CN116793330B - Quantum enhanced fiber optic gyroscope based on continuous variable quantum entanglement source and method - Google Patents
Quantum enhanced fiber optic gyroscope based on continuous variable quantum entanglement source and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum optics and quantum precision measurement equipment, and discloses a quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope based on a continuous variable quantum entanglement source and a method thereof. The quantum enhancement type fiber optic gyroscope adopts continuous single-frequency laser as a light source, the continuous single-frequency laser is divided into two beams through a beam splitter, one beam is noise-reduced through a mode cleaner and is used as injection light, the other beam is noise-reduced through the mode cleaner and is used as pumping light after frequency multiplication through a frequency multiplier, the injection light and the pumping light generate continuous variable quantum entangled state light fields in a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier, the continuous variable quantum entangled state light fields are coupled into an optical fiber Sagnac interferometer of the fiber optic gyroscope to realize quantum precise measurement of tiny signals breaking through the limit of shot noise, and the precision of the fiber optic gyroscope is improved by improving the sensitivity and the signal to noise ratio of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer. The invention is not only suitable for the national defense field to equip a high-precision inertial navigation system, but also suitable for the fields of measuring the instantaneous angular velocity of earth rotation, measuring rotary seismic waves and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum optics and quantum precision measurement equipment, and particularly relates to a quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope based on a continuous variable quantum entanglement source and a method thereof.
Background
The gyroscope is a sensor for measuring the rotation angle or angular velocity of a moving object in an inertial space, can sense the change of the attitude angle and the angular velocity of a carrier, and is widely applied to inertial navigation systems. The fiber optic gyroscope has the characteristics of high precision, long service life, small volume, good reliability, short reaction time, strong anti-interference capability and the like, is low in cost and suitable for batch production, and is widely applied to the civil fields of missile, aviation, aerospace, navigation fields, resource survey, geodetic survey, tunnel railway construction and the like. The optical sensor of the optical fiber gyroscope is a Sagnac interferometer, two beams of light are respectively and independently transmitted along the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction in the annular Sagnac interferometer wound by the optical fiber, and when the optical fiber ring is static, the two beams of light have equal transmission time and equal optical path in the optical fiber; when the optical fiber rotates around its vertical plane at a certain angular velocity, the optical path lengths of the two light beams propagating in opposite directions change. The optical fiber gyroscope is used as a heart of an inertial system, so that the improvement of performance accuracy is a great demand of national defense equipment, and plays an important role in promoting national economy. Due to the limitation of shot noise caused by the quantization of the optical field, the technical iterative upgrade can not enable the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope to further break through the quantum noise limit. With the rapid development of quantum technology, a necessary trend is to introduce a quantum light source into an optical interferometer so that the measurement accuracy of the interferometer is continuously close to the hessian limit.
Currently, scientists have used quantum light sources to increase the sensitivity of detection of gravitational waves based on michelson laser interferometers. The research of utilizing a continuous variable quantum entangled state to inject an optical sensor of a fiber optic gyroscope, namely a Sagnac interferometer, to realize the measurement of tiny signals breaking through the limit of quantum noise has not been reported yet. The literature Demonstration of a quantum-enhanced fiber Sagnac interferometer, opt. Lett. 35, 1665 (2010) "reports that the improvement of the signal to noise ratio by filling the vacuum channel of a Sagnac interferometer with a compressed state light field is different from the principle of improving the measurement accuracy of a Sagnac interferometer by quantum entanglement; in addition, the Sagnac interferometer is not subjected to bias compensation and gyroscopic effect output, so that further research is required on whether the performance accuracy of the fiber-optic gyroscope can be improved. The document "Entanglement-enhanced optical gyroscope, new J. Of Phys.21, 053010 (2019)" reports that phase measurement breaking the shot noise limit is achieved by using entangled photon pairs, and the absolute accuracy of the entangled photon pairs cannot exceed that of the conventional fiber optic gyroscope due to the low brightness of the entangled photon pairs. The interference type optical fiber gyroscope based on quantum effect and the measuring device based on stimulated parameter down-conversion and the quantum enhancement phase measuring method which are related to the Chinese patent application ZL2011104491085 and the Chinese patent application publication 2022100153336 are both schemes for quantum enhancement type precise measurement by using entangled photon pairs as quantum light sources. However, due to the limitation of entangled photons on the generation rate, brightness, single photon detection efficiency and other factors, the light source is not an ideal light source for improving the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the conventional classical light source cannot be used as an ideal light source for improving the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope and has high signal-to-noise ratio and unstable detection on the optical fiber gyroscope due to the restriction of entangled photons on factors such as the generation rate, brightness, single photon detection efficiency and the like in the prior art. The invention designs an ideal light source of a new generation quantum enhancement fiber optic gyroscope by taking a continuous variable quantum entangled state light field which is different from entangled photon pairs and has a continuous spectrum structure of the eigenstates of the quantum variable, such as orthogonal components of the light field, and the like, so that the invention has the characteristics of deterministic generation, high detection efficiency and average output brightness.
Based on the method, the non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier with compact structure is adopted to convert continuous single-frequency laser into a continuous variable quantum entangled state light field. Therefore, the invention provides a quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope and a method based on a continuous variable quantum entanglement source, which are used for realizing the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of the optical fiber gyroscope optical sensor, namely the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer, breaking through the quantum noise limit, thereby improving the performance precision of the optical fiber gyroscope.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the quantum enhanced fiber optic gyroscope based on continuous variable quantum entanglement source comprises a laser for generating continuous single-frequency laser, a beam splitter is arranged on an emergent light path of the laser, the beam splitter divides the continuous single-frequency laser output by the laser into a first emergent light beam and a second emergent light beam, a first mode cleaner, a 45 DEG high reflection plane mirror, an optical isolator and a first half-wave plate are respectively arranged on the first emergent light path to form an injection light path, a frequency multiplier, a second mode cleaner and a second half-wave plate are respectively arranged on the second emergent light path to form a pumping light path, a 45 DEG double-color plane mirror and a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier are sequentially arranged on the injection light path and the pumping light path along the propagation direction, the non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier comprises an optical resonant cavity formed by a first flat concave mirror and a second flat concave mirror with concave surface curvature radius of 30 mm and a nonlinear crystal arranged in the optical resonant cavity, the back of the second concave mirror is provided with piezoelectric ceramics, the first concave mirror and the second concave mirror are respectively plated with partial reflecting films for 1550 nm and 775 nm light, the reverse emergent light path of the optical isolator is provided with a first detector, the first detector is used for converting the signal light which is reflected by the second concave mirror and carries the cavity length information of the optical resonant cavity into electric signals to be transmitted to a cavity length control system, the piezoelectric ceramics are used for controlling and locking the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity by the cavity length control system according to the signal light, the nonlinear crystal is provided with a temperature control system which is used for accurately controlling the temperature of the nonlinear crystal so as to improve the temperature stability of the nonlinear crystal and enable the temperature of the nonlinear crystal to reach the optimal temperature matching condition, the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer is arranged on an emergent light path of the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier and comprises a third half wave plate, a first polarization beam splitter prism and an optical fiber ring, wherein the third half wave plate, the first polarization beam splitter prism and the optical fiber ring are sequentially arranged along the light field propagation direction, the two ends of the optical fiber ring are respectively provided with a first optical fiber coupler and a second optical fiber coupler, the electric rotating table is used for controlling the rotation angular velocity of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer to obtain a tiny phase signal, an optical fiber modulator is arranged at any end of the optical fiber ring and used for controlling the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer to conduct phase modulation and lock and bias to pi/2, and a balanced homodyne detection system is arranged at the output end of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer and is used for detecting the light field carrying the tiny phase signal through the output of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer, so that the quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope can measure the tiny phase signal.
As a further supplementary explanation of the above technical solution, the nonlinear crystal has a length of 10 mm, two end surfaces are respectively coated with an antireflection film for 1550 nm and 775 nm light, and one of the end surfaces is provided with a wedge angle of 1 ° for realizing the change of the optical path of the optical field in the crystal.
As a further supplementary explanation of the above technical solution, the nonlinear crystal is a nonlinear crystal adopting a class II phase matching mode.
As further explanation and limitation of the above technical solution, the cavity length control system includes a phase-locked amplifier, a pid controller, and a high-voltage amplifier, where a signal input end of the phase-locked amplifier is connected to a signal output end of the first detector, a signal input end of the pid controller is connected to an error signal output end of the phase-locked amplifier, a signal input end of the high-voltage amplifier is connected to a modulation signal output end of the phase-locked amplifier and a signal output end of the pid controller, respectively, and a signal output end of the high-voltage amplifier is connected to a piezoelectric ceramic, and the piezoelectric ceramic controls movement of the second concave mirror according to a cavity locking signal output by the high-voltage amplifier, so as to lock a cavity length of the optical resonant cavity.
As further explanation and limitation of the technical scheme, the temperature control system consists of a temperature controller, a crystal furnace, a thermistor, a thermal insulation sleeve and a Peltier element, wherein the nonlinear crystal is placed in a groove of the crystal furnace made of a metal material, the thermal insulation sleeve made of a thermal insulation material is wrapped outside the crystal furnace, the thermal insulation sleeve is used for enabling the nonlinear crystal to be heated uniformly and dissipating heat quickly, the purpose of accurate temperature control is achieved, a heating surface of the Peltier element is attached to the bottom of the crystal furnace, a refrigerating surface of the Peltier element is attached to the top of a base of the temperature controller Wen Taozhuang, the Peltier element is used for realizing accurate temperature control of the nonlinear crystal, a small hole leading to the center of the groove is formed in the end face of the crystal furnace, the thermistor is placed in the small hole, the thermistor is used for feeding back the temperature of the nonlinear crystal accurately in real time, and the thermistor and the Peltier element is connected with an input end and an output end of the temperature controller respectively.
As further explanation and limitation of the technical scheme, the balanced homodyne detection system comprises a fourth half wave plate, a second polarization beam splitter prism, a second detector and a third detector, wherein the fourth half wave plate and the second polarization beam splitter prism are respectively arranged on the emergent light path of the first polarization beam splitter prism, the second detector and the third detector are arranged on the emergent light path of the second polarization beam splitter prism, an output light field of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer is divided into a third quantum state light field and a fourth quantum state light field through the second polarization beam splitter prism after passing through the fourth half wave plate, the third quantum state light field receives and detects the third quantum state light field information through the second detector, and the fourth quantum state light field receives and detects the fourth quantum state light field information through the third detector.
The method for adopting the quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope based on the continuous variable quantum entanglement source in the scheme comprises the following steps of:
s1, a laser emits continuous single-frequency laser with an optical communication wave band, and the continuous single-frequency laser is divided into two continuous single-frequency lasers with the wavelength of 1550 and nm through a beam splitter;
s2, filtering and denoising a beam of continuous single-frequency laser through a first mode cleaner to obtain injection light with the wavelength of 1550 nm;
s3, simultaneously, after the other continuous single-frequency laser passes through the frequency multiplier, obtaining frequency multiplication light with the frequency twice that of the laser and the wavelength of 775 nm, and filtering and noise reduction treatment are carried out on the frequency multiplication light through a second mode cleaner, so as to obtain pump light with the wavelength of 775 nm;
s4, the injected light is reflected to an optical isolator through a 45-degree high-reflection plane mirror to control unidirectional propagation of the injected light, the optical isolator outputs and then sequentially transmits the injected light to a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier through a first half-wave plate and a 45-degree bicolor plane mirror, and meanwhile, pump light with the wavelength of 775 and nm is reflected to the non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier through a second half-wave plate through the 45-degree bicolor plane mirror;
s5, the temperature control system ensures the temperature stability of the nonlinear crystal;
s6, controlling and locking the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity by the cavity length control system;
s7, under the condition that the temperature of a nonlinear crystal and the cavity length of an optical resonant cavity are stable, the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier generates and outputs a quantum entangled state light field with the wavelength of 1550 nm through an optical parametric process according to pump light and injection light, and the quantum entangled state light field enters an optical fiber Sagnac interferometer;
s8, outputting a first quantum state light field and a second quantum state light field by the quantum entangled state light field through a first polarization beam splitter prism, wherein the first quantum state light field enters an optical fiber ring through a first optical fiber coupler to be transmitted clockwise, and the second quantum state light field enters the optical fiber ring through a second optical fiber coupler to be transmitted anticlockwise;
s9, the optical fiber modulator carries out phase modulation on the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer and locks and biases the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer to pi/2, and meanwhile, the rotation angular velocity of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer is controlled by the electric rotating table to obtain a micro phase signal;
s10, outputting an optical field carrying the micro phase signal through a first polarization beam splitter prism to enter a balanced homodyne detection system for detection, so that the quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope is used for measuring the micro phase signal, and the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope is improved.
As a further explanation and limitation of the above technical solution, in step S5, a specific control method of the temperature control system includes the following steps:
s5.1, transmitting the real-time temperature of the nonlinear crystal to a temperature controller by the thermistor;
s5.2, the temperature controller automatically adjusts output current according to the difference value between the real-time temperature and the preset temperature;
s5.3, the Peltier element heats the crystal furnace according to the output current of the temperature controller, so that the temperature of the nonlinear crystal is accurately controlled, the stability of the temperature is improved, the temperature of the nonlinear crystal reaches the optimal temperature matching condition, and the wavelength movement of an entangled state light field caused by temperature change is avoided.
As a further explanation and limitation of the above technical solution, in step S6, a specific method for controlling and locking the cavity length by the cavity length control system includes the following steps:
s6.1, when the injected light is transmitted through the second flat concave mirror, part of the injected light is reflected and used as signal light carrying the cavity length information of the optical resonant cavity, and the signal light is reversely transmitted along the nonlinear crystal, the first flat concave mirror and the 45-degree bicolor plane mirror in sequence;
s6.2, outputting the signal light to a first detector through an optical isolator to be converted into an electric signal;
s6.3, the first detector outputs the electric signal to the interior of the lock-in amplifier to realize the same-frequency demodulation with the local modulation signal in the mixer, and the demodulated signal is sent to the low-pass filter to obtain an error signal;
s6.4, the error signal is sent to a proportional-integral-derivative controller to carry out proportional-integral-derivative control, and an error regulating signal is obtained;
and S6.5, the high-voltage amplifier performs mixed amplification according to the modulation signal output by the phase-locked amplifier and the error regulation signal output by the proportional-integral-derivative controller to obtain a cavity-locked signal.
Compared with the prior optical fiber gyroscope which adopts classical light or discrete variable entangled photon pair as a light source for measurement, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier with a compact structure is adopted to convert continuous single-frequency laser into a continuous variable quantum entangled state light field, quantum correlation between orthogonal components exists between two beams of light of the continuous variable quantum entangled state light field, fluctuation of the light field is lower than a shot noise reference, the continuous variable quantum entangled state light field is incident into an optical fiber Sagnac interferometer, wherein an optical fiber ring is placed on an electric turntable so as to enable the optical fiber ring to have a rotation angular velocity, the interferometer loads a micro-phase signal generated by rotation on the light field, and a balanced homodyne detection system is used for detecting the light field carrying the micro-phase signal, so that quantum precision measurement of the rotation angular velocity of the quantum enhanced optical fiber gyroscope is realized. The measurement accuracy of the optical fiber gyroscope is improved by improving the measurement sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer.
2. According to the invention, the temperature of the nonlinear crystal is controlled by the temperature control system, so that the stability of the temperature of the nonlinear crystal is improved, the temperature of the nonlinear crystal further reaches an optimal temperature matching condition, and the wavelength movement of an entangled state light field caused by temperature change is avoided; meanwhile, the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity is precisely controlled and locked by utilizing the cavity length control system, so that the continuous variable quantum entangled state light field has the characteristics of deterministic generation, high detection efficiency and average output brightness, the signal-to-noise ratio and the sensitivity of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer are improved, and the measurement accuracy of the optical fiber gyroscope is further improved.
3. The invention can realize the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio and the sensitivity of the optical fiber gyroscope optical sensor-optical fiber Sagnac interferometer breaking through the quantum noise limit, thereby improving the performance precision of the optical fiber gyroscope.
4. The optical isolator is arranged on the injection optical path and used for controlling the unidirectional propagation of the injection light, so that signal light carrying the cavity length information of the optical resonant cavity is conveniently extracted, converted into an electric signal through the first detector and provided for the cavity length control system, and the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity is precisely controlled and locked.
5. The invention can be used for realizing a new generation of quantum enhancement type high-precision optical fiber gyroscope, is not only suitable for a high-precision inertial navigation system arranged in the national defense field, but also suitable for the fields of measuring the instantaneous angular velocity of earth rotation, measuring rotary seismic waves and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a quantum-enhanced fiber optic gyroscope in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a quantum-enhanced fiber optic gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for measuring a quantum-enhanced fiber optic gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the laser comprises a laser 1, a beam splitter 2, a first mode cleaner 3, a frequency multiplier 4, a second mode cleaner 5, a 45-degree high-reflection plane mirror 6, an optical isolator 7, a first half-wave plate 8, a second half-wave plate 9, a 45-degree bicolor plane mirror 10, a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier 11, a temperature control system 12, a cavity length control system 13, a first detector 14, a third half-wave plate 15, a first polarization beam splitter prism 16, a first optical fiber coupler 17, a second optical fiber coupler 18, an optical fiber ring 19, an optical fiber modulator 20, an electric rotating table 21, a fourth half-wave plate 22, a second polarization beam splitter prism 23, a second detector 24 and a third detector 25.
Wherein the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier comprises: a first concave mirror 111, a second concave mirror 112, a piezoelectric ceramic 113, a nonlinear crystal 114;
the cavity length control system comprises: a lock-in amplifier 131, a proportional-integral-derivative controller 132, and a high-voltage amplifier 133.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a quantum enhancement fiber optic gyroscope based on a continuous variable quantum entanglement source comprises a laser 1 for generating continuous single-frequency laser, wherein a beam splitter 2 is arranged on an emergent light path of the laser 1, the beam splitter 2 divides the continuous single-frequency laser output by the laser 1 into a first emergent light and a second emergent light, a first mode cleaner 3, a 45 DEG high-reflection plane mirror 6, an optical isolator 7 and a first half wave plate 8 are respectively arranged on the first emergent light path to form an injection light path, a frequency multiplier 4, a second mode cleaner 5 and a second half wave plate 9 are respectively arranged on the second emergent light path to form a pumping light path, a 45 DEG double-color plane mirror 10 and a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier 11 are respectively arranged on the injection light path and the pumping light path along the propagation direction, the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier 11 comprises an optical resonant cavity formed by a first flat concave mirror 111 with a concave curvature radius of 30 mm and a second flat concave mirror 112, and a nonlinear crystal 114 arranged in the optical resonant cavity, wherein a piezoelectric ceramic 113 is arranged on the back surface of the second flat concave mirror 112, partial reflection films for 1550 nm and 775 nm light are plated on the first flat concave mirror 111 and the second flat concave mirror 112 (the reflectivity of the first flat concave mirror 111 for vertically polarized light is Rs=99.9% @ 1550 nm, the transmissivity of the first flat concave mirror 111 for vertically polarized light is Ts=10% @ 775, nm, the transmissivity of the second flat concave mirror 112 for vertically polarized light is Ts=6% @ 1550 nm, the reflectivity of the second flat concave mirror 112 is Rs=99.9% @ nm), a first detector 14 is arranged on the backward emergent light path of the optical isolator 7, the first detector 14 is configured to convert the injected light, which is reflected by the second concave mirror 112 and carries the information of the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity, into an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the cavity length control system 13, where the cavity length control system 13 includes a phase-locked amplifier 131, a proportional-integral-derivative controller 132, and a high-voltage amplifier 133, where a signal input end of the phase-locked amplifier 131 is connected to a signal output end of the first detector 14, a signal input end of the proportional-integral-derivative controller 132 is connected to an error signal output end of the phase-locked amplifier 131, and a signal input end of the high-voltage amplifier 133 is connected to a modulation signal output end of the phase-locked amplifier 131 and a signal output end of the proportional-integral-derivative controller 132, and the signal output end of the high-voltage amplifier 133 is connected to a piezoelectric ceramic 113, and the piezoelectric ceramic 113 controls movement of the second concave mirror 112 according to a cavity locking signal output by the high-voltage amplifier 133, so as to lock the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity. Accordingly, the piezoelectric ceramic 113 can control and lock the cavity length of the optical resonator by the cavity length control system 13 according to the signal light. The temperature control system 12 is arranged on the nonlinear crystal 114, the temperature control system 12 is composed of a temperature controller, a crystal furnace, a thermistor, a thermal insulation sleeve and a Peltier element, the nonlinear crystal 114 is placed in a groove of the crystal furnace made of metal materials, the thermal insulation sleeve made of thermal insulation materials is wrapped outside the crystal furnace, the thermal insulation sleeve is used for enabling the nonlinear crystal 114 to be heated uniformly and dissipating heat quickly, the purpose of accurate temperature control is achieved, a heating surface of the Peltier element is attached to the bottom of the crystal furnace, a refrigerating surface of the Peltier element is attached to the top of a base of Wen Taozhuang, the Peltier element is used for achieving accurate temperature control of the nonlinear crystal 114, a small hole leading to the center of the groove is formed in the end face of the crystal furnace, the thermistor is placed in the small hole, the thermistor is used for accurately feeding back the temperature of the nonlinear crystal 114 in real time, and the thermistor and the Peltier element are respectively connected with the input end and the output end of the temperature controller. Therefore, the temperature control system 12 can precisely control the temperature of the nonlinear crystal 114, so as to improve the stability of the temperature thereof, and make the temperature of the nonlinear crystal 114 reach the optimal temperature matching condition, thereby avoiding the wavelength shift of the entangled optical field caused by temperature change. The optical fiber Sagnac interferometer is located on an emergent light path of the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier 11 and is arranged on an electric rotating table 21, the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer comprises a third half-wave plate 15, a first polarization beam splitter prism 16 and an optical fiber ring 19, wherein the third half-wave plate 15, the first polarization beam splitter prism 16 and the optical fiber ring 19 are sequentially arranged along the light field propagation direction, the two ends of the optical fiber ring 19 are respectively provided with a first optical fiber coupler 17 and a second optical fiber coupler 18, the electric rotating table 21 is used for controlling the rotation angular velocity of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer to obtain a tiny phase signal, an optical fiber modulator 20 is arranged at any end of the optical fiber ring 19, the optical fiber modulator 20 is used for controlling the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer to carry out phase modulation and lock bias to pi/2, and a balance homodyne detection system is arranged at the output end of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer, and the balance homodyne detection system detects the light field carrying the tiny phase signal through the output of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer, so that the quantum enhanced optical fiber gyroscope measures the tiny phase signal.
As a further implementation manner of the foregoing example, the nonlinear crystal 114 has a length of 10 mm, two end faces are respectively coated with an antireflection film (the reflectivity is R <0.1% @ 1550 nm &775 nm) for 1550 nm and 775 nm light, and a wedge angle of 1 ° is disposed on one of the end faces for realizing the optical path change of the optical field in the crystal. In this embodiment, we can realize the three resonance operation states of the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier 11 through the temperature and wedge angle changes of the nonlinear crystal 114, and provide the required conditions for the quantum entangled state optical field.
As a preferred implementation of the above embodiment, the nonlinear crystal 114 is a nonlinear crystal adopting a class II phase matching method. In this example, we prefer that the potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal be a class II phase-matched nonlinear crystal.
In the above embodiment, the balanced homodyne detection system includes the fourth half-wave plate 22, the second polarization beam splitter prism 23, and the second detector 24 and the third detector 25 disposed on the two paths of outgoing light paths of the second polarization beam splitter prism 23, where the output light field of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer is divided into the third quantum state light field and the fourth quantum state light field by the second polarization beam splitter prism 23 after passing through the fourth half-wave plate 22, the third quantum state light field receives and detects the third quantum state light field information by the second detector 24, and the fourth quantum state light field receives and detects the fourth quantum state light field information by the third detector 25.
As shown in fig. 3, a method for using the quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope based on the continuous variable quantum entanglement source in the embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, a laser 1 emits continuous single-frequency laser light with an optical communication wave band, and the continuous single-frequency laser light is split into two continuous single-frequency laser light with the wavelength of 1550 nm through a beam splitter 2;
s2, filtering and denoising a beam of continuous single-frequency laser through a first mode cleaner 3 to obtain injection light with the wavelength of 1550 nm;
s3, at the same time, after the other continuous single-frequency laser passes through the frequency multiplier 4, frequency multiplication light with the frequency twice that of the laser and the wavelength of 775 nm is obtained, and the frequency multiplication light is filtered and noise reduced by the second mode cleaner 5, so that pumping light with the wavelength of 775 nm is obtained;
s4, the injected light is reflected to the optical isolator 7 through the 45-degree high-reflection plane mirror 6 to control unidirectional propagation of the injected light, the output of the optical isolator 7 is sequentially transmitted to the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier 11 through the first half-wave plate 8 and the 45-degree double-color plane mirror 10, and meanwhile, the pump light with the wavelength of 775 and nm is reflected to the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier 11 through the second half-wave plate 9 and the 45-degree double-color plane mirror 10;
s5, the temperature control system 12 ensures the temperature stability of the nonlinear crystal 114, wherein the specific control method of the temperature control system 12 comprises the following steps:
s5.1, transmitting the real-time temperature of the nonlinear crystal 114 to a temperature controller by the thermistor;
s5.2, the temperature controller automatically adjusts output current according to the difference value between the real-time temperature and the preset temperature;
s5.3, the Peltier element heats the crystal furnace according to the output current of the temperature controller, so that the temperature of the nonlinear crystal 114 is accurately controlled, the stability of the temperature is improved, the temperature of the nonlinear crystal 114 reaches the optimal temperature matching condition, and the wavelength movement of an entangled state light field caused by temperature change is avoided;
s6, controlling and locking the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity by the cavity length control system 13, wherein the specific method for controlling and locking the cavity length by the cavity length control system 13 comprises the following steps:
s6.1, when the injected light is transmitted through the second flat concave mirror 112, part of the injected light is reflected and carries information of the optical resonant cavity to form signal light, and the signal light is reversely transmitted along the nonlinear crystal 114, the first flat concave mirror 111 and the 45-degree bicolor flat mirror 10 in sequence;
s6.2, outputting the signal light to the first detector 14 through the optical isolator 7 to be converted into an electric signal;
s6.3, the first detector 14 outputs the electric signal to the inside of the phase-locked amplifier 131 to realize the same-frequency demodulation with the local modulation signal in the mixer, and the demodulated signal is sent to a low-pass filter to obtain an error signal;
s6.4, the error signal is sent to a proportional-integral-derivative controller 132 to carry out proportional-integral-derivative control, and an error adjustment signal is obtained;
s6.5, the high-voltage amplifier 133 performs mixed amplification according to the modulation signal output by the lock-in amplifier 131 and the error regulation signal output by the proportional-integral-derivative controller 132 to obtain a lock-in signal;
s7, under the condition that the temperature of a nonlinear crystal 114 and the cavity length of an optical resonant cavity are stable, the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier 11 generates and outputs a quantum entangled state light field with the wavelength of 1550 nm through an optical parametric process according to pump light and injection light, wherein the type II phase matching mode requires 775 nm pump light to enter the nonlinear crystal 114 in an S polarization incidence mode, generates two quantum entangled state light fields with the wavelength of 1550 nm but the polarization mutually perpendicular, and the polarization is S-polarized and p-polarized respectively, and enters an optical fiber Sagnac interferometer;
s8, outputting a first quantum state light field and a second quantum state light field by the quantum entangled state light field through the first polarization beam splitter prism 16, wherein the first quantum state light field enters the optical fiber ring 19 through the first optical fiber coupler 17 to propagate clockwise, and the second quantum state light field enters the optical fiber ring 19 through the second optical fiber coupler 18 to propagate anticlockwise;
s9, the optical fiber modulator 20 carries out phase modulation on the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer and locks and biases the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer to pi/2, and simultaneously, the electric rotating table 21 is utilized to control the rotation angular velocity of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer to obtain a micro phase signal;
s10, outputting an optical field carrying the micro phase signal through a first polarization beam splitter prism 16 to enter a balanced homodyne detection system for detection, so that the quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope is used for measuring the micro phase signal, and the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope is improved.
Based on the embodiment, the continuous single-frequency laser pumping nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier is adopted to generate the continuous variable quantum entangled state light field of the optical communication wave band, the continuous variable quantum entangled state light field of the optical communication wave band is injected into the optical sensor of the optical fiber gyroscope, namely the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer, and the quantum precise measurement of the tiny phase signal of the quantum enhanced optical fiber gyroscope, which breaks through the limit of shot noise, is realized by utilizing the quantum entangled characteristics of two light fields of the quantum entangled state light field, so that the measurement sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer are improved, and the measurement precision of the optical fiber gyroscope is further improved.
While the principal features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the detailed description of the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other embodiments without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention, and the inventive concept and design concept of the invention shall be equally included in the scope of the invention disclosed in the appended claims. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a quantum enhancement mode fiber optic gyroscope based on continuous variable quantum entanglement source, includes optic fibre Sagnac interferometer, and it includes third half wave plate (15), first polarization beam splitter prism (16) and both ends are provided with optical fiber ring (19) of first fiber optic coupler (17), second fiber optic coupler (18) respectively that follow light field propagation direction in proper order, its characterized in that: the laser comprises a laser (1) for generating continuous single-frequency laser, wherein a beam splitter (2) is arranged on an emergent light path of the laser (1), the beam splitter (2) divides the continuous single-frequency laser output by the laser (1) into a first emergent light beam and a second emergent light beam, a first mode cleaner (3), a 45-degree high-reflection plane mirror (6), an optical isolator (7) and a first half-wave plate (8) are respectively arranged on the first emergent light path to form an injection light path, a frequency multiplier (4), a second mode cleaner (5) and a second half-wave plate (9) are respectively arranged on the second emergent light path to form a pumping light path, a 45-degree double-color plane mirror (10) and a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (11) are sequentially arranged on the injection light path and the pumping light path along the propagation direction, the non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (11) comprises an optical resonant cavity formed by a first concave mirror (111) and a second concave mirror (112) with concave curvature radius of 30 mm, and a nonlinear crystal (114) arranged in the optical resonant cavity, and the nonlinear crystal (114) is in a nonlinear phase-matching mode; one end face of the nonlinear crystal (114) is provided with a wedge angle of 1 DEG, and the wedge angle is used for realizing the change of the optical path of an optical field in the crystal; a piezoelectric ceramic (113) is arranged on the back of the second flat concave mirror (112), partial reflection films for 1550 nm and 775 nm light are plated on the first flat concave mirror (111) and the second flat concave mirror (112), a first detector (14) is arranged on a reverse emergent light path of the optical isolator (7), the first detector (14) is used for converting signal light which is reflected by the second flat concave mirror (112) and carries optical resonant cavity length information into electric signals to be transmitted to a cavity length control system (13), the piezoelectric ceramic (113) is used for controlling and locking the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity by utilizing the cavity length control system (13) according to the signal light, a temperature control system (12) is arranged on the nonlinear crystal (114), the temperature control system (12) is used for precisely controlling the temperature of the nonlinear crystal (114), so that the stability of the temperature of the nonlinear crystal (114) is improved to achieve an optimal temperature degeneracy condition, the Sagnac is positioned on a light path of the nonlinear optical fiber amplifier (11), an electric phase modulator (21) is arranged on the optical fiber amplifier, an electric phase modulator (21) is arranged on the optical fiber, the electric phase modulator is used for carrying out phase modulator (20) and is used for carrying out phase modulator (20), the output end of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer is provided with a balanced homodyne detection system, and the balanced homodyne detection system detects an optical field carrying a micro phase signal output by the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer, so that the quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope can measure the micro phase signal.
2. The quantum-enhanced fiber optic gyroscope based on a continuously variable quantum entanglement source of claim 1, wherein: the nonlinear crystal (114) has a length of 10 mm, and two end faces are respectively plated with antireflection films for 1550 nm and 775 nm light.
3. The quantum-enhanced fiber optic gyroscope based on a continuously variable quantum entanglement source according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the cavity length control system (13) comprises a phase-locked amplifier (131), a proportional-integral-derivative controller (132) and a high-voltage amplifier (133), wherein a signal input end of the phase-locked amplifier (131) is connected with a signal output end of the first detector (14), a signal input end of the proportional-integral-derivative controller (132) is connected with an error signal output end of the phase-locked amplifier (131), a signal input end of the high-voltage amplifier (133) is respectively connected with a modulation signal output end of the phase-locked amplifier (131) and a signal output end of the proportional-integral-derivative controller (132), a signal output end of the high-voltage amplifier (133) is connected with piezoelectric ceramics (113), and the piezoelectric ceramics (113) controls movement of the second concave mirror (112) according to a lock cavity signal output by the high-voltage amplifier (133) so as to lock the cavity length of an optical resonant cavity.
4. A quantum-enhanced fiber optic gyroscope based on a continuously variable quantum entanglement source according to claim 3, characterized in that: the temperature control system (12) is composed of a temperature controller, a crystal furnace, a thermistor, a thermal insulation sleeve and a Peltier element, wherein the nonlinear crystal (114) is placed in a groove of the crystal furnace made of a metal material, the thermal insulation sleeve made of the thermal insulation material is wrapped outside the crystal furnace, the thermal insulation sleeve is used for enabling the nonlinear crystal (114) to be heated uniformly and dissipating heat quickly, the purpose of accurate temperature control is achieved, a heating surface of the Peltier element is attached to the bottom of the crystal furnace, a cooling surface of the Peltier element is attached to the top of a base of Wen Taozhuang, the Peltier element is used for realizing accurate temperature control of the nonlinear crystal (114), a small hole leading to the center of the groove is formed in the end face of the crystal furnace, the thermistor is placed in the small hole, the thermistor is used for feeding back the temperature of the nonlinear crystal (114) accurately in real time, and the thermistor and the Peltier element are respectively connected with an input end and an output end of the temperature controller.
5. The quantum-enhanced fiber optic gyroscope of claim 4 based on a continuously variable quantum entanglement source, wherein: the balanced homodyne detection system comprises a fourth half-wave plate (22), a second polarization beam splitter prism (23) and a second detector (24) and a third detector (25) which are respectively arranged on the emergent light paths of the first polarization beam splitter prism (16), wherein the output light field of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer is divided into a third quantum state light field and a fourth quantum state light field through the second polarization beam splitter prism (23) after passing through the fourth half-wave plate (22), the third quantum state light field receives and detects the third quantum state light field information through the second detector (24), and the fourth quantum state light field receives and detects the fourth quantum state light field information through the third detector (25).
6. A method of using the continuously variable quantum entanglement source-based quantum enhanced fiber optic gyroscope of claim 5, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, a laser (1) emits continuous single-frequency laser with an optical communication wave band, and the continuous single-frequency laser is divided into two continuous single-frequency lasers with the wavelength of 1550 nm through a beam splitter (2);
s2, filtering and denoising a beam of continuous single-frequency laser through a first mode cleaner (3) to obtain injection light with the wavelength of 1550 nm;
s3, simultaneously, after the other beam of continuous single-frequency laser passes through the frequency multiplier (4), obtaining frequency multiplication light with the frequency twice that of the laser and the wavelength of 775 nm, and filtering and noise reduction treatment are carried out on the frequency multiplication light through the second mode cleaner (5), so as to obtain pump light with the wavelength of 775 nm;
s4, the injected light is reflected to an optical isolator (7) through a 45-degree high-reflection plane mirror (6) to control unidirectional propagation of the injected light, the optical isolator (7) outputs and then sequentially transmits the injected light to a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (11) through a first half-wave plate (8) and a 45-degree double-color plane mirror (10), and meanwhile pump light with the wavelength of 775 and nm is reflected to the non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (11) through a second half-wave plate (9) through the 45-degree double-color plane mirror (10);
s5, the temperature control system (12) ensures the temperature stability of the nonlinear crystal (114); the nonlinear crystal (114) is a nonlinear crystal adopting a class II phase matching mode; one end face of the nonlinear crystal (114) is provided with a wedge angle of 1 DEG, and the wedge angle is used for realizing the change of the optical path of an optical field in the crystal;
s6, a cavity length control system (13) controls and locks the cavity length of the optical resonant cavity;
s7, under the condition that the temperature of a nonlinear crystal (114) and the cavity length of an optical resonant cavity are stable, a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (11) generates and outputs a quantum entangled state optical field with the wavelength of 1550 nm through an optical parametric process according to pump light and injection light, and the quantum entangled state optical field enters an optical fiber Sagnac interferometer;
s8, outputting a first quantum state light field and a second quantum state light field by the quantum entangled state light field through a first polarization beam splitter prism (16), wherein the first quantum state light field enters an optical fiber ring (19) to be transmitted clockwise through a first optical fiber coupler (17), and the second quantum state light field enters the optical fiber ring (19) to be transmitted anticlockwise through a second optical fiber coupler (18);
s9, the optical fiber modulator (20) carries out phase modulation on the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer and locks and biases the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer to pi/2, and simultaneously, the rotation angular velocity of the optical fiber Sagnac interferometer is controlled by the electric rotating table (21) to obtain a micro phase signal;
s10, outputting an optical field carrying the micro phase signal through a first polarization beam splitter prism (16) to enter a balanced homodyne detection system for detection, so that the quantum enhancement type optical fiber gyroscope is used for measuring the micro phase signal, and the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope is improved.
7. The method of quantum-enhanced fiber optic gyroscope based on a continuously variable quantum entanglement source of claim 6, wherein: in step S5, a specific control method of the temperature control system (12) includes the steps of:
s5.1, transmitting the real-time temperature of the nonlinear crystal (114) to a temperature controller by the thermistor;
s5.2, the temperature controller automatically adjusts output current according to the difference value between the real-time temperature and the preset temperature;
s5.3, the Peltier element heats the crystal furnace according to the output current of the temperature controller, so that the temperature of the nonlinear crystal (114) is accurately controlled, the stability of the temperature is improved, the temperature of the nonlinear crystal (114) reaches the optimal temperature matching condition, and the wavelength movement of an entangled state light field caused by temperature change is avoided.
8. The method of quantum-enhanced fiber optic gyroscope based on a continuously variable quantum entanglement source of claim 6, wherein: in step S6, a specific method for controlling and locking the cavity length by the cavity length control system (13) comprises the following steps:
s6.1, when the injected light is transmitted through the second concave mirror (112), part of the injected light is reflected and used as signal light carrying the cavity length information of the optical resonant cavity, and the signal light is sequentially transmitted along the nonlinear crystal (114), the first concave mirror (111) and the 45-degree bicolor plane mirror (10) in opposite directions;
s6.2, outputting the signal light to a first detector (14) through an optical isolator (7) to be converted into an electric signal;
s6.3, the first detector (14) outputs an electric signal to the interior of the lock-in amplifier (131) to realize same-frequency demodulation with the local modulation signal in the mixer, and the demodulated signal is sent to the low-pass filter to obtain an error signal;
s6.4, the error signal is sent to a proportional-integral-derivative controller (132) to carry out proportional-integral-derivative control, and an error regulating signal is obtained;
s6.5, the high-voltage amplifier (133) performs mixed amplification according to the modulation signal output by the phase-locked amplifier (131) and the error regulation signal output by the proportional-integral-derivative controller (132) to obtain a lock cavity signal.
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