CN116774446A - Head-up display and car - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a head-up display and an automobile, wherein the head-up display is arranged on a visual window and comprises: the image source comprises a first display area and a second display area; the first display area is used for emitting a first image towards the first super surface in the form of first parallel light, and the second display area is used for emitting a second image towards the second super surface in the form of second parallel light; a first super-surface for condensing and reflecting the first parallel light to the observation point so that a virtual image of the first image can be observed through the viewing window at the observation point; the observation point is used for representing the position observed by naked eyes; a second supersurface for collecting and reflecting second parallel light to a point of view so that a virtual image of a second image can be observed through a viewable window at the point of view; the first super surface and the second super surface are attached to the visual window; the distance from the first display area to the observation point of the first parallel light is larger than the distance from the second display area to the observation point of the second parallel light.

Description

Head-up display and car

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a head-up display and an automobile.

Background

The road environment change is measured in a changeable mode, and when the driver's gaze switches back and forth between the near-distance vehicle driving information in the vehicle and the real-time road condition outside the vehicle, traffic accidents are very easy to cause. By applying Head-up display (HUD), various driving information is virtually overlapped on road condition live-action, so that a driver can see key data without turning Head and lowering Head, the driver can always keep the Head-up posture, and potential safety hazards caused by eye-level switching are avoided.

However, in practical application, the head-up display device can only display information of one plane, and the display of a single plane has little stereoscopic effect, so that the device is difficult to adapt to increasing visual demands.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present application provides a head-up display and an automobile.

Specifically, the application is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a head-up display provided on a visual window, the head-up display comprising:

the image source comprises a first display area and a second display area; the first display area is used for emitting a first image towards the first super surface in the form of first parallel light, and the second display area is used for emitting a second image towards the second super surface in the form of second parallel light;

a first super-surface for condensing and reflecting the first parallel light to the observation point so that a virtual image of the first image can be observed through the viewing window at the observation point; the observation point is used for representing the position observed by naked eyes;

a second supersurface for collecting and reflecting second parallel light to a point of view so that a virtual image of a second image can be observed through a viewable window at the point of view; the first super surface and the second super surface are attached to the visual window;

wherein the distance from the first display area to the observation point of the first parallel light is larger than the distance from the second display area to the observation point of the second parallel light.

In a second aspect of the present application, there is provided an automobile comprising: the visual window is at least one of a windshield, side window glass or skylight glass; the application provides a head-up display.

Through the scheme, the application has at least the following beneficial effects:

different display areas are divided to emit different parallel light rays, a plurality of super surfaces with different refractive powers can be further designed to form different virtual images for different parallel light rays, and as the distances between observation points and the virtual images are different, the virtual images with different focal lengths can be seen when naked eyes watch from the observation points, one virtual image represents one focal plane, and the multi-focal-length display can bring stronger stereoscopic vision effect and can adapt to increasingly-growing vision requirements.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a head-up display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram illustrating the optical path of a head-up display including three super surfaces according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a visual window-down head-up display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3a is a schematic diagram of an image source including a mirror according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of an image source including a lens according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a nano-structure of a supersurface according to an exemplary embodiment of the application.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a distribution of a super-surface nanostructure in which the visible window is an arc surface according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of a subsurface nanostructure with a planar visual window, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of another subsurface nanostructure with a planar visual window, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an automobile according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with aspects of the application as detailed in the accompanying claims.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, these information should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the application. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "responsive to a determination", depending on the context.

The trend of Head-up displays (HUDs) is growing in the automotive field. This is because the HUD has significant advantages in terms of improving driving safety, providing convenient information display, and enhancing driving comfort. The HUD directly projects the key driving information into the visual field of the driver, so that the driver does not need to pay attention to view an instrument panel or other display screens, the concentration and the reaction speed of the driver are improved, and the driving safety is improved.

Meanwhile, the HUD can provide important information such as real-time navigation indication, vehicle state and warning, so that a driver can acquire required information more conveniently, and better driving experience and convenience are provided. As technology advances and costs decrease, more and more automobile manufacturers begin to install HUDs in medium and high end vehicle models, pushing their availability and popularity to increase.

Under the trend that HUD will be applied in more automobiles, the safety, convenience and comfort of driving are improved, and the direction of research is to provide more intelligent driving experience for drivers.

The inventor finds that the HUD on the market can only display one layer of picture, the visual effect presented by the HUD is poor, and the visual requirement of driving experience is difficult to meet.

The present application proposes a head-up display for the visual effect aspect of HUD, referring to fig. 1, a head-up display 10 is disposed on a visual window 11, and the head-up display 10 may include:

an image source 101, the image source 101 including a first display area 1011 and a second display area 1012; the first display area 1011 is for emitting a first image in the form of first parallel light toward the first subsurface 102, and the second display area 1012 is for emitting a second image in the form of second parallel light toward the second subsurface 103;

a first super-surface 102 for condensing and reflecting the first parallel light to the observation point 104 so that a virtual image 105 of the first image can be observed through the visual window 11 at the observation point 104; the observation point 104 is used for representing the position observed by naked eyes;

a second super surface 103 for condensing and reflecting the second parallel light to the observation point 104 so that a virtual image 106 of the second image can be observed through the visual window 11 at the observation point 104; the first and second super surfaces 102 and 103 are attached to the visible window 11;

wherein, the distance from the first display area 1011 to the observation point 104 is greater than the distance from the second display area 1012 to the observation point 104.

In the conventional HUD, reflection and collection of light are achieved through a semitransparent concave mirror, and a super surface (Metasurface) is a two-dimensional structure having a special design, which can control and adjust the phase, amplitude and polarization of an incident electromagnetic wave, thereby achieving highly customized manipulation of the electromagnetic wave, and since visible light belongs to one kind of electromagnetic wave, the super surface can deflect the direction of the visible light without increasing the thickness while maintaining a two-dimensional structure (i.e., without considering the thickness). Therefore, the super-surface material is suitable for HUDs with high requirements on space and customization.

It will be appreciated that in the above-described scheme, the distance of the first parallel light from the first display region 1011 to the observation point 104 may be understood as the distance of the virtual image 105 of the first image from the observation point 104, and similarly the distance of the second parallel light from the second display region 1012 to the observation point 104 may be understood as the distance of the virtual image 106 of the second image from the observation point 104.

In the scheme, two display areas are obtained through division, two different super surfaces are used for respectively reflecting and focusing, two different display pictures can be observed at the same observation point, different focal lengths are generated by different display pictures due to the difference in distance between the two display areas and the observation point, the plane where each picture is located can be called a focal plane, and the pictures of different focal planes are richer and more layered than those of a single picture.

The terms "first" and "second" in the present application do not denote that there are only two display areas, parallel lights, super surfaces, etc., but are understood to be a sequential order, as in fig. 2a, with three super surfaces and corresponding display areas, parallel lights and virtual images. Wherein, when discussing the reference numeral 102 and the reference numeral 103, the reference numeral 102 may refer to the reference numeral 102 as a first reference numeral and the reference numeral 103 as a second reference numeral; while discussion of the reference 103 and 104 supersurfaces may refer to the reference 103 supersurfaces as the first supersurface and the reference 104 supersurfaces as the second supersurface. The number of "first" and "second" of the display area, the parallel light, and the virtual image is not limited to two by the same thing. Therefore, when the number is not less than 2, it falls within the scope of the present application.

In an embodiment similar to fig. 2a, the third display region 1013, the third super surface 107, the virtual image 108 of the third image may also be referred to as "third" versus "second" with reference to "second" versus "first".

In addition, in the present application, the orientation of the visual window is not constant, and the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2a is a visual window oriented obliquely upward. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2b, a viewing window may be oriented obliquely downward, which can be used with an aircraft or the like. In addition, other visual windows with required directions can be adopted, such as a skylight of an automobile, and the like, and the integral head-up display can change in angle so as to adapt to different visual windows.

Because the types of information are different, the importance of the different types of information is also different, so in the embodiment scheme, in order to facilitate quick acquisition of the different types of information, the first image and the second image may belong to the different types of information. Specifically, in one embodiment, the first image and the second image belong to two of the following information types: navigation information; vehicle condition information; road information.

It will be appreciated that: navigation information, mainly providing route information and navigation service for a driver; vehicle condition information including vehicle speed, tank information, etc.; road information includes information such as a front obstacle, a sign, and a pedestrian.

In an embodiment, the image source may have three display areas, which may be used to display navigation information, vehicle condition information, and road information, respectively.

According to the scheme, a user can quickly find the required information type according to the imaging position and the imaging focal length.

Because the parallel light needs to be collected to the same observation point by different super-surfaces, the light collecting capability of the different super-surfaces is different, so that the heights of different virtual images in imaging are different, namely the imaging plane can show a space. The spacing between the two planes is an important parameter in a multi-plane display. In order to render a perfect continuous picture, the pitch of the planes needs to be made smaller to display a larger number of planes. In practice, however, displaying so many layers of pictures presents a significant challenge for display devices, zoom components, and image rendering.

In order to control the gap between the virtual images of different pictures, on the basis of the above embodiment, the minimum included angle between the line between the virtual image 105 of the first image and the observation point 104 and the line between the virtual image 106 of the second image and the observation point 104 is not greater than a preset included angle, so that the diopter required when the virtual images of the first image and the second image are observed at the observation point is not greater than 0.6D.

For ease of understanding, when imaging, there will be a space between the coverage of the virtual image 105 of the first image and the coverage of the virtual image 106 of the second image, and this space forms an angle with respect to the viewpoint, i.e. the minimum angle, as shown in fig. 2a as D1 or D2.

Because the refractive adjustment capability of naked eyes is +/-0.3D (D is diopter and represents the refractive capability), the characteristic that the effective focal depth of human eyes is only +/-0.3D is utilized, and a continuous picture display can be rendered when the distance between two adjacent planes is not more than 0.6D.

The image source for emitting light is easy to generate dust accumulation in the long-term use process, can be ignored or simply wiped for a conventional instrument, and the loss of brightness of the image source serving as a light-emitting element is not ignored, the image source is not easy to wipe, and the image source is easy to damage due to wiping.

Aiming at the technical problems, the application provides two solutions:

first, referring to fig. 3a, the image source 101 may further comprise a mirror 1014, where the mirror 1014 is configured to reflect a first parallel light to the first super surface 102 and a second parallel light to the second super surface 103.

The light outlet of the image source can face the direction which is not easy to fall ash, such as the horizontal direction in the drawing, or face downwards, so that the possibility of falling ash is reduced, meanwhile, wiping is avoided, the mirror 1014 is easy to wipe and replace, and the maintenance period is short.

Second, referring to fig. 3b, the image source 101 may further include a light-transmitting mirror 1015, where the light-transmitting mirror 1015 is disposed at the light-emitting position of the image source 101.

By adding the light-transmitting mirror 1015, dust or other dirt cannot enter the image source, so that the light-emitting element of the image source does not need to be wiped, and the light-transmitting mirror can be directly wiped when being stained and can be directly replaced if necessary.

Either of the above two schemes for avoiding the dirt can be selected, or both can be implemented, for example, in the image source of fig. 3a, the lens 1015 can be added while the reflector 1014 is provided, so as to play a role of dual guarantee.

It will be appreciated that with the addition of the mirror, the path of the light before passing through the mirror must also be calculated into the distance from the light emitting region to the point of view in order to ensure that the image is unchanged.

In the present application, the display effect of the final virtual image is the target pursued by the present application, and the optical path is reversible, so that the optical performance of the super-surface material can be shaped after the design and processing of the super-surface material is completed. Therefore, in the actual design process, the imaging light path needs to be planned according to the scheme, that is, the observation point and the imaging position are determined first, and the image source, the position of the super surface and the processing technology are reversely pushed according to the imaging light path.

The decisive factor for achieving the target optical path is that the optical performance of the super-surface is affected by structural design, material characteristics, operating wavelength, incident angle, polarization state of light, processing errors, manufacturing limitations and the like, wherein the structural design is heavy, and the performance of the super-surface is affected by the design and arrangement mode of the nano-structure. The morphology of the visual window also affects the design of the nanostructure, as the supersurface is attached to the visual window.

As shown in fig. 4, the super-surface material is composed of a substrate and nanostructures, 401 in fig. 4 represents the substrate in contact with the viewing window for receiving the nanostructures, 402, 403, 404, 405 are exemplary of several nanostructures, the different nanostructures having different optical powers.

Thus, in an embodiment, where the viewing window is an arcuate transparent material, the first supersurface comprises at least one nanostructure and the second supersurface comprises at least one nanostructure, the nanostructure being used to adjust the optical power of either the first or second supersurface.

In the above-mentioned scheme, referring to fig. 5, since the viewing window 11 is made of an arc-shaped transparent material (such as an arc-shaped windshield), the substrate and the nanostructure of the first super surface 102 are curved, so that the incident angle of light is changed for the nanostructure, and thus the light condensing effect similar to that of the concave mirror can be achieved by using only one nanostructure.

In another embodiment, when the visual window is a planar transparent material, the first supersurface comprises at least two nanostructures and the second supersurface comprises at least two nanostructures, the nanostructures being used to adjust the optical power of the first or second supersurface.

For ease of understanding, reference may be made to fig. 6, in which the viewing window 11 is planar, so that the condensing effect cannot be achieved according to the incident angle of light, and at least two nanostructures are required to condense incident parallel light after reflection.

In yet another embodiment, the visual window is a planar transparent material, and the first subsurface comprises at least one nanostructure and the second subsurface comprises at least one nanostructure for adjusting the refractive power of the first or second subsurface when the substrate of the first subsurface and the substrate of the second subsurface are both arcuate.

Referring to the first two embodiments, as can be seen from fig. 7, although the visible window is a plane, since the substrate is configured to be arc-shaped in the embodiment, the nanostructure thereon also changes correspondingly, so that even if a structure is adopted, after reasonable layout, light collection occurs due to different incident angles of light received by each nanostructure.

The above embodiments may be selected to be performed, and in some embodiments, the above embodiments may be combined to enhance the optical power of the super surface.

In addition to the kind of the nanostructure, the arrangement manner of the nanostructure may be designed to conform to the expected optical path, and specifically, the phase of the first super surface may be calculated by the following formula:

wherein (x) ₁ ,y ₁ ) Is the distance from any position on the first hypersurface array to the center point of the hypersurface, f ₁ Is the focal length, lambda, of the first subsurface equivalent focusing lens ₁ Is the wavelength of the incident beam (i.e. the wavelength of the first parallel light) and alpha is the diffraction angle of the beam.

When calculating other hypersurfaces, the corresponding modification (x ₁ ,y ₁ ) F ₁ The value of lambda is ₁ And alpha does not change when the image sources are uniform, and no additional value is needed.

In the present application, the image source may employ at least one of the following micro-displays:

DLP (Digital Light Processing ),

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display ),

LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon, liquid crystal on silica),

an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode),

Micro-LEDs (Micro-Light Emitting Diode, micro light emitting diodes).

Accordingly, referring to fig. 8, the present application also provides a vehicle 80, the vehicle 80 may include:

a visible window 11, wherein the visible window 11 is at least one of a windshield, a side window or a skylight glass;

and a heads-up display 10 in any embodiment of the present application.

On this basis, the image source may be mounted on the instrument desk of the automobile in order to achieve a good imaging position.

While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any application or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features of specific embodiments of particular applications. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. On the other hand, the various features described in the individual embodiments may also be implemented separately in the various embodiments or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, although features may be acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, although operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system modules and components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

Thus, particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings are not necessarily required to be in the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like to be made within the spirit and principles of the application.

Claims (10)

1. A head-up display, wherein the head-up display is disposed on a visual window, the head-up display comprising:

the image source comprises a first display area and a second display area; the first display area is used for emitting a first image towards the first super surface in the form of first parallel light, and the second display area is used for emitting a second image towards the second super surface in the form of second parallel light;

the first super-surface is used for gathering and reflecting the first parallel light to a observing point so that a virtual image of the first image can be observed through the visual window at the observing point; the observation point is used for representing the position observed by naked eyes;

the second super surface is configured to collect and reflect the second parallel light to the observation point, so that a virtual image of the second image can be observed through the visual window at the observation point; the first and second super-surfaces are attached to the visual window;

wherein the distance from the first display area to the observation point of the first parallel light is greater than the distance from the second display area to the observation point of the second parallel light.

2. The head-up display of claim 1, wherein the display is configured to display the plurality of images,

the image source further comprises a reflector for reflecting the first parallel light to the first super surface and the second parallel light to the second super surface;

and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the image source also comprises a light transmission lens, and the light transmission lens is arranged at the light emitting position of the image source.

3. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein when the visual window is an arcuate transparent material, the first subsurface includes at least one nanostructure and the second subsurface includes at least one nanostructure for adjusting the optical power of the first or second subsurface.

4. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein when the visual window is a planar transparent material, the first supersurface comprises at least two nanostructures and the second supersurface comprises at least two nanostructures, the nanostructures being used to adjust the optical power of the first or second supersurface.

5. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein when the viewing window is a planar transparent material and the base of the first subsurface and the base of the second subsurface are both arcuate, the first subsurface includes at least one nanostructure and the second subsurface includes at least one nanostructure for adjusting the optical power of the first subsurface or the second subsurface.

6. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein the first image and the second image are of two of the following information types:

navigation information; vehicle condition information; road information.

7. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein a minimum included angle between a line between the virtual image of the first image and the point of view and a line between the virtual image of the second image and the point of view is not greater than a preset included angle such that a diopter required to observe the virtual image of the first image and the virtual image of the second image at the point of view is not greater than 0.6D.

8. The heads-up display of claim 1 wherein the image source employs at least one of the following micro-displays:

DLP，LCD，LCoS，OLED，Micro-LED。

9. an automobile, the automobile comprising:

a visual window, which is at least one of a windshield, side window glass or skylight glass;

the heads-up display of any of claims 1-8.

10. The vehicle of claim 9, wherein the image source is mounted to an instrument desk of the vehicle.