CN116698486A - Wetland soil monitoring device and application method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wetland soil monitoring device, which comprises: a driven rotary sampling cylinder; an annular sampling cavity is formed between the support outer column and the sampling cylinder; the support inner column and the support outer column are circumferentially limited, axially relatively move and are positioned at an upper position and a lower position of the movement; when the support inner column axially relatively moves to the upper position for positioning, the other end of the support framework is closed close to the peripheral side of the support outer column, and when the support inner column axially relatively moves to the lower position for positioning, the other end of the support framework drives the telescopic pleated membrane to open so that the peripheral side edge of the telescopic pleated membrane is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity, and meanwhile, the support framework, the outer contour of the conical drill bit and the lower end of the sampling cylinder are in smooth transition to form a drilling cone angle; the invention has simple and compact structure, can realize monitoring and sampling of a certain section of wetland soil in the vertical direction under the condition of supporting and preventing the wetland soil from falling off, and avoids sampling of upper unnecessary wetland soil.

Description

Wetland soil monitoring device and application method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a wetland soil technology, belongs to the field of environmental monitoring, and in particular relates to a wetland soil monitoring device and a using method thereof.

Background

The wetland is a transition zone between a land ecological system and an aquatic ecological system, and can have irreplaceable important roles in aspects of regulating flood, conserving water sources/purifying water quality, regulating regional climate, degrading pollutants, maintaining system balance and the like; the soil texture and the structural characteristics of the wetland are direct factors for determining the water storage capacity of the soil, and the soil moisture is the mixed water body with the largest flux in the water circulation components of the wetland and can influence the water conservancy connection with different surrounding water sources, so that the overall change state of the wetland is observed by collecting the change information of the soil or the moisture of the wetland for a long time, and the method has important significance for understanding the ecological system of the wetland and the information of the wetland environment;

the existing soil monitoring mainly drills or presses the sampling cylinder vertically into the soil layer of the wetland to obtain a soil texture sample, such as the Chinese patent application No. 202111178444.0: the stratified sampling device for soil detection sampling rotates through sealing frames with different heights so as to perform stratified sampling on the soil with different depths, and in the mode, although the stratified sampling is performed through radial extension and rotation of scraping materials, the complete structure of the soil in the whole vertical direction cannot be obtained through stratified sampling, the scraped soil is loose, the original vertical shape of the soil cannot be maintained, and the stratified sampling device is suitable for horizontal soil sampling with certain specific depths;

some monitoring devices are directly drilled into to obtain a vertical structural sample of soil texture, but the problem is: 1. when the wetland soil is positioned behind the sampling cylinder and is vertically and upwards pumped away from the sampling cylinder, the wetland soil is easy to fall off from the lower end, and the application number of the Chinese patent is 201710207704. X: the undisturbed soil sampling device can effectively solve the problem by controlling the opening and closing of the movable ring cutterhead 3, but cannot sample a certain section in the vertical direction, namely, when the movable ring cutterhead 3 is positioned at a certain distance from the lower end of the outer pipe 1 and the outer pipe 1 is moved downwards, wetland soil enters the coring inner pipe 2 from top to bottom, and part of upper soil (such as some unnecessary sampled vegetation) of the wetland is sampled into the inner pipe 2, so that monitoring and sampling cannot be performed on the height of a certain section of soil layer in the vertical direction;

2. when the moisture content of the wetland soil is high, the wetland soil in the sampling tube is loose, effective soil structural characteristics cannot be formed in the vertical direction, pretreatment of the wetland soil is lacking, namely more moisture in the wetland soil layer is separated from the soil, and the dehydrated soil can obtain a soil sample meeting the requirements;

3. the soil of the wetland has diversified textures, such as sand, loam, clay and the like with particle sizes ranging from coarse to fine, but the soil of the wetland inevitably contains some hard stones, the drilling teeth 221 for the traditional structure are mainly concentrated on the circumference side of the lower end of the sampling cylinder, when the sampling cylinder vertically drills into the soil of the wetland and contacts with the hard matters, the contact condition of the sampling cylinder cannot be known, and when the sampling cylinder is monitored and sampled, the sampling cylinder still continuously presses down, and the lower end of the sampling cylinder is easy to deform or damage;

in addition, the device for simultaneously realizing the collection and monitoring of soil and moisture is less, namely, an additional device is needed for monitoring the moisture in the soil, so that a plurality of devices are needed during the monitoring of the wetland, the carrying and the use are not facilitated, the simultaneous monitoring of the soil and the moisture at the same place is particularly realized, the texture in the wetland soil is diversified, and when the moisture content of the wetland soil is lower, the detection sensor is needed to be directly contacted with the soil so as to obtain more accurate data.

Disclosure of Invention

The first aim of the invention is to provide a wetland soil monitoring device which has a simple and compact structure, can realize monitoring and sampling of a certain section of wetland soil in the vertical direction under the conditions of supporting and preventing the wetland soil from falling off, and avoids sampling of upper unnecessary wetland soil;

to achieve the above object, the present wetland soil monitoring device comprises: a driven rotary sampling cylinder;

the upper end of the support outer column extends out and rotates together with the sampling cylinder body, and the main body part of the support outer column is positioned in the sampling cylinder body and forms an annular sampling cavity between the support outer column and the sampling cylinder body;

the support inner column and the support outer column are coaxially arranged, circumferentially limited, axially relatively moved and positioned at an upper position and a lower position;

the support mechanism is provided with a conical drill bit fixedly arranged at the lower end of the support inner column, a circumferentially closed telescopic pleated membrane and a plurality of support frameworks which are uniformly arranged circumferentially by taking the axis of the sampling cylinder as the center, wherein the support frameworks are of a bending structure, bending points are rotationally connected with the circumferential side of the upper end of the conical drill bit, one end of each support framework is rotationally connected with the lower end of the support outer column through a connecting rod, and the other end of each support framework is attached to the circumferential side of the telescopic pleated membrane; the middle part of the telescopic pleated membrane is connected with the periphery of the support outer column in a sealing way;

when the support inner column and the support outer column axially relatively move, the support framework drives the telescopic pleated membrane to open/close by taking the vertical axis of the sampling cylinder as the center; when the support inner column axially relatively moves to the upper position for positioning, the other end of the support framework is closed close to the peripheral side of the support outer column, and when the support inner column axially relatively moves to the lower position for positioning, the other end of the support framework drives the telescopic pleated membrane to open so that the peripheral side edge of the telescopic pleated membrane is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity, and meanwhile, the support framework, the outer contour of the conical drill bit and the lower end of the sampling cylinder are in smooth transition to form a drilling cone angle;

the lower ends of the supporting framework, the conical drill bit and the sampling cylinder body are respectively provided with drilling teeth which are arranged in the same spiral direction.

Further, the device also comprises a water removing mechanism;

the sampling cylinder is provided with a sampling outer cylinder and a sampling inner cylinder which are coaxially arranged, an annular inner cavity is formed between the sampling outer cylinder and the sampling inner cylinder, the lower end of the sampling outer cylinder is connected with the sampling inner cylinder in a taper angle manner, and the upper end of the sampling inner cylinder is closed through an end cover; the sampling inner cylinder is provided with a strip-shaped groove;

the water removing mechanism comprises a water permeable pressing plate which is arranged in the annular inner cavity in a vertically sliding sealing manner and a sealing plate which is arranged at the outer side of the sampling inner cylinder;

the upper end of the sealing plate is not higher than the water-permeable pressing plate and is connected with the water-permeable pressing plate through a connecting rod penetrating through the strip-shaped groove, and the lower end of the sealing plate is always lower than the strip-shaped groove and seals the strip-shaped groove;

the upper end of the water permeable pressing plate is connected with the supporting pressing plate through a guide rod penetrating through the end cover.

Further, the bottom end of the annular inner cavity is provided with absorbent cotton;

the lower part of the sampling outer cylinder is provided with a water outlet communicated with the annular inner cavity, and the middle part of the sampling outer cylinder is provided with a water outlet communicated with the annular inner cavity;

the water drain is provided with a filter screen and a one-way valve for liquid to flow from the annular inner cavity to the outside.

Further, a supporting seat is fixedly arranged on the end cover;

the support outer column vertically slides through the end cover and the support seat, and is sleeved with a first spring at the position in the support seat, and the first spring is respectively contacted with the support seat and the shaft shoulder of the support outer column, so that the support outer column is subjected to downward elasticity;

the lower end of the inner wall of the sampling inner cylinder is provided with a limiting ring for limiting the opened supporting framework.

Further, the device also comprises a detection mechanism;

the cone drill bit is provided with a through hole with an inverted T-shaped structure along the axis, and the upper part of the cone drill bit is provided with a supporting cover;

the detection mechanism is provided with a closed rod with an inverted T-shaped structure and detection sensors respectively arranged on the conical drill bit and in the annular inner cavity;

the lower end of the sealing rod is matched with the through hole, the outer diameter of the middle part is smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole, and the upper end of the sealing rod is connected with a piston positioned in the supporting cover;

the telescopic cylinder is arranged on the supporting cover, and the output end of the telescopic cylinder is connected with the piston and drives the piston to move up and down.

Further, a locking mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the support outer column, and positioning holes which are arranged at intervals up and down are arranged at the upper end of the support inner column;

the locking mechanism is provided with a cover body fixed on the support outer column, a positioning rod with the middle part moving radially and positioned in the cover body, and a second spring sleeved on the positioning rod;

one end of the positioning rod is positioned at the outer side, the other end of the positioning rod can be inserted into the positioning hole, one end of the second spring is contacted with the cover body, and the other end of the second spring is contacted with the shaft shoulder of the positioning rod, so that the positioning rod is subjected to elastic force towards the axis of the supporting outer column.

The second aim of the invention is to provide a using method of the wetland soil monitoring device, which has a simple and compact structure, not only monitors and samples a certain section of wetland soil in the vertical direction, but also can avoid the damage of the lower end of the sampling cylinder, realize the vertical compaction of the wetland soil and ensure the monitoring and sampling of soil moisture;

the application method of the wetland soil monitoring device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

a. in the initial state, the support inner column is relatively moved to be positioned below the support outer column, and at the moment, one end arm of the support framework drives the telescopic pleated membrane to be opened, so that the peripheral edge of the telescopic pleated membrane is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity, and the lower end of the annular sampling cavity is in a closed state and cannot be sampled;

simultaneously, the supporting framework and the outer contour of the cone-shaped drill bit are in smooth transition with the lower end of the sampling cylinder body to form a drilling cone angle; the sampling cylinder body is driven to rotate, the supporting framework, the conical drill bit and drill teeth in the same spiral direction at the lower end of the sampling cylinder body can drill holes in wetland soil, so that the sampling cylinder body can quickly enter the wetland soil to a certain depth, and unnecessary wetland soil monitoring and sampling on the upper layer are removed;

then, the supporting inner column is moved upwards to be positioned on the supporting outer column in a moving way, at the moment, one end arm of the supporting framework drives the telescopic pleated membrane to be closed and only lean against the supporting outer column, the lower end of the annular sampling cavity is opened, the sampling cylinder is vertically pressed down, and a certain section of wetland soil in the vertical direction enters the annular sampling cavity;

b. in the process of vertically pressing down the sampling cylinder, when the sampling cylinder drills into wetland soil and contacts with hard objects, the conical drill bit at the lower end of the supporting inner column is upwards moved by larger resistance, at the moment, the supporting inner column drives the supporting outer column to upwards move and compress the first spring, and operators can know that harder soil is met through the moving supporting outer column or the supporting inner column, so that the monitoring sampling is adjusted, and the lower end damage caused by continuous pressing down of the sampling cylinder is avoided;

when the sampling cylinder body vertically drills down to a certain depth and soil moisture is required to be detected, the telescopic cylinder is started to drive the piston and the sealing rod to move downwards, the sealing rod opens the through hole at the conical drill bit, some soil enters the through hole, and the detection sensor on the conical drill bit monitors and samples the soil moisture in the through hole;

c. after the wetland soil monitoring and sampling is completed, the supporting inner column is moved, is positioned at the lower part of the supporting outer column and is positioned, and the telescopic pleated membrane is opened to be in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity, so that the soil after monitoring and sampling is positioned in the annular sampling cavity and cannot fall off;

when the moisture content of the wetland soil is high, the supporting pressing plate drives the permeable pressing plate to move downwards to vertically compact the wetland soil, and the permeable pressing plate filters out excessive moisture and flows into the annular inner cavity from the upper end and the strip-shaped groove for collection;

in addition, the detection sensor positioned in the annular inner cavity can directly monitor and sample the water which is vertically compressed and filtered;

and finally taking out the sampling cylinder body to complete the overall monitoring and sampling of the wetland soil.

Compared with the prior art, the wetland soil monitoring device has the advantages that through the axial movement between the supporting inner column and the supporting outer column, the supporting framework drives the telescopic pleated membrane to be opened or closed, so that the supporting of the wetland soil in the annular sampling cavity is realized, the falling of the telescopic pleated membrane is avoided, and when the supporting framework drives the telescopic pleated membrane to be opened, the supporting framework, the outer contour of the cone-shaped drill bit and the lower end of the sampling cylinder body are smoothly transited to form a drilling cone angle, so that the sampling cylinder body enters the wetland soil to a certain depth, unnecessary wetland soil monitoring and sampling on the upper layer are removed, the monitoring and sampling of a certain section of wetland soil in the vertical direction are realized, and unnecessary wetland soil is prevented from entering;

due to the arrangement of the water removal mechanism, excessive water is separated from the wetland soil by compacting the wetland soil in the vertical direction, so that the wetland soil can maintain effective structural characteristics, and a soil sample meeting the requirements is obtained; in addition, the sealing plate is driven to move in the moving process of the water permeable pressing plate, so that the sealing plate is always sealed in the strip-shaped groove below the water permeable pressing plate, and water can be ensured to be filtered and overflowed from the upper part all the time under the condition that the water is not moved by the water permeable pressing plate;

because the upper end of the support outer column is axially and downwards elastic by the first spring, when the support outer column vertically and downwards drills into wetland soil and contacts hard objects, the conical drill bit at the lower end of the support inner column is upwards moved by larger resistance, so that the support outer column is driven to upwards move to compress the first spring, an operator can know that harder soil is met through the movable support outer column or the movable support inner column, and therefore, monitoring sampling is adjusted, and the lower end damage caused by continuous pressing of the sampling cylinder is avoided;

because the detection sensors are arranged on the conical drill bit and in the annular inner cavity, on one hand, the telescopic cylinder is started to drive the sealing rod to open the through hole at the conical drill bit, and the detection sensors monitor and sample the soil moisture entering the through hole; on the other hand, the detection sensor positioned in the annular inner cavity can directly monitor and sample the water after vertical compression and filtration, so that the whole structure is compact, other monitoring equipment is prevented from being additionally added, and different water monitoring environments can be suitable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an overall front view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the support mechanism of the present invention in a first perspective view;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second view of the support mechanism of the present invention when assembled; (ignoring the telescoping pleated membrane)

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second view of the support mechanism of the present invention when assembled; (ignoring the telescoping pleats and supporting outer column)

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a support frame assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the support framework of the present invention from open to closed;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the water removal mechanism assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the water removal mechanism assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a partial front view of the entire upper end of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a front view of the entire lower end portion of the present invention;

in the figure: 100. the device comprises a sampling outer cylinder, 101, a water outlet, 102, a water outlet, 110, a sampling inner cylinder, 111, a strip-shaped groove, 120, a supporting seat, 130, an end cover, 140, a limiting ring, 150, an annular sampling cavity, 160 and an annular inner cavity 160;

200. the device comprises a supporting mechanism 210, a cone drill bit 220, a supporting framework 221, drilling teeth 230, an ear seat 240, a connecting rod 250 and a supporting rod;

300. the water removing mechanism, 310, the water permeable pressing plate, 320, the sealing plate, 330 and the supporting pressing plate;

400. the outer support column 410, the support ring 420, the first spring 430, the positioning rod 440 and the second spring;

500. supporting the inner column 600 and the telescopic pleated membrane;

700. the device comprises a detection mechanism 710, a closing rod 720, a telescopic cylinder 730, a third spring 740, a detection sensor 800 and absorbent cotton.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7 and 11, the present wetland soil monitoring device comprises:

a driven rotary sampling cylinder;

the support outer column 400, the upper end of which extends out and rotates together with the sampling cylinder, and the main body part of which is positioned in the sampling cylinder and forms an annular sampling cavity 150 between the sampling cylinder and the main body part;

the support inner column 500 is coaxially arranged with the support outer column 400, and circumferentially limited, axially relatively moved and positioned at the upper and lower positions of the movement;

the supporting mechanism 200 is provided with a conical drill bit 210 fixedly arranged at the lower end of the supporting inner column 500, a circumferentially closed telescopic pleated membrane 600 and a plurality of supporting frameworks 220 which are uniformly arranged around the axis of the sampling cylinder body as the center circumference, wherein the supporting frameworks 220 are of a bending structure, bending points are rotationally connected with the circumferential side of the upper end of the conical drill bit 210, one end of each bending point is rotationally connected with the lower end of the supporting outer column 400 through a connecting rod 240, and the other end of each bending point is attached to the circumferential side of the telescopic pleated membrane 600; the middle part of the telescopic pleat membrane 600 is connected with the support outer column 400 in a circumferential sealing way;

when the support inner column 500 and the support outer column 400 axially move relatively, the support skeleton 220 drives the telescopic pleated membrane 600 to perform an angular opening/closing action centering on the vertical axis of the sampling cylinder; when the support inner column 500 moves axially relatively to the upper position for positioning, the other end of the support framework 220 is tightly closed at the periphery of the support outer column 400, and when the support inner column 500 moves axially relatively to the lower position for positioning, the other end of the support framework 220 drives the telescopic pleated membrane 600 to open so that the periphery edge of the telescopic pleated membrane 600 is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity 150, and meanwhile, the support framework 220, the outer contour of the cone bit 210 and the lower end of the sampling cylinder are in smooth transition to form a cone angle;

the supporting framework 220, the cone drill bit 210 and the lower end of the sampling cylinder are provided with drilling teeth 221 which are arranged in the same spiral direction;

specifically, it is required to describe the vertical arrangement (up and down) of the axis of the sampling cylinder;

the sampling cylinder is a main body supporting structure, and can be manually driven or connected with a driving component to realize rotation, and a specific driving part of the sampling cylinder is not shown in the drawing, for example, the sampling cylinder can be manually driven by a handle positioned at the upper end of the sampling cylinder;

the support outer column 400 and the sampling cylinder rotate together, and the support inner column 500 and the support outer column 400 limit circumferentially, so that the rotation of the sampling cylinder can realize the common rotation of the whole device, for example, the support outer column 400 and the sampling cylinder, the support inner column 500 and the support outer column 400 can be connected in a spline, a flat key and the like; the upper end of the support inner column 500 is higher than the support outer column 400 to facilitate the axial movement of the support inner column 500, and the upper end and the lower end connected with the support outer column 400 are both in sealing connection;

the outer diameter of the cone drill bit 210 is not larger than the diameter of the support outer column 400, so as to avoid loosening caused by soil entering the annular sampling cavity 150 through the cone drill bit 210, or the soil can not be smoothly discharged due to the obstruction of the cone drill bit 210 when being discharged from the annular sampling cavity 150; the flexible pleated membrane 600 has high-strength elastic material, can meet the effects of extrusion, support and expansion, the flexible pleated membrane 600 is of a circumferential closed structure, and the cross-sectional shape is determined according to the support skeleton 220 and the distance from the end of the support skeleton 220 to the lower end of the support outer column 400; the lower end of the support outer column 400 is provided with a flange, the middle of the telescopic pleated membrane 600 is mounted on the flange in a sealing way, so that the telescopic pleated membrane 600 can completely seal and isolate the annular sampling cavity 150 after the support framework 220 drives the telescopic pleated membrane 600 to open; the number of the supporting frameworks 220 can be 8-16, and is determined according to the size of the annular sampling cavity 150 in actual use and the installation requirement;

the bending angle of the supporting framework 220 is an obtuse angle, one end of the supporting framework is rotationally connected with the connecting rod 240, the other end of the connecting rod 240 is rotationally connected with the supporting rod 250 vertically arranged at the lower end of the supporting outer column 400, the bending position of the supporting framework 220 is rotationally arranged on the lug 230 positioned on the cone-shaped drill bit 210, as shown in fig. 7, when the supporting inner column 500 and the supporting outer column 400 axially move, the radial relative position between the supporting inner column 500 and the supporting outer column 400 is unchanged, and the arm at the other end of the supporting framework 220 is opened or closed;

in the initial state of the wetland soil monitoring device, the support inner column 500 relatively moves to be positioned below the support outer column 400, and at the moment, one end arm of the support framework 220 drives the telescopic pleated membrane 600 to open, so that the peripheral edge of the telescopic pleated membrane 600 is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity 150, namely the lower end of the annular sampling cavity 150 is in a closed state and cannot be sampled, and meanwhile, the support framework 220, the outer contour of the cone-shaped drill bit 210 and the lower end of the sampling cylinder are smoothly transited to form a drilling cone angle;

the sampling cylinder is driven to rotate, and the supporting framework 220, the cone-shaped drill bit 210 and the drill teeth 221 at the lower end of the sampling cylinder in the same spiral direction can drill holes in wetland soil, so that the sampling cylinder can quickly enter the wetland soil to a certain depth, and unnecessary wetland soil monitoring and sampling on the upper layer are removed;

then, the supporting inner column 500 is moved upwards to be positioned on the supporting outer column 400, at this time, one end arm of the supporting framework 220 drives the telescopic pleated membrane 600 to be closed and only lean against the supporting outer column 400, namely, the lower end of the annular sampling cavity 150 is opened, and the sampling cylinder is vertically pressed downwards, so that a certain section of wetland soil in the vertical direction enters the annular sampling cavity 150;

or in the initial state, the supporting inner column 500 is relatively moved to be positioned at the upper position of the supporting outer column 400, and the sampling cylinder is vertically pressed down, so that the whole wetland soil in the vertical direction enters the annular sampling cavity 150;

after the wetland soil monitoring and sampling is completed, the supporting inner column 500 is moved, is positioned at the lower part of the supporting outer column 400 and is positioned, the telescopic pleated membrane 600 is opened to be in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity 150, so that the soil after the monitoring and sampling is positioned in the annular sampling cavity 150 and cannot fall off, and finally the sampling cylinder is taken out to complete the monitoring and sampling of the wetland soil;

it should be noted that, when the device moves vertically downward, the supporting inner column 500 will be located at the upper and lower positions of the supporting outer column 400, and this positioning may be performed by using a positioning pin, and the supporting framework 220 drives the telescopic pleated membrane 600 to open or close, that is, to close or open the lower end of the annular sampling cavity 150, so that the device will not move simultaneously when moving vertically downward;

this wetland soil monitoring device is through supporting the removal of axial direction between inner column 500 and the support outer column 400 for support skeleton 220 drives flexible pleat membrane 600 and opens or close, realizes being located the support of annular sampling cavity 150 interior wetland soil, avoids its droing, and when support skeleton 220 drives flexible pleat membrane 600 and opens, support skeleton 220 and cone bit 210 outline, the smooth transition of sampling barrel lower extreme forms the drilling cone angle, can make the sampling barrel get into wetland soil certain depth, gets rid of the unnecessary wetland soil monitoring sample of upper strata, realizes the monitoring sample to some section wetland soil on the vertical direction, avoids unnecessary wetland soil to get into.

Referring to fig. 8, 9, and 10, in some modifications, the apparatus further includes a water removal mechanism 300;

the sampling cylinder is provided with a sampling outer cylinder 100 and a sampling inner cylinder 110 which are coaxially arranged, an annular inner cavity 160 is formed between the sampling outer cylinder 100 and the sampling inner cylinder 110, the lower end of the sampling cylinder is connected with the sampling inner cylinder at a taper angle, and the upper end of the sampling cylinder is closed by an end cover 130; the sampling inner cylinder 110 is provided with a strip-shaped groove 111;

the water removing mechanism 300 comprises a water permeable pressing plate 310 which is arranged in the annular inner cavity 160 in a vertically sliding sealing manner, and a sealing plate 320 which is arranged outside the sampling inner cylinder 110 and is used for sealing the strip-shaped groove 111;

the upper end of the sealing plate 320 is not higher than the water-permeable pressing plate 310 and is connected with the water-permeable pressing plate 310 through a connecting rod penetrating through the strip-shaped groove 111, and correspondingly, the lower end of the sealing plate 320 is always lower than the strip-shaped groove 111 and is sealed to the strip-shaped groove 111;

the upper end of the water permeable pressing plate 310 is connected with the supporting pressing plate 330 through a guide rod passing through the end cover 130;

specifically, the length of the sealing plate 320 is greater than the length of the strip groove 111, and a sealing ring is provided therebetween;

when the moisture content of the wetland soil is high, the supporting framework 220 drives the telescopic pleated membrane 600 to open to support the lower end of the annular sampling cavity 150, the supporting pressing plate 330 drives the permeable pressing plate 310 to move downwards to vertically compact the wetland soil, and excessive moisture filtered by the permeable pressing plate 310 flows into the annular inner cavity 160 from the upper end and the strip-shaped groove 111 for collection;

according to the scheme, by compacting the wetland soil in the vertical direction, surplus water is separated from the wetland soil, so that the wetland soil can maintain effective structural characteristics, and a soil sample meeting the requirements is obtained; in addition, the sealing plate 320 is driven to move in the moving process of the water permeable pressing plate 310, so that the sealing plate 320 always seals the strip-shaped groove 111 below the water permeable pressing plate 310, that is, water can be ensured to always filter and overflow from above under the condition that the water is not moved by the water permeable pressing plate 310, and meanwhile, the wetland soil is prevented from leaking from the strip-shaped groove 111;

it should be noted that, the inside of the sampling inner cylinder 110 is an annular sampling cavity 150, that is, the peripheral edge of the expansion fold membrane 600 is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the sampling inner cylinder 110 when it is opened.

Referring to fig. 2 and 9, further, a water absorbent cotton 800 is disposed at the bottom end of the annular inner cavity 160;

the lower part of the sampling outer cylinder 100 is provided with a water outlet 101 communicated with the annular inner cavity 160, and the middle part is provided with a water outlet 102 communicated with the annular inner cavity 160;

the drain port 102 is provided with a filter screen and a one-way valve for liquid to flow from the annular inner cavity 160 to the outside;

the absorbent cotton 800 can temporarily store separated moisture, and the water outlet 101 can be opened and closed manually to discharge all the moisture in the annular inner cavity 160; drain 102 is generally open and has a filter to prevent soil ingress, and to prevent excessive moisture in annular cavity 160 from being able to drain, and outside soil or moisture ingress.

Referring to fig. 10 and 11, in some modifications, the end cover 130 is fixedly provided with a supporting seat 120;

the support outer column 400 slides up and down through the end cover 130 and the support base 120, and is sleeved with a first spring 420 at the position in the support base 120, and the first spring 420 is respectively contacted with the support base 120 and the shaft shoulder of the support outer column 400, so that the support outer column 400 is subjected to downward elasticity;

a limiting ring 140 for limiting the opened supporting framework 220 is arranged at the lower end of the inner wall of the sampling inner cylinder 110;

specifically, the support outer column 400 rotates with the sampling cylinder, and at this time, the support outer column 400 may be connected to the support base 120 or the end cover 130 by means of a flat key or a spline; the support outer column 400 may be provided with a support ring 410 as a "shoulder" thereof, so that the first spring 420 acts on the support ring 410, ensuring that the support outer column 400 is subjected to downward elastic force;

in the initial state, under the action of the elastic force of the first spring 420, the support outer column 400 is subjected to downward elastic pressure, and the support outer column 400 can be limited by contacting the shaft shoulder with the end cover 130 so as to keep the cone bit 210 at the lower end of the support inner column 500 and the lower end of the sampling cylinder to form a consistent drilling cone angle; when the device drills into the wetland soil vertically downwards and contacts hard objects, the conical drill bit 210 at the lower end of the inner support column 500 moves upwards under larger resistance, at the moment, the inner support column 500 drives the outer support column 400 to move upwards and compress the first spring 420, and operators can know that harder soil is encountered through the moving outer support column 400/inner support column 500, so that monitoring sampling is adjusted, and lower end damage caused by continuous pressing of the sampling cylinder is avoided;

the spacing ring 140 can support and limit the expanded supporting framework 220, so that the condition that the wetland soil in the annular sampling cavity 150 acts on the telescopic pleated membrane 600 and the supporting framework 220 to deform and bend downwards after long-time use is avoided.

Referring to fig. 11, in some modifications, the cone drill bit 210 is provided with a through hole of an inverted T-shaped structure along an axis, and a support cover is provided at an upper portion thereof;

the device further comprises a detection mechanism 700;

the detection mechanism 700 has an inverted T-shaped structure of the closure rod 710, and detection sensors 740 mounted on the cone drill bit 210 and within the annular cavity 160, respectively;

the lower end of the sealing rod 710 is matched with the through hole, the outer diameter of the middle part is smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole, and the upper end is connected with a piston positioned in the supporting cover;

the telescopic cylinder 720 is arranged on the supporting cover, and the output end of the telescopic cylinder is connected with the piston and drives the piston to move up and down;

specifically, the detection sensor 740 may be a moisture sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, etc.; the lower end of the closing rod 710 seals the through hole, and the outline edge contour is consistent with the cone drill bit 210, so that the entry of soil or moisture in a non-detection state is avoided; the closing rod 710 can be mounted on a piston in a threaded manner, and the piston is connected with the supporting cover in a sealing manner; a third spring 730 may be provided in the support housing such that the elastic force of the third spring 730 acts upward on the piston, the purpose of which is to avoid that the closing rod 710 can remain closed to the through hole without using the detection mechanism 700, although the soil will be pressed against the closing rod 710 when drilling; the central outer diameter of the closing rod 710 is smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole in order to allow soil to remain in the through hole;

when the sampling cylinder vertically drills down to a certain depth and soil moisture is required to be detected, the telescopic cylinder 720 is started to drive the piston and the sealing rod 710 to move downwards, at this time, the sealing rod 710 opens the through hole at the conical drill bit 210, some soil enters the through hole, and the detection sensor 740 on the conical drill bit 210 monitors and samples the soil moisture in the through hole;

in addition, the detection sensor 740 located in the annular inner cavity 160 can directly monitor and sample the water filtered by the vertical compression, and the detection sensor 740 detects the water in the soil in the through hole and the water filtered in the annular inner cavity 160 respectively, so that different monitoring environments can be applied, for example, when the moisture content of the wetland soil is low, the detection sensor 740 can detect the soil in the through hole, so that more accurate data can be obtained.

Referring to fig. 10, in some modifications, a locking mechanism is disposed at the upper end of the support outer column 400, and positioning holes are disposed at the upper end of the support inner column 500 at intervals;

the locking mechanism has a cover body fixed on the support outer column 400, a positioning rod 430 whose middle part is radially moved to be positioned in the cover body, and a second spring 440 sleeved on the positioning rod 430;

one end of the positioning rod 430 is located at the outer side, the other end of the positioning rod 430 can be inserted into the positioning hole, one end of the second spring 440 contacts with the cover body, and the other end contacts with the shaft shoulder of the positioning rod 430, so that the positioning rod 430 receives elastic force towards the axis of the support outer column 400.

Specifically, when the positioning rod 430 is radially far from the axis of the support outer column 400, the second spring 440 is compressed at this time, the end of the positioning rod 430 is separated from the positioning hole of the support inner column 500, and the support inner column 500 can axially move relative to the support outer column 400;

when the positioning rod 430 is radially adjacent to the axis of the support outer column 400 and is inserted into the positioning hole of the support inner column 500, the support frame 220 is in a closed state when the positioning hole is located above, and the support frame 220 is in an open state when the positioning hole is located below.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A wetland soil monitoring device comprising: a driven rotary sampling cylinder;

characterized by further comprising:

the upper end of the support outer column (400) extends out and rotates together with the sampling cylinder, and the main body part of the support outer column is positioned in the sampling cylinder and forms an annular sampling cavity (150) between the support outer column and the sampling cylinder;

the support inner column (500) and the support outer column (400) are coaxially arranged, and are circumferentially limited, axially moved relatively and positioned at an upper position and a lower position;

the supporting mechanism (200) is provided with a conical drill bit (210) fixedly arranged at the lower end of the supporting inner column (500), a circumferentially closed telescopic pleated membrane (600) and a plurality of supporting frameworks (220) which are uniformly arranged circumferentially by taking the axis of the sampling cylinder body as the center, wherein the supporting frameworks (220) are of a bending structure, bending points are rotationally connected with the circumferential side of the upper end of the conical drill bit (210), one end of each supporting framework is rotationally connected with the lower end of the supporting outer column (400) through a connecting rod (240), and the other end of each supporting framework is attached to the circumferential side of the telescopic pleated membrane (600); the middle part of the telescopic pleat membrane (600) is connected with the support outer column (400) in a circumferential sealing way;

when the support inner column (500) and the support outer column (400) axially move relatively, the support framework (220) drives the telescopic pleated membrane (600) to open/close by taking the vertical axis of the sampling cylinder as the center; when the support inner column (500) moves to the upper position relatively in the axial direction, the other end of the support framework (220) is tightly closed at the periphery of the support outer column (400), and when the support inner column (500) moves to the lower position relatively in the axial direction, the other end of the support framework (220) drives the telescopic pleated membrane (600) to open so that the periphery edge of the telescopic pleated membrane (600) is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity (150), and meanwhile, the support framework (220) and the outer contour of the conical drill bit (210) and the lower end of the sampling cylinder are in smooth transition to form a drilling cone angle;

the supporting framework (220), the cone-shaped drill bit (210) and the lower end of the sampling cylinder are respectively provided with drilling teeth (221) which are arranged in the same spiral direction.

2. A wetland soil monitoring device according to claim 1, further comprising a water removal mechanism (300);

the sampling cylinder body is provided with a sampling outer cylinder (100) and a sampling inner cylinder (110) which are coaxially arranged, an annular inner cavity (160) is formed between the sampling outer cylinder (100) and the sampling inner cylinder (110), the lower end of the sampling cylinder body is connected with the sampling inner cylinder (110) in a taper angle manner, and the upper end of the sampling cylinder body is closed by an end cover (130); the sampling inner cylinder (110) is provided with a strip-shaped groove (111);

the water removing mechanism (300) comprises a water permeable pressing plate (310) which is arranged in the annular inner cavity (160) in a sliding sealing way up and down, and a sealing plate (320) which is arranged at the outer side of the sampling inner cylinder (110);

the upper end of the sealing plate (320) is not higher than the water-permeable pressing plate (310), and is connected with the water-permeable pressing plate (310) through a connecting rod penetrating through the strip-shaped groove (111), and the lower end of the sealing plate is always lower than the strip-shaped groove (111) and seals the strip-shaped groove (111);

the upper end of the water permeable pressing plate (310) is connected with the supporting pressing plate (330) through a guide rod penetrating through the end cover (130).

3. The wetland soil monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein the bottom end of the annular inner cavity (160) is provided with absorbent cotton (800);

a water outlet (101) communicated with the annular inner cavity (160) is arranged at the lower part of the sampling outer cylinder (100), and a water outlet (102) communicated with the annular inner cavity (160) is arranged at the middle part of the sampling outer cylinder;

the drain port (102) is provided with a filter screen and a one-way valve for liquid to flow into the outside from the annular inner cavity (160).

4. The wetland soil monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein the end cover (130) is fixedly provided with a supporting seat (120);

the support outer column (400) vertically slides through the end cover (130) and the support seat (120), and is sleeved with a first spring (420) at the inner position of the support seat (120), and the first spring (420) is respectively contacted with the support seat (120) and the shaft shoulder of the support outer column (400), so that the support outer column (400) is subjected to downward elasticity;

the lower end of the inner wall of the sampling inner cylinder (110) is provided with a limiting ring (140) for limiting the opened supporting framework (220).

5. The wetland soil monitoring device according to claim 4, further comprising a detection mechanism (700);

the cone drill bit (210) is provided with a through hole with an inverted T-shaped structure along the axis, and the upper part of the cone drill bit is provided with a supporting cover;

the detection mechanism (700) is provided with a closed rod (710) with an inverted T-shaped structure and detection sensors (740) respectively arranged on the cone drill bit (210) and in the annular inner cavity (160);

the lower end of the sealing rod (710) is matched with the through hole, the outer diameter of the middle part is smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole, and the upper end of the sealing rod is connected with a piston positioned in the supporting cover;

the telescopic cylinder (720) is arranged on the supporting cover, and the output end of the telescopic cylinder is connected with the piston and drives the piston to move up and down.

6. The wetland soil monitoring device according to claim 5, wherein the upper end of the support outer column (400) is provided with a locking mechanism, and the upper end of the support inner column (500) is provided with positioning holes which are arranged at intervals up and down;

the locking mechanism is provided with a cover body fixed on the supporting outer column (400), a positioning rod (430) with the middle part moving radially and positioned in the cover body, and a second spring (440) sleeved on the positioning rod (430);

one end of the positioning rod (430) is positioned at the outer side, the other end of the positioning rod can be inserted into the positioning hole, one end of the second spring (440) is contacted with the cover body, and the other end of the second spring is contacted with the shaft shoulder of the positioning rod (430) so that the positioning rod (430) is subjected to elastic force towards the axis of the supporting outer column (400).

7. A method of using the wetland soil monitoring device according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:

a. in an initial state, the support inner column (500) is relatively moved to be positioned below the support outer column (400), at the moment, one end arm of the support framework (220) drives the telescopic pleated membrane (600) to be opened, so that the peripheral edge of the telescopic pleated membrane (600) is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity (150), and the lower end of the annular sampling cavity (150) is in a closed state and cannot be sampled;

meanwhile, the supporting framework (220) and the outer contour of the cone-shaped drill bit (210) are in smooth transition with the lower end of the sampling cylinder body to form a drilling cone angle; the sampling cylinder body is driven to rotate, the supporting framework (220), the cone-shaped drill bit (210) and drill teeth (221) at the lower end of the sampling cylinder body in the same spiral direction can drill holes in wetland soil, so that the sampling cylinder body can quickly enter the wetland soil to a certain depth, and unnecessary wetland soil monitoring and sampling on the upper layer are removed;

then, the supporting inner column (500) is moved upwards to be positioned on the supporting outer column (400) and positioned, at the moment, one end arm of the supporting framework (220) drives the telescopic pleated membrane (600) to be closed and only lean against the supporting outer column (400), the lower end of the annular sampling cavity (150) is opened, the sampling cylinder is vertically pressed down, and a certain section of wetland soil in the vertical direction enters the annular sampling cavity (150);

b. in the process of vertically pressing down the sampling cylinder, when the sampling cylinder drills into wetland soil and contacts hard objects, the conical drill bit (210) at the lower end of the supporting inner column (500) moves upwards under larger resistance, at the moment, the supporting inner column (500) drives the supporting outer column (400) to move upwards and compress the first spring (420), and operators can know that harder soil is met through the moving supporting outer column (400) or the supporting inner column (500), so that monitoring sampling is adjusted and the lower end damage caused by continuous pressing down of the sampling cylinder is avoided;

when the sampling cylinder body vertically drills down to a certain depth and soil moisture is required to be detected, the telescopic cylinder (720) is started to drive the piston and the sealing rod (710) to move downwards, the sealing rod (710) opens a through hole at the conical drill bit (210), some soil enters the through hole, and a detection sensor (740) on the conical drill bit (210) monitors and samples the soil moisture in the through hole;

c. after the wetland soil monitoring and sampling is completed, the supporting inner column (500) is moved, is positioned at the lower part of the supporting outer column (400) in a moving way, and the telescopic pleated membrane (600) is opened to be in sealing contact with the inner wall of the annular sampling cavity (150), so that the soil after the monitoring and sampling is positioned in the annular sampling cavity (150) and cannot fall off;

when the moisture content of the wetland soil is high, the supporting pressing plate (330) drives the permeable pressing plate (310) to move downwards to vertically compact the humidity soil, and the permeable pressing plate (310) filters out excessive moisture and flows into the annular inner cavity (160) from the upper end and the strip-shaped groove (111) for collection;

in addition, the detection sensor (740) positioned in the annular inner cavity (160) can directly monitor and sample the water filtered by vertical compression;

and finally taking out the sampling cylinder body to complete the overall monitoring and sampling of the wetland soil.