CN116708091B - Receiving and transmitting IQ imbalance and Doppler joint estimation and correction method based on frame header - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a receiving and transmitting IQ imbalance and Doppler joint estimation and correction method based on a frame header, which belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and comprises the following steps: after symbol synchronization, ADC sampling signals of the I path data and the Q path data sequentially complete IQ imbalance correction, frequency offset correction and IQ imbalance correction, then a frame head position is calculated through differential frame synchronization, frame head symbols output by symbol synchronization are extracted to perform IQ imbalance, frequency offset and IQ imbalance joint estimation, and a IQ imbalance correction matrix, a frequency offset and an IQ imbalance correction matrix are estimated to complete IQ imbalance correction, frequency offset correction and IQ imbalance correction; and synchronizing the corrected data through a carrier wave to finish data recovery and obtain demodulation data. The invention has the advantages of strong applicability, strong function, good performance and simple system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a receiving and transmitting IQ imbalance and Doppler joint estimation and correction method based on a frame header.
Background
In a wireless communication system, the system consists of a transmitting end and a receiving end. At the transmitting end, the data to be transmitted is required to be modulated onto a carrier wave, and information is transmitted through radio frequency wireless signals; at the receiving end, the radio frequency signal needs to be down-converted to zero frequency and then demodulated, and the original data is recovered. The digital intermediate frequency technology is adopted, namely, a signal digital baseband signal is modulated to an intermediate frequency at a transmitting end, and is output through a DAC and then is subjected to analog modulation to a radio frequency; at the receiving end, firstly, the radio frequency signal is subjected to analog down-conversion to an intermediate frequency, and after ADC sampling, the intermediate frequency signal is subjected to digital down-conversion to obtain a digital baseband signal. However, in high-speed data communications (e.g., ultra-high frequency communications, laser communications, symbol rates above GHz), digital intermediate frequency techniques are no longer applicable due to the limitations of DAC and ADC bandwidths and sampling rates. In the analog intermediate frequency technology, I and Q paths of a digital baseband signal are output through 2 DACs, and the quadrature modulator (IQ modulator) completes analog intermediate frequency modulation; the receiving end is equipped with a quadrature demodulator (IQ demodulator) to down-convert the signal to baseband, and then uses 2 ADCs to sample the I-channel signal and the Q-channel signal.
In the transmitting end equipment, signals generated by the digital-to-analog converter (Digital to Analog Converter, DAC) can reach the I path and the Q path of the analog quadrature modulator after being subjected to low-pass filtering of the transmitting end, and the analog quadrature modulator modulates the signals of the I path and the Q path and outputs the signals to the receiving end equipment. Because of ultra-wideband characteristics of system transmission signals, channel gains of an I path and a Q path of a transmitting end are difficult to be kept consistent, so that the amplitude of the I path and the Q path is different, namely the amplitude is unbalanced; on the other hand, in analog quadrature modulation, it is difficult to ensure quadrature (phase difference of 90 °) of the modulated carriers of the I-path and the Q-path, thereby causing phase imbalance of the I-path and the Q-path.
In the receiving end equipment, the analog quadrature demodulator demodulates the carrier signal sent by the receiving end equipment to obtain the I-path and Q-path signals of the receiving end. The I-path and Q-path signals obtained after demodulation need to be subjected to low-pass filtering at the receiving end, and receive IQ imbalance is caused due to the inconsistency of channel gains of the I-path and Q-path signals at the receiving end and the non-orthogonality of quadrature demodulation carriers.
IQ imbalance mainly includes phase imbalance and amplitude imbalance. The presence of IQ-imbalance increases the error rate of the system and reduces the performance of the system, thus requiring estimation and correction of IQ-imbalance in the system. After the signals are transmitted in an unbalanced manner and then are influenced by channels (Doppler, channel unevenness, group delay and the like) and received in an unbalanced manner, the distortion of the signals is serious, and the distortion process is complicated, so that IQ imbalance correction difficulty is high and correction performance is poor.
In the prior art, paper Compensation of quadrature imbalance in an optical QPSK coherent receiver uses the method of orthogonalization of Gram-Schmidt (GSOP) to correct unbalance, but this approach is generally applicable to receiving correction of unbalance; paper Blind transmitter IQ imbalance compensation in M-QAM optical coherent systems adopts a blind adaptive source separation technique (BASS) to complete the correction of the originating imbalance after the initial compensation of the frequency offset. Both schemes do not take into account the simultaneous presence of transmit IQ imbalance and receive IQ imbalance. The chinese patent application CN104980377B (an apparatus, system and method for estimating and correcting IQ imbalance) completes the receiving and transmitting IQ imbalance estimation for the OFDM system, but needs to adopt a remote switch-back manner, which limits the application scenarios thereof.
In high speed data communications, where large doppler is present at the same time, the ratio of doppler to symbol rate can be as high as 0.2 in laser communications. As described in paper Blind transmitter IQ imbalance compensation in M-QAM optical coherent systems, the ratio of Doppler to symbol rate is less than 5X 10 −6 In this case, the IQ imbalance can be estimated and corrected well.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for jointly estimating and correcting the receiving-transmitting IQ imbalance and Doppler based on a frame head in order to realize the receiving-transmitting IQ imbalance estimation and correction at a receiving end and eliminate the influence of large frequency offset.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a receiving and transmitting IQ imbalance and Doppler joint estimation and correction method based on frame header comprises the following steps: after symbol synchronization, ADC sampling signals of the I path data and the Q path data sequentially complete IQ imbalance correction, frequency offset correction and IQ imbalance correction, then a frame head position is calculated through differential frame synchronization, frame head symbols output by symbol synchronization are extracted to perform IQ imbalance, frequency offset and IQ imbalance joint estimation, and a IQ imbalance correction matrix, a frequency offset and an IQ imbalance correction matrix are estimated to complete IQ imbalance correction, frequency offset correction and IQ imbalance correction; and synchronizing the corrected data through a carrier wave to finish data recovery and obtain demodulation data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. has strong applicability and strong functions. The invention can simultaneously complete the estimation and compensation of the transmission imbalance, the reception imbalance and the Doppler.
2. The performance is good. When serious receiving-transmitting IQ imbalance and Doppler exist, the invention can effectively compensate through iteration estimation imbalance, and can obtain good compensation performance.
3. The system is simple. The invention completes the IQ imbalance of receiving and transmitting at the receiving end, compared with the prior art, the invention does not need to return to the transmitting end from the far end, thereby reducing the complexity of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined estimation and correction flow of IQ imbalance and doppler based on a frame header;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a structure of a transmission and reception physical frame;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the combined estimation and correction of IQ imbalance and Doppler based on frame header;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the joint estimation and correction of the IQ imbalance and Doppler based on the frame header;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of frequency offset estimation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a receive imbalance correction matrix estimation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of transmit imbalance correction matrix estimation;
FIG. 8 is a constellation diagram in the presence of transmit-receive IQ imbalance and Doppler;
fig. 9 is an ideal constellation diagram;
fig. 10 is a constellation diagram after correcting IQ imbalance and doppler.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, after symbol synchronization, the ADC sampling signals of the I-path data and the Q-path data sequentially complete the receiving IQ imbalance correction, the frequency offset correction, and the transmitting IQ imbalance correction, and then calculate the frame header position through differential frame synchronization, and extract the frame header symbol output by the symbol synchronization to perform joint estimation of the transmitting IQ imbalance, the frequency offset, and the receiving IQ imbalance, and estimate a receiving imbalance correction matrix, a frequency offset, and a transmitting imbalance correction matrix, which are used to complete the receiving IQ imbalance correction, the frequency offset correction, and the transmitting IQ imbalance correction. And the corrected data is synchronized through the carrier wave, so that data recovery can be completed, and demodulation data can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, the frame structure employed by the present invention includes a frame header and data. Wherein the frame header includesA frame header symbol, data including->Unknown symbols. The invention adopts->The single frame header symbol completes joint estimation of transmit IQ imbalance, frequency offset and receive IQ imbalance.
The invention provides a joint estimation of transmitting IQ imbalance, frequency offset and receiving IQ imbalance, which comprises the following steps: when receiving the frame head symbol of the frame head, firstly estimating the current frequency offset according to the transmission unbalance correction matrix and the receiving unbalance correction matrix calculated by the frame head symbol of the last time, then estimating the receiving unbalance correction matrix according to the current estimated frequency offset and the transmission unbalance correction matrix estimated last time, and finally estimating the transmission unbalance correction matrix according to the current estimated frequency offset and the current estimated receiving unbalance correction matrix. In this process, the estimation of the reception imbalance correction matrix and the transmission imbalance correction matrix can be completed once every frame header symbol of the frame header is received. After a number of frames, the receive imbalance correction matrix and the transmit imbalance correction matrix may converge to a value around the correct value. Along with the change of the external environment such as temperature, the IQ imbalance may have slow change, and the invention can also complete the tracking of the IQ imbalance change.
As shown in fig. 4, the specific process of jointly estimating the transmit IQ imbalance, the frequency offset and the receive IQ imbalance according to the present invention includes: first, initializing frequency offset, receiving unbalance correction matrix and transmitting unbalance correction matrix. When receiving the frame head symbol, firstly completing the estimation of the frequency offset, and using the transmission and reception unbalance correction matrix estimated last time to reduce the influence of IQ unbalance, thereby improving the frequency offset estimation precision; secondly, finishing the estimation of the receiving unbalance correction matrix, and using the current estimated frequency offset and the last estimated transmitting unbalance correction matrix to improve the estimation precision of the current receiving unbalance correction matrix; then, the estimation of the transmission unbalance correction matrix is completed, and the current estimated frequency offset and the current estimated reception unbalance correction matrix are used to improve the estimation precision of the current transmission unbalance correction matrix; and finally, waiting for the next frame head symbol to arrive, and repeating the iterative process. In this process, the transmission and reception imbalance correction matrices may gradually converge from the initial values to around the correct values over several iterations.
Specifically, initializing: frequency offset is marked as, wherein ,/>Indicating the number of estimations. Record->The transmission imbalance correction matrix of the sub-estimation is +.>First->The sub-estimated receiving imbalance correction matrix is +.>. Initializing parameters, i.e.，/>，/>。
Set the firstSub-received->The head symbol of each frame is->Transmitted->The head symbol of each frame is->, wherein ,/>Are all complex numbers, expressed as, wherein ,/>、/>Respectively +.>Second receive frame header symbol +.>An in-phase component (I-way) and a quadrature component (Q-way). Similarly, the transmitted frame header symbols are expressed as. Expressed in vector form as:
，
and after receiving the frame header symbol, completing one iteration of estimation calculation.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the estimation of the frequency offset is completed. For the firstMultiplying the sub-received frame header symbols by a receiving imbalance correction matrix to obtain data after receiving imbalance correction>. The inverse matrix of the unbalance correction matrix of the transmitted frame head symbol is multiplied by the left to obtain data after IQ unbalance transmission>. Co-ordinating data after IQ imbalance correctionAnd (3) a yoke, multiplying the obtained data with the IQ imbalance, and performing FFT operation to obtain frequency domain data. Modulo the frequency domain data, searching the maximum value of the modulus value, wherein the frequency where the maximum value is positioned is the frequency deviation +.>。
As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, according to、/>Calculate->. First, calculate the signal after transmitting frame head symbol through transmitting imbalance and channel +.>The calculation process is as follows:
，
wherein ,the method comprises the steps of (1) transmitting a kth in-phase component (I path) in a frame head symbol after unbalance and channel passing for the nth time; />The k orthogonal component (Q path) in the frame head symbol after the n-th time of unbalance and channel transmission; />For the kth in-phase component (I-way) in the frame header symbol of the nth transmission, etc.>Is the kth quadrature component (Q-way) in the frame header symbol of the nth transmission. Wherein the frequency offset matrix->The method comprises the following steps:
，
introducing receive amplitude imbalance in I and Q pathsPhase imbalance->. For each received frame header symbol, solve the following set of equations:
，
thereby calculating from each frame header symbol. Averaging the calculated results to obtain an amplitude imbalance +.>Phase imbalance->The method comprises the following steps:
，
thereby calculating a receiving imbalance correction matrixThe method comprises the following steps:
，
as shown in FIG. 7, according to、/>Calculate->. First, the inverse of the frequency offset matrix is calculated>The method comprises the following steps:
，
and (3) receiving imbalance correction and frequency offset correction are completed on the received signal, and corrected signals are obtained:the calculation process is as follows:
，
wherein ,the (I) path is the kth in-phase component in the frame head symbol after the nth correction; />The kth orthogonal component (Q-way) in the frame header symbol after the nth correction.
Calculating a pseudo-inverse of the correction signal:
，
where the superscript T denotes the transpose of the matrix and the superscript + denotes the pseudo-inverse of the matrix. Transmitting IQ imbalance firstThe secondary estimation results are:
，
in this calculation process, the effects of the transmit IQ imbalance and the channel are estimated simultaneously, and thereforeNot only can the transmit IQ imbalance be corrected, but also channel imperfections (non-planarity) can be corrected.
As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, fig. 8 is a constellation diagram of symbol synchronous output when there is IQ imbalance and doppler, where the transmission amplitude imbalance is 0.8 and the phase imbalance is 10 °; the receiving amplitude imbalance is 1.1, and the phase imbalance is-15 degrees; normalized Doppler (ratio of Doppler to symbol rate) is 0.01; the signal to noise ratio (Es/N0, the ratio of symbol energy to noise power) is 10dB. It can be seen that the constellation distortion is very severe, due to the effects of IQ imbalance and doppler. Fig. 9 is a constellation diagram (ideal case) without IQ imbalance and doppler as a comparison with the inventive solution. Fig. 10 shows a constellation diagram after correcting IQ imbalance and doppler by using the present invention, and it can be seen from the figure that the performance is significantly improved after correction, and is close to that of an ideal constellation diagram (fig. 9).
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for jointly estimating and correcting the receiving and transmitting IQ imbalance and Doppler based on the frame head is characterized by comprising the following steps: after symbol synchronization, ADC sampling signals of I path data and Q path data sequentially complete IQ imbalance correction, frequency offset correction and IQ imbalance correction, then frame head positions are calculated through differential frame synchronization, frame head symbols output by symbol synchronization are extracted to perform IQ imbalance, frequency offset and IQ imbalance joint estimation, a IQ imbalance correction matrix, frequency offset and IQ imbalance correction matrix are estimated, and IQ imbalance correction, frequency offset correction and IQ imbalance correction are performed again; the corrected data is synchronized through the carrier wave, namely, the data recovery is completed, and the demodulation data is obtained;
the frame header includesThe head symbol of each frame is ∈>Completing joint estimation of transmitting IQ imbalance, frequency offset and receiving IQ imbalance by using a plurality of frame head symbols;
the joint estimation of the transmitting IQ imbalance, the frequency offset and the receiving IQ imbalance comprises the following steps: when receiving the frame head symbol, firstly estimating the current frequency offset according to the transmission unbalance correction matrix and the reception unbalance correction matrix calculated by the previous frame head symbol, then estimating the reception unbalance correction matrix according to the current estimated frequency offset and the transmission unbalance correction matrix estimated by the previous time, and finally estimating the transmission unbalance correction matrix according to the current estimated frequency offset and the current estimated reception unbalance correction matrix; in the process, once a frame head symbol is received, the estimation of the unbalance correction matrix is finished once; after a plurality of frames, the imbalance correction matrix is received and the imbalance correction matrix is sent to be converged to be near a correct value;
the specific process of jointly estimating the transmitting IQ imbalance, the frequency offset and the receiving IQ imbalance comprises the following steps:
initializing, and obtaining frequency offset, wherein />Representing the estimated number of times; first->The transmission imbalance correction matrix of the sub-estimation is +.>First->The sub-estimated receiving imbalance correction matrix is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Initializing parameters, i.e.)>，，/>；
Set the firstSub-received->The head symbol of each frame is->Transmitted->The head symbol of each frame is->, wherein ,/>Are all complex numbers, expressed as, wherein ,/>、/>Respectively +.>Second received frame header symbol +.>An in-phase component and a quadrature component; j is an imaginary number;
the transmitted frame header symbols are expressed as，/>， />Respectively +.>Second transmitted frame header symbol +.>An in-phase component and a quadrature component;
the transmitted frame header symbols and the received frame header symbols are respectively expressed as:
，
and after receiving the frame header symbol, completing one iteration of estimation calculation.
2. The method for jointly estimating and correcting IQ imbalance and doppler according to claim 1 wherein the estimating of the frequency offset comprises: for the firstMultiplying the sub-received frame header symbols by a receiving imbalance correction matrix to obtain data after receiving imbalance correction>Multiplying the inverse matrix of the transmission unbalance correction matrix by the transmitted frame head symbol to obtain data after transmission IQ unbalance +.>Conjugation is carried out on the data after IQ imbalance correction, the data is multiplied by the data after IQ imbalance correction, and then Fourier transformation is carried out, so that frequency domain data is obtained; modulo the frequency domain data, searching the maximum value of the modulus value, wherein the frequency where the maximum value is positioned is the frequency deviation +.>。
3. The method for jointly estimating and correcting IQ imbalance and doppler according to claim 2 wherein the correction of IQ imbalance comprises: according to、/>Calculate->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the First, the signal of the transmitted frame head symbol after the transmission imbalance and channel is calculated:
the calculation process is as follows:
，
wherein ,the method comprises the steps of transmitting an imbalance and a k-th in-phase component in a frame head symbol after a channel is transmitted for the nth time; />The method comprises the steps of transmitting an unbalanced frame header symbol and a frame header symbol after a channel is transmitted for the nth time;
wherein the frequency offset matrixThe method comprises the following steps:
，
introducing receive amplitude imbalance in I and Q pathsPhase imbalance->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For each received frame header symbol, solve the following set of equations:
，
thereby calculating from each frame header symbolThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Averaging the calculation results to obtain the unbalanced receiving amplitude of the I path and the Q path>Phase imbalance->The method comprises the following steps:
，
thereby calculating a receiving imbalance correction matrixThe method comprises the following steps:
。
4. a method for jointly estimating and correcting IQ imbalance and doppler according to claim 3 wherein the correction of IQ imbalance comprises: according to、/>Calculate->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the First, the inverse of the frequency offset matrix is calculated>The method comprises the following steps:
，
and (3) receiving imbalance correction and frequency offset correction are completed on the received signal, and corrected signals are obtained:
the calculation process is as follows:
，
wherein ,the k in-phase component in the frame head symbol after the nth correction; />The k orthogonal component in the frame head symbol after the nth correction;
calculating the pseudo-inverse of the corrected signal:
，
wherein, the superscript +represents the pseudo-inverse of the matrix, and the superscript T represents the transpose of the matrix;
transmitting IQ imbalance firstThe secondary estimation results are:
，
wherein ,vector form for the transmitted frame header symbol;
the effects of transmit IQ imbalance and channels are estimated simultaneously, thusWhile correcting transmit IQ imbalance and channel imperfections.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104980377A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | IQ imbalance estimation and correction equipment, system and method |
| CN113132280A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-16 | 深圳智微电子科技有限公司 | IQ imbalance estimation method |
| CN114142876A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-04 | 南京熊猫汉达科技有限公司 | Method for correcting IQ imbalance of intermediate frequency transceiving joint debugging |
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| FR2878393B1 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2007-01-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPENSATING FOR IMBALANCES OF A RECEIVER |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104980377A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | IQ imbalance estimation and correction equipment, system and method |
| CN113132280A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-16 | 深圳智微电子科技有限公司 | IQ imbalance estimation method |
| CN114142876A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-04 | 南京熊猫汉达科技有限公司 | Method for correcting IQ imbalance of intermediate frequency transceiving joint debugging |
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| Title |
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| Sapta Girish Neelam.Joint Compensation of TX/RX IQ Imbalance and Channel Parameters for OTSM Systems.IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS.2023,第27卷第976-980页. * |
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