configurations must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the devices, apparatuses, devices, systems may be connected, arranged, configured in any manner. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are words of openness and mean "including but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The terms "or" and "as used herein refer to and are used interchangeably with the term" and/or "unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term "such as" as used herein refers to, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as, but not limited to.
The methods and apparatus of the present disclosure may be implemented in a number of ways. For example, the methods and apparatus of the present disclosure may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, firmware. The above-described sequence of steps for the method is for illustration only, and the steps of the method of the present disclosure are not limited to the sequence specifically described above unless specifically stated otherwise. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the present disclosure may also be implemented as programs recorded in a recording medium, the programs including machine-readable instructions for implementing the methods according to the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure also covers a recording medium storing a program for executing the method according to the present disclosure.
It is also noted that in the apparatus, devices and methods of the present disclosure, components or steps may be disassembled and/or assembled. Such decomposition and/or recombination should be considered equivalent to the present disclosure. The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the disclosure to the form disclosed herein. Although a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and subcombinations thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A method of measuring an artificial alpha aerosol concentration, the method comprising:
obtaining test sample filter paper containing an alpha aerosol sample in an environment to be tested, wherein the alpha aerosol sample in the environment to be tested contains artificial alpha aerosol and natural alpha aerosol;
detecting the test sample filter paper in real time, and collecting the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper;
carrying out signal analysis on the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper to determine the energy spectrum data of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper, wherein the energy spectrum data comprises an alpha total count and characteristic peak counts corresponding to a plurality of natural alpha energy area areas calibrated in advance;
and determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region according to the contribution factors of the natural alpha among the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy region, wherein the total alpha count and the natural alpha counts corresponding to the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy regions.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to obtaining a test sample filter paper comprising an a-aerosol sample in the environment to be tested:
taking an environment to be measured which does not contain artificial alpha aerosol as a calibration environment;
setting a pumping speed value of a calibration sampler;
adopting filter paper with specified specification as calibration sampling filter paper, and fixing the calibration sampling filter paper on the calibration sampler;
sampling alpha aerosol in the calibration environment by adopting the sampler to obtain calibration sample filter paper;
performing first-round time-division measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a first-round measurement result, wherein the first-round measurement result comprises a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count measured in each time period;
dividing a natural alpha energy region into a plurality of natural alpha energy region regions according to the first round of measurement result;
performing second-round time-interval measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a second-round measurement result, wherein the second-round measurement result comprises a characteristic peak count of each natural alpha energy region and a natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, which are measured in each time interval;
and calculating the contribution factor of the natural alpha of each natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region according to the second round of measurement results.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the dividing the natural α -energy region into a plurality of natural α -energy region regions based on the first round of measurements comprises:
and measuring according to each time period to obtain a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count, and determining the adjacent region of each characteristic peak as a natural alpha energy region interval.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein calculating a contribution factor of natural α to artificial α energy regions for each natural α energy region interval from the second round of measurements comprises:
generating a contribution factor solving equation according to the characteristic peak count between each natural alpha energy region and the natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein the characteristic peak count and the natural alpha total count are measured in each time period, and the expression of the contribution factor solving equation is as follows:
wherein C is total And C i Respectively measuring the obtained natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region and the characteristic peak count between the ith natural alpha energy region, F i A contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region;
combining a plurality of contribution factor solving equations generated according to the second round of measurement results to obtain a contribution factor solving equation set;
and solving an equation set for the contribution factors to obtain an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution is used as the contribution factor of the natural alpha between the natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy regions.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the obtaining a sample filter paper comprising an a-aerosol sample in the environment to be measured comprises:
taking the pumping speed value of the calibration sampler as the pumping speed value of the test sampler;
adopting filter paper with the same specification as the standard sampling filter paper as test sampling filter paper, and fixing the test sampling filter paper on the test sampler;
and sampling the alpha aerosol in the environment to be tested by adopting the test sampler to obtain test sample filter paper.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region based on the contribution factor of the natural alpha of the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region, the total alpha count and the natural alpha count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein the calculating formula for determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region is:
wherein C is Ttotal For artificial alpha true count of artificial alpha energy region, C total And C ni The total alpha count on the filter paper of the test sample and the natural alpha count between the ith natural alpha energy region are respectively the characteristic peak count, F i Is a contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region.
7. An apparatus for measuring the concentration of an artificial alpha aerosol, the apparatus comprising:
the sample collection module is used for obtaining test sample filter paper containing an alpha aerosol sample in an environment to be tested, wherein the alpha aerosol sample in the environment to be tested contains artificial alpha aerosol and natural alpha aerosol;
the data acquisition module is used for detecting the test sample filter paper in real time and acquiring the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper;
the data analysis module is used for carrying out signal analysis on the radioactive signal of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper and determining energy spectrum data of the alpha aerosol sample on the test sample filter paper, wherein the energy spectrum data comprises a total alpha count and natural alpha counts corresponding to a plurality of natural alpha energy area areas calibrated in advance;
and the result output module is used for determining the artificial alpha true count of the artificial alpha energy region according to the contribution factors of the natural alpha among the pre-calibrated multiple natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy region, and the total alpha count and the natural alpha count corresponding to each of the pre-calibrated multiple natural alpha energy regions.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a sample calibration module for determining a contribution factor of natural α to artificial α energy regions between a plurality of natural α energy regions, wherein:
taking an environment to be measured which does not contain artificial alpha aerosol as a calibration environment;
setting a pumping speed value of a calibration sampler;
adopting filter paper with specified specification as calibration sampling filter paper, and fixing the calibration sampling filter paper on the calibration sampler;
sampling alpha aerosol in the calibration environment by adopting the sampler to obtain calibration sample filter paper;
performing first-round time-division measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a first-round measurement result, wherein the first-round measurement result comprises a natural alpha energy region characteristic peak count measured in each time period;
dividing a natural alpha energy region into a plurality of natural alpha energy region regions according to the first round of measurement result;
performing second-round time-interval measurement on the calibration sample filter paper to obtain a second-round measurement result, wherein the second-round measurement result comprises a characteristic peak count of each natural alpha energy region and a natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, which are measured in each time interval;
and calculating the contribution factor of the natural alpha of each natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region according to the second round of measurement results.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sample calibration module calculates a contribution factor of natural α to artificial α energy regions for each natural α energy region from the second round of measurements, comprising:
generating a contribution factor solving equation according to the natural alpha count between each natural alpha energy region and the natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region, wherein the natural alpha count is measured in each time period, and the expression of the contribution factor solving equation is as follows:
wherein C is total And C i Respectively measuring the obtained natural alpha total count of the natural alpha energy region and the characteristic peak count between the ith natural alpha energy region, F i A contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region;
combining a plurality of contribution factor solving equations generated according to the second round of measurement results to obtain a contribution factor solving equation set;
and solving an equation set for the contribution factors to obtain an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution is used as the contribution factor of the natural alpha between the natural alpha energy regions to the artificial alpha energy regions.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the data processing module determines an artificial alpha true count for the artificial alpha energy region based on the total alpha count and the natural alpha count for the natural alpha energy region based on a contribution factor of the natural alpha of the pre-calibrated natural alpha energy region to the artificial alpha energy region, wherein the artificial alpha true count for the artificial alpha energy region is determined by a calculation formula:
wherein C is Ttotal For artificial alpha true count of artificial alpha energy region, C total And C ni Respectively the total alpha count in the filter paper of the test sample and the natural alpha count between the ith natural alpha energy region, wherein the natural alpha count between the ith natural alpha energy region is the characteristic peak count, F i Is a contributing factor between the ith natural alpha energy region.
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