CN116776508A - Method for obtaining toughness of urban drainage pipe network after sponge city construction - Google Patents
Method for obtaining toughness of urban drainage pipe network after sponge city construction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a method for acquiring toughness of a municipal drainage pipe network after construction of a sponge city, which comprises the steps of collecting data, adopting a ring-cutter method experiment to acquire a Huon soil infiltration parameter of a research area, dividing a sub-catchment area by utilizing Thiessen polygons according to distribution of pipeline inspection wells, distributing runoffs of each sub-catchment area into corresponding inspection wells, constructing an SWMM model, setting area occupation ratios of construction of different sponge facilities according to the distribution characteristics of an impermeable surface of the research area, determining construction schemes of different sponge facilities, and acquiring the toughness of the municipal drainage pipe network under the construction schemes of different sponge facilities. According to the method, after the sponge city construction is considered, the method for obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is quantized, and the change condition of the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network can be embodied under the condition of different sponge city construction plans.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of urban rainfall flood management, in particular to a method for acquiring toughness of an urban drainage pipe network after construction of a sponge city.
Background
In recent years, many countries and regions are faced with urban water problems, such as urban waterlogging, urban water environmental pollution, etc. In order to cope with the urban water problem, urban water resource toughness management strategies are continuously proposed, and mainly comprise two types. The first category is structural measures in urban rainfall flood management, such as urban drainage systems and green infrastructure systems; another class is mainly unstructured measures such as adaptive management and social learning.
In the initial stage of sponge city construction, many researches mainly focus on runoff control rate and pollutant control rate, however, along with the continuous development of sponge city construction theory, many scholars consider that the sponge city can slow down or reduce the influence of natural disasters and environmental changes, and has good toughness. The construction of the sponge facilities and other green basic facilities changes the hydrologic change process, thereby influencing the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network. Therefore, based on the existing sponge city theory and combined with sponging transformation, the mechanism of action of the sponge on the toughness of the city drainage pipe network is a key problem for realizing the connection of sponge facilities and the city drainage system.
The development of the toughness concept is mainly divided into three stages of engineering toughness, ecological toughness and social-ecological toughness. Canadian Huo Lin defines the engineering toughness at the earliest, which refers to the "ability of the system to return to equilibrium or steady state after being perturbed. In recent years, quantitative evaluation of toughness has been an important point in urban rainfall flood management, and these studies are roughly classified into two types depending on whether or not the influence of external environments (such as rapid urbanization or climate change) is considered. The first type ignores the effects of external environmental changes, and constructs an index system in terms of society, ecology, infrastructure, economy, regime and disaster to study the current flood management strategy and its effectiveness in reducing flood loss and evaluating flood restoration. The second type is urban drainage system toughness under increased urban or climate change. Climate change and urbanization can lead to more system failures and threatens the life and property security of people. If urban planners and designers ignore external environmental factors such as urbanization or climate change, the design standard of the urban drainage system will increase the probability of urban flood disasters.
In the present stage, along with the continuous deep construction of the sponge city, the toughness becomes one of important characteristics of the construction of the sponge city in China, however, the method for calculating the toughness of the urban drainage system in the present stage ignores the influence of the connection of the sponge facility and the drainage pipe network on the toughness of the urban drainage system, and cannot meet the calculation requirement, so that a method for quantifying the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city is urgently provided.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the application aims to provide the method for acquiring the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city, and the method for acquiring the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is quantized after the construction of the sponge city is considered, so that the change condition of the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network can be embodied under the condition of different sponge city construction plans.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the application provides a method for acquiring toughness of a municipal drainage pipe network after construction of a sponge city, which comprises the following steps:
collecting data, and determining the Huoton soil infiltration parameters of a research area by using a ring cutter method experiment;
dividing sub-catchment areas by utilizing Thiessen polygons according to the distribution of the pipeline inspection wells, distributing runoffs of each sub-catchment area into corresponding pipeline inspection wells, and constructing an SWMM model;
according to the SWMM model, setting the area occupation ratio of different sponge facility construction according to the characteristics of the water impermeable surface distribution of a research area, and determining different sponge facility construction schemes;
and obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network under different sponge facility construction schemes.
Further, the data comprise the topographic data of the research area, the distribution of various underlying surfaces and areas thereof, the current situation of land utilization, urban drainage pipe networks, the distribution of inspection wells, the distribution of lengths, diameters and buried pipe networks of all sections, soil type partition and rainfall and rain space-time distribution.
Further, the ring cutting method experiment comprises the following steps:
collecting soil samples through a ring cutter;
recording the infiltration amount of a soil sample in the cutting ring;
and performing parameter fitting on the test result data according to a Huton infiltration formula to obtain the Huton infiltration parameters.
Further, the method for collecting the soil sample by the ring cutter comprises the following steps:
preparing a clean cutting ring before sampling, leveling the ground of a sampling point, stably beating the prepared cutting ring into the soil for the next time, digging surrounding soil by an iron shovel after the soil column emerges from the upper end of the cutting ring, then taking out the cutting ring full of the soil, and removing redundant soil on two sides by using a soil cutting knife, so that the volume of the soil in the cutting ring is equal to that of the cutting ring, covering a bottom cover and a top cover, carrying out weighing in a room, taking one sample at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm respectively, and taking at least 2 samples per sampling point.
Further, the method for recording the infiltration amount of the soil sample in the cutting ring comprises the following steps:
soaking a ring cutter with undisturbed soil collected from the field in clear water for a certain time in the field, taking down a ring cutter top cover, adhering the ring cutter top cover with a clean ring cutter without a cover up and down by using adhesive tapes, placing an empty ring cutter above, placing the adhered ring cutter above a funnel for fixation, adding water into the ring cutter to keep the thickness of a water layer at a certain threshold value, and placing an empty beaker below the funnel for water receiving;
the first dripping water is dripped from the ring cutter to start timing, and the thickness of the water layer in the ring cutter is kept unchanged in the experimental process;
the amount of water penetration was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, & gt, 45, 60, 75, 90 min.
Further, the formula of the Huton hypotonic is:
f＝f c +(f 0 -f c )e -kt
wherein f represents a infiltration rate; f (f) c Represents a steady infiltration rate; f (f) 0 Indicating the initial infiltration rate; t represents the whole infiltration time; k represents a constant determined according to soil properties.
Further, the method for constructing the SWMM model comprises the following steps:
and (5) making a shp file, converting the shp file into an inp file, and importing the inp file into the SWMM.
Further, the shp file comprises a sub-catchment area file, a pipeline file, an inspection well node and an export file;
the attribute of the sub catchment area file comprises the name of the sub catchment area, the number of a rainfall station, an outlet, an area, a gradient, a width, a water-impermeable area occupation ratio, an N-water-impermeable area, an N-water-permeable area, a water-impermeable surface storage depth, a water-permeable surface storage depth, a infiltration mode and a Huton infiltration parameter
The pipeline file comprises the attributes of pipeline name, inlet, outlet, shape, maximum depth, length and Manning coefficient;
the inspection well nodes and the exit files comprise the attributes of node names, node elevations and maximum burial depths; outlet name, elevation, outflow mode.
Further, in the process of setting the area occupation ratios of construction of different sponge facilities, according to the characteristic that the impermeable surfaces are distributed on the land of a research area, according to a runoff path, the impermeable surfaces directly connected with an outlet are defined as direct impermeable surfaces, the impermeable surfaces directly connected with the permeable surfaces are not directly connected, when the directly connected impermeable surfaces exceed a certain percentage of the areas of the sub-catchment areas, sponge facilities are arranged in the sub-catchment areas, only permeable pavement is arranged on the impermeable surfaces, and the arrangement principle that rainwater gardens and concave greenbelts are arranged in greenbelts is selected.
Further, the method for obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network under different sponge facility construction schemes comprises the following steps:
determining the total flood volume V before the sponge city is not built under the condition of extreme rainfall TI The diameter flow V controlled by the sponge facility sc ；V TF -V sc Disaster-causing total overflow amount of the drainage pipe network after the sponge city is constructed;
determining node overflow duration delta t of city without sponge under extreme rainfall condition n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Overflow duration deltat of nodes after sponge city construction sc ；Δt f -Δt sc The time difference of the average duration of overflow of the drainage pipe network nodes after the construction of the sponge city is represented;
calculating the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network under different sponge urban construction schemes according to the following formula:
wherein V is sc Indicating the controlled runoff of the sponge facility; Δt (delta t) sc The overflow time of the nodes after the sponge city is constructed is represented; v (V) TF The disaster-causing total overflow amount of the drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city is represented; Δt (delta t) f -Δt sc The time difference of the average duration of overflow of the drainage pipe network nodes after the construction of the sponge city is represented; sponge city not yet built, V sc Equal to 0, deltat f Equal to deltat sc The toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is not affected by the construction of sponge cities; after construction of the sponge city, V sc Increase, Δt f -Δt sc The toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is also increased.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the method for acquiring the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city, disclosed by the application, the method for acquiring the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is quantized after the construction of the sponge city is considered, so that the change condition of the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network can be embodied under the condition of planning the construction of different sponge cities, and the problem of how to realize the optimal connection of sponge facilities and an urban drainage system is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The exemplary embodiments of the present application and the descriptions thereof are for explaining the present application and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining toughness of a municipal drainage pipe network after construction of a sponge city.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the calculation of the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after construction of the sponge city.
FIG. 3 shows the theoretical system performance curve change of the urban drainage system after construction of the sponge city.
FIG. 4 shows Chicago rainfall over a 10 minute interval for 2 hours in A.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the present application are shown, and described in detail, but are not necessarily limited to the embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The method for calculating the toughness of the urban drainage system in the present stage neglects the influence of the connection of the sponge facilities and the drainage pipe network on the toughness of the urban drainage system, and the method for obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the sponge city construction is provided by the application, so that the change condition of the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network can be embodied under the condition of different sponge city construction plans, and the problem of how to realize the optimal connection of the sponge facilities and the urban drainage system is solved.
The method for acquiring the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting data, and obtaining the Huoton soil infiltration parameters of a research area by adopting a ring cutting method experiment;
step 2, dividing sub-catchment areas by utilizing Thiessen polygons according to the distribution of the pipeline inspection wells, distributing runoffs of each sub-catchment area into corresponding pipeline inspection wells, and constructing an SWMM model;
step 3, setting the area occupation ratio of different sponge facility construction according to the SWMM model and the characteristics of the water impermeable surface distribution of a research area, and determining different sponge facility construction schemes;
and 4, obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network under different sponge facility construction schemes.
According to the method for acquiring the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city, disclosed by the application, the method for acquiring the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is quantized after the construction of the sponge city is considered, so that the change condition of the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network can be embodied under the condition of planning the construction of different sponge cities, and the problem of how to realize the optimal connection of sponge facilities and an urban drainage system is solved.
In the application, data are collected by investigation, borrowing data and other modes, wherein the data comprise the topographic data of a research area, the distribution of various underlying surfaces and the areas thereof in the current situation, the current situation of land utilization, the distribution of urban drainage pipe networks, the distribution of inspection wells, the distribution of lengths, diameters and buried pipe networks of each section, soil type partition and rainfall and rain space-time distribution.
In the application, the ring cutting method experiment comprises the following steps:
step 101, collecting a soil sample through a ring cutter;
and 102, recording the infiltration amount of the soil sample in the cutting ring.
And 103, performing parameter fitting on the test result data according to a Huoton hypotonic formula to obtain Huoton hypotonic parameters.
The method for collecting the soil sample by the ring cutter comprises the following steps:
clean volume of 100cm was prepared before sampling 3 Is provided. First, the ground of the sampling point is to beAnd (3) shoveling, namely stably beating the prepared cutting ring into the soil, digging out surrounding soil by using an iron shovel after the soil column emerges from the upper end of the cutting ring, then taking out the cutting ring full of the soil, removing redundant soil on two sides by using a soil cutting knife, enabling the volume of the soil in the cutting ring to be equal to that of the cutting ring, and finally covering a bottom cover and a top cover, carrying back to the room, weighing, and collecting one soil at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. A total of 2 samples were taken for each sampling point.
The method for recording the infiltration amount of the soil sample in the cutting ring comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of immersing a ring cutter with undisturbed soil collected from the field in clear water for 24 hours in the field, taking down a ring cutter top cover, sticking the ring cutter top cover with a clean ring cutter without a cover up and down by using adhesive tapes, and placing an empty ring cutter above. Placing the adhered ring cutter above the funnel for fixation, preparing devices such as a measuring cylinder, a stopwatch, an empty beaker and the like, adding water into the ring cutter to keep the thickness of a water layer to be 3cm, and placing the empty beaker below the funnel for receiving water;
the first dripping water is dripped from the ring cutter to start timing, and the thickness of the water layer in the ring cutter is kept unchanged in the experimental process;
the amount of water penetration was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15,..45, 60, 75, 90 min.
The formula of the Huoton hypotonic is:
f＝f c +(f 0 -f c )e -kt
wherein f represents the infiltration rate in cm/min; f (f) c The stable infiltration rate is expressed in cm/min; f (f) 0 The initial infiltration rate is expressed in cm/min; t represents the whole infiltration time, and the unit is min; k represents a constant determined by soil properties, and is dimensionless.
In the application, in step 2, the collected data is imported into a GIS, the sub-catchment areas are divided by utilizing Thiessen polygons according to the distribution of pipeline inspection wells, the runoffs of each catchment area are distributed into corresponding inspection wells, and the manufactured shp file is converted into inp files and imported into SWMM.
Specifically, the method for constructing the SWMM model comprises the following steps:
and (5) making a shp file, converting the shp file into an inp file, and importing the inp file into the SWMM.
The shp file comprises a sub-catchment area file, a pipeline file, an inspection well node and an outlet file;
the attribute of the sub-catchment area file comprises the name of the sub-catchment area, the number of a rainfall station, an outlet, an area, a gradient, a width, a water-impermeable area occupation ratio, an N-water-impermeable area, an N-water-permeable area, a water-impermeable surface storage depth, a water-permeable surface storage depth, a infiltration mode and a Huton infiltration parameter.
The pipeline file comprises the attributes of pipeline name, inlet, outlet, shape, maximum depth, length and Manning coefficient;
the inspection well nodes and the exit files comprise the attributes of node names, node elevations and maximum burial depths; outlet name, elevation, outflow mode.
In the application, in step 3, as shown in fig. 2, according to the characteristics of the distribution of the impermeable surfaces of the research area and the SWMM model, according to the radial flow path, the impermeable surface directly connected with the outlet is defined as the direct impermeable surface, the impermeable area directly connected with the permeable surface is changed into the impermeable surface indirectly connected with the impermeable surface, when the directly connected impermeable area exceeds 60% of the area of the sub-catchment area, the sub-catchment area is selected to be provided with sponge facilities, only the permeable pavement is arranged on the impermeable pavement, the arrangement principle of the rainwater garden and the concave green land in the green land is set, the area occupation ratio of different sponge facility construction is set, and different sponge facility construction schemes are determined.
In the application, in the step 4, the method for obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network under different sponge facility construction schemes comprises the following steps:
step 401, determining the total flood V before building the sponge city under the extreme rainfall condition TI In m 3 The diameter flow V controlled by the sponge facility sc In m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Disaster-causing total overflow quantity V of drainage pipe network after sponge city construction TF In m 3 。
Step 402, as shown in FIG. 3, it is determined that under extreme rainfall conditions, the sea is not being constructedNode overflow duration deltat of cotton city n The unit is h; overflow duration deltat of nodes after sponge city construction sc The unit is h; Δt (delta t) f -Δt sc And the time difference of the average duration of overflow of the drainage pipe network node after the construction of the sponge city is expressed as h.
And step 403, calculating the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network under different sponge urban construction schemes according to the following formula.
Wherein V is sc Represents the controlled runoff of the sponge facility, and the unit is m 3 ；Δt sc The overflow duration of the nodes after the sponge city construction is expressed in h; v (V) TF The total disaster-causing overflow amount of the drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city is expressed as m 3 ；Δt f -Δt sc The time difference of the average duration of overflow of the drainage pipe network node after the construction of the sponge city is expressed as h; sponge city not yet built, V sc Equal to 0, deltat f Equal to deltat sc The toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is not affected by the construction of sponge cities; after construction of the sponge city, V sc Increase, Δt f -Δt sc The toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is also increased.
In summary, the method for acquiring the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city is considered improves the calculation method of the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network in two dimensions of space and time by considering the storage capacity of the sponge facility. In the time dimension, introducing the overflow duration of the nodes of the sponge city which is not built and the overflow duration of the nodes of the sponge city after construction, obtaining the time difference of the average overflow duration of the nodes of the drainage pipe network after construction of the sponge city, and considering the runoff conveying slowed down by construction of the sponge city, so that the peak time of flood can be effectively delayed; in the space dimension, the runoff controlled by the sponge facilities and the disaster-causing total overflow of the drainage pipe network after the sponge city is constructed are introduced, the traditional 'quick drainage' mode is changed by considering the construction of the sponge city, the functions of the sponge facilities are fully utilized, and rainwater is left. The application has the advantages that: the construction of the sponge city with great demands is combined, and the influence of the sponge facilities on the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is quantified. In addition, compared with the existing sponge city hydrologic calculation method, the method comprehensively considers the influence indexes of water quantity and time into the calculation of the toughness of the city drainage pipe network, provides an optimization index for the connection of sponge facilities and the drainage pipe network, and also provides technical support for the construction of sponge cities.
In one embodiment of the application, the method of the application has been applied to urban rainfall flood management in city a, and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, collecting data such as the distribution and the area of the underlying surface of the A market, the node data of a drainage pipe network, the rainfall time distribution of 2 hours and the like, and determining the Huon soil infiltration parameters of the A market as shown in fig. 4;
table 1A market under-pad data
Table 2 value of the parameters of the hypotonic curve of hopton
And 2, dividing the catchment area into a plurality of sub catchment areas based on the method, wherein the total of the sub catchment areas is 27, 31 nodes, 31 pipelines and 7 water outlets. In the constructed SWMM model, the infiltration is calculated by using a Huton model in a hydrological module, the parameters of the SWMM model are mainly described in the table, the surface runoff is calculated according to a Manning formula, and the hydrodynamic module in pipe network simulation mainly adopts dynamic waves to calculate the water flow evolution in a pipeline.
And 3, setting 6 construction schemes in total, as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 different sponge urban construction scheme settings
Step 4, determining the total flood V before the sponge city is not built under the extreme rainfall condition TI ，m 3 The diameter flow V controlled by the sponge facility sc ，m 3 ；V TF Disaster-causing total overflow amount, m, of drainage pipe network after sponge city construction 3 ；
The model simulation can be used for obtaining various flood and time change conditions of the original scheme and the six sponge city construction schemes, and the change conditions are shown in tables 4 and 5.
Table 4 each sponge city construction scheme runoff amount analysis unit: m is m 3
Determining node overflow duration delta t of city without sponge under extreme rainfall condition n H; overflow duration deltat of nodes after sponge city construction sc ，h；Δt f -Δt sc And h, representing the time difference of the average duration of overflow of the drainage pipe network nodes after the construction of the sponge city.
Table 5 overflow time analysis units for each sponge city construction scheme: h is a
Based on the analysis of various floods and overflow time, the final result of considering the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city is obtained by a calculation formula of the toughness, and the toughness values of the scheme I to the scheme II are respectively 0.310, 0.312, 0.339, 0.347, 0.370 and 0.394.
According to the calculation method, after the sponge city is built, the calculation of the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is considered for the accumulation effect of runoffs, so that references are provided for optimizing the connection of sponge facilities and the drainage pipe network, the method has very important significance for the construction of the sponge city in China, and the method is a practical method for quantifying the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network, which accords with the construction of the sponge city in China.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The method for obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting data, and obtaining the Huoton soil infiltration parameters of a research area by adopting a ring-cutting method experiment;
dividing sub-catchment areas by utilizing Thiessen polygons according to the distribution of the pipeline inspection wells, distributing runoffs of each sub-catchment area into corresponding pipeline inspection wells, and constructing an SWMM model;
according to the SWMM model, setting the area occupation ratio of different sponge facility construction according to the characteristics of the water impermeable surface distribution of a research area, and determining different sponge facility construction schemes;
and obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network under different sponge facility construction schemes.
2. The method for obtaining toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after construction of the sponge city according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the data comprise the topographic data of a research area, the distribution of various underlying surfaces and the areas thereof, the current land utilization state, urban drainage pipe networks, the distribution of inspection wells, the distribution of lengths, diameters and buried pipe networks of each section, soil type partition and rainfall and rain space-time distribution.
3. The method for obtaining toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after construction of the sponge city according to claim 1, wherein the ring-knife method experiment comprises the following steps:
collecting soil samples through a ring cutter;
recording the infiltration amount of a soil sample in the cutting ring;
and performing parameter fitting on the test result data according to a Huton infiltration formula to obtain the Huton infiltration parameters.
4. The method for acquiring toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after construction of the sponge city according to claim 3, wherein the method for acquiring the soil sample by the ring cutter is as follows:
preparing a clean cutting ring before sampling, leveling the ground of a sampling point, stably beating the prepared cutting ring into the soil for the next time, digging surrounding soil by an iron shovel after the soil column emerges from the upper end of the cutting ring, then taking out the cutting ring full of the soil, and removing redundant soil on two sides by using a soil cutting knife, so that the volume of the soil in the cutting ring is equal to that of the cutting ring, covering a bottom cover and a top cover, carrying out weighing in a room, taking one sample at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm respectively, and taking at least 2 samples per sampling point.
5. The method for obtaining toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after construction of the sponge city according to claim 3, wherein the method for recording the infiltration amount of the soil sample in the ring cutter is as follows:
soaking a ring cutter with undisturbed soil collected from the field in clear water for a certain time in the field, taking down a ring cutter top cover, adhering the ring cutter top cover with a clean ring cutter without a cover up and down by using adhesive tapes, placing an empty ring cutter above, placing the adhered ring cutter above a funnel for fixation, adding water into the ring cutter to keep the thickness of a water layer at a certain threshold value, and placing an empty beaker below the funnel for water receiving;
the first dripping water is dripped from the ring cutter to start timing, and the thickness of the water layer in the ring cutter is kept unchanged in the experimental process;
the amount of water penetration was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, & gt, 45, 60, 75, 90 min.
6. The method for obtaining toughness of a post-construction urban drainage pipe network according to claim 3, wherein the hopton infiltration formula is:
f＝f c +(f 0 -f c )e -kt
wherein f represents a infiltration rate; f (f) c Represents a steady infiltration rate; f (f) 0 Indicating the initial infiltration rate; t represents the whole infiltration time; k represents a constant determined according to soil properties.
7. The method for obtaining toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after construction of the sponge city according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the SWMM model is as follows:
and (5) making a shp file, converting the shp file into an inp file, and importing the inp file into the SWMM.
8. The method for obtaining toughness of the urban drainage network after construction of the sponge city according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the shp file comprises a sub-catchment area file, a pipeline file, an inspection well node and an outlet file;
the attribute of the sub catchment area file comprises the name of the sub catchment area, the number of a rainfall station, an outlet, an area, a gradient, a width, a water-impermeable area occupation ratio, an N-water-impermeable area, an N-water-permeable area, a water-impermeable surface storage depth, a water-permeable surface storage depth, a infiltration mode and a Huton infiltration parameter
The pipeline file comprises the attributes of pipeline name, inlet, outlet, shape, maximum depth, length and Manning coefficient;
the inspection well nodes and the exit files comprise the attributes of node names, node elevations and maximum burial depths; outlet name, elevation, outflow mode.
9. The method for obtaining toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after construction of the sponge city according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the process of setting the area occupation ratios of different sponge facility construction, according to the characteristic of the distribution of the impermeable surfaces of the land of a research area, according to a runoff path, the impermeable surfaces directly connected with an outlet are defined as direct impermeable surfaces, the impermeable areas directly connected with the permeable surfaces are not directly connected impermeable surfaces, when the directly connected impermeable areas exceed a certain percentage of the areas of the sub-catchment areas, sponge facilities are set in the sub-catchment areas, only the permeable surfaces are paved on the impermeable surfaces, and the rainwater gardens and the concave greenbelts are paved in the greenbelts.
10. The method for obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network under different sponge facility construction schemes is as follows:
determining the total flood volume V before the sponge city is not built under the condition of extreme rainfall TI The diameter flow V controlled by the sponge facility sc ；V TF -V sc Disaster-causing total overflow amount of the drainage pipe network after the sponge city is constructed;
determining node overflow duration delta t of city without sponge under extreme rainfall condition n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Overflow duration deltat of nodes after sponge city construction sc ；Δt f -Δt sc The time difference of the average duration of overflow of the drainage pipe network nodes after the construction of the sponge city is represented;
calculating the toughness of the urban drainage pipe network under different sponge urban construction schemes according to the following formula:
wherein V is sc Indicating the controlled runoff of the sponge facility; Δt (delta t) sc The overflow time of the nodes after the sponge city is constructed is represented; v (V) TF The disaster-causing total overflow amount of the drainage pipe network after the construction of the sponge city is represented; Δt (delta t) f -Δt sc The time difference of the average duration of overflow of the drainage pipe network nodes after the construction of the sponge city is represented; sponge city not yet built, V sc Equal to 0, deltat f Equal to deltat sc The toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is not affected by sponge citiesThe influence of construction; after construction of the sponge city, V sc Increase, Δt f -Δt sc The toughness of the urban drainage pipe network is also increased.
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