CN116671317A - Quick reseeding device and method for finger-clamping type seed sowing device - Google Patents

Quick reseeding device and method for finger-clamping type seed sowing device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN116671317A
CN116671317A CN202310966672.7A CN202310966672A CN116671317A CN 116671317 A CN116671317 A CN 116671317A CN 202310966672 A CN202310966672 A CN 202310966672A CN 116671317 A CN116671317 A CN 116671317A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
reseeding
box
seed
seed metering
sowing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310966672.7A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨华民
杨宏伟
张婧
冯欣
蒋振刚
张昕
张剑飞
周超然
白森
戴加海
刘豪华
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Changchun University of Science and Technology
Original Assignee
Changchun University of Science and Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Changchun University of Science and Technology filed Critical Changchun University of Science and Technology
Priority to CN202310966672.7A priority Critical patent/CN116671317A/en
Publication of CN116671317A publication Critical patent/CN116671317A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00Sowing
    • A01C7/20Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00Sowing
    • A01C7/20Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
    • A01C7/206Seed pipes

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop sowing, in particular to a rapid seed supplementing device and method of a finger-clip type seed metering device. The invention can realize quick detection of missed seeding through the pressure sensor arranged on the finger clip, wherein the infrared sensor arranged at each place detects whether the seeds in the seeding box are sufficient and the reseeding count, the validity of the invention can be fully verified after the seeding is finished, and the invention considers the continuous missed seeding condition of the seeder under the condition of conforming to the national standard, and solves the problem that most of the invention does not consider continuous missed seeding.

Description

Quick reseeding device and method for finger-clamping type seed sowing device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop sowing, in particular to a rapid reseeding device and a rapid reseeding method of a finger-clamping type seed sowing device.
Background
The finger-clip type seed sowing device is used for sowing, the condition of missing sowing can occur, the reseeding can be carried out after the condition of missing sowing occurs, and various reseeding modes exist. Self-compensating: for example, the potato miss-seeding detection-reseeding integrated control system and the method thereof are separated from the original seeding mode of the bottom wheel driving the motion of the seeder, and the single seed metering direct current motor drives the spoon chain to operate. During reseeding, reseeding is carried out in a manner of crossing the seed-missing spoon and reseeding by the next seed spoon in an acceleration control manner; auxiliary compensation type: for example, the intelligent potato reseeding machine with the functions of miss-seeding detection and reseeding is characterized in that reseeding devices and seed metering devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a longitudinal central shaft of a rack, and a seed metering device is arranged behind each reseeding device to realize miss-seeding detection and reseeding. When the miss-seeding is detected, the PLC sends an action signal to the reseeding servo motor in time, and the reseeding servo motor acts to finish reseeding; reseeding based on machine vision: for example, the three-grain tray seedling raising and missing seed supplementing device based on machine vision is used for identifying the missing seed planting condition of the empty plug tray by adopting the image identification device, the identification accuracy rate is improved, the position information of the plug tray is determined by the installed photoelectric sensor, accurate position information support is provided for the needle type seed supplementing device, mutually independent seed suction heads are arranged on the sowing rod, the electromagnetic valve is used for sucking and discharging air, the seed supplementing operation on each plug tray hole on the plug tray is realized, and the seed supplementing accuracy rate is improved.
The defect of the reseeding mode is that: if the self-compensation type and the auxiliary compensation type face the condition of missing multiple seeds, the reseeding time is too long, the reseeding cannot be successfully performed, and the reseeding of the position without the seed is possibly caused.
Reseeding based on machine vision does not consider the problem that dust and the like exist in an actual use environment to cause inaccurate image recognition, and the reseeding effect is affected. Therefore, a rapid reseeding device and a rapid reseeding method of a finger-clip type seed sowing device are provided to solve the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a rapid seed supplementing device and method of a finger-clip type seed metering device, and solves the problems in the prior art.
(II) technical scheme
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purposes:
the utility model provides a indicate quick reseeding device of clamp type seed metering ware, includes sowing case, reseeding case and reseeding case connecting pipe, sowing case's below is provided with indicates clamp type seed metering ware, install speed sensor on the finger clamp type seed metering ware to detect sowing speed and agricultural machinery speed of marcing, install pressure sensor on each finger clamp of indicates clamp type seed metering ware for detect the finger clamp of indicates clamp type seed metering ware and press from both sides the seed, finger clamp type seed metering ware's below is connected with the seeding seed guide pipe, reseeding case connecting pipe is used for connecting sowing case and reseeding case, reseeding case be located sowing seed guide pipe's well lower part, its inside is equipped with reseeding case infrared sensor, reseeding case's below is provided with miniature reseeding hole type seed metering ware, reseeding hole type seed guide pipe's below is connected with reseeding pipe infrared sensor for detecting whether reseeding is successful, reseeding number is recorded to reseeding.
Further, the miniature reseeding cellular seed metering device rotates through a reseeding motor.
Further, the finger-clip type seed metering device is connected with the agricultural machinery through chain transmission to keep the same form speed as the agricultural machinery for seed falling.
Further, the reseeding box infrared sensor is installed in a position below the inside of the reseeding box.
Further, an alarm for alarming and reminding is arranged on the side face of the seeding box.
Further, the reseeding motor is electrically connected with a control device, and a timing module is integrated in the control device.
A reseeding method of a rapid reseeding device of a finger-clamping type seed sowing device comprises the following steps:
s1: before sowing, operators fill the sowing box with seeds, and then the sowing box supplies seeds to the sowing box through a sowing-reseeding connecting pipe;
s2: when the seed supplementing box is full of seeds, the agricultural machinery starts to work, the finger-clamping type seed sowing device starts to sow, whether the finger clamps successfully clamp the seeds or not is fed back through the pressure sensor on the finger clamps, and if the seeds are successfully clamped, the sowing number is increased by 1. If the seeds are not successfully clamped, judging that the sowing is missed;
s3: the infrared sensor in the reseeding box is used for detecting whether seeds in the neutron box are sufficient, if the seeds in the seed box are insufficient, the situation that a connecting pipe of the seeding-reseeding box is blocked is indicated, an alarm is used for alarming, and a driver needs to stop checking. If the alarm does not alarm, the reseeding box is indicated that the seeds are sufficient, and reseeding can be executed;
s4: the speed sensor firstly detects the current travelling speed of the agricultural machine, and then drives the reseeding motor to start rotating at the same travelling speed as the agricultural machine at the appointed time through a timing module in the control device;
s5: the reseeding motor drives the miniature cellular seed metering device to rotate so as to realize reseeding;
s6: detecting whether the reseeding is successful or not through an infrared sensor in the reseeding guide tube, if the reseeding is successful, adding 1 to the reseeding number, and if the reseeding is unsuccessful, alarming by an alarm, and stopping for checking by a driver;
by the invention, the miss-seeding rate after reseeding can be obviously reduced by recording the seeding number and the reseeding number, thereby proving the benefit of the invention.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a rapid reseeding device and a rapid reseeding method of a finger-clamping seed sowing device, which have the following beneficial effects:
the invention can realize the rapid detection of miss-seeding through the pressure sensor arranged on the finger clip, wherein the infrared sensor arranged at each place detects whether the seeds in the seeding box are sufficient and the reseeding count, the effectiveness of the invention can be fully verified after the seeding is finished, and the invention considers the continuous miss-seeding condition of the seeder under the condition of conforming to the national standard, and solves the problem that most of the invention does not consider continuous miss-seeding, thus the invention can realize the rapid reseeding effect of the finger clip type seeding apparatus on the basis of considering the continuous miss-seeding problem, and the infrared sensor and the pressure sensor arranged at each place count the seeding quantity and the reseeding quantity of the seeding machine, realize the data visualization of seeding-reseeding and provide data support for the subsequent inspection of the effectiveness of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the reseeding device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the reseeding method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the seed dropping process for verifying the feasibility of reseeding according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the sensor and the control device according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a sowing box; 2. an alarm; 3. a speed sensor; 4. finger-clip type seed sowing device; 5. sowing a seed guide tube; 6. reseeding box connecting pipes; 7. reseeding box infrared sensor; 8. reseeding box; 9. reseeding motor; 10. miniature cellular seed metering device; 11. reseeding seed guide tube infrared sensor; 12. a pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-4, a rapid reseeding device of a finger-clip type seed metering device provided by an embodiment of the invention comprises a seed sowing box (1), a reseeding box (8) and a reseeding box connecting pipe (6), wherein the finger-clip type seed metering device (4) is arranged below the seed sowing box and used for sowing, a speed sensor (3) is arranged on the finger-clip type seed metering device (4) so as to detect sowing speed and travelling speed of an agricultural machine, a pressure sensor (12) is arranged on each finger clip of the finger-clip type seed metering device (4) and used for detecting whether the finger clip of the finger-clip type seed metering device clips seeds, a seed sowing guide pipe (5) is connected below the finger-clip type seed metering device (4), the reseeding box connecting pipe (6) is used for connecting the seed sowing box (1) and the reseeding box (8), when the seed of the reseeding box is about to be used up, the seed box (8) is provided with seeds through the reseeding box connecting pipe (6), the reseeding box (8) is positioned at the lower part of a sowing guide pipe (5) and used for detecting whether the seed is provided with an infrared sensor (10) and is arranged below the seed guide pipe (8) and used for detecting whether the seed hole (10) is provided with a seed sowing guide hole (10) and is provided with a seed hole sensor, the miniature reseeding cellular seed metering device (10) rotates through a reseeding motor (9).
The finger-clip type seed sowing device (4) is connected with the agricultural machinery through chain transmission to keep the same form speed as the agricultural machinery for seed falling, so the speed sensor is positioned on the finger-clip type seed sowing device. The side face of the seeding box (1) is provided with an alarm (2) for alarming and reminding, the reseeding motor (9) is electrically connected with a control device, the control device is mainly an Atmega16 singlechip, and a timing module is integrated inside the control device. The control device is mainly electrically connected with the alarm (2), the reseeding box infrared sensor (7), the reseeding guide tube infrared sensor (11), the pressure sensor (12), the speed sensor (3) and the reseeding motor (9). The Atmega16 singlechip is mainly used for receiving signals of the pressure sensor (12) and the speed sensor (3), and driving the reseeding motor (9) to rotate at a specified time through the timing module at the same movement speed as that of the agricultural machinery to finish reseeding. Secondly, the infrared signal used for receiving each infrared sensor drives an alarm to alarm or is used for recording the reseeding number or the sowing number, the reseeding box infrared sensor (7) is arranged at the position below the inside of the reseeding box (8) and used for detecting whether the inside of the reseeding box (8) is less than a certain number of seeds, if the inside seed quantity of the reseeding box (8) is less than a certain height, the blocking of the reseeding box connecting pipe (6) is indicated, and the sowing box (1) can not normally provide seeds for the reseeding box (8), so that the alarm (2) is driven to alarm. The timing module is used for timing, and when the specified reseeding time is reached, the control device drives the motor to rotate, so that reseeding is completed. The control device is used for controlling the reseeding motor (9) to rotate.
A reseeding method of a rapid reseeding device of a finger-clamping type seed sowing device comprises the following steps:
s1: before sowing, operators fill the sowing box with seeds, and then the sowing box supplies seeds to the sowing box through a sowing-reseeding connecting pipe;
s2: when the seed supplementing box is full of seeds, the agricultural machinery starts to work, the finger-clamping type seed sowing device starts to sow, whether the finger clamps successfully clamp the seeds or not is fed back through the pressure sensor on the finger clamps, and if the seeds are successfully clamped, the sowing number is increased by 1. If the seeds are not successfully clamped, judging that the sowing is missed;
s3: the infrared sensor in the reseeding box is used for detecting whether seeds in the neutron box are sufficient, if the seeds in the seed box are insufficient, the situation that a connecting pipe of the seeding-reseeding box is blocked is indicated, an alarm is used for alarming, and a driver needs to stop checking. If the alarm does not alarm, the reseeding box is indicated that the seeds are sufficient, and reseeding can be executed;
s4: the speed sensor firstly detects the current travelling speed of the agricultural machine, and then drives the reseeding motor to start rotating at the same travelling speed as the agricultural machine at the appointed time through a timing module in the control device;
s5: the reseeding motor drives the miniature cellular seed metering device to rotate so as to realize reseeding;
s6: detecting whether the reseeding is successful or not through an infrared sensor in the reseeding guide tube, if the reseeding is successful, adding 1 to the reseeding number, and if the reseeding is unsuccessful, alarming by an alarm, and stopping for checking by a driver;
by the invention, the miss-seeding rate after reseeding can be obviously reduced by recording the seeding number and the reseeding number, thereby proving the benefit of the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a indicate quick reseeding device of clamp type seed metering ware, includes seeding case (1), reseeding case (8) and reseeding case connecting pipe (6), its characterized in that: the utility model provides a seed metering device, including seed metering box, seed metering box connecting pipe (6) are used for connecting seed metering box (1) and seed metering box (8), seed metering box (8) be located the well lower part of seed metering pipe (5) to detect sowing speed and agricultural machinery travel speed, install pressure sensor (12) on each finger of seed metering box (4) for detect whether the finger of seed metering box presss from both sides the seed, the below of seed metering box (4) is connected with seed guiding pipe (5), seed metering box connecting pipe (6) be located the middle lower part of seed guiding pipe (5), its inside is equipped with seed metering box infrared sensor (7), the below of seed metering box (8) is provided with miniature seed supplementing pocket formula ware (10), the below of miniature seed supplementing pocket formula ware (10) is connected with seed guiding pipe, seed guiding pipe's inner wall is provided with seed guiding pipe infrared sensor (11) for detecting whether seed metering is successful in the record.
2. The rapid reseeding device of a finger grip type seed metering device of claim 1, wherein: the miniature reseeding cellular seed metering device (10) rotates through a reseeding motor (9).
3. The rapid reseeding device of a finger grip type seed metering device of claim 1, wherein: the finger-clipping seed sowing device (4) is connected with the agricultural machinery through chain transmission to keep the same form speed as the agricultural machinery for seed falling.
4. The rapid reseeding device of a finger grip type seed metering device of claim 1, wherein: the reseeding box infrared sensor (7) is arranged at a lower position in the reseeding box (8).
5. The rapid reseeding device of a finger grip type seed metering device of claim 1, wherein: an alarm (2) for alarming and reminding is arranged on the side face of the seeding box (1).
6. The rapid reseeding device of a finger-clip type seed metering device of claim 2, wherein: the reseeding motor (9) is electrically connected with a control device, and a timing module is integrated in the control device.
7. The reseeding method of the rapid reseeding device of the finger grip type seed metering device as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 6, wherein:
s1: before sowing, operators fill the sowing box with seeds, and then the sowing box supplies seeds to the sowing box through a sowing-reseeding connecting pipe;
s2: when the seed supplementing box is full of seeds, the agricultural machinery starts to work, the finger-clamping type seed sowing device starts to sow, whether the finger clamps successfully clamp the seeds or not is fed back through the pressure sensor on the finger clamps, and if the seeds are successfully clamped, the sowing number is increased by 1; if the seeds are not successfully clamped, judging that the sowing is missed;
s3: detecting whether seeds in the neutron box are sufficient or not through an infrared sensor in the reseeding box, if the seeds in the seed box are insufficient, indicating that a connecting pipe of the seeding-reseeding box is blocked, alarming by an alarm, checking that a driver needs to stop the vehicle, and if the alarm does not alarm, indicating that the seeds in the reseeding box are sufficient, and performing reseeding;
s4: the speed sensor firstly detects the current travelling speed of the agricultural machine, and then drives the reseeding motor to start rotating at the same travelling speed as the agricultural machine at the appointed time through a timing module in the control device;
s5: the reseeding motor drives the miniature cellular seed metering device to rotate so as to realize reseeding;
s6: whether the reseeding is successful or not is detected by an infrared sensor in the reseeding guide tube, if the reseeding is successful, the reseeding number is increased by 1, and if the reseeding is unsuccessful, an alarm gives an alarm, and a driver needs to stop checking.
CN202310966672.7A 2023-08-03 2023-08-03 Quick reseeding device and method for finger-clamping type seed sowing device Pending CN116671317A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310966672.7A CN116671317A (en) 2023-08-03 2023-08-03 Quick reseeding device and method for finger-clamping type seed sowing device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310966672.7A CN116671317A (en) 2023-08-03 2023-08-03 Quick reseeding device and method for finger-clamping type seed sowing device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116671317A true CN116671317A (en) 2023-09-01

Family

ID=87779522

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310966672.7A Pending CN116671317A (en) 2023-08-03 2023-08-03 Quick reseeding device and method for finger-clamping type seed sowing device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116671317A (en)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000279005A (en) * 1999-04-01 2000-10-10 Iseki & Co Ltd Seed lack alarm for seeding-machine
RU2526643C1 (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-08-27 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования КАБАРДИНО-БАЛКАРСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ ИМЕНИ В.М. КОКОВА Magnetic seed-feeding device
CN106211874A (en) * 2016-09-20 2016-12-14 山东省农业机械科学研究院 Intelligent variable planting and fertilizing machine, reseed method and quantity-variation type seeding fertilizing method
CN106576530A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-04-26 滨州市农业机械化科学研究所 One-stage transmission cotton precision seeding device
CN108200785A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-26 河南科技大学 A kind of automation broadcast leakage of corn drill detects and reseeds device
CN111630980A (en) * 2020-07-10 2020-09-08 漯河市农机推广服务中心 Reasonable close planting no-tillage fertilization dislocation seeder of maize
CN111788907A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-10-20 中国农业大学 Missing seeding detection and automatic reseeding system used in corn precision seeding process
CN115979473A (en) * 2023-03-17 2023-04-18 吉林大学 Seeding detecting system based on bionic mechanical sensor

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000279005A (en) * 1999-04-01 2000-10-10 Iseki & Co Ltd Seed lack alarm for seeding-machine
RU2526643C1 (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-08-27 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования КАБАРДИНО-БАЛКАРСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ ИМЕНИ В.М. КОКОВА Magnetic seed-feeding device
CN106211874A (en) * 2016-09-20 2016-12-14 山东省农业机械科学研究院 Intelligent variable planting and fertilizing machine, reseed method and quantity-variation type seeding fertilizing method
CN106576530A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-04-26 滨州市农业机械化科学研究所 One-stage transmission cotton precision seeding device
CN108200785A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-26 河南科技大学 A kind of automation broadcast leakage of corn drill detects and reseeds device
CN111788907A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-10-20 中国农业大学 Missing seeding detection and automatic reseeding system used in corn precision seeding process
CN111630980A (en) * 2020-07-10 2020-09-08 漯河市农机推广服务中心 Reasonable close planting no-tillage fertilization dislocation seeder of maize
CN115979473A (en) * 2023-03-17 2023-04-18 吉林大学 Seeding detecting system based on bionic mechanical sensor

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN113366298B (en) Particle counting apparatus, systems and methods
EP3777504A1 (en) Seed skip compensation system
CN102103868A (en) Master teaching jig
CN203633110U (en) Device for automatically identifying seedling tray and pot seedlings as well as picking seedlings
CN104584743A (en) Seedling tray pot seedling automatic identification and seedling fetching apparatus
EP2359383A1 (en) Seed sensor system and method for improved seed count and seed spacing
CN109831979B (en) Airflow conveying type precision fertilizing and seeding machine and method and device for detecting seeding missing blockage thereof
CN107690906B (en) Pot seedling tray seedling leakage detection and positioning seedling searching and changing device and method
CN101354321A (en) Method and apparatus for detecting sowing quality of sowing machine based on GPS
CN116671317A (en) Quick reseeding device and method for finger-clamping type seed sowing device
CN102226696B (en) Measuring method of vehicle positioning ranging system for automatic coal sample acquisition system
CN103232967A (en) Method of singulating embryos
CN109258022A (en) A kind of monitoring of seedling breaking and cancellation element and control method
CN114467438B (en) Miss-seeding monitoring device and monitoring method of real-time segmenting type sugarcane seeder
CN209215541U (en) A kind of two-orbit RFID electronic label test machine
CN100430305C (en) Method and apparatus for sequentially feeding medium
CN109654997B (en) Precise positioning device and method for plug hole based on machine vision
CN106852110B (en) Component supply device and process for detecting position and moving state of component tape
CN114600597B (en) Missing seeding detection and reseeding system of potato planter
CN110243462A (en) Transport vialog method for detecting vibration
JP3058422B2 (en) Transplant machine
CN116649055B (en) Multi-row infrared seed falling detection system suitable for no-tillage planter
CN204269391U (en) Grow seedlings of vegetable precision seeder performance detecting system
CN104502140A (en) Object sampling method and object sampling equipment capable of distinguishing die hole
CN117643211A (en) Leak-proof sowing and reseeding method for high-speed potato planter

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination