CN116777293A - Groundwater overload treatment technology and evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a groundwater overload treatment technology and an evaluation method, wherein the treatment technology introduces farmland recharging water into circulation of groundwater replenishment, and the recharging is performed manually, so that redundant water resources in a high water period are reasonably transferred to a groundwater level, and a stable water source is provided for agricultural irrigation in a water-leveling period and a water-withering period in the future and the groundwater level is ensured to be in a reasonable state; the evaluation method can effectively judge whether a certain groundwater overload treatment technology is suitable for the current region, assigns values to a plurality of key indexes of the treatment technology, and obtains a conclusion according to the final evaluation grade, thereby having high evaluation speed and comprehensive index response.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of groundwater treatment and evaluation, in particular to a groundwater overload treatment technology and an evaluation method.
Background
Super-mining of groundwater is a phenomenon that the groundwater production in a certain area exceeds the allowable groundwater production in the area. The underground water level is continuously lowered to be lower than the average underground water level for many years by the super mining, the underground water cannot be timely supplemented, and the underground water is overloaded; if the water is recovered, the water-bearing layer provides water by consuming the storage capacity, and finally the environmental and geological problems such as water quality reduction, water source exhaustion, water well scrapping, ground subsidence and the like are caused. The underground water level is lowered due to the super-mining of the underground water, so that the excitation and replenishment of the surface water and peripheral runoff to the underground water are formed. In the case of surface water commonly polluted nowadays, the pollution of groundwater is unavoidable. The pollution to the underground water is mainly industrial wastewater, urban domestic sewage and agricultural chemical fertilizers, and in addition, seawater invasion caused by the decrease of the underground water level in coastal areas is also a cause of pollution to the underground water. Industrial wastewater is the dominant source of groundwater pollution and mainly contains organic and inorganic compounds such as phenol, cyanide, arsenic, mercury, chromium, cadmium, detergents, oils, nitro compounds, benzene, aldehydes, pesticides, chlorobenzene, phosphorus and other harmful substances. Organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins and grease are mainly contained in urban domestic sewage and livestock sewage, dissolved oxygen in water is consumed in the decomposition process, and gases such as methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are discharged, so that the water quality is deteriorated and odor is emitted.
In order to ensure good circulation of groundwater, overload management is urgent, strict water resource management system is implemented in China, limited mining and forbidden mining degree of groundwater are implemented, meanwhile, the overload condition of groundwater is monitored by using technical means, an overload early warning mechanism of groundwater is implemented, and importance of various parties on overload of groundwater is enhanced in combination with aspects of warning education; for many areas, more than half of the super-produced groundwater is used for agricultural irrigation, and the influence of agricultural irrigation on the groundwater cannot be ignored. For example, the action scheme of the comprehensive treatment of the underground water super-mining in the North China is formally implemented from 2019 in 1 month, the comprehensive treatment of the underground water super-mining in the North China is promoted, the utilization rate of agricultural water resources is improved, the water demand is reduced, and the underground water mining amount is fundamentally reduced. The existing underground water overload treatment technology aiming at agricultural irrigation mainly starts from water saving transformation, changes the irrigation mode, but does not effectively combine with irrigation water rewet technology, forms good circulation of agricultural irrigation-irrigation water rewet-underground water supply, and circularly supplements an underground water source, thereby providing a thought for solving the problem of underground water overload. In addition, the method is very important for carrying out grade evaluation on different underground water overload treatment technologies, which is beneficial to popularizing schemes with different treatment grades in different areas, and achieves better treatment effects while saving material resources and manpower.
Accordingly, those skilled in the art have been working to develop a groundwater overload management technique and evaluation method to address the above-described deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention aims to solve the technical problem that the method disclosed in the prior art is not effectively combined with the irrigation water rewet technology to form a good cycle of agricultural irrigation, irrigation water rewet and artificial groundwater supply, and the groundwater is only supplied by means of natural precipitation and other approaches, so that the problem of the disadvantage that the groundwater source cannot be fundamentally supplied is solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the first aspect of the present invention provides a groundwater overload treatment technology, which includes obtaining treatment area information, selecting irrigation mode, establishing a rewet pipeline system, and manually introducing infiltration and replenishment irrigation; the method comprises the steps of obtaining treatment area information, namely obtaining basic information, weather information and key facility distribution of a selected treatment area; the irrigation mode selection is to select one or more from infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation, hole irrigation and spray irrigation according to geographical area information; the rewet pipeline system is established according to basic information of a treatment area and key facility distribution, and an irrigation water drainage and drainage pipeline, a reservoir, a ditch and a water injection well are thinned; the artificial infiltration supplementing irrigation adopts one or more of earth surface infiltration supplementing, well irrigation supplementing and pressurized recharging modes according to the high water period and rainfall capacity of the treatment area and the rewet pipeline system;
further, the basic information comprises one or more of regional area, soil characteristics, agricultural water demand, topography and DEM data; the meteorological information comprises one or more of precipitation, evaporation capacity, temperature and humidity, a high water period, a dead water period and a flat water period; the key facility distribution comprises water supply points and irrigation points;
furthermore, the irrigation mode is selected according to the agricultural net irrigation quota, the topography and the soil characteristics; the agricultural net irrigation quota refers to the water quantity which must be supplemented by irrigation, and is obtained by making a difference between the original water storage capacity, the effective rainfall capacity and the underground water consumption of the soil and the evaporation and transpiration water quantity of crops;
furthermore, the infiltration pipeline system is established according to DEM data of a treatment area, a drainage channel is arranged at a low-lying position of a farmland, and the water for recharging and the superfluous precipitation in the water-increasing period flow into a reservoir or a water injection well along the drainage channel;
the second aspect of the invention provides an evaluation method of groundwater overload management technology, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, setting different monitoring points and corresponding devices according to key underground water exploitation positions in a treatment area, monitoring underground water exploitation amount, burial depth, recharging amount and water quality conditions, and collecting key underground water data information;
step 2, periodically detecting the water quality of the recharging water according to the agricultural activities, and collecting the key data information of the recharging water;
step 3, assigning values to the important indexes according to the important groundwater data information of the treatment area and the important groundwater recharging data information of the agriculture, establishing a groundwater artificial recharge evaluation method based on groundwater exploitation quantity and groundwater recharging quantity, and scoring a groundwater overload treatment technology;
further, for step 1, the groundwater yield is expressed as a numerical value of an agricultural net irrigation quota, and the calculation formula is as follows:
I＝ET 0 -P e
wherein I is the net irrigation quota (mm) of crops, ET 0 For reference crop evaporation transpiration (mm.d) -1 )，P e Is effective rainfall (mm) in the growing period of crops;
ET 0 the calculation is carried out by adopting a Penman-Monteth formula, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention, n for the net radiation dose (MJ.m) of the crop surface -2 ·d -1 ) G is soil heat flux (MJ.m) -2 ·d -1 ) Gamma is hygrometer constant, (kPa/°c); t is the average temperature of air, (. Degree.C.); u (u) 2 Wind speed (m/s) at a height of 2m above the ground; e, e s Is air saturated water vapor pressure, (kPa); e, e a Is the actual water vapor pressure of air, (kPa); delta is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure versus air temperature curve, (kPa/°c);
the burial depth can be obtained by measuring with a float-type water level gauge; the recharging quantity is obtained according to the difference value of the actual precipitation quantity in the high water period and the crop water demand quantity in the high water period, namely Q Returning to ＝ e -ET c ET in c For crop water demand in the period of high water, Q Returning to Is the recharging quantity;
ET c ＝∑K ci ×ET 0
wherein K is ci Selecting and referencing research results in the field for crop coefficients in the ith growth stage of the whole growth period;
the water quality condition monitoring project refers to the underground water quality standard to detect underground water and determine the quality grade of the underground water in each evaluation period;
further, for the step 2, the acquisition time of the key data information of agricultural water back irrigation corresponds to the frequency and time of agricultural activities, generally, the third day after irrigation, and the detection frequency needs to be increased when the rain flushing force in the water-rich period is large; the method comprises the steps of performing key detection on the agricultural recharging pesticide residue, heavy metal content and pH value;
further, for the step 3, the key index assignment specifically assigns scores to four indexes including underground water exploitation quantity, exploitation power consumption, underground water burial depth change and water quality stability; setting evaluation grades corresponding to different fractional segments, determining the current groundwater overload treatment technical grade according to the scoring condition, and obtaining a conclusion;
by adopting the scheme, the underground water overload treatment technology and the evaluation method disclosed by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) According to the underground water overload treatment technology and the evaluation method, farmland recharging water can be introduced into circulation of groundwater replenishment by the treatment technology, the recharging is performed manually, redundant water resources in a high water period are reasonably transferred to an underground water level, a stable water source is provided for agricultural irrigation in a water-leveling period and a water-withering period in the future, and meanwhile, the underground water level is ensured to be in a reasonable state.
(2) The underground water overload treatment technology and the evaluation method can effectively judge whether a certain underground water overload treatment technology is suitable for the current region, assign values to a plurality of key indexes of the treatment technology, and obtain a conclusion according to the final evaluation grade, and are high in evaluation speed and comprehensive in index response.
In summary, according to the underground water overload treatment technology and the evaluation method disclosed by the invention, farmland recharging water is introduced into the circulation of groundwater replenishment by the treatment technology, the replenishment is performed manually, redundant water resources in a high water period are reasonably transferred to a groundwater level, a stable water source is provided for agricultural irrigation in a water leveling period and a dead water period in the future, and meanwhile, the underground water level is ensured to be in a reasonable state; the evaluation method can effectively judge whether a certain groundwater overload treatment technology is suitable for the current region, assigns values to a plurality of key indexes of the treatment technology, and obtains a conclusion according to the final evaluation grade, thereby having high evaluation speed and comprehensive index response.
The conception, specific technical scheme, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the specific embodiments below to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of an evaluation method of groundwater overload control technology according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes a number of preferred embodiments of the present invention to make its technical contents more clear and easy to understand. This invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments which are exemplary of the description and the scope of the invention is not limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.
If there are experimental methods for which specific conditions are not specified, the experimental methods are usually carried out according to conventional conditions, such as the related instructions or manuals.
As shown in FIG. 1, the groundwater overload treatment technology and evaluation method of the invention comprises the steps of obtaining treatment area information, selecting irrigation modes, establishing a rewet pipeline system, and manually introducing infiltration and replenishment irrigation; the method comprises the steps of obtaining treatment area information, namely obtaining basic information, weather information and key facility distribution of a selected treatment area; the irrigation mode selection is to select one or more from infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation, hole irrigation and spray irrigation according to geographical area information; the rewet pipeline system is established according to basic information of a treatment area and key facility distribution, and an irrigation water drainage and drainage pipeline, a reservoir, a ditch and a water injection well are thinned; the artificial infiltration supplementing irrigation adopts one or more of earth surface infiltration supplementing, well irrigation supplementing and pressurized recharging modes according to the high water period and rainfall capacity of the treatment area and the rewet pipeline system;
the basic information comprises one or more of area, soil characteristics, agricultural water demand, topography and DEM data; the meteorological information comprises one or more of precipitation, evaporation capacity, temperature and humidity, a high water period, a dead water period and a flat water period; the key facility distribution comprises water supply points and irrigation points;
the irrigation mode is selected according to the agricultural net irrigation quota, the topography and the soil characteristics; the agricultural net irrigation quota refers to the water quantity which must be supplemented by irrigation, and is obtained by making a difference between the original water storage capacity, the effective rainfall capacity and the underground water consumption of the soil and the evaporation and transpiration water quantity of crops;
the construction basis of the rewet pipeline system is DEM data of a treatment area, a drainage channel is arranged at a low-lying position of a farmland, and superfluous rainfall in the recharging and water-increasing period flows into a reservoir or a water injection well along the drainage channel;
example, evaluation of groundwater overload control technique for farmland in North China
Based on the evaluation of the groundwater overload treatment technology, the evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out overload treatment on a groundwater area with water supplied to a certain farmland in North China, wherein crops planted in the farmland area are corns, a plurality of water supply wells in the farmland area are used as monitoring points, a float type water level meter, a water quality detection sampling place and electricity consumption statistical equipment are arranged, groundwater exploitation amount, burial depth, recharging amount and water quality condition are monitored, and groundwater key data information is collected;
groundwater yield is expressed by the numerical value of agricultural net irrigation quota, and the calculation formula is as follows:
I＝ET 0 -P e
wherein I is the net irrigation quota (mm) of crops, ET 0 For reference crop evaporation transpiration (mm.d) -1 )，P e Is effective rainfall (mm) in the growing period of crops;
ET 0 for reference crop evaporation transpiration (mm.d) -1 ) The calculation is carried out by adopting a Penman-Monteth formula, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention, n for the net radiation dose (MJ.m) of the crop surface -2 ·d -1 ) G is soil heat flux (MJ.m) -2 ·d -1 ) Gamma is hygrometer constant, (kPa/°c); t is the average temperature of air, (. Degree.C.); u (u) 2 Wind speed (m/s) at a height of 2m above the ground; e, e s Is saturated with airWater vapour pressure, (kPa); e, e a Is the actual water vapor pressure of air, (kPa); delta is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure versus air temperature curve, (kPa/°c); calculated that the agricultural net irrigation quota of the area, namely the groundwater yield, is 3.78X10 3 m 3 ；
The buried depth of the underground water can be obtained by measuring with a float-type water level gauge; the recharging quantity is obtained according to the difference value of the actual precipitation quantity in the high water period and the crop water demand quantity in the high water period, namely Q Returning to ＝ e -ET c ET in c For crop water demand in the period of high water, Q Returning to Is the recharging quantity;
ET c ＝∑K ci ×ET 0
wherein K is ci For the crop coefficients at the ith growth stage of the full growth phase, K in this example ci Taking the coefficient values of the crops 2 weeks and 11 weeks after the corn seedlings are taken as calculated selection values, wherein the calculated selection values are respectively 0.7 and 0.8;
the water quality condition monitoring project refers to the underground water quality standard to detect underground water and determine the quality grade of the underground water in each evaluation period; this time of detection project
Step 2, periodically detecting the water quality of the recharging water according to the agricultural activities, wherein the time and frequency for collecting the key data information of the agricultural recharging water correspond to the agricultural activities time and frequency, the third day after farmland irrigation is selected, and the second day after rain is additionally selected as the detection time in the 4 month and 7 month-9 month full water period; the method comprises the steps of performing key detection on the agricultural recharging pesticide residue, heavy metal content and pH value;
step 3, assigning values to four indexes including underground water exploitation quantity, exploitation power consumption, underground water burial depth change and water quality stability according to underground water key data information of a treatment area and agricultural recharging key data information, establishing an underground water manual replenishment evaluation method based on the underground water exploitation quantity and the underground water recharging replenishment quantity, and scoring an underground water overload treatment technology; setting 1-10 minutes for the four indexes, and making a difference between a judgment standard such as underground water exploitation quantity and previous year exploitation quantity, wherein the difference is more than 0, which represents that the underground water overload condition is not effectively treated, and the score is controlled below 5 minutes, and the difference is less than 0, which represents that the underground water overload condition is effectively treated, and the score is controlled above 5 minutes; the concrete fraction is subjected to gradient analysis according to actual conditions; setting corresponding evaluation grades of different score segments, wherein if the total score of four items is 40, the single score is above 5, and if the total score is higher than 24, the qualified groundwater overload treatment technology is available, and if the total score is lower than 24, the selection of the technical scheme with the highest score is not recommended, and the current groundwater overload treatment technology grade is determined according to the score condition;
according to analysis of the embodiment, farmland recharging water is introduced into a circulation of groundwater replenishment by the groundwater overload treatment technology and the evaluation method treatment technology, the recharging is performed manually, redundant water resources in a high water period are reasonably transferred to a groundwater level, a stable water source is provided for agricultural irrigation in a water leveling period and a water withering period in the future, and the groundwater level is guaranteed to be in a reasonable state; the evaluation method can effectively judge whether a certain groundwater overload treatment technology is suitable for the current region, assigns values to a plurality of key indexes of the treatment technology, and obtains a conclusion according to the final evaluation grade, thereby having high evaluation speed and comprehensive index response.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention without requiring creative effort by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by a person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A groundwater overload treatment technology is characterized in that,
the method comprises the steps of obtaining treatment area information, selecting an irrigation mode, establishing a rewet pipeline system and manually introducing infiltration and supplementary irrigation; the method comprises the steps of obtaining treatment area information, namely obtaining basic information, weather information and key facility distribution of a selected treatment area; the irrigation mode selection is to select one or more from infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation, hole irrigation and spray irrigation according to geographical area information; the rewet pipeline system is established according to basic information of a treatment area and key facility distribution, and an irrigation water drainage and drainage pipeline, a reservoir, a ditch and a water injection well are thinned; the artificial infiltration supplementing irrigation adopts one or more of earth surface infiltration supplementing, well irrigation supplementing and pressurized recharging modes according to the high water period and rainfall capacity of the treatment area and the rewet pipeline system.
2. A groundwater overload management technique according to claim 1, wherein,
the basic information comprises one or more of area, soil characteristics, agricultural water demand, topography and DEM data; the meteorological information comprises one or more of precipitation, evaporation capacity, temperature and humidity, a high water period, a dead water period and a flat water period; the key facility distribution comprises water supply points and irrigation points.
3. A groundwater overload management technique according to claim 1, wherein,
the irrigation mode is selected according to the agricultural net irrigation quota, the topography and the soil characteristics; the agricultural net irrigation quota refers to the amount of water which must be supplemented by irrigation, and is obtained by making the difference between the original water storage capacity, effective rainfall capacity and underground water consumption of soil and the evaporation and transpiration water quantity of crops.
4. A groundwater overload management technique according to claim 1, wherein,
the infiltration pipeline system is established according to DEM data of a treatment area, a drainage channel is arranged at a low-lying position of a farmland, and the excess precipitation in the water recharging and water-increasing period flows into a reservoir or a water injection well along the drainage channel.
5. An evaluation method of groundwater overload treatment technology is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, setting different monitoring points and corresponding devices according to key underground water exploitation positions in a treatment area, monitoring underground water exploitation amount, burial depth, recharging amount and water quality conditions, and collecting key underground water data information;
step 2, periodically detecting the water quality of the recharging water according to the agricultural activities, and collecting the key data information of the recharging water;
step 3, assigning values to the important indexes according to the important groundwater data information of the treatment area and the important groundwater recharging data information of the agriculture, establishing a groundwater artificial recharge evaluation method based on groundwater exploitation quantity and groundwater recharging quantity, and scoring a groundwater overload treatment technology;
for the step 1, the groundwater yield is expressed by the numerical value of the agricultural net irrigation quota, and the calculation formula is as follows:
I＝ET 0 -P e
wherein I is the net irrigation quota (mm) of crops, ET 0 For reference crop evaporation transpiration (mm.d) -1 )，P e Is effective rainfall (mm) in the growing period of crops; ET (electric T) 0 Calculating by adopting a Penman-Monteth formula;
the burial depth can be obtained by measuring with a float-type water level gauge; the recharging quantity is obtained according to the difference value of the actual precipitation quantity in the high water period and the crop water demand quantity in the high water period, namely Q Returning to ＝P e -ET c ET in c For crop water demand in the period of high water, Q Returning to Is the recharging quantity;
ET c ＝∑K ci ×ET 0
wherein K is ci Selecting and referencing research results in the field for crop coefficients in the ith growth stage of the whole growth period;
and the water quality condition monitoring project refers to the underground water quality standard to detect underground water and determine the quality grade of the underground water in each evaluation period.
6. The groundwater overload management technology and evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein,
for the step 2, the acquisition time of the key data information of agricultural water return corresponds to the frequency and time of agricultural activities, generally, the third day after irrigation, and the detection frequency is required to be increased when the rain flushing force in the water-rich period is large; and (3) carrying out key detection on the agricultural recharging pesticide residue, heavy metal content and pH value.
7. The groundwater overload management technology and evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein,
for the step 3, the key index assignment specifically carries out assignment scoring on four indexes including underground water exploitation quantity, exploitation power consumption, underground water burial depth change and water quality stability; setting evaluation grades corresponding to different fractional segments, determining the current groundwater overload treatment technical grade according to the scoring condition, and obtaining a conclusion.
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| CN202310802826.9A CN116777293A (en) | 2023-06-30 | 2023-06-30 | Groundwater overload treatment technology and evaluation method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117057632A (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-11-14 | 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 | Method for evaluating precipitation recharging feasibility of pebble layer deep foundation pit |
| CN117397447A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-01-16 | 蒲县生态产品研发技术服务中心 | Irrigation device for agricultural planting and application method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117057632A (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-11-14 | 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 | Method for evaluating precipitation recharging feasibility of pebble layer deep foundation pit |
| CN117057632B (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2024-01-19 | 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 | Method for evaluating precipitation recharging feasibility of pebble layer deep foundation pit |
| CN117397447A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-01-16 | 蒲县生态产品研发技术服务中心 | Irrigation device for agricultural planting and application method thereof |
| CN117397447B (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-03-12 | 蒲县生态产品研发技术服务中心 | Irrigation device for agricultural planting and application method thereof |
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