CN116784321A - 一种季铵盐杀菌剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种季铵盐杀菌剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种季铵盐杀菌剂及其制备方法，本发明的啥节目年纪主要由以下原料制得：以重量份数计，主要由以下原料制得：十二烷基二甲基叔胺15‑25份，异丙醇10‑20份，氯甲烷10‑15份，咪唑啉乙酸盐15‑25份，氯化十六烷基吡啶15‑25份，消泡剂1‑3份，去离子水20‑30份。该杀菌剂含有双链季铵盐，极强的表面活性使其杀菌效果不会受有机物干扰，不易受pH值、水质、温度等因素的干扰；并且还含有两性表面活性剂，使其具有优秀去污作用的溶剂体系，可实现杀菌与去污垢防腐蚀的双重作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油田化学助剂技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种季铵盐杀菌剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
油气田开采中后期，采出的油气含水率升高，大量采出水处理后不能直接排放，同时为了平衡地层压力，需要进行处理后进行回注。油田回注水最基本要求为不污染流动地下水，不堵塞管道，不腐蚀管道，因此对于不同注入层的空气渗透率，还规定有硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌和腐生菌等检测指标，以防止注水管线腐蚀、堵塞管道、油层损害以及注水量、石油产量、油气质量的下降。
目前杀菌剂按照杀生机制可分为氧化性杀菌剂和非氧化性杀菌剂，非氧化性杀菌剂应用较多的是季铵盐或以季铵盐为主的复配杀菌剂，这类杀菌剂在油田注水***的长期使用中，存在有杀菌效果不好、无法清除污垢、微生物易产生抗药性，且使用时产生大量泡沫、不易清除的缺点。
有鉴于此，特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种季铵盐增效杀菌剂，该杀菌剂含有双链季铵盐，极强的表面活性使其杀菌效果不会受有机物干扰，不易受pH值、水质、温度等因素的干扰；并且还含有两性表面活性剂，使其具有优秀去污作用的溶剂体系，可实现杀菌与去污垢防腐蚀的双重作用。
为实现本发明的上述目的，特采用一下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种季铵盐杀菌剂，以重量份数计，主要由以下原料制得：十二烷基二甲基叔胺15-25份，异丙醇10-20份，氯甲烷10-15份，咪唑啉乙酸盐15-25份，氯化十六烷基吡啶15-25份，消泡剂1-3份，去离子水20-30份。
优选地，以重量份数计，十二烷基二甲基叔胺18-22份，异丙醇13-17份，氯甲烷12-14份，咪唑啉乙酸盐18-22份，氯化十六烷基吡啶18-22份，消泡剂1-3份，去离子水23-27份。
优选地，以重量份数计，十二烷基二甲基叔胺20份，异丙醇15份，氯甲烷13份，咪唑啉乙酸盐20份，氯化十六烷基吡啶20份，消泡剂2份，去离子水25份。
本发明加入的咪唑啉乙酸盐为两性表面活性剂，不仅提高了杀菌效果，使其不会受有机物干扰，不易受pH值、水质、温度等因素的干扰，还使杀菌剂同时还具有去污作用，在使用时能够去除设备及管线污垢，防止设备及管线受到腐蚀。另外，在本发明的配伍条件下，杀菌剂与回注水其他药剂的配伍性良好，使用时不会产生大量泡沫，易于清除。
优选地，包括将十二烷基二甲基叔胺和异丙醇混合，并在40-50℃的加热温度下持续搅拌35-45min，得到混合物A。
优选地，向所述混合物A中加入去离子水进行搅拌，在搅拌过程中加入氯甲烷并升温至75-85℃，搅拌3.5-4.5h后得到混合物B。
优选地，向所述混合物B中加入咪唑啉乙酸盐、氯化十六烷基吡啶和消泡剂，搅拌后得到产品。
优选地，向所述混合物B中加入咪唑啉乙酸盐与氯化十六烷基吡啶后，先搅拌1.5-2.5h，加入消泡剂后再继续搅拌20-40min。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：本发明提供了一种含双链季铵盐的杀菌剂，具有极强的表面活性，可以达到投加浓度低、不易产生抗药性以及快速杀菌的效果，同时杀菌剂中加入的两性表面活性剂咪唑啉乙酸盐，可使杀菌剂具备杀菌、去污垢防腐蚀的双重作用，更适合于油田回注水的应用。另一方面，本发明的杀菌剂的制备工艺简单方便，生产成本低，具有良好的经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
按重量份数计，对各个原料进行配料：
十二烷基二甲基叔胺15份，异丙醇10份，氯甲烷15份，咪唑啉乙酸盐25份，氯化十六烷基吡啶15份，消泡剂1份，去离子水30份。
先将上述原料中的十二烷基二甲基叔胺和异丙醇混合，在50℃的加热温度下持续搅拌35min，得到混合物A；再向混合物A中加入去离子水，在搅拌的条件下加入氯甲烷并升温至75℃，持续搅拌4.5h后得到混合物B；向混合物B中加入咪唑啉乙酸盐和氯化十六烷基吡啶，并搅拌2.5h，最后再加入消泡剂，继续搅拌20min后得到产品。
实施例2
按重量份数计，对各个原料进行配料：
十二烷基二甲基叔胺25份，异丙醇20份，氯甲烷10份，咪唑啉乙酸盐15份，氯化十六烷基吡啶25份，消泡剂3份，去离子水20份。
先将上述原料中的十二烷基二甲基叔胺和异丙醇混合，在40℃的加热温度下持续搅拌45min，得到混合物A；再向混合物A中加入去离子水，在搅拌的条件下加入氯甲烷并升温至85℃，持续搅拌3.5h后得到混合物B；向混合物B中加入咪唑啉乙酸盐和氯化十六烷基吡啶，并搅拌1.5h，最后再加入消泡剂，继续搅拌40min后得到产品。
实施例3
按重量份数计，对各个原料进行配料：
十二烷基二甲基叔胺18份，异丙醇13份，氯甲烷14份，咪唑啉乙酸盐22份，氯化十六烷基吡啶18份，消泡剂1份，去离子水27份。
先将上述原料中的十二烷基二甲基叔胺和异丙醇混合，在45℃的加热温度下持续搅拌40min，得到混合物A；再向混合物A中加入去离子水，在搅拌的条件下加入氯甲烷并升温至80℃，持续搅拌4h后得到混合物B；向混合物B中加入咪唑啉乙酸盐和氯化十六烷基吡啶，并搅拌2h，最后再加入消泡剂，继续搅拌30min后得到产品。
实施例4
按重量份数计，对各个原料进行配料：
十二烷基二甲基叔胺22份，异丙醇17份，氯甲烷12份，咪唑啉乙酸盐18份，氯化十六烷基吡啶22份，消泡剂3份，去离子水23份。
先将上述原料中的十二烷基二甲基叔胺和异丙醇混合，在45℃的加热温度下持续搅拌40min，得到混合物A；再向混合物A中加入去离子水，在搅拌的条件下加入氯甲烷并升温至80℃，持续搅拌4h后得到混合物B；向混合物B中加入咪唑啉乙酸盐和氯化十六烷基吡啶，并搅拌2h，最后再加入消泡剂，继续搅拌30min后得到产品。
实施例5
按重量份数计，对各个原料进行配料：
十二烷基二甲基叔胺20份，异丙醇15份，氯甲烷13份，咪唑啉乙酸盐20份，氯化十六烷基吡啶20份，消泡剂2份，去离子水25份。
先将上述原料中的十二烷基二甲基叔胺和异丙醇混合，在45℃的加热温度下持续搅拌40min，得到混合物A；再向混合物A中加入去离子水，在搅拌的条件下加入氯甲烷并升温至80℃，持续搅拌4h后得到混合物B；向混合物B中加入咪唑啉乙酸盐和氯化十六烷基吡啶，并搅拌2h，最后再加入消泡剂，继续搅拌30min后得到产品。
实施例6
具体实施步骤与实施例5一致，只是咪唑啉乙酸盐的添加量为15份。
实施例7
具体实施步骤与实施例5一致，只是十二烷基二甲基叔胺添加量的为15份。
比较例1
具体实施步骤与实施例5一致，只是不添加咪唑啉乙酸盐。
比较例2
具体实施步骤与实施例5一致，只是咪唑啉乙酸盐的添加量为45份。
实验例1
依据现场实际的杀菌效果对本发明的季铵盐杀菌剂进行实验室评价，其中实验条件为杀菌时间30min，水温35.2℃，实验参数为药剂的投加量；评价方式按照SY/T 0532-93油田注入水细菌分析方法绝迹稀释法的标准进行操作。
其中，市售杀菌剂1为1227杀菌剂，其主要成分为十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵；市售杀菌剂2为1231杀菌剂，其主要成分为十二烷基三甲基氯化铵。
实验结果如下所示：
从上述实验数据中可以明显看出，本发明的季铵盐杀菌剂在所有实施例中性能稳定，对于不同类型的细菌均含有极高的杀菌率，优于市售的杀菌剂，经处理后的水质能够满足SY/T 5329-2012中的水质推荐指标。
其中，实施例5作为效果最好的实施例，与其他实施例的区别在于各组分之间的配比以及制备过程中的条件参数不同，通过比较1-7实施例的杀菌效果可知，杀菌剂中各组分的配比以及该配比对应制备参数通过综合作用会对杀菌效果产生影响，选择最优的配比关系可以一定程度提高杀菌剂的杀菌效果。
对比实施例5与比较例1-2的实验数据，可以明显看出，咪唑啉乙酸盐作为本发明杀菌剂的重要组成部分，加入量过多或过少都无法取得较佳的杀菌效果，而是需要将其控制在一个最佳的区间内，才能在保留各组分优势的同时，使互补性和配伍性好，起到协同作用。
对比实施例5与市售杀菌剂1-2的实验数据，可以看出与现有技术的杀菌剂相比，本发明的杀菌剂需要投加量低，且杀菌效果显著，而现有技术的杀菌剂要想达到相近的技术效果，则需要更高的加药浓度。
最后，可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的原理和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种季铵盐杀菌剂，其特征在于，以重量份数计，主要由以下原料制得：十二烷基二甲基叔胺15-25份，异丙醇10-20份，氯甲烷10-15份，咪唑啉乙酸盐15-25份，氯化十六烷基吡啶15-25份，消泡剂1-3份，去离子水20-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌剂，其特征在于，以重量份数计，十二烷基二甲基叔胺18-22份，异丙醇13-17份，氯甲烷12-14份，咪唑啉乙酸盐18-22份，氯化十六烷基吡啶18-22份，消泡剂1-3份，去离子水23-27份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌剂，其特征在于，以重量份数计，十二烷基二甲基叔胺20份，异丙醇15份，氯甲烷13份，咪唑啉乙酸盐20份，氯化十六烷基吡啶20份，消泡剂2份，去离子水25份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的杀菌剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括将十二烷基二甲基叔胺和异丙醇混合，并在40-50℃的加热温度下持续搅拌35-45min，得到混合物A。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，向所述混合物A中加入去离子水进行搅拌，在搅拌过程中加入氯甲烷并升温至75-85℃，搅拌3.5-4.5h后得到混合物B。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，向所述混合物B中加入咪唑啉乙酸盐、氯化十六烷基吡啶和消泡剂，搅拌后得到产品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，向所述混合物B中加入咪唑啉乙酸盐与氯化十六烷基吡啶后，先搅拌1.5-2.5h，加入消泡剂后再继续搅拌20-40min。
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