CN116792024A - Full-section drilling environment simulation experiment equipment and method for reverse well drilling machine - Google Patents
Full-section drilling environment simulation experiment equipment and method for reverse well drilling machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN116792024A CN116792024A CN202310775490.1A CN202310775490A CN116792024A CN 116792024 A CN116792024 A CN 116792024A CN 202310775490 A CN202310775490 A CN 202310775490A CN 116792024 A CN116792024 A CN 116792024A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B12/00—Accessories for drilling tools
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
- E21B19/086—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods with a fluid-actuated cylinder
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/12—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using drilling pipes with plural fluid passages, e.g. closed circulation systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
- E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/005—Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides full section drilling environment simulation experiment equipment of a reverse well drilling machine, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a base, a simulated rock block, a high-pressure sealing seat and an experimental drilling machine; wherein the bottom of the base is fixed on the ground; the simulated rock blocks are arranged in the base; the bottom of the high-pressure sealing seat is communicated with the top of the base in a sealing way, and the top of the high-pressure sealing seat is connected with the experimental drilling machine in a dynamic sealing wayA high-pressure cavity is formed in the high-pressure sealing seat; the invention also provides a full section drilling environment simulation experiment method of the reverse well drilling machine, which comprises the following steps: s1, extracting rock hardness data of an actual drilling area; s2, manufacturing a simulated rock block; s3, setting drilling parameters of an experimental drilling machine; s4, sequentially completing each drilling; s5, obtaining the optimal drilling speed V which is best matched with the actual drilling working condition o Optimal hob wear delta o And an optimum thrust f corresponding thereto o Optimum rotation torque T o And critical drilling depth H for well wall maintenance o 。
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of well drilling simulation of a well reversing drill, in particular to full-section well drilling environment simulation experiment equipment and an experiment method of the well reversing drill.
Background
With the development of national industrial technology and the increase of energy demand in recent years, various projects and mine construction require a large amount of shaft construction. Because the geological condition of the construction area where the shaft is constructed is complex, the technical difficulty of shaft construction is increased, and the performance requirement on drilling equipment is also greatly improved. In the prior art, a well reversing drill is used as one of main stream drilling equipment for shaft construction, in the construction process, construction parameters are required to be determined according to the hardness of rock, the parameters of a shaft and the use condition of a hob, and due to the lack of related simulation equipment, the construction parameters and the condition of a well wall cannot be prejudged in advance, and construction is required to be performed while analysis is performed; particularly, in construction, the pressure of the well flushing liquid is increased along with the increase of the drilling depth, so that the well wall is influenced, and when the well wall is damaged by the well flushing liquid pressure and needs maintenance, the well wall can be only analyzed and maintained while construction is performed because the well wall cannot be prejudged, so that the construction efficiency of shaft construction is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to provide a full-section drilling environment simulation experiment device and an experiment method for a back-well drilling machine, which can simulate the drilling condition of the back-well drilling machine.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a full section drilling environment simulation experiment apparatus of a back-to-back well drilling machine, comprising: the device comprises a base, a simulated rock block, a high-pressure sealing seat and an experimental drilling machine;
wherein, the base is cylindrical, and the bottom of the base is fixed on the ground; the simulated rock blocks are arranged in the base (the shape of the simulated rock blocks is matched with the inner cavity of the base, and the description is given); the high-pressure sealing seat is hollow without bottom, the bottom of the high-pressure sealing seat is communicated with the top of the base through a flange in a sealing way, a top cover is arranged at the top of the high-pressure sealing seat and is in dynamic sealing connection with the experimental drilling machine, and a high-pressure cavity is formed in the high-pressure sealing seat;
an experimental rig comprising: the drilling rig comprises a drilling frame, a drilling rig main machine, a control center, a hydraulic control mechanism, a well flushing liquid supply mechanism, a slag receiving mechanism and a monitoring mechanism;
wherein, the bottom of the drilling frame is fixedly connected with the top cover of the high-pressure sealing seat; a drill host comprising: the device comprises a thrust oil cylinder, a power head box body, a power head main shaft, a drill rod and a drill bit;
the power head box body and the drill frame are connected up and down in a sliding way (a sliding rail is arranged, and the specification is described); the power head is fixed in the center of the power head box body; cylinder barrels of the thrust oil cylinders are symmetrically fixed on the periphery of the power head box body respectively, piston rod ends of the thrust oil cylinders are symmetrically fixed on the periphery of the bottom of the drill frame respectively, and the thrust oil cylinders drive the power head box body and the power head to slide up and down along the drill frame; the power head main shaft is arranged in the power head, and the inside of the power head main shaft is hollow; the drill rod is sleeved on the main shaft of the power head; the power head main shaft rotates and axially moves under the drive of the power head, and simultaneously drives the drill rod to rotate and axially move; a drill pipe, comprising: a middle layer drill rod and an inner layer drill rod; the upper end of the middle drill rod is connected with the main shaft of the power head, and the lower end of the middle drill rod is connected with the drill bit and used for transmitting the weight on bit and the rotation torque; the inner layer drill rod is sleeved inside the power head main shaft and the middle layer drill rod, a space is reserved between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod and the inner wall of the power head main shaft and between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod and the inner wall of the middle layer drill rod, so that a liquid inlet channel is formed between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod and the inner wall of the power head main shaft and between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod and the inner wall of the middle layer drill rod, a well flushing liquid inlet is formed at the upper end of the liquid inlet channel, the lower end of the well flushing liquid channel is communicated with a drill bit, the well flushing liquid inlet is communicated with a well flushing liquid supply mechanism through a pipeline, high-pressure well flushing liquid is sent to the drill bit, and a well flushing liquid outlet is formed on the drill bit; the inner layer drill rod is hollow to form a liquid return channel; the upper part of the inner layer drill rod is fixedly connected with the power head box body, the lower end of the inner layer drill rod penetrates through the drill bit and stretches into the high-pressure cavity to form a slag discharging inlet after the high-pressure well flushing liquid washes the well wall, the upper end of the inner layer drill rod is provided with a slag discharging outlet, the slag discharging outlet is communicated with the inlet of the slag receiving mechanism through a pipeline, and the high-pressure well flushing liquid after washing the well wall is sent to the slag receiving mechanism;
a monitoring mechanism comprising: the device comprises a first strain gauge type pressure sensor, a second strain gauge type pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, a rotary encoder and a plurality of pressure sensors; the first strain gauge type pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting surface of the drill rod and the drill bit connecting seat and is used for measuring the weight on bit so as to monitor the thrust of the thrust oil cylinder; the second strain gauge type pressure sensor is arranged on the outer circumference of the connecting seat of the drill rod and the drill bit and is used for measuring the rotation torque; the displacement sensor is arranged on the thrust oil cylinder and used for measuring the drilling speed; the rotary encoder is arranged on the power head and is used for measuring the rotating speed provided by the power head so as to obtain the rotating speed of the drill bit; the pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the experimental drilling hole in the simulated rock block and are used for measuring the well wall pressure-bearing data;
the control center is respectively in communication connection with the hydraulic control mechanism, the well flushing liquid supply mechanism, the first strain gauge type pressure sensor, the second strain gauge type pressure sensor, the displacement sensor, the rotary encoder and the plurality of pressure sensors; the hydraulic control mechanism is respectively connected with the thrust oil cylinder and the power head and supplies liquid to the thrust oil cylinder and the power head.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided a full section drilling environment simulation experiment method of a reverse well drilling machine, comprising the following steps:
s1, extracting rock hardness data of an actual drilling area;
s2, manufacturing a simulated rock block, and uniformly arranging a plurality of pressure sensors on the circumference of an experimental drilling hole in the simulated rock block;
s3, setting drilling parameters of an experimental drilling machine;
the drilling parameters include: single drilling depth h, total number of drilling experiments n, drilling speed Vm, drill bit rotating speed Sm, thrust force fm, rotating torque Tm and high-pressure well flushing hydraulic pressure value Pm for flushing drilling slag during each drilling, wherein m is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
s4, sequentially completing each drilling, measuring the abrasion loss delta m of the hob, wherein m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n after each experimental drilling is completed, acquiring well wall pressure data P measured by all pressure sensors, further acquiring the maximum value P (max) in the well wall pressure data, and judging whether P (max) is more than or equal to Pm 80%; when P (max) is more than or equal to 80% of Pm in the first measurement, determining Pm as a critical pressure value; the actual drilling depth Hm corresponding to Pm is the critical drilling depth Ho for well wall maintenance;
and S5, after all drilling experiments are completed, obtaining the best drilling speed Vo and the best hob abrasion delta o which are best matched with the actual drilling working conditions, and the best thrust fo and the best rotation torque To which correspond To the best drilling speed Vo and the best hob abrasion delta o and the well wall maintenance critical drilling depth Ho.
According to the full-section drilling environment simulation experiment equipment and the experiment method for the reverse well drilling machine, the base, the high-pressure sealing seat and the experiment drilling machine in dynamic sealing connection with the high-pressure sealing seat are arranged, the simulated rock block matched with the hardness data of the actual drilling area is arranged in the base, and the liquid return channel is arranged in the drill rod, so that simulation of the actual drilling working condition is realized; the method comprises the steps of measuring the bit pressure through an experimental simulation process of actual drilling working conditions, measuring the rotary torque through a first strain gauge type pressure sensor in a monitoring mechanism, measuring the drilling speed through a displacement sensor, and measuring the rotating speed of a drill bit through a rotary encoder, so that the optimal drilling speed and the optimal hob abrasion quantity matched with the actual working conditions, and the optimal thrust and the optimal rotary torque corresponding to the optimal drilling speed and the optimal hob abrasion quantity can be obtained; further, through a plurality of pressure sensors arranged in the simulated rock, the pressure data of the well wall under the flushing of the high-pressure well flushing liquid is monitored, parameters are provided for whether the well wall is damaged, and data support is provided for whether the well wall needs maintenance and where to start maintenance in the actual drilling working condition; compared with the prior art, the method and the device realize simulation of construction conditions and prejudgment of construction parameters when the well bore is constructed by using the well reversing drilling machine, and improve construction efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view at a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention (the base and simulated rock are not shown).
In the figure: a base 1; simulating a rock block 2; a high-pressure seal seat 3; a flange 30; a top cover 31; a high pressure chamber 32; a seal assembly 33; a drill stand 40; a slide rail 400; a drill main unit 41; thrust cylinder 410; a power head housing 411; a power head 412; a hydraulic motor 4120; a drive gear set 4121; a power head spindle 413; a drill pipe 414; an inner drill pipe 4140; middle layer drill pipe 4141; an outer drill pipe 4142; a drill bit 415; a cutter head 4150; hob 4151; a liquid inlet channel 4160; a liquid return passage 4161; a well-flushing fluid inlet 4162; a well-flushing fluid outlet 4163; a slag discharge inlet 4164; a slag discharge outlet 4165; a control center 42; a hydraulic control mechanism 43; a flushing fluid supply mechanism 44; a slag receiving mechanism 45; a first strain gage pressure sensor 460; a second strain gauge pressure sensor 461; a pressure sensor 463; a wireless transmission module 464; the connection base 465.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and technical effects of the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-3, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a full section drilling environment simulation experiment apparatus for a back-to-back drilling machine is provided, comprising: the device comprises a base 1, a simulated rock block 2, a high-pressure sealing seat 3 and an experimental drilling machine;
wherein, the base 1 is cylindrical, and the bottom of the base 1 is fixed on the ground; the simulated rock block 2 is arranged in the base 1, and the shape of the simulated rock block 2 is matched with the inner cavity of the base 1; the high-pressure sealing seat 3 is hollow without bottom, the bottom of the high-pressure sealing seat 3 is communicated with the top of the base 1 in a sealing way through a flange 30, a top cover 31 is arranged at the top of the high-pressure sealing seat 3, the top cover 31 is in dynamic sealing connection with the experimental drilling machine, and a high-pressure cavity 32 is formed in the high-pressure sealing seat 3;
an experimental rig comprising: the drilling rig comprises a drilling frame 40, a drilling machine main machine 41, a control center 42, a hydraulic control mechanism 43, a well flushing liquid supply mechanism 44, a slag receiving mechanism 45 and a monitoring mechanism;
wherein, the bottom of the drill carriage 40 is fixedly connected with the top cover of the high-pressure sealing seat 3; a drill master 41 comprising: thrust cylinder 410, power head box 411, power head 412, power head spindle 413, drill pipe 414 and drill bit 415;
the drill carriage 40 is provided with a slide rail 400, a power head box 411 is sleeved on the slide rail 400, and the power head box 411 is connected with the drill carriage 40 in an up-down sliding manner; the power head 412 is fixed in the center of the power head box 411; cylinder barrels of the thrust oil cylinders 410 are symmetrically fixed on the periphery of the power head box 411 respectively, piston rod ends of the thrust oil cylinders 410 are symmetrically fixed on the periphery of the bottom of the drill carriage 40 respectively, and the thrust oil cylinders 410 drive the power head box 411 and the power head 412 to slide up and down along the drill carriage 40; the power head main shaft 413 is arranged in the power head 412, and the inside of the power head main shaft 413 is hollow; the drill rod 414 is sleeved on the power head main shaft 413; the power head main shaft 413 rotates and axially moves under the drive of the power head 412, and simultaneously drives the drill rod 414 to rotate and axially move; a drill pipe 414, comprising: middle layer drill pipe 4141 and inner layer drill pipe 4140; the upper end of the middle drill rod 4141 is connected with the power head main shaft 413, and the lower end of the middle drill rod 4141 is connected with the drill bit 415 for transmitting weight on bit and rotation torque; the inner layer drill rod 4140 is sleeved in the power head main shaft 413 and the middle layer drill rod 4141, a space is reserved between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod 4140 and the inner wall of the power head main shaft 413 and between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod 4140 and the inner wall of the middle layer drill rod 4141, a liquid inlet 4160 is formed between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod 4140 and the inner wall of the power head main shaft 413 and between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod 4141 and the inner wall of the middle layer drill rod 4141, a well flushing liquid inlet 4162 is formed at the upper end of the liquid inlet 4160, the lower end of the liquid inlet 4160 is communicated with the drill bit 415, the well flushing liquid inlet 4160 is communicated with the well flushing liquid supply mechanism 44 through a pipeline, and high-pressure well flushing liquid is sent to the drill bit 415; the inner layer drill rod 4140 is hollow to form a liquid return channel 4161; the upper part of the inner layer drill rod 4140 is fixedly connected with the power head box 411, the lower end of the inner layer drill rod 4140 penetrates through the drill bit 415 and stretches into the high-pressure cavity 32 to form a slag discharging inlet 4164 for high-pressure well flushing liquid after flushing the well wall, a slag discharging outlet 4165 is arranged at the upper end of the inner layer drill rod 4140, the slag discharging outlet 4165 is communicated with the inlet of the slag receiving mechanism 45 through a pipeline, and the high-pressure well flushing liquid after flushing the well wall is sent to the slag receiving mechanism 45;
because the upper part of the inner layer drill rod 4140 is fixedly connected with the power head box 411, when the middle layer drill rod 4141 rotates under the drive of the power head main shaft 413, the inner layer drill rod 4140 is kept fixed;
a monitoring mechanism comprising: a first strain gage pressure sensor 460, a second strain gage pressure sensor 461, a displacement sensor (not shown), a rotary encoder (not shown), and a plurality of pressure sensors 463; the first strain gauge pressure sensor 460 is disposed on a connection surface of the drill bit 415 and the connection seat 465 of the drill rod 414, and is used for measuring a weight on bit so as to monitor a thrust of the thrust cylinder 410; the second strain gauge type pressure sensor 461 is arranged on the outer circumference of the connecting seat 465 of the drill bit 415 and the drill rod 414 and is used for measuring the rotation torque; the displacement sensor is arranged on the thrust cylinder 410 and is used for measuring the drilling speed; the rotary encoder is disposed on the power head 412 and is used for measuring the rotation speed provided by the power head to obtain the rotation speed of the drill bit; a plurality of pressure sensors 463 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of an experimental drilling hole in the simulated rock block and are used for measuring pressure-bearing data of a well wall, and the distance between the pressure sensors 463 and the well wall of the experimental drilling hole is 10-15mm;
since the weight on bit 415 is related to the thrust of thrust cylinder 410, the thrust of thrust cylinder 410 is monitored by measuring the weight on bit; since the rotational speed of the drill bit 415 is related to the rotational power provided by the power head 412, by providing a rotary encoder on the power head 412, the rotational speed of the drill bit is obtained by measuring the rotational speed provided by the power head;
the control center 42 is respectively in communication connection with the hydraulic control mechanism 43, the flushing fluid supply mechanism 44, the first strain gauge type pressure sensor 460, the second strain gauge type pressure sensor 461, the displacement sensor, the rotary encoder and the plurality of pressure sensors 463; the hydraulic control mechanism 43 is respectively connected with the thrust cylinder 410 and the power head 412 and supplies liquid to the thrust cylinder 410 and the power head 412; the flushing fluid supply mechanism 44 includes a pressurizing assembly (not shown) for pressurizing the flushing fluid.
In this embodiment, the high-pressure sealing seat 3, the base 1 installed below, and the top cover 31 above form a high-pressure cavity 32, a dynamic seal is formed between the top cover 31 and the drill rod 414, the drill rod 414 is driven by the main shaft 413 of the power head to rotate and axially move, meanwhile, an operator controls the well-flushing liquid supply mechanism 44 through the control center 42 to supply high-pressure well-flushing liquid to the experimental drilling machine, the high-pressure well-flushing liquid enters the liquid inlet channel 4160 through the well-flushing liquid inlet 4162 and enters the high-pressure cavity 32 through the well-flushing liquid outlet, and drill residues are washed in cooperation with drilling of the drill bit 415; after the high-pressure well-flushing liquid washes the drilling slag, the drilling slag enters the liquid return channel 4161 through the slag discharge inlet 4164 and finally is discharged into the slag receiving mechanism 45 through the slag discharge outlet 4165, so that the simulation of the working environment of the drill bit 415 in the high-pressure well-flushing liquid is realized.
In the present embodiment, since the height of the simulated rock mass 2 cannot be matched with the well depth in the actual drilling condition, the pressurizing means is provided to the well-flushing liquid supply mechanism 44 to pressurize the well-flushing liquid, so that the pressure of the well-flushing liquid due to the well depth in the actual drilling condition is simulated on the one hand, and on the other hand, the well-flushing liquid is pressurized to enable the well-flushing liquid to enter the liquid return passage 4161 from the slag discharge inlet 4164 and further to be discharged from the slag discharge outlet 4165 due to the applied pressure.
Further, referring to fig. 1, in order to improve the utilization rate of the well-flushing liquid and save resources, a filtering module (not shown in the figure) is disposed in the slag receiving mechanism 45, an outlet of the slag receiving mechanism 45 is communicated with the well-flushing liquid supply mechanism 44, and the slag receiving mechanism 45 filters the high-pressure well-flushing liquid after flushing the well wall through the filtering module and then sends the high-pressure well-flushing liquid to the well-flushing liquid supply mechanism 44 for recycling.
Further, referring to fig. 1-2, in order to improve the safety and accuracy of data transmission and avoid the influence of experimental conditions on the data transmission, the drill rod further includes an outer drill rod 4142, the outer drill rod 4142 is sleeved outside the middle drill rod 4141, and a space is left between the inner wall of the outer drill rod 4142 and the outer wall of the middle drill rod 4141, so that an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the outer drill rod 4142 and the outer wall of the middle drill rod 4141 for setting a connecting line of the monitoring mechanism;
the monitoring mechanism further comprises: the wireless transmission module 464 is arranged at the upper outer side of the outer drill rod 4142; the input end of the wireless transmission module 464 is respectively in communication connection with the first strain gauge type pressure sensor 460 and the second strain gauge type pressure sensor 461 through connecting wires, and the output end of the wireless transmission module 464 is in wireless communication connection with the control center 42; the wireless transmission module 464 transmits the weight-on-bit received from the first strain gauge pressure sensor 460 and the rotational torque received from the second strain gauge pressure sensor 461 to the control center 42 by wireless transmission; the connecting wire is arranged in an annular cavity formed between the inner wall of the outer layer drill rod 4142 and the outer wall of the middle layer drill rod 4141 so as to ensure the quality of signal transmission; the displacement sensor is a wireless displacement sensor; the rotary encoder is a wireless encoding sensor; the pressure sensor 463 is a wireless pressure sensor; the displacement sensor, the rotary encoder and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the control center 42 in a wireless communication manner;
through setting up outer drilling rod 4142, form annular cavity between the inner wall of outer drilling rod 4142 and the outer wall of middle level drilling rod 4141, make monitoring facilities's from drill bit 415 to wireless transmission module 464's connecting wire can be transmitted through this annular cavity, avoided the well-flushing liquid to carry data's influence, ensured data transmission's accuracy and security.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the drill bit 415 includes a cutter head 4150 and a hob 4151; the liquid inlet channel 4160 is connected with a cutter disc 4150, and a well-flushing liquid outlet 4163 is formed in the lower end surface of the cutter disc 4150.
Further, referring to fig. 3, a seal assembly 33 is disposed on the top cover 31, and the drill pipe 414 is dynamically sealed by the seal assembly 33 and the high-pressure seal seat 3.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the power head 412 includes: a hydraulic motor 4120 and a drive gear set 4121; the input end of the transmission gear set 4121 is connected with the output end of the hydraulic motor 4120, and the output end of the transmission gear set 4121 is connected with the power head main shaft 413; the hydraulic motor 4120 transmits power to the power head spindle 413 through the transmission gear set 4121, and drives the power head spindle 413 and the middle drill rod 4141 connected with the power head spindle 413 to rotate, thereby driving the drill bit 415 to rotate.
Further, the rotary encoder is disposed on the hydraulic motor 4120 of the power head 412.
The full section drilling environment simulation experiment equipment of the reverse well drilling machine provided by the specific embodiment has the following working principle and process:
firstly, an operator sets a simulated rock block 2 in a base 1;
secondly, an operator controls the hydraulic control mechanism 43 to supply liquid to the thrust oil cylinder 410 and the hydraulic motor 4120 through the control center 42, the thrust oil cylinder 410 drives the power head box 411 to further drive the power head 412 and the power head main shaft 413 to axially move, and meanwhile, the hydraulic motor 4120 transmits rotation torque to the power head main shaft 413 through the transmission gear set 4121, and the power head main shaft 413 rotates; the drill rod 414 drives the drill bit 415 to rotate and axially move under the driving of the power head main shaft 413 so as to simulate the drilling operation of an actual drilling machine;
then, when the drill bit 415 drills, an operator controls the well flushing liquid mechanism 44 through the control center 42 to supply high-pressure well flushing liquid, the high-pressure well flushing liquid enters a liquid inlet channel 4160 between the outer wall of the inner drill rod 4140 and the inner wall of the middle drill rod 4141 and the inner wall of the power head main shaft 413 through a well flushing liquid inlet 4162, enters a high-pressure cavity through a well flushing liquid outlet 4163, washes drilling slag in the high-pressure cavity 32 in cooperation with drilling of the drill bit 415, enters a liquid return channel 4161 in the inner drill rod 4140 through a slag discharge inlet 4164, and finally is discharged into the slag receiving mechanism 45 through a slag discharge outlet 4165;
finally, after entering the slag receiving mechanism 45, the well-flushing liquid with the drilling slag is filtered by the filtering module and then enters the well-flushing liquid supply mechanism 44 again for recycling.
During the drilling process of the drill bit, an operator sets the liquid supply of the thrust oil cylinder 410 and the hydraulic motor 4120 through the control center 42, and simultaneously monitors the thrust and the rotation torque through the first strain gauge type pressure sensor 460 and the second strain gauge type pressure sensor 461 set by the monitoring mechanism respectively so as to realize the control of the thrust and the rotation torque during the drilling of the drill bit 415; meanwhile, because the thrust force is related to the drilling speed, the rotation torque is related to the rotation speed of the drill bit, the control center 42 monitors the drilling speed and the drilling speed of the drill bit respectively through the displacement sensor and the rotary encoder of the monitoring mechanism so as to better regulate and control the liquid supply of the thrust oil cylinder 410 and the hydraulic motor 4120.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the full-section drilling environment simulation experiment apparatus for the reverse well drilling machine further provides a full-section drilling environment simulation experiment method for the reverse well drilling machine, which includes the following steps:
s1, extracting rock hardness data of an actual drilling area;
s2, manufacturing a simulated rock block 2, and uniformly arranging a plurality of pressure sensors 463 in the simulated rock block 2 along the circumference of an experimental drilling hole; the simulated rock block 2 is matched with rock hardness data of an actual drilling zone;
s3, setting drilling parameters of an experimental drilling machine;
the drilling parameters include: single drilling depth h, total number of drilling experiments n, drilling speed Vm, drill bit rotating speed Sm, thrust force fm, rotating torque Tm and high-pressure well flushing hydraulic pressure value Pm for flushing drilling slag during each drilling, wherein m is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
s4, sequentially completing each drilling, measuring the abrasion loss delta m of the hob, wherein m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n after each experimental drilling is completed, acquiring well wall pressure data P measured by all pressure sensors, further acquiring the maximum value P (max) in the well wall pressure data, and judging whether P (max) is more than or equal to Pm 80%; when P (max) is more than or equal to 80% of Pm in the first measurement, determining Pm as a critical pressure value; the actual drilling depth Hm corresponding to Pm is the critical drilling depth Ho for well wall maintenance;
and S5, after all drilling experiments are completed, obtaining the best drilling speed Vo and the best hob abrasion delta o which are best matched with the actual drilling working conditions, and the best thrust fo and the best rotation torque To which correspond To the best drilling speed Vo and the best hob abrasion delta o and the well wall maintenance critical drilling depth Ho.
In actual drilling operation, the hob abrasion loss reaches 5mm, the operation is needed to be suspended, the hob is replaced, when the hob is replaced, the drill rod is required to be removed first, the process is complicated, more time and labor are required to be consumed, and therefore, in the construction process, in order to obtain the fastest construction speed, the best drilling speed and the best hob abrasion loss, the hob is required to be replaced as little as possible, and the hob is required to be judged according to the comprehensive principle that the drilling speed and the corresponding hob abrasion loss are matched. The total number of the hob abrasion in the actual drilling can be obtained according to the hob abrasion in the drilling experiment and the actual drilling depth, and the number of times of hob replacement in the actual drilling operation can be obtained according to the total number of hob abrasion.
The well wall is maintained at a drilling depth below the critical drilling depth.
Further, in the step S2, the pressure sensor is 10-15mm away from the wall of the experimental borehole.
Further, in step S3, the setting steps of the drilling parameters are as follows:
s31, setting single drilling depth h of an experimental drilling machine and total drilling experiment times n according to hardness data of sampled rocks;
s32, dividing the total drilling depth H into n sections according to the total drilling experiment times n, and correspondingly setting the actual well flushing hydraulic pressure corresponding to each section of depth as the high-pressure well flushing hydraulic pressure Pm of the experimental drilling machine during each drilling;
s32, controlling the liquid control mechanism to supply liquid to the thrust oil cylinder and the power head through the control center, obtaining preset drilling speed Vm and drill bit rotating speed Sm each time, and recording corresponding thrust fm and rotating torque Tm.
Further, in the step S31, if the hardness of the sampled rock is greater than or equal to 40Mpa, the single drill depth h is set to be 100mm, and if the hardness of the sampled rock is less than 40Mpa, the single drill depth h is set to be 200mm; setting the total drilling amount to be 10-15 times.
The advantageous effects of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1, example 2
By adopting the experimental equipment for simulating the full-section drilling environment of the back-well drilling machine, and adopting the experimental method for simulating the full-section drilling environment of the back-well drilling machine, which is provided by the invention, the rock hardness of an actual drilling area is 150Mpa, the total depth of the actual drilling is 100m, in the simulation experiment, the hardness of a simulated rock block is set to be 150Mpa, the single drilling depth h is 100mm, the total number of drilling experiments n is 10, the drilling parameter thrust, the drilling speed, the bit rotating speed, the rotating torque, the hob abrasion amount after each drilling and the corresponding hob replacement number in the actual drilling are detailed in table 1, the total depth of the actual drilling is divided into 10 sections, the high-pressure well flushing hydraulic pressure corresponding to each section depth, and the maximum value P (max) of the well wall pressure data measured by a pressure sensor are detailed in table 2; in example 2, the rock hardness of the actual drilling zone is 35Mpa, the total actual drilling depth is 200m, the hardness of the simulated rock block is 35Mpa, the single drilling depth is 200mm, the total drilling experiment number n is 10, the drilling parameter thrust, drilling speed, drill bit rotation speed, rotation torque, hob abrasion loss after each drilling, and corresponding hob replacement number in the actual drilling are shown in table 3, the total actual drilling depth is divided into 10 sections, the high pressure flushing pressure corresponding to each section depth, and the maximum value P (max) of the borehole wall pressure bearing data measured by the pressure sensor are shown in table 4.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
TABLE 4 Table 4
And obtaining the best drilling speed and the best hob abrasion loss which are best matched with the actual working conditions according to the drilling speed and the comprehensive principle of matching the corresponding hob abrasion loss.
As can be seen from the data in table 1, in example 1, the optimum drilling speed Vo is 8.1mm/min, the optimum hob abrasion amount δo is 4.9um/100mm, the corresponding optimum thrust fo is 190kN, the optimum rotation torque To is 73kn.m, and when P (max) is greater than or equal To Pm 80% for the first time, the actual drilling depth Hm corresponding To Pm is 80m, so the critical borehole depth Ho for borehole wall maintenance is 80m;
as is clear from the data in table 3, in example 2, the optimum drilling speed Vo was 10.6mm/min, the optimum hob abrasion δo was 4.8um/200m, the optimum thrust fo was 170kN, the optimum rotational torque To was 64kn.m, and the actual drilling depth Hm corresponding To Pm was 60m when P (max) > Pm 80% was measured for the first time, as is clear from table 4, so the critical drilling depth Ho for well wall maintenance was 60m.
According to the full-section drilling environment simulation experiment equipment and the experiment method for the reverse well drilling machine, the base, the high-pressure sealing seat and the experiment drilling machine in dynamic sealing connection with the high-pressure sealing seat are arranged, the simulated rock block matched with the hardness data of the actual drilling area is arranged in the base, and the liquid return channel is arranged in the drill rod, so that simulation of the actual drilling working condition is realized; the method comprises the steps of measuring the bit pressure through an experimental simulation process of actual drilling working conditions, measuring the rotary torque through a first strain gauge type pressure sensor in a monitoring mechanism, measuring the drilling speed through a displacement sensor, and measuring the rotating speed of a drill bit through a rotary encoder, so that the optimal drilling speed and the optimal hob abrasion quantity matched with the actual working conditions, and the optimal thrust and the optimal rotary torque corresponding to the optimal drilling speed and the optimal hob abrasion quantity can be obtained; further, through a plurality of pressure sensors arranged in the simulated rock, the pressure data of the well wall under the flushing of the high-pressure well flushing liquid is monitored, parameters are provided for whether the well wall is damaged, and data support is provided for whether the well wall needs maintenance and where to start maintenance in the actual drilling working condition; compared with the prior art, the method and the device realize simulation of construction conditions and prejudgment of construction parameters when the well bore is constructed by using the well reversing drilling machine, and improve construction efficiency.
The foregoing disclosure is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, as it is understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the above-described embodiments may be practiced with equivalents thereof, which fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. Full section drilling environment simulation experiment equipment of anti-well rig, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a base, a simulated rock block, a high-pressure sealing seat and an experimental drilling machine;
wherein, the base is cylindrical, and the bottom of the base is fixed on the ground; the simulated rock blocks are arranged in the base; the high-pressure sealing seat is hollow without bottom, the bottom of the high-pressure sealing seat is communicated with the top of the base through a flange in a sealing way, a top cover is arranged at the top of the high-pressure sealing seat and is in dynamic sealing connection with the experimental drilling machine, and a high-pressure cavity is formed in the high-pressure sealing seat; the top cover is provided with a sealing assembly, and the drill rod is dynamically sealed through the sealing assembly and the high-pressure sealing seat;
an experimental rig comprising: the drilling rig comprises a drilling frame, a drilling rig main machine, a control center, a hydraulic control mechanism, a well flushing liquid supply mechanism, a slag receiving mechanism and a monitoring mechanism;
wherein, the bottom of the drilling frame is fixedly connected with the top cover of the high-pressure sealing seat; a drill host comprising: the device comprises a thrust oil cylinder, a power head box body, a power head main shaft, a drill rod and a drill bit;
the power head box body is connected with the drill frame in an up-down sliding way; the power head is fixed in the center of the power head box body; cylinder barrels of the thrust oil cylinders are symmetrically fixed on the periphery of the power head box body respectively, piston rod ends of the thrust oil cylinders are symmetrically fixed on the periphery of the bottom of the drill frame respectively, and the thrust oil cylinders drive the power head box body and the power head to slide up and down along the drill frame; the power head main shaft is arranged in the power head, and the inside of the power head main shaft is hollow; the drill rod is sleeved on the main shaft of the power head; the power head main shaft rotates and axially moves under the drive of the power head, and simultaneously drives the drill rod to rotate and axially move; a drill pipe, comprising: a middle layer drill rod and an inner layer drill rod; the upper end of the middle drill rod is connected with the main shaft of the power head, and the lower end of the middle drill rod is connected with the drill bit and used for transmitting the weight on bit and the rotation torque; the inner layer drill rod is sleeved inside the power head main shaft and the middle layer drill rod, a space is reserved between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod and the inner wall of the power head main shaft and between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod and the inner wall of the middle layer drill rod, so that a liquid inlet channel is formed between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod and the inner wall of the power head main shaft and between the outer wall of the inner layer drill rod and the inner wall of the middle layer drill rod, a well flushing liquid inlet is formed in the upper end of the liquid inlet channel, the lower end of the liquid inlet channel is communicated with a drill bit, the well flushing liquid inlet is communicated with a well flushing liquid supply mechanism through a pipeline, high-pressure well flushing liquid is sent to the drill bit, and a well flushing liquid outlet is formed in the drill bit; the inner layer drill rod is hollow to form a liquid return channel; the upper part of the inner layer drill rod is fixedly connected with the power head box body, the lower end of the inner layer drill rod penetrates through the drill bit and stretches into the high-pressure cavity to form a slag discharging inlet after the high-pressure well flushing liquid washes the well wall, the upper end of the inner layer drill rod is provided with a slag discharging outlet, the slag discharging outlet is communicated with the inlet of the slag receiving mechanism through a pipeline, and the high-pressure well flushing liquid after washing the well wall is sent to the slag receiving mechanism;
a monitoring mechanism comprising: the device comprises a first strain gauge type pressure sensor, a second strain gauge type pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, a rotary encoder and a plurality of pressure sensors; the first strain gauge type pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting surface of the drill bit and the drill rod connecting seat and is used for measuring the weight on bit so as to monitor the thrust of the thrust oil cylinder; the second strain gauge type pressure sensor is arranged on the outer circumference of the connecting seat of the drill bit and the drill rod and is used for measuring the rotation torque; the displacement sensor is arranged on the thrust oil cylinder and used for measuring the drilling speed; the rotary encoder is arranged on the power head and is used for measuring the rotating speed provided by the power head so as to obtain the rotating speed of the drill bit; the pressure sensors are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the experimental drilling hole in the simulated rock block and are used for measuring the well wall pressure-bearing data;
the control center is respectively in communication connection with the hydraulic control mechanism, the well flushing liquid supply mechanism, the first strain gauge type pressure sensor, the second strain gauge type pressure sensor, the displacement sensor, the rotary encoder and the plurality of pressure sensors; the hydraulic control mechanism is respectively connected with the thrust oil cylinder and the power head and supplies liquid to the thrust oil cylinder and the power head.
2. The full section drilling environment simulation experiment device of the back-well drilling machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the slag receiving mechanism is internally provided with a filtering module, an outlet of the slag receiving mechanism is communicated with the well flushing liquid supply mechanism, and the slag receiving mechanism filters high-pressure well flushing liquid after flushing a well wall through the filtering module and sends the high-pressure well flushing liquid to the well flushing liquid supply mechanism for recycling.
3. The full section drilling environment simulation experiment device of the back-well drilling machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drill rod further comprises an outer layer drill rod, the outer layer drill rod is sleeved outside the middle layer drill rod, a space is reserved between the inner wall of the outer layer drill rod and the outer wall of the middle layer drill rod, an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the outer layer drill rod and the outer wall of the middle layer drill rod, and the annular cavity is used for setting a connecting wire of the monitoring mechanism;
the monitoring mechanism further comprises: the wireless transmission module is arranged at the upper part of the outer side of the outer layer drill rod; the input end of the wireless transmission module is respectively in communication connection with the first strain gauge type pressure sensor and the second strain gauge type pressure sensor through connecting wires, and the output end of the wireless transmission module is in wireless communication connection with the control center; the connecting wire is arranged in an annular cavity formed between the inner wall of the outer layer drill rod and the outer wall of the middle layer drill rod so as to ensure the quality of signal transmission; the displacement sensor is a wireless displacement sensor; the rotary encoder is a wireless encoding sensor; the pressure sensor is a wireless pressure sensor; the displacement sensor, the rotary encoder and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the control center in a wireless communication mode.
4. The full section drilling environment simulation experiment device of the back-well drilling machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drill bit comprises a cutter head and a hob; the liquid inlet channel is connected with the cutterhead, and a well washing liquid outlet is formed in the lower end face of the cutterhead.
5. The full section drilling environment simulation experiment device of the back-well drilling machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power head includes: a hydraulic motor and a transmission gear set; the input end of the transmission gear set is connected with the output end of the hydraulic motor, and the output end of the transmission gear set is connected with the main shaft of the power head; the hydraulic motor transmits power to the power head main shaft through the transmission gear set and drives the power head main shaft and the middle drill rod connected with the power head main shaft to rotate, so that the drill bit is driven to rotate.
6. The full section drilling environment simulation experiment device of the back-well drilling machine as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the rotary encoder is arranged on a hydraulic motor of the power head.
7. The full-section drilling environment simulation experiment method of the reverse well drilling machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, extracting rock hardness data of an actual drilling area;
s2, manufacturing a simulated rock block, and uniformly arranging a plurality of pressure sensors on the circumference of an experimental drilling hole in the simulated rock block;
s3, setting drilling parameters of an experimental drilling machine;
the drilling parameters include: single drilling depth h, total number of drilling experiments n, drilling speed Vm, drill bit rotating speed Sm, thrust force fm, rotating torque Tm and high-pressure well flushing hydraulic pressure value Pm for flushing drilling slag during each drilling, wherein m is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
s4, sequentially completing each drilling, measuring the abrasion loss delta m of the hob, wherein m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n after each experimental drilling is completed, acquiring well wall pressure data P measured by all pressure sensors, further acquiring the maximum value P (max) in the well wall pressure data, and judging whether P (max) is more than or equal to Pm 80%; the first measurement of P (max) is greater than or equal to P m * When 80%, determining Pm as a critical pressure value; the actual drilling depth Hm corresponding to Pm is the well wall maintenance criticalDrilling depth Ho;
s5, after all drilling experiments are completed, obtaining the optimal drilling speed V which is most matched with the actual drilling working condition o The optimal hob abrasion delta o, the optimal thrust fo and the optimal rotation torque To corresponding To the optimal hob abrasion delta o, and the critical borehole depth Ho for borehole wall maintenance.
8. The experimental method for simulating the full face drilling environment of a back-up drilling machine according to claim 7, wherein:
in the step S2, the pressure sensor is 10-15mm away from the wall of the experimental borehole.
9. The experimental method for simulating the full face drilling environment of a back-up drilling machine according to claim 7, wherein:
in step S3, the setting steps of the drilling parameters are as follows:
s31, setting single drilling depth h of an experimental drilling machine and total drilling experiment times n according to hardness data of sampled rocks;
s32, dividing the total drilling depth H into n sections according to the total drilling experiment times n, and correspondingly setting the actual well flushing hydraulic pressure corresponding to each section of depth as the high-pressure well flushing hydraulic pressure Pm of the experimental drilling machine during each drilling;
s32, controlling the liquid control mechanism to supply liquid to the thrust oil cylinder and the power head through the control center, obtaining preset drilling speed Vm and drill bit rotating speed Sm each time, and recording corresponding thrust fm and rotating torque Tm.
10. The experimental method for simulating the full face drilling environment of a back-up drilling machine according to claim 9, wherein: the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the step S31, if the hardness of the sampled rock is greater than or equal to 40Mpa, setting the single drilling depth h as 100mm, and if the hardness of the sampled rock is less than 40Mpa, setting the single drilling depth h as 200mm; the total drilling amount is set to be 10-15 times.
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| CN117328858A (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-01-02 | 江苏和信石油机械有限公司 | Mine exploration well reversing drilling machine capable of being monitored in real time |
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| CN117328858A (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-01-02 | 江苏和信石油机械有限公司 | Mine exploration well reversing drilling machine capable of being monitored in real time |
| CN117328858B (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-05-24 | 江苏和信石油机械有限公司 | Mine exploration well reversing drilling machine capable of being monitored in real time |
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