CN116792943A - Environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method for hot blast stove - Google Patents

Environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method for hot blast stove Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116792943A
CN116792943A CN202310751454.1A CN202310751454A CN116792943A CN 116792943 A CN116792943 A CN 116792943A CN 202310751454 A CN202310751454 A CN 202310751454A CN 116792943 A CN116792943 A CN 116792943A
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China
Prior art keywords
burning
time
temperature
hot blast
environment
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Pending
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CN202310751454.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
石培花
王燕伟
秦红波
韩记江
吴世亮
刘龙
谷秋成
薛健超
王鑫宇
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Tangshan Huitang Iot Technology Co ltd
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Tangshan Huitang Iot Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310751454.1A priority Critical patent/CN116792943A/en
Publication of CN116792943A publication Critical patent/CN116792943A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2064—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters
    • F24H9/2085—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/269—Time, e.g. hour or date
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F24H15/421—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/486—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using timers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method of a hot blast stove, which comprises the following steps: in the initial stage of burning, according to historical burning data and combining the air supply duration of the hot blast stove, realizing optimal gas quantity and air-fuel ratio, so that the vault temperature of the hot blast stove reaches a set value as soon as possible; in the dome temperature management period, optimizing and adjusting the gas quantity and the air-fuel ratio by adopting a dome temperature model to ensure that the dome temperature is stabilized in a set temperature range; in the exhaust gas temperature management period, an exhaust gas temperature model is adopted, the vault temperature is ensured, the gas quantity is regulated, and the exhaust gas temperature is reached in a specified time; in the whole burning process, environment-friendly monitoring real-time data acquired from the exhaust port of the hot blast stove is used as a control variable, and the feedback control is adopted according to the numerical value of the environment-friendly monitoring real-time data and the slope change of a curve, so that the coal gas quantity is regulated in real time in advance on the basis of controlling the coal gas quantity in stages, and the environment-friendly monitoring real-time numerical value is kept within a limited range while the automatic burning of the hot blast stove is ensured.

Description

Environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method for hot blast stove
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control of blast furnace hot blast stoves, in particular to an automatic stove burning control method of an environment-friendly hot blast stove.
Background
The blast furnace hot blast stove is an important thermal equipment for providing hot air for blast furnace production, has the problems of high energy consumption, low energy conversion efficiency and the like in use, and has higher and higher requirements on energy conservation, environmental protection and safety in the production and use processes of the blast furnace hot blast stove under the large background of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
At present, most of domestic hot blast stoves are manually operated in the combustion process control, and due to factors such as low automation level, insufficient manual experience and the like, the burning state of the hot blast stoves is unstable, and the high-efficiency environment-friendly burning is not facilitated.
In the burning process of the hot blast stove, coal gas and air are mixed in a vault and burnt at high temperature to form emissions of nitrogen oxides and the like. In actual production, environmental protection has requirements on emissions of hot blast stoves: nitrogen oxide exhaustThe upper limit of the discharge is not more than 150mg/Nm 3 . The original burning furnace system does not collect environmental protection data, does not control environmental protection emission, and can only be manually regulated and controlled after exceeding the standard environmental protection value, so that production accidents such as underburn, stop burning and the like can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing an environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method for a hot blast stove, which aims at the defects of the prior art, realizes the automatic adjustment of the gas quantity and the combustion air flow rate of the hot blast stove, stabilizes the vault temperature, avoids the overtemperature of waste gas, ensures the maximum heat storage capacity of the hot blast stove and improves the supply air temperature of the hot blast stove. In the whole burning process, environment-friendly real-time monitoring data of the smoke exhaust port are used as control input, and the gas quantity is adjusted according to the change trend of the environment-friendly data, so that the environment-friendly monitoring numerical value is controlled within a limit range, and the purpose of environment-friendly burning is achieved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention comprises the following steps:
an environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method for a hot-blast stove controls three stages of stove burning control, namely a stove burning initial stage, a vault temperature management stage and an exhaust gas temperature management stage in a staged manner, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, in an initial stage of burning, according to historical burning data and combining the air supply duration of the hot blast stove, realizing optimal gas quantity and air-fuel ratio, so that the vault temperature of the hot blast stove reaches a set value as soon as possible;
s2, in a vault temperature management period, adopting a vault temperature model based on fuzzy control to optimally adjust the gas quantity and the air-fuel ratio, so that the vault temperature is stabilized in a set temperature range;
s3, in the exhaust gas temperature management period, adopting an exhaust gas temperature model based on a quadratic polynomial, adjusting the gas quantity while guaranteeing the vault temperature, and reaching the exhaust gas temperature in a specified time;
s4, in the whole burning process, environment-friendly monitoring real-time data acquired from the exhaust port of the hot blast stove are used as control variables, feedback control is adopted according to the numerical value of the environment-friendly monitoring real-time data and the slope change of a curve, the gas quantity is regulated in real time in advance on the basis of staged control of the steps S1-S3, and the environment-friendly monitoring real-time numerical value is kept within a limited range while the automatic burning of the hot blast stove is ensured.
Further, in the staged control, the burning data in the PLC is read through OPC.
Further, in the step S2, the dome temperature model uses the deviation e of the dome temperature and the deviation change rate ec of the dome temperature as the input quantity of the fuzzy controller, and uses the air-fuel ratio adjustment increment u as the output to adjust the air-fuel ratio in real time.
Further, in the step S2, the dome temperature model adjusts the air-fuel ratio in a range of 0.6-1.1.
Further, in the step S3, the second order polynomial is: y=ax 2 +bx+c, wherein: x is the burning time, Y is the corresponding exhaust gas temperature, the real-time curve slope k of the exhaust gas is calculated by using a least square method, the residual burning time deviation is predicted according to the curve slope k, and the gas quantity is adjusted.
Further, the method predicts the residual furnace burning time deviation according to the curve slope k, adjusts the gas quantity, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-1, calculating a real-time curve slope k of the exhaust gas:
s3-2. Using the calculated curve slope k and the current exhaust gas temperature E acquired in real time i Current burning time t i Exhaust gas temperature setpoint E s And setting the time t of the burning furnace s Predicting the current residual burning time F t ：
F t ＝(E s -E i )/k
S3-3, according to the predicted current residual burning time F t Calculating the deviation time delta from the reference residual time t ：
Δ t ＝F t -(t s -t i )
S3-4. Time of deviation delta t PartitioningAnd determining the adjustment quantity of the gas quantity in different intervals by combining the furnace burning experience.
Further, in the step S4, the environmental protection monitoring real-time data is emission nitrogen oxide Nox real-time monitoring data.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the environment-friendly automatic furnace burning control method for the hot blast stove, the air-fuel ratio is adjusted according to the primary and secondary change rates of the vault temperature, so that the reasonable vault temperature is achieved and is stabilized in the fluctuation range. And adjusting the gas flow in combination with the expected temperature of the waste gas to reach the burning target at the expected time. The burning process is precisely controlled in stages, and the average air temperature is improved to realize energy saving and consumption reduction. The automatic combustion control of the hot blast stove is realized, and meanwhile, the environmental protection requirement is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a control overall flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a fuzzy controller design of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the real-time control of the environment-friendly burning furnace according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the trend of the furnace firing after the completion of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof.
The combustion control of the hot blast stove is divided into three stages: an initial combustion phase, a dome temperature management phase, and an exhaust gas temperature management phase. Wherein: the initial burning stage is based on historical burning data from the beginning of burning to the moment that the temperature of the vault reaches a set value or a maximum value, and the stage is combined with the air supply duration of the hot blast stove to find reasonable gas, air flow and air-fuel ratio, quickly burn and quickly reach the set vault temperature; the dome temperature management period starts from the end point of the initial combustion stage to the end of the whole combustion furnace, a dome temperature model is applied, the air-fuel ratio and the gas quantity are optimally regulated, the dome temperature is controlled to be stable within a design range, and therefore the heat storage capacity is ensured; the exhaust gas temperature management period is from the stabilization of the dome temperature to the end of the firing. And (3) an exhaust gas temperature model is applied, the gas quantity is regulated while the vault temperature is ensured, and the exhaust gas temperature is reached in a specified time.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an automatic stove burning control method for an environment-friendly hot blast stove, which is used for controlling three stages of combustion control of the hot blast stove, namely a stove burning initial stage, a vault temperature management stage and an exhaust gas temperature management stage in a staged manner, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, in the initial stage of burning, according to historical burning data and by combining the air supply duration of the hot blast stove, the optimal gas quantity and the optimal air-fuel ratio are realized, so that the vault temperature of the hot blast stove reaches a set vault temperature value as soon as possible.
In the staged control, the burning data in the PLC is read through OPC, and the burning data comprises state marks of all hot blast stoves, gas quantity, combustion air flow rate, gas pressure, gas valve position, air-fuel ratio, burning time, air supply temperature, vault temperature, waste gas temperature and residual oxygen quantity.
S2, in the dome temperature management period, a dome temperature model based on fuzzy control is adopted to optimally adjust the gas quantity and the air-fuel ratio, so that the dome temperature is stabilized in a set temperature range.
In step S2, the dome temperature model uses the deviation e of the dome temperature and the deviation change rate ec of the dome temperature as input amounts of the fuzzy controller, and uses the air-fuel ratio adjustment increment u as output to adjust the air-fuel ratio in real time. And the dome temperature model adjusts the air-fuel ratio in the range of 0.6-1.1.
The vault temperature model is mainly based on fuzzy control, and a fuzzy controller is designed. Setting the basic argument of the fuzzy variable e as [ -20,20], quantizing into 7 grades { -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3}, quantizing factor: ke=n/e=0.15; setting the basic argument of the fuzzy variable ec to be [ -1,1], quantizing to 7 grades { -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3}, quantizing factor: kec =n/ec=3; the fuzzy argument of the output fuzzy variable u is [ -0.3,0.3], quantized to 13 levels { -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6}, quantization factor: ku=u/n=0.05; setting a language value set of the fuzzy variable; the language value set of the input fuzzy variable e, ec is set as follows: positive Large (PL), median (PM), positive Small (PS), zero (ZO), negative Small (NS), negative Median (NM), negative Large (NL), the language set of the output blur variable u is set as: rapid increase (PL), medium speed increase (PM), low speed increase (PS), constant (ZO), low speed decrease (NS), medium speed decrease (NM), high speed decrease (NL).
The design principle of the control rule of the fuzzy controller is as follows: when the error is large, the control amount should reduce the error as quickly as possible: when the error is small, not only the error is eliminated, but also the stability of the system is considered, and the unnecessary overshoot and oscillation are avoided.
The fuzzy control rule table is as follows:
s3, in the exhaust gas temperature management period, an exhaust gas temperature model based on a quadratic polynomial is adopted, the vault temperature is ensured, the gas quantity is regulated, and the exhaust gas temperature is reached in a specified time.
In step S3, the quadratic polynomial is: y=ax 2 +bx+c, wherein: x is the burning time, Y is the corresponding exhaust gas temperature, the real-time curve slope k of the exhaust gas is calculated by using a least square method, the residual burning time deviation is predicted according to the curve slope k, and the gas quantity is adjusted.
Predicting the residual furnace burning time deviation according to the curve slope k, and adjusting the gas quantity, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-1, calculating a real-time curve slope k of the exhaust gas:
s3-2. Using the calculated curve slope k and the current exhaust gas temperature E acquired in real time i Current burning time t i Exhaust gas temperature setpoint E s And setting the time of the burning furnacet s Predicting the current residual burning time F t ：
F t ＝(E s -E i )/k
S3-3, according to the predicted current residual burning time F t Calculating the deviation time delta from the reference residual time t ：
Δ t ＝F t -(t s -t i )
S3-4. Time of deviation delta t Different intervals are divided, and the adjustment amount of the gas amount is determined by combining the furnace burning experience.
S4, in the whole burning process, environment-friendly monitoring real-time data acquired from the exhaust port of the hot blast stove are used as control variables, feedback control is adopted according to the numerical value of the environment-friendly monitoring real-time data and curve slope change, the gas quantity is regulated in real time in advance on the basis of staged control of the gas quantity in the steps S1-S3, the automatic burning of the hot blast stove is ensured, and meanwhile, the environment-friendly monitoring real-time numerical value is kept within a limited range (less than an environment-friendly limiting value (150 mg/Nm 3 ))。
In step S4, the environmental monitoring real-time data is emission nitrogen oxide Nox real-time monitoring data. In the whole furnace burning process, environment-friendly nitrogen oxide NOx detection data are used as variable input, and according to real-time numerical change and trend of rising trend, feedback control is adopted to adjust the gas quantity in real time, so that the emission port NOx data are ensured not to exceed the standard.
The gas set value calculated in the program is calculated by the furnace burning model in different stages.
Parameter setting:
the upper limit value of the NOx is set according to the environmental protection requirement. The coal gas down-regulating set value is set by operators according to experience, and is adjusted according to working conditions, so that an optimal value is found.
The Nox real-time data is read from the environmental protection system in real time and written into the hot blast stove burning system as a control variable.
The Nox curve slope calculation method is the same as the exhaust curve slope k.
The vault temperature in the furnace burning process is stabilized in the set temperature fluctuation range, when the environmental protection NOx value is increased, the system automatically adjusts the gas quantity, the NOx is controlled within a limit value (140), and the exhaust gas temperature reaches a set value when the furnace burning is finished.
The blast furnace hot blast stove of the Tangshan iron and steel group Limited liability company where the applicant is located is put into matched desulfurization and dust removal environment-friendly equipment, and SO (sulfur dioxide) with monitored discharge port in an environment-friendly system 2 And the particle value is far lower than the environmental protection index, and only the NOx value of the nitrogen oxides is higher, so that the control is needed in the whole process of burning the furnace, and the particle value is lower than the environmental protection limit value.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. The automatic stove burning control method for the environment-friendly hot blast stove is characterized by controlling three stages of stove burning control, namely a stove burning initial stage, a vault temperature management stage and an exhaust gas temperature management stage, in a staged manner, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, in an initial stage of burning, according to historical burning data and combining the air supply duration of the hot blast stove, realizing optimal gas quantity and air-fuel ratio, so that the vault temperature of the hot blast stove reaches a set value as soon as possible;
s2, in a vault temperature management period, adopting a vault temperature model based on fuzzy control to optimally adjust the gas quantity and the air-fuel ratio, so that the vault temperature is stabilized in a set temperature range;
s3, in the exhaust gas temperature management period, adopting an exhaust gas temperature model based on a quadratic polynomial, adjusting the gas quantity while guaranteeing the vault temperature, and reaching the exhaust gas temperature in a specified time;
s4, in the whole burning process, environment-friendly monitoring real-time data acquired from the exhaust port of the hot blast stove are used as control variables, feedback control is adopted according to the numerical value of the environment-friendly monitoring real-time data and the slope change of a curve, the gas quantity is regulated in real time in advance on the basis of staged control of the steps S1-S3, and the environment-friendly monitoring real-time numerical value is kept within a limited range while the automatic burning of the hot blast stove is ensured.
2. The automatic stove burning control method for the environment-friendly hot blast stove according to claim 1, wherein in the staged control, the burning data in the PLC is read through OPC.
3. The method for controlling the automatic combustion of the hot blast stove for environmental protection according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the dome temperature model adopts a deviation e of the dome temperature and a deviation change rate ec of the dome temperature as input values of the fuzzy controller, and uses an air-fuel ratio adjustment increment u as output to adjust the air-fuel ratio in real time.
4. An automatic stove firing control method for an environment-friendly hot blast stove according to claim 3, wherein in the step S2, the dome temperature model adjusts the air-fuel ratio in the range of 0.6-1.1.
5. The method for controlling the automatic stove burning of the hot blast stove facing to the environment protection according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the quadratic polynomial is: y=ax 2 +bx+c, wherein: x is the burning time, Y is the corresponding exhaust gas temperature, the real-time curve slope k of the exhaust gas is calculated by using a least square method, the residual burning time deviation is predicted according to the curve slope k, and the gas quantity is adjusted.
6. The automatic stove burning control method for the environment-friendly hot blast stove according to claim 5, wherein the residual stove burning time deviation is predicted according to a curve slope k, and the gas amount is adjusted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s3-1, calculating a real-time curve slope k of the exhaust gas:
s3-2. Utilization meterCalculated curve slope k and current exhaust gas temperature E acquired in real time i Current burning time t i Exhaust gas temperature setpoint E s And setting the time t of the burning furnace s Predicting the current residual burning time F t ：
F t ＝(E s -E i )/k
S3-3, according to the predicted current residual burning time F t Calculating the deviation time delta from the reference residual time t ：
Δ t ＝F t -(t s -t i )
S3-4. Time of deviation delta t Different intervals are divided, and the adjustment amount of the gas amount is determined by combining the furnace burning experience.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the environmental protection monitoring real-time data is emission nitrogen oxide Nox real-time monitoring data.
CN202310751454.1A 2023-06-25 2023-06-25 Environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method for hot blast stove Pending CN116792943A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310751454.1A CN116792943A (en) 2023-06-25 2023-06-25 Environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method for hot blast stove

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310751454.1A CN116792943A (en) 2023-06-25 2023-06-25 Environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method for hot blast stove

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116792943A true CN116792943A (en) 2023-09-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310751454.1A Pending CN116792943A (en) 2023-06-25 2023-06-25 Environment-friendly automatic stove burning control method for hot blast stove

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116792943A (en)

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