CN116755749A - On-board MCU upgrading method, on-board MCU, board card and information processing system - Google Patents

On-board MCU upgrading method, on-board MCU, board card and information processing system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116755749A
CN116755749A CN202310675235.XA CN202310675235A CN116755749A CN 116755749 A CN116755749 A CN 116755749A CN 202310675235 A CN202310675235 A CN 202310675235A CN 116755749 A CN116755749 A CN 116755749A
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China
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mcu
board
upgrading
upgrade
program
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薛兆井
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Beijing Armyfly Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Armyfly Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202310675235.XA priority Critical patent/CN116755749A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/60—Software deployment
    • G06F8/65—Updates
    • G06F8/654—Updates using techniques specially adapted for alterable solid state memories, e.g. for EEPROM or flash memories
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
    • G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
    • G06F11/1004—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's to protect a block of data words, e.g. CRC or checksum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/382—Information transfer, e.g. on bus using universal interface adapter
    • G06F13/385—Information transfer, e.g. on bus using universal interface adapter for adaptation of a particular data processing system to different peripheral devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F2213/0002—Serial port, e.g. RS232C

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Stored Programmes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an on-board MCU (micro control unit) upgrading method, an on-board MCU, an on-board card and an information processing system, wherein the on-board MCU upgrading method is applied to the on-board MCU of the on-board card, a storage area of the MCU comprises a guide area, an operation program area and an upgrading program area, and the method comprises the following steps: executing a boot program stored in the boot area, and judging whether the MCU meets upgrading conditions or not; if yes, covering the current running program stored in the running program area with the upgrading program stored in the upgrading program area as a new current running program; and executing the new current running program in the running program area. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the on-line upgrading of the MCU program of the service board can be realized on the existing I2C bus, the MCU program is upgraded through a serial port or JTAG interface without plugging the service board out of the tool, the application scene of on-line upgrading is realized on the premise of not interrupting the operation of the service board, and the upgrading efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

On-board MCU upgrading method, on-board MCU, board card and information processing system
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of software upgrading, in particular to an on-board MCU upgrading method, an on-board MCU, a board card and an information processing system.
Background
The BMC full name Baseboard Manage Controller is an embedded management microcontroller, and is responsible for managing interfaces between system management software and platform hardware, can manage indexes such as power supply, temperature, voltage and current of a system, and can control a main CPU to reset when the system is in a dead state, so that the BMC is a guarantee for normal operation of the whole system. Many dedicated BMC chips are now derived, but many times this role is played by an MCU (micro control unit, microcontroller Unit).
IPMI is commonly referred to as Intelligent Platform Management Interface, which specifies that BMC manage power, temperature, voltage, current, etc. performance through a specific interface, and that management of such information is accomplished through an I2C bus, i.e., in accordance with the so-called IPMI specification.
Because the main control board and the service board communicate through the backboard, the BMC controller is positioned close to the backboard. The main control board and the service boards are packaged by the shell, and service lamps and service ports are reserved only at the positions of the front panels. Therefore, in the prior art, the MCU upgrades of the main control board and the service board are generally realized by plugging the board card on the tool after pulling out the board card, and the MCU program is upgraded through the serial port or JTAG interface, so that in many customer occasions, the equipment is not hoped to interrupt the service in progress.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an on-board MCU upgrading method, an on-board MCU, an on-board card and an information processing system, so as to realize on-line MCU upgrading and meet the requirement of realizing on-line upgrading application scenes on the premise of not interrupting the operation of the on-board card.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an on-board MCU upgrading method, applied to an on-board MCU of a board card, where a storage area of the MCU includes a boot area, an operating program area, and an upgrading program area, where the method includes: executing a boot program stored in the boot area, and judging whether the MCU meets upgrading conditions or not; if yes, covering the current running program stored in the running program area with the upgrading program stored in the upgrading program area as a new current running program; and executing the new current running program in the running program area.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the storage area of the MCU further includes an additional information area for storing additional information, the additional information including an upgrade flag, and the method for determining whether the MCU satisfies an upgrade condition by executing a boot program of the boot area includes:
reading the additional information stored in the additional information area by executing a boot program of the boot area;
Judging whether an upgrading mark exists in the additional information area;
if yes, determining that the upgrading condition is met;
if not, determining that the upgrading condition is not met;
wherein, the upgrade mark is one of the following forms:
the upgrading mark is one bit of information;
the upgrade mark is one or more byte information, and the byte information is also used for indicating slot position information of the board card;
the upgrade flag is a specific preset byte sequence.
In an embodiment of the present invention, before the step of executing the new current running distance in the running program area, the method further includes: acquiring or generating reset information; and resetting the MCU according to the reset information.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the additional information further includes first check information and auxiliary information, where the first check information is used to indicate consistency of the upgrade program, and the auxiliary information is used to indicate upgrade times, and after the step of overlaying the upgrade program stored in the upgrade program area on the current running program stored in the running program area, the method includes: checking the new current running program to generate second checking information; judging whether the second check information is identical to the first check information; if yes, deleting the upgrading mark in the additional information; if not, updating the auxiliary information in the additional information, and re-covering the upgrading program stored in the upgrading program area with the current running program stored in the running program area.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the on-board MCU is an on-board MCU of a main control board in a system including the main control board and a service board, the method further includes: receiving the upgrade program and the additional information sent by an onboard CPU of the main control board; storing the upgrade program to the upgrade program area, and storing the additional information to the additional information area.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a first data transmission channel is provided between the MCU and the on-board CPU, and the first data transmission channel is used for implementing communication between the MCU and the on-board CPU.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the additional information further includes slot information, and the method further includes:
after determining that the upgrading condition is met, acquiring the slot position information;
determining whether the slot information points to the main control board;
if yes, the main control board MCU executes an upgrading step;
if not, the main control board MCU sends the upgrade program firmware and the additional information to a target service board MCU through the second data transmission channel for the target service board MCU to execute an upgrade step;
the second data transmission channel is a data transmission channel between the main control board MCU and the target service board MCU.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the main control board MCU sends the upgrade program firmware and the additional information to the target service board MCU through the second data transmission channel, and after the target service board MCU performs the upgrade step, the method further includes: receiving upgrade result information returned by the target service board MCU through the second data transmission channel; and deleting an upgrading mark in the main control board MCU additional information when the upgrading result information indicates that the service board MCU is successfully upgraded.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the on-board MCU is an on-board MCU of a target service board in a system including a main control board and a service board, a second data transmission channel is provided between the service board and the main control board, where the target service board is a service board to be upgraded determined by the main control board MCU, the method further includes: a target service board MCU in the service board receives upgrade program firmware and additional information sent by the main control board MCU through a second data transmission channel, and stores the upgrade program firmware and the additional information in an upgrade program area and an additional information area of the target service board; the target service board MCU executes an upgrading step; the second data transmission channel is a data transmission channel between the main control board MCU and the target service board MCU.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an on-board MCU, which may be upgraded using an on-board MCU upgrade method as described above.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a board on which the MCU as described above is provided.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an information processing system, including a main control board and a service board, where the main control board and/or the service board adopt the board card as described above.
According to the technical scheme, the on-line upgrading of the service board MCU program can be realized on the existing I2C bus, the target service board to be upgraded is determined according to the slot position information, and the upgrading content is copied to the operation program area of the service board, so that the on-line upgrading of the service board MCU is realized, the service board is not required to be plugged into a tool after being pulled out, the MCU program is upgraded through a serial port or JTAG interface, the requirement of on-line upgrading application scene is met on the premise that the operation board card service is not interrupted, and the upgrading efficiency is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an IPMI architecture in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of an upgrade method of an on-board MCU according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a data structure of an I2C protocol according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a memory area of an on-board MCU according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a main control board according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an upgrade process of a main control board according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an upgrade procedure of a service board according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not limiting of embodiments of the invention. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings.
For ease of understanding, the main implementation concept of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described first.
IPMI is an abbreviation for intelligent platform management interface (Intelligent Platform Management Interface), an industry standard adopted to manage peripheral devices used in Intel-based enterprise systems, and is defined by Intel, hewlett-packard, NEC, us dell computers, superMicro, etc. The user may monitor physical health characteristics of the server, such as temperature, voltage, fan operating status, power status, etc., using IPMI.
The core of IPMI is a dedicated chip/controller (commonly referred to as a server processor or Baseboard Management Controller (BMC)) that operates independently of the server's processor, BIOS, or operating system. The BMC can be regarded as a single agent-free management subsystem running in the system, and can start working only by the BMC and the IPMI firmware, and generally, the core of the BMC is an independent MCU single chip system installed on a main control board or a service board card, and an IPMI firmware program is installed in the single chip system. Based on the independent operation characteristic of the IPMI, the limitation of the traditional management mode based on the operating system is overcome, for example, the operation system can still perform operations such as startup and shutdown, reading of underlying hardware information and the like under the condition that the operating system does not respond or is not loaded. In operation, all IPMI functions are completed by sending commands to the BMC, which uses instructions specified in the IPMI specification, and the BMC receives and records event messages in the system event log, maintaining a record of sensor data describing the sensor conditions in the system. The BMC may be considered as a complete set of underlying management system of, for example, a server board, and all underlying hardware is managed by the BMC in a unified manner from the time the server board is powered on.
The inventor finds out the technical defects in the prior background art, and hopefully can find a technology which can realize on-line upgrade of MCU (i.e. update MCU firmware and upgrade of running program in the MCU) on the basis of not interrupting the running service. Based on the method, the inventor creatively provides a method for realizing online upgrade of the MCU program of the service board on the existing I2C bus without plugging the service board on a tool after unplugging the service board, and realizing online upgrade of the MCU program of the main control board through a serial port or JTAG interface (Joint Test Action Group), thereby realizing the requirement of realizing online upgrade of the application scene of the MCU on the premise of not interrupting the operation of the board card service.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a main control board and N (N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1) service boards are connected together through an I2C bus to form a bus topology structure. The BMC of the main control board establishes communication with each service board through the I2C bus, sends command messages to each service board, and obtains message messages returned by each service board, including manufacturer equipment messages, heartbeat messages, reading temperature messages, reading voltage messages, service information messages, alarm information messages, state information messages and the like, and reads specific information of each chip or key module in each service board.
As shown in fig. 1, the system architecture adopting the I2C bus includes a main control board and a plurality of service boards, where the main control board communicates with each service board by polling each service board. In particular to the application scenario of the patent, the main control board and each service board communicate IPMI information through an I2C bus.
Specifically, the main control board and the service board are both provided with MCU chip systems, namely a micro control unit (Micro Controller Unit), also called a singlechip (Single Chip Microcomputer), which integrates CPU, storage and peripheral functions into a chip-level computer with control functions on a single chip, and has the characteristics of simple system structure, high reliability, strong processing functions, low voltage and power consumption, strong environment adaptability and the like.
The MCU works in such a way that the process of pre-storing instructions is executed one by one, and different types of MCU have different instruction systems. In order for a single-chip function to automatically perform a particular task, the problem to be solved must be programmed into a series of instructions, which must be identified and executed by a single function, so that the set of instructions becomes a program that needs to be pre-stored in memory with storage capabilities. In particular, the memory may be a read-write memory RAM (random access memory) structure, or an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory). The running program of the MCU (e.g., firmware of the IPMI) is generally preset in the memory by means of burning, and cannot realize online update when the MCU runs.
Because the program is executed sequentially, the instructions in the program are also stored one by one, the MCU extracts and executes the instructions one by one when executing the program, and the MCU must have the function of tracking the storage unit where the instructions are located, the program counter PC (including the CPU) is the part, when the program starts to run, the PC is allocated to the storage unit of each instruction in the program and executes the instructions one by one, the content in the PC is automatically increased, the increment is determined by the length of the instructions, and each point to the starting address of the next instruction, so that the sequential execution of the instructions is ensured.
Because the master control board and the service board, the BMC controller is located close to the back board, and the BMC controller also communicates through the back board. The main control board and the service boards are packaged by the shell, and service lamps and service ports are reserved only at the positions of the front panel, and because the area of the front panel of the service boards is smaller, the positions of serial port management are generally difficult to reserve for each service board, not to mention JTAG interfaces required by MCU programming are reserved. The system design generally reserves a serial port on the main control board as a management serial port of the whole chassis. Therefore, the MCU of the service board is generally upgraded by plugging the service board on a tool and upgrading the MCU program through a serial port or JTAG interface, and in many customer occasions, the equipment is often not hoped to interrupt the service in progress.
In order to solve the problem that in the prior art, when the MCU of the existing service board is upgraded, the service board is required to be plugged into a tool after being unplugged, and the MCU program is upgraded through a serial port or JTAG interface, so that the service of the on-board card is interrupted.
According to the technical scheme, the on-line upgrading of the MCU program of the service board can be realized on the existing I2C bus, the target service board to be upgraded is determined according to the slot position information, and the upgrading content is copied to the running program area of the service board, so that the on-line upgrading of the service board is realized, the service board is not required to be plugged into a tool after being pulled out, the MCU program is upgraded through a serial port or JTAG interface, the requirement of on-line upgrading application scenes on the premise of not interrupting the running of the board card service is met, and the upgrading efficiency is effectively improved.
Example 1
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of an on-board MCU upgrading method in a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the first embodiment provides an on-board MCU upgrading method, which is applied to an on-board MCU of a board card, where a storage area of the MCU includes a boot area, an operation program area, and an upgrading program area.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, in order to ensure successful upgrading, the single-chip microcomputer MCU divides the internal FLASH area of the MCU into five parts, namely a boot area, a configuration data area, an operation program area, an upgrading program area and an additional information area; the guiding area judges whether to copy the content of the upgrading program area to the running program area or not by judging the content of the additional information area, so that online upgrading is realized; the configuration data area is used for storing some permanent contents to be stored of the MCU so that the MCU can normally run before and after upgrading; after the normal boot area is operated, the normal boot area jumps to the operation program area to perform normal function operation; the upgrade program area is where the upgrade program file is stored, and the running program monitors the I2C data and then stores upgrade contents obtained from the I2C data in the upgrade program area.
The upgrading method of the on-board MCU comprises the following steps:
step S100, executing a boot program stored in the boot area, and judging whether the MCU meets upgrading conditions or not;
step S200, if yes, covering the upgrade program stored in the upgrade program area with the current operation program stored in the operation program area to serve as a new current operation program;
Step S300, executing the new current running program in the running program area.
Specifically, after the MCU is powered on or restarted, the MCU itself is initialized, for example, the operation of clearing a register is performed, which is an intrinsic starting action of the MCU itself; then, the program jumps to the designated program position and executes the designated program. In this embodiment, after the MCU completes initialization, the MCU jumps to execute a boot program of the boot area, where the boot program includes a code related to an upgrade behavior, and executes the boot area program code, and reads the content in the additional information area, so as to determine whether an upgrade condition is satisfied; if the upgrade condition is met, the MCU covers the current running program stored in the running program area with the upgrade program stored in the upgrade program area as a new current running program; then the MCU executes a new current running program in the running program area, namely running an upgrading program, so that the MCU is upgraded online; if the upgrade condition is judged not to be met, the MCU continues to execute the current running program (not covering the upgrade program) stored in the running program area.
Based on the analysis, the MCU automatically copies the upgrade program to the operation program area by executing the bootstrap program in the operation process, and executes the new upgrade program in the subsequent operation process, thereby realizing the online upgrade of the service board MCU without stopping the service operation of the service board, plugging the service board on a tool after being unplugged, and upgrading the MCU program through a serial port or JTAG interface, thereby meeting the requirement of realizing online upgrade of application scenes without interrupting the operation of the board card service, and effectively improving the upgrade efficiency.
In this embodiment, the storage area of the MCU further includes an additional information area for storing additional information, the additional information including an upgrade flag;
the method for executing the boot program of the boot area and judging whether the MCU meets the upgrade condition comprises the following steps:
reading the additional information stored in the additional information area by executing a boot program of the boot area;
judging whether an upgrading mark exists in the additional information area;
if yes, determining that the upgrading condition is met;
if not, determining that the upgrading condition is not met;
wherein, the upgrade mark is one of the following forms:
the upgrading mark is one bit of information;
the upgrade mark is one or more byte information, and the byte information is also used for indicating slot position information of the board card;
the upgrade flag is a specific preset byte sequence.
Specifically, the additional information area is used for storing additional information required by the running or upgrading of the MCU, and comprises an upgrading mark for indicating whether upgrading conditions are met. The upgrade mark is used for indicating whether the MCU enters an upgrade state after the MCU is electrified or restarted. The upgrade flag may be set in various ways, for example, a first way: whether or not to upgrade is indicated by a bit, e.g., 1 is upgrade and 0 is not upgrade; mode two: a byte or a plurality of bytes are used for representing the slot number, and when the stored upgrading mark means the number of a certain slot, the board card corresponding to the slot is upgraded; when the stored upgrading mark is displayed as all 1, indicating that all the boards are not upgraded; in a third mode, a specific preset byte sequence (for example, 0xAA5555AAA 55A) may be used to indicate upgrade, and other byte sequences indicate no upgrade.
Because the MCU is mainly used for managing the underlying hardware in the board, when the board is a service board, the board may not use an Operating System (e.g. windows Operating System) facing the user, such as a special information processing board based on FPGA (field programmable gate array), or the board is not in an Operating state although the board uses an Operating System facing the user, at this time, the user cannot perform online upgrade operation on the MCU of the board through the Operating System of the board, so in the present invention, the MCU of the main control board may communicate with the MCU to implement online upgrade of the service board MCU. At this time, the upgrade process of the main control board can be completed by the operation system of the main control board directly communicating with the main control board MCU, and the upgrade of the MCU of the service board is completed by communicating with the main control board MCU by the operation system first and then communicating with the service board MCU by the main control board MCU through a back board special information channel (such as an I2C bus). At this time, the main control board needs to know the position (for example, slot information) of the service board to be upgraded, so in the second embodiment, the upgrade flag may be set to the slot information, thereby implementing two functions of simultaneously indicating whether to upgrade and the position of the board card (slot) to be upgraded. As the first mode and the third mode, it is also necessary to additionally set the card position or slot position information in the additional information.
In this embodiment, before the step of executing the boot program of the boot area, the method further includes:
acquiring or generating reset information;
and resetting the MCU according to the reset information.
Specifically, according to the previous step, after the MCU updates the upgrade program of the running program area, the pointer of the MCU still points to the boot area, i.e. the boot area program is still running, and some programs such as initializing, checking programs, updating upgrade flags, etc. are run. After the program related to the upgrade is completely executed, the MCU restarts to still operate the boot sector program, and the MCU is shifted to the upgrade program in the execution operation program area after the execution of the boot sector program is completed because the upgrade mark is not updated in the previous operation process, so that the MCU completes the upgrade. The reset signal of the MCU restart can be realized by the following method: firstly, after the MCU executes the boot program in the first round, automatically generating a restarting signal so as to finish self-restarting, wherein the method does not consider the running state of the board card service and has the risk of interfering the running of the board card service; secondly, a restarting signal is obtained from the outside, for example, aiming at a main control board MCU, the restarting signal can be generated through a program running in the main control board CPU, and the program running in the CPU can ensure that the resetting signal is sent out at a proper time, so that the influence on the service running of the board card is avoided; for the service board MCU, the reset signal can be sent out through the main control board MCU, or the reset signal can be generated through a program operated by the main control board CPU, and the reset signal is transferred to the service board MCU through the main control board MCU, so that the function of not interfering with the service operation of the service board can be realized. Based on the analysis, after the MCU copies the upgrade program to the operation program area, the MCU needs to be reset, so that the MCU can execute a new current operation program (upgrade program) in the operation program area, further, the on-line upgrade of the MCU is realized, the service board is not required to be plugged into a tool after being pulled out, the MCU program is upgraded through a serial port or JTAG interface, the requirement of on-line upgrade application scene is met on the premise of not interrupting the operation board card service, and the upgrade efficiency is effectively improved.
In this embodiment, the additional information further includes first check information and auxiliary information, where the first check information is used to indicate consistency of the upgrade procedure, the auxiliary information is used to indicate upgrade times, and after step S200, the method includes: checking the new current running program to generate second checking information; judging whether the second check information is identical to the first check information; if yes, deleting the upgrading mark in the additional information; if not, updating the auxiliary information in the additional information, and re-covering the upgrading program stored in the upgrading program area with the current running program stored in the running program area.
Specifically, the check information is used for ensuring consistency of the upgrade program, the auxiliary information is used for counting upgrade error times, and when the upgrade error times reach a threshold value, the upgrade is confirmed to be unsuccessful.
In this embodiment, after the MCU copies the upgrade program in the upgrade program area to the operation program area, firstly, checking (for example, CRC check) the content in the operation program area to generate second check information (for example, a second CRC check value), comparing the second check information with first check information (for example, a first CRC check value) pre-stored in the additional information, if the second check information is consistent with the first check information, confirming that the upgrade program is copied successfully, then clearing the upgrade flag in the additional information, and entering a subsequent upgrade step; if the second check information is inconsistent with the first check information in the additional information, the fact that the firmware copy is not successful is indicated, and the auxiliary information representing the upgrading times in the additional information is updated. Meanwhile, the reason for the unsuccessful copy of the upgrade firmware may be that the firmware program received by the MCU has errors, or that the copy process has errors, so as to improve the success rate of the upgrade, the upgrade copy operation may be tried again, that is, the content in the upgrade program area may be copied to the corresponding running program area again or multiple times again until the verification is successful, or the failure times reach the threshold value.
As a preferred technical solution, the check information may be a CRC check value of the firmware program, and the CRC check value and the firmware program are received simultaneously as the first check information. In the upgrading process, CRC check is carried out on the new current running program, the obtained second CRC check value is used as second check information, and whether copy upgrading is successful or not is determined by comparing the second CRC check value with the first CRC check value. As another preferable technical scheme, the verification information may also be length information of the firmware, and the MCU receives the length information and the firmware program at the same time, as the first verification information. In the upgrading process, firstly, the actual length of the firmware program is detected and used as second checking information, and when the actual length of the firmware is different from the length indicated by the received checking information, the unsuccessful upgrading is confirmed. As another preferable solution, the second verification information may also be a maximum storage space capacity (for example, 256 KB) of the running program area, and if the firmware program length is greater than 256KB, it indicates that the upgrade is unsuccessful.
When the MCU covers the current running program stored in the running program area, the MCU resets, so that the MCU can execute a new current running program in the running program area, and because the MCU resets, the MCU can confirm the upgrading mark in the additional information area, if the upgrading mark exists, the MCU enters the upgrading mode, if the upgrading mark does not exist, the MCU does not enter the upgrading mode, and the current running program is normally run, so that in order to avoid the situation, after the MCU covers the current running program stored in the running program area with the upgrading program stored in the upgrading program area, the upgrading mark in the additional information area is deleted, so that the MCU can normally perform upgrading after being reset.
In order to avoid the MCU entering the cyclic upgrade mode, after the upgrade program is covered to the running program area, a step of deleting the upgrade mark in the additional information area is added, so that the problem that the copy action is repeatedly executed in the upgrade process to cause dead cycle is avoided.
In this embodiment, when the on-board MCU is an on-board MCU of a main control board in a system including the main control board and a service board, the method further includes:
receiving the upgrade program and the additional information sent by an onboard CPU of the main control board;
storing the upgrade program to the upgrade program area, and storing the additional information to the additional information area.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the board card is a main control board, and devices such as a CPU and the like are further arranged on the main control board, and are used for running an operating system facing a user, and have a function of interacting with the user. Meanwhile, data communication can be realized between the CPU and the MCU, and the CPU and the MCU are used for configuring the MCU by a user through an operating system or acquiring the running information of the MCU. In this embodiment, an upgrade tool software with a visual interface is run in an operating system, the software runs in a CPU, and according to an operation instruction of a user, upgrade program firmware and additional information related to online upgrade of the MCU are sent to the MCU; after the MCU receives the content, the upgrade program is stored in the upgrade program area, and the additional information is stored in the additional information area, so that the data preparation work of the MCU online upgrade can be considered to be completed. After the data preparation is completed, the MCU is reset and restarted or after the next starting, the MCU automatically executes the boot sector program and executes the corresponding online upgrading step. The reset and restart signal of the MCU may be sent by the CPU or may be automatically generated by the MCU, which is similar to the foregoing description, and will not be repeated here.
In this embodiment, a first data transmission channel is provided between the MCU and the on-board CPU, where the first data transmission channel is used to implement communication between the MCU and the on-board CPU.
Specifically, a first data transmission channel is arranged between the MCU and the on-board CPU to realize an information transmission and exchange function. Typically, the data transmission channel follows the ipmi protocol format, for example using a UART serial data bus structure. In this embodiment, the first data transmission channel is mainly used for the CPU to send upgrade program firmware, additional information data, and the like to the MCU.
In this embodiment, the additional information further includes slot information, and the method further includes:
after determining that the upgrading condition is met, acquiring the slot position information;
determining whether the slot information points to a main control board;
if yes, the main control board MCU executes an upgrading step;
if not, the main control board MCU transmits the upgrade program firmware and the additional information to the target service board MCU through a second data transmission channel, and the main control board MCU is used for the target service board MCU to execute the upgrade step;
the second data transmission channel is a data transmission channel between the main control board MCU and the service board MCU.
Specifically, the slot information is used for indicating which main control board or service board needs to be upgraded, and the slot information is determined by upgrade tool software in the operating system according to user operation. After receiving the upgrade program firmware and the additional information data sent by the CPU, the main control board MCU firstly stores the upgrade program firmware and the additional information in an upgrade program area and an additional information area of the main control board MCU, reads the slot information stored in the additional information area after confirming that the upgrade condition is met, and judges whether the slot information points to the main control board itself. The slot information may be a slot number, an identification number of a board card, or other contents, and should be regarded as the same or equivalent technical features as long as the slot information plays the same role as that described in the present embodiment. When the slot information indicates that the local main control board is updated, the main control board MCU executes the MCU updating step. When the slot information indicates that other service board MCU upgrades, the main control board sends the upgrade program firmware and the additional information to the target service board MCU through the second data transmission channel, and the target service board MCU executes the upgrade step. The second data transmission channel is a data transmission channel between the main control board MCU and the service board MCU, such as an I2C bus. The purpose of adopting the second data transmission channel to transmit the upgrade program firmware and the additional information is to consider that the service board may adopt a non-user oriented operating system (for example, an FPGA-based information processing dedicated board), or although the service board adopts a user oriented operating system, the operating system is not in a running state, and at this time, the user cannot perform online upgrade operation on the MCU of the board through the operating system of the board, so in this embodiment, the MCU of the main control board communicates with the MCU through the second data transmission channel, thereby implementing online upgrade of the MCU of the service board.
In this embodiment, the main control board MCU sends the upgrade program firmware and the additional information to the target service board MCU through the second data transmission channel, and after the target service board MCU performs the upgrade step, the method further includes:
receiving upgrade result information returned by the target service board MCU through the second data transmission channel;
and deleting an upgrading mark in the main control board MCU additional information when the upgrading result information indicates that the service board MCU is successfully upgraded.
Specifically, after the service board MCU is upgraded, two results of success and failure of the upgrade may occur. In order to realize feedback of the service board upgrading result to the user, the service board MCU can firstly transmit the service board upgrading result to the main control board MCU through the second data transmission channel, and then the main control board MCU is transferred and transmitted to the main control board operating system. After the upgrade of the service board MCU is finished, when the upgrade is successful (for example, the copy of an operation program area is finished and the verification is passed, or the service board MCU is normally operated after the upgrade is restarted), the service board MCU sends the result information of the upgrade success to the main control board MCU, and the main control board MCU deletes an upgrade mark in the additional information of the main control board MCU, so that the aim is to determine that the upgrade process of the main control board is finished and avoid the dead cycle of the upgrade step executed by the MCU every time the MCU is started; secondly, when the main control board operating system inquires the upgrade state, the upgrade success can be determined after the main control board upgrade mark is deleted.
In this embodiment, when the on-board MCU is an on-board MCU of a target service board in a system including a main control board and a service board, a second data transmission channel is disposed between the service board and the main control board, where the target service board is a service board to be upgraded determined by the on-board MCU of the main control board, and the method further includes:
a target service board MCU in the service board receives upgrade program firmware and additional information sent by the main control board MCU through a second data transmission channel, and stores the upgrade program firmware and the additional information in an upgrade program area and an additional information area of the target service board;
the target service board MCU executes an upgrading step;
the second data transmission channel is a data transmission channel between the main control board MCU and the service board MCU.
Specifically, the target service board is determined by the main control board MCU according to the slot position information. After the master control MCU determines the target service board to be upgraded according to the slot position information, the upgrade program firmware and the additional information are sent to the target service board through a second data transmission channel (such as an I2C bus), and the target service board executes the upgrade step. The upgrading process or behavior of the target service board is not limited by the service board, that is, no matter whether the service board runs an operating system or not, no matter whether the service board runs a service or not, the service board is only installed on a slot and connected with the equipment backboard, and the service board MCU is in a power-on state, so that the whole upgrading process can be completed. As a preferred implementation manner, after the target service board MCU is upgraded, the upgrade result information is fed back to the main control board MCU through the second data transmission channel, and the main control board MCU updates the upgrade flag in the additional information of the main control board MCU.
In this embodiment, the target service board further receives an upgrade instruction sent by the main control board MCU through the second data transmission channel. The upgrade instruction comprises an online upgrade mode entering instruction and a previous upgrade mode exiting instruction, and the upgrade instruction is used for indicating the MCU to enter an upgrade mode and exit the upgrade mode.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the MCU hardware used has a function of automatically rewriting the running program area on line (during running). However, since the MCU is a core component of the BMC, once an error occurs in the operation of the MCU, there is a possibility that the running program area is unexpectedly rewritten, thereby causing a malfunction in the firmware of the MCU. In order to avoid the occurrence probability of the unexpected situations, the MCU can be modified to increase a physical running state and an upgrade mode running state. When the running state enters the upgrade mode, the MCU allows the program codes of the running program area to be covered or rewritten, and when the running state exits the upgrade mode, the MCU does not allow the program codes to be rewritten. Thus, by setting the running state of the MCU, erroneous overwriting of running program area data can be avoided. The instruction for changing the running state of the MCU may be set in the data frame of the second data transmission channel, and exist as a separate physical instruction.
As a specific embodiment, the second data transmission channel is an I2C bus structure. As shown in fig. 3, the format of an I2C bus DATA Frame used in the present embodiment is different from the prior art in that the first set of DATA information (DATA) or the first set and the subsequent sets of DATA information (DATA) are used as Frame Index information (Frame Index) for carrying and transmitting an upgrade instruction, S represents a Frame start signal, and Slave Addr represents a Slave address (target service board address), R/W:1 indicates reading (the message fed back by the service board received by the main control board is read only), 0 indicates writing (the main control board sends data to the service board is write only), a indicates a response signal, and P indicates an end signal. As a more preferable embodiment, the additional information may also be carried in the frame index information to improve transmission efficiency. Specifically, the upgrade instruction may be preset, and as an exemplary scheme, the following is adopted:
when the first byte is 0xFF (namely hexadecimal byte information, the byte content is 1111 1111), continuously judging whether the subsequent multiple direct bytes are 0xAA5555AAA55A or 0x55AAAA555AA5, if yes, determining that the MCU enters or exits from an upgrade mode; when the first byte is 0xFF, but the subsequent information is not 0xAA5555AAA55A or 0x55AAAA555AA5, the 0xFF of the first byte and the subsequent byte information are both normal communication data, and the frame structure is not the frame structure containing frame index information defined by the method, but is only a common data frame; when the first byte is not 0xFF (i.e., may be any of 0x00-0 xFE), the frame structure is also illustrated as a normal data frame. The aim of setting the judging method is to realize the expansion of the upgrade instruction of the MCU through the existing I2C bus data frame without changing the frame structure of the existing I2C bus data frame.
Based on the above analysis, in order to realize the upgrade of the MCU on the original IPMI bus, the present embodiment creatively proposes to set the frame format of the I2C protocol, and one byte represents a specific frame number, and after the specific frame number, an upgrade flag appears, then the data after the upgrade flag is used as an upgrade program, and if no upgrade flag appears after the specific frame number, then the data is indicated not to enter the upgrade mode, thereby realizing the online upgrade of the MCU of the service board, and meeting the requirement of implementing online upgrade application scenarios without interrupting the ongoing service. The upgrade mark is used for setting the MCU to enter or exit from an upgrade state, so that the MCU has the ROM rewriting capability; and when the MCU exits from the upgrading state, the ROM of the MCU is in a locking state and cannot be rewritten, so that the safety is ensured.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the processing flow of the boot area is shown in fig. 6, and specifically includes: firstly, judging whether the upgrading mark is a specific preset byte sequence (for example, 0xAA5555AAA 55A); reading a length field (byte), and judging whether the length field (byte) is larger than a preset value; if the content of the upgrading program area is not greater than the preset value, acquiring second check information (such as a second CRC check value) of the content of the upgrading program area, comparing the second check information with first check information (such as the first CRC check value) in the additional information, and if the data in the upgrading program area are consistent and indicated to be valid, performing online upgrading; reading slot information, and judging whether the local upgrade or the remote slot upgrade is performed; if the upgrade is local upgrade, the content in the operation area is covered into the content of the upgrade program area, and the corresponding verification of the operation program is also carried out on the covered upgrade program, so that the upgrade is ensured to be successful.
The preset value can be 256KB, a length field in the additional information area is effectively read, whether the length byte of the upgrading program is larger than 256KB is judged, if so, an error exists in the data transmission process, the upgrading process is confirmed to be stopped, normal operation is skipped, and if the length byte is smaller than 256KB, the step of verifying the content in the operation program area is continued; if the length field in the additional information area is not effectively read, the normal operation is skipped, and the verification can be directly performed.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, if the MCU of the main control board determines that the MCU of the service board at the remote slot needs to be upgraded, the upgrade program and the additional information are sent to the MCU of the target service board, and the MCU of the target service board receives the upgrade program and the additional information sent by the MCU of the main control board through the second data transmission channel, and stores the upgrade program and the additional information in the upgrade program area and the additional information area, respectively.
Specifically, the process of copying the upgrade program of the upgrade program area of the main control board MCU to the operation program area of the target service board MCU includes: the main control board MCU initiates a start frame (the frame sequence number can be 0xFF, the preset byte sequence can be 0xAA5555AAA 55A) comprising frame index information through I2C, handshakes with the service board MCU to enter an I2C upgrading mode, and after the target service board MCU is obtained, the upgrading program is sent to the corresponding target service board MCU, so that the target service board MCU stores the received upgrading program in an upgrading program area of the target service board MCU; when the main control board MCU finishes transmitting the last frame, waiting for preset time (for example, 2 seconds), the main control board MCU transmits an exit frame (the frame sequence number can be 0xFF, the preset byte sequence can be 0x55AAAA555AA 5) to the target service board MCU again, the 0xFF frame carrying the preset byte sequence 0x55AAAA555AA represents that the online upgrade mode is to be exited, meanwhile, additional information is transmitted to the target service board MCU, the target service board MCU checks the upgrade program stored in the upgrade program area thereof according to the received additional information (the check can comprise the length check and the CRC check of the upgrade program), and the check result is fed back to the main control board MCU so as to inform the main control board MCU whether the upgrade program is completely received; when the main control board MCU finishes transmitting the last frame, the purpose of waiting for 2 seconds is to enable the target service board MCU to have enough time to calculate the CRC value of the content stored in the upgrade program area, so that the subsequent CRC check is facilitated.
Based on the analysis, the MCU upgrading program of the service board is sent by the MCU of the main control board, and after the MCU of the service board receives the upgrading program and the additional information, the MCU can be upgraded according to the steps S100 to S300, so that the on-line upgrading of the MCU of the service board is realized, the service board is not required to be plugged into a tool after being pulled out, the MCU program is upgraded through a serial port or JTAG interface, the requirement of on-line upgrading application scenes is met on the premise of not interrupting the operation of the board card service, and the upgrading efficiency is effectively improved.
Example two
The second embodiment provides an on-board MCU, which can be upgraded by adopting the upgrade method of the on-board MCU as described above.
Example III
Embodiment three provides a board, wherein the board is provided with the MCU.
Example IV
An information processing system is provided in a fourth embodiment, and includes a main control board and a service board, where the main control board and/or the service board adopt the board card as described above.
Specifically, the main control board and the service board are at least one, and the main control board is in communication connection with the service board through an I2C bus.
In a word, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention can realize online upgrade of the MCU program of the service board on the existing I2C bus, determine the target service board to be upgraded according to the slot position information, copy the upgrade content to the operation program area of the service board, thereby realizing online upgrade of the service board, plugging the service board on a tool after being unplugged, and upgrade the MCU program through a serial port or JTAG interface, thereby meeting the requirement of realizing online upgrade application scene on the premise of not interrupting the operation of the board card service, and effectively improving the upgrade efficiency.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.

Claims (12)

1. An on-board MCU upgrading method is applied to an on-board MCU of an on-board card, and a storage area of the MCU comprises a guide area, an operation program area and an upgrading program area, and is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
executing a boot program stored in the boot area, and judging whether the MCU meets upgrading conditions or not;
if yes, covering the current running program stored in the running program area with the upgrading program stored in the upgrading program area as a new current running program;
and executing the new current running program in the running program area.
2. The method of upgrading an on-board MCU according to claim 1, wherein the storage area of the MCU further comprises an additional information area for storing additional information, the additional information comprising an upgrade flag; the method for executing the boot program of the boot area and judging whether the MCU meets the upgrade condition comprises the following steps:
reading the additional information stored in the additional information area by executing a boot program of the boot area;
judging whether an upgrading mark exists in the additional information;
if yes, determining that the upgrading condition is met;
if not, determining that the upgrading condition is not met;
wherein, the upgrade mark is one of the following forms:
the upgrading mark is one bit of information;
the upgrade mark is one or more byte information, and the byte information is also used for indicating slot position information of the board card;
the upgrade flag is a specific preset byte sequence.
3. The method for upgrading an on-board MCU according to claim 1, further comprising, before executing the new current running program in the running program area:
acquiring or generating reset information;
and resetting the MCU according to the reset information.
4. The method for upgrading an on-board MCU according to claim 2, wherein the additional information further includes first check information for indicating consistency of the upgrade program and auxiliary information for indicating the number of upgrades, and after the step of overlaying the upgrade program stored in the upgrade program area with the current operation program stored in the operation program area, includes:
Checking the new current running program to generate second checking information;
judging whether the second check information is identical to the first check information;
if yes, deleting the upgrading mark in the additional information;
if not, updating the auxiliary information of the additional information, and re-covering the upgrading program stored in the upgrading program area with the current running program stored in the running program area.
5. The method for upgrading an on-board MCU according to claims 1 to 4, wherein when the on-board MCU is an on-board MCU of a main control board in a system including a main control board and a service board, the method further comprises:
receiving the upgrade program and the additional information sent by an onboard CPU of the main control board;
storing the upgrade program to the upgrade program area, and storing the additional information to the additional information area.
6. The method for upgrading an on-board MCU according to claim 5, wherein a first data transmission channel is arranged between the MCU and the on-board CPU, and the first data transmission channel is used for realizing communication between the MCU and the on-board CPU.
7. The method for upgrading an on-board MCU of claim 5, wherein the additional information further comprises slot information, the method further comprising:
After determining that the upgrading condition is met, acquiring the slot position information;
determining whether the slot information points to the main control board;
if yes, the main control board MCU executes an upgrading step;
if not, the main control board MCU sends the upgrade program firmware and the additional information to a target service board MCU through the second data transmission channel for the target service board MCU to execute an upgrade step;
the second data transmission channel is a data transmission channel between the main control board MCU and the target service board MCU.
8. The method for upgrading an on-board MCU according to claim 7, wherein the main control board MCU transmits the upgrade program firmware and the additional information to the target service board MCU through the second data transmission channel, and the method further comprises, after the target service board MCU performs the upgrading step:
receiving upgrade result information returned by the target service board MCU through the second data transmission channel;
and deleting an upgrading mark in the main control board MCU additional information when the upgrading result information indicates that the service board MCU is successfully upgraded.
9. The method for upgrading an on-board MCU according to claims 1 to 4, wherein when the on-board MCU is an on-board MCU of a target service board in a system including a main control board and a service board, a second data transmission channel is provided between the service board and the main control board, and the target service board is the service board to be upgraded determined by the main control board MCU, the method further comprises:
A target service board MCU in the service board receives upgrade program firmware and additional information sent by the main control board MCU through a second data transmission channel, and stores the upgrade program firmware and the additional information in an upgrade program area and an additional information area of the target service board;
the target service board MCU executes an upgrading step;
the second data transmission channel is a data transmission channel between the main control board MCU and the target service board MCU.
10. An on-board MCU, wherein the on-board MCU may be upgraded by an on-board MCU upgrade method according to claims 1-9.
11. A board provided with an on-board MCU according to claim 10.
12. An information processing system, comprising a main control board and a service board, wherein the main control board and/or the service board adopts the board card according to claim 11.
CN202310675235.XA 2023-06-08 2023-06-08 On-board MCU upgrading method, on-board MCU, board card and information processing system Pending CN116755749A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117130639A (en) * 2023-10-26 2023-11-28 江苏华鲲振宇智能科技有限责任公司 BMC cluster management single-board MCU firmware upgrading method and system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117130639A (en) * 2023-10-26 2023-11-28 江苏华鲲振宇智能科技有限责任公司 BMC cluster management single-board MCU firmware upgrading method and system
CN117130639B (en) * 2023-10-26 2024-03-08 江苏华鲲振宇智能科技有限责任公司 BMC cluster management single-board MCU firmware upgrading method and system

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