CN116614093A - Power amplifier and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Power amplifier and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN116614093A CN116614093A CN202310484833.9A CN202310484833A CN116614093A CN 116614093 A CN116614093 A CN 116614093A CN 202310484833 A CN202310484833 A CN 202310484833A CN 116614093 A CN116614093 A CN 116614093A
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/211—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
- H03F1/565—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for using inductive elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
- H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45479—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection
- H03F3/45484—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection in differential amplifiers with bipolar transistors as the active amplifying circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/451—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/537—A transformer being used as coupling element between two amplifying stages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/541—Transformer coupled at the output of an amplifier
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a power amplifier and electronic equipment. The power amplifier includes an input for inputting a first signal; at least two stages of amplifying units, wherein the amplifying units are used for amplifying the input first signals; the interstage matching network is connected between the adjacent two-stage amplifying units and is of a symmetrical transformer structure; and the output matching network is connected with the amplifying unit at the last stage and is used for carrying out power synthesis and outputting a second signal. The power amplifier provided by the embodiment solves the problems that the output power and the gain of the power amplifier are lower and the requirement of a user cannot be met due to low power synthesis efficiency. In addition, the multipath differential synthesis mode of the power amplifier provided by the embodiment can enable the amplifier to have higher even harmonic suppression capability and improve the efficiency of the power amplifier device.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a differential multipath synthesized power amplifier and electronic equipment.
Background
The power amplifier plays an important role in the communication link as an indispensable signal amplifying element of the communication device. With the rapid popularization of 5G and Beyond and the rapid popularization of WLAN, wi-Fi, etc., the demand for high performance power amplifiers by rf front ends is increasing. The high output power, high efficiency and high linearity are always the main flow requirements of the high-performance power amplifier. In the existing single-end synthesis technology, a series of problems such as inconsistent matching phase, low synthesis efficiency, large insertion loss, large area and the like easily occur in the process of carrying out power synthesis on a multi-die array. Therefore, the output power and gain of the existing power amplifier are low, and the power synthesis efficiency cannot meet the requirements of users. The multi-path differential synthesis scheme based on transformer matching can effectively solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a power amplifier and electronic equipment, which are used for solving the problems that the output power and gain of the power amplifier are low, and the power synthesis efficiency cannot meet the requirements of users.
In order to realize the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a power amplifier, which comprises:
an input terminal for inputting a first signal;
at least two stages of amplifying units, wherein the amplifying units are used for amplifying the input first signals;
the interstage matching network is connected between the adjacent two-stage amplifying units and is of a symmetrical transformer structure;
the output matching network is connected with the amplifying unit of the last stage and is used for carrying out power synthesis and outputting a second signal; wherein the power of the second signal is greater than the power of the first signal.
Optionally, the amplifying unit includes:
the first-stage amplifying unit, the second-stage amplifying unit and the third-stage amplifying unit;
the first-stage amplifying unit is connected with the input end, and the second-stage amplifying unit is connected between the first-stage amplifying unit and the third-stage amplifying unit;
the third-stage amplifying unit is connected with the output matching network.
Optionally, the inter-stage matching network includes:
the first-stage matching network is connected between the first-stage amplifying unit and the second-stage amplifying unit and is of a symmetrical structure;
the second interstage matching network is connected between the second stage amplifying unit and the third stage amplifying unit and is of a symmetrical structure.
Optionally, the first inter-stage matching network includes:
a first transformer, a second transformer, a power divider and a first resonance capacitor,
the first end of the power divider is connected with the output end of the first-stage amplifying unit and the first end of the first resonant capacitor, the second end of the power divider is connected with the first end of the main-stage coil of the first transformer, the third end of the power divider is connected with the first end of the main-stage coil of the second transformer, and the second end of the resonant capacitor is connected with the second end of the main-stage coil of the first transformer, the second end of the main-stage coil of the second transformer and the power supply;
the secondary coil of the first transformer is connected with the input end of a first amplifier of the second-stage amplifying unit; the secondary coil of the second transformer is connected with the input end of the second amplifier of the second-stage amplifying unit.
Optionally, the power divider includes:
the first end of the first transmission line is used as the second end of the power divider, the second end of the first transmission line is connected with the first end of the second transmission line and is used as the first end of the power divider, and the second end of the second transmission line is used as the third end of the power divider.
Optionally, the second inter-stage matching network includes:
the first power divider is connected with the second power divider through a first power divider, and the second power divider is connected with the third transformer through a second power divider;
the primary coil and the second resonant capacitor of the third transformer are connected in parallel to the output end of the first amplifier, the secondary coil of the third transformer is connected to the first input end and the second input end of the first power divider, the first output end and the second output end of the first power divider are connected with the input end of the third amplifier of the third-stage amplifying unit, and the third output end and the fourth output end of the first power divider are connected with the input end of the fourth amplifier of the second-stage amplifying unit;
the primary coil and the third resonant capacitor of the fourth transformer are connected in parallel to the output end of the second amplifier, the secondary coil of the fourth transformer is connected to the first input end and the second input end of the second power divider, the first output end and the second output end of the second power divider are connected with the input end of the fifth amplifier of the third-stage amplifying unit, and the third output end and the fourth output end of the second power divider are connected with the input end of the sixth amplifier of the second-stage amplifying unit.
Optionally, the first power divider includes: a third transmission line, a fourth transmission line, a fifth transmission line, and a sixth transmission line;
the second end of the third transmission line and the first end of the fourth transmission line are connected to the first input end of the first power divider; the second end of the fifth transmission line and the first end of the sixth transmission line are connected to the second input end of the first power divider; the first end of the third transmission line is used as a first output end of the first power divider, and the second end of the fourth transmission line is used as a third output end of the first power divider;
the first end of the fifth transmission line is used as the second output end of the first power divider, and the second end of the sixth transmission line is used as the fourth output end of the first power divider;
the second power divider includes: a seventh transmission line, an eighth transmission line, a ninth transmission line, and a tenth transmission line;
the second end of the seventh transmission line and the first end of the eighth transmission line are connected to the first input end of the second power divider; the second end of the ninth transmission line and the first end of the tenth transmission line are connected to the second input end of the second power divider; the first end of the seventh transmission line is used as the first output end of the second power divider, and the second end of the eighth transmission line is used as the third output end of the second power divider;
the first end of the ninth transmission line serves as the second output end of the second power divider, and the second end of the tenth transmission line serves as the fourth output end of the second power divider.
Optionally, the output matching network includes:
a fifth transformer, a sixth transformer, a seventh transformer, an eighth transformer, an eleventh transmission line, and a twelfth transmission line;
the main-stage coil of the fifth transformer is connected with the output end of the third amplifier of the third-stage amplifying unit, the first end of the secondary coil of the fifth transformer is connected with the first end of the eleventh transmission line, and the second end of the eleventh transmission line and the first end of the twelfth transmission line are connected with the output end;
the main stage coil of the sixth transformer is connected with the output end of the fourth amplifier of the third stage amplifying unit, the first end of the secondary coil of the sixth transformer is connected with the second end of the secondary coil of the fifth transformer, and the second end of the secondary coil of the sixth transformer is grounded;
the main stage coil of the seventh transformer is connected with the output end of the sixth amplifier of the third stage amplifying unit, the first end of the secondary coil of the seventh transformer is connected with the first end of the twelfth transmission line, and the second end of the twelfth transmission line and the first end of the eleventh transmission line are connected with the output end;
the main stage coil of the eighth transformer is connected with the output end of the fifth amplifier of the third stage amplifying unit, the first end of the secondary coil of the eighth transformer is connected with the second end of the secondary coil of the seventh transformer, and the second end of the secondary coil of the eighth transformer is grounded.
Optionally, the output matching network further includes: a fourth resonance capacitor, a fifth resonance capacitor, a sixth resonance capacitor, a seventh resonance capacitor, and an eighth resonance capacitor;
the fourth resonance capacitor is connected with the main-stage coil of the fifth transformer in parallel, the fifth resonance capacitor is connected with the main-stage coil of the sixth transformer in parallel, the sixth resonance capacitor is connected with the main-stage coil of the seventh transformer in parallel, the seventh resonance capacitor is connected with the main-stage coil of the eighth transformer in parallel, and the eighth resonance capacitor is connected between the output end and the grounding end;
optionally, the power amplifier further comprises: the single-ended matching network is connected between the input end and the first-stage amplifying unit;
optionally, the single-ended matching network includes: the first end of the first inductor is connected with the second end of the ninth resonance capacitor and the input end of the first stage amplifying unit.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an electronic device comprising any of the power amplifiers of the first aspect.
The power amplifier provided by the embodiment of the invention matches the optimal output impedance of the amplifying unit of the previous stage to the conjugate impedance of the input end of the driving stage of the amplifying unit of the second stage by arranging the interstage matching network. And amplifying the input first signal step by an amplifying unit. By setting the output matching network, the power of the second signal output by the output matching network is larger than that of the first signal, so that the output power of the power amplifier is higher, and the signal output effect of the power amplifier is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an amplifying unit of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
Based on the above technical problems, the present embodiment proposes the following solutions:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, a power amplifier 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an input terminal RFin for inputting a first signal; at least two stages of amplifying units 1, wherein the amplifying units 1 are used for amplifying the input first signals; the interstage matching network 2 is connected between the adjacent two-stage amplifying units 1, and the interstage matching network 2 is of a symmetrical transformer structure; the output matching network 204 is connected with the amplifying unit 1 at the last stage, and the output matching network 204 is used for performing power synthesis and outputting a second signal; wherein the power of the second signal is greater than the power of the first signal.
Specifically, the first signal may be a radio frequency signal. The first signal input by the input end RFin is divided into two paths through the interstage matching network 2, and the interstage matching network 2 is of a symmetrical transformer structure. The inter-stage matching network 2 may comprise an equally divided balun. The inter-stage matching network 2 matches the optimum output impedance of the preceding stage amplification unit 1 to the conjugate impedance of the input terminal of the driving stage of the following stage amplification unit 1. The amplifying unit 1 is configured to amplify an input first signal step by step. The output matching network 204 can increase the impedance transformation ratio, reduce the insertion loss by a mixed synthesis mode of directly connecting two serially synthesized transformer networks in parallel, has larger bandwidth than output matching with the same area, such as single-ended matching, can widen the bandwidth, and simultaneously enables the output matching to have very compact circuit area.
The power of the second signal output through the output matching network 204 is greater than the power of the first signal, resulting in a higher output power of the power amplifier 100. By the arrangement, the problem that the output power and gain of the power amplifier 100 are low, the synthesis efficiency and bandwidth of the power cannot meet the requirements of users is solved, and the signal output effect of the power amplifier 100 is improved.
The power amplifier 100 provided in this embodiment matches the optimum output impedance of the preceding stage amplification unit 1 to the conjugate impedance of the input terminal of the driving stage of the following stage amplification unit 1 by providing the inter-stage matching network 2. And the first signal inputted is amplified step by the amplifying unit 1. By setting the output matching network 204, the power of the second signal output by the output matching network 204 is greater than the power of the first signal, so that the output power of the power amplifier 100 is higher, and the signal output effect of the power amplifier 100 is improved. In addition, the power amplifier 100 provided in the present embodiment has a larger bandwidth than the output matching of the same area, such as single-ended matching.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. On the basis of the above-described embodiment, optionally, in combination with fig. 1 and 2, the amplifying unit 1 may include: a first-stage amplification unit 101, a second-stage amplification unit 102, and a third-stage amplification unit 103; the first-stage amplifying unit 101 is connected with the input end RFin, and the second-stage amplifying unit 102 is connected between the first-stage amplifying unit 101 and the third-stage amplifying unit 103; the third stage amplification unit 103 is connected to an output matching network 204.
Specifically, the first-stage amplifying unit 101 amplifies the first signal inputted from the input terminal RFin in the first stage, and the second-stage amplifying unit 102 amplifies the first signal amplified by the first-stage amplifying unit 101. The second-stage amplifying unit 102 may include a first amplifier DA1 and a second amplifier DA2. The first amplifier DA1 and the second amplifier DA2 secondarily amplify the first signal amplified by the first-stage amplification unit 101 in two ways. The third stage amplification unit 103 may include a third amplifier PA1, a fourth amplifier PA2, a fifth amplifier PA3, and a sixth amplifier PA4. The third and fourth amplifiers PA1 and PA2 are connected to the output of the first amplifier DA1, and the fifth and sixth amplifiers PA3 and PA4 are connected to the output of the second amplifier DA2. The third-stage amplification unit 103 amplifies the first signal amplified by the second-stage amplification unit 102.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an amplifying unit of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. With reference to fig. 2 and 3, each stage of amplifying unit 1 includes a fully differential amplifier. The fully differential amplifier comprises two transistors arranged symmetrically. The input signal Vin+ and the input signal Vin-are respectively connected with the bases of the two transistors, the output signal Vout+ and the output signal Vout-are respectively connected with the two collectors of the transistors, wherein the emitters of the two transistors are commonly grounded through an inductor to form a fully differential power unit with source negative feedback, fully differential input and output are realized, and the anti-interference capability of the circuit is improved.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, based on the foregoing embodiment, the inter-stage matching network 2 may include: the first inter-stage matching network 202 is connected between the first-stage amplifying unit 101 and the second-stage amplifying unit 102, and the first inter-stage matching network 202 has a symmetrical structure; the first inter-stage matching network 203 is connected between the second-stage amplifying unit 102 and the third-stage amplifying unit 103, and the first inter-stage matching network 203 has a symmetrical structure.
Specifically, the first inter-stage matching network 202 is used to match the optimal output impedance of the first stage amplification unit 101 to the conjugate impedance of the input terminal of the driving stage of the second stage amplification unit 102. The first inter-stage matching network 203 is used to match the optimal output impedance of the second stage amplification unit 102 to the conjugate impedance of the input of the driving stage of the third stage amplification unit 103.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2 based on the above embodiment, the first inter-stage matching network 202 may include: a first transformer T1, a second transformer T2, a power divider 213, and a first resonance capacitor C1. A first terminal of the power divider 213 is connected to the output terminal of the first stage amplification unit 101 and to a first terminal of the first resonance capacitor C1. The second end of the power divider 213 is connected to the first end of the primary winding of the first transformer T1, the third end of the power divider 213 is connected to the first end of the primary winding of the second transformer T2, and the second end of the resonant capacitor is connected to the second end of the primary winding of the first transformer T1, the second end of the primary winding of the second transformer T2, and the power supply VDD. The secondary winding of the first transformer T1 is connected to the input of the first amplifier DA1 of the second-stage amplification unit 102. The secondary winding of the second transformer T2 is connected to the input of the second amplifier DA2 of the second stage amplification unit 102.
Specifically, the power supply VDD supplies power to the first-stage amplification unit 101. The power divider 213 may be a half power divider made up of transmission lines. The power divider 213 is arranged such that the current flow of the primary windings of the two first transformers T1 is opposite to the current flow of the primary windings of the second transformers T2. By the arrangement, electromagnetic coupling possibly generated between different synthesis paths is reduced in the subsequent full differential power synthesis process. While the power divider 213 achieves impedance transformation and power division, so that the integration of the power amplifier 100 is higher. The first inter-stage matching network 202 matches the optimal output impedance of the first stage amplification unit 101 to the conjugate impedance of the input of the second stage amplification unit 102.
The center tap formed by the first transformer T1 and the second transformer T2 and the first resonance capacitor C1 form a harmonic suppression circuit, so as to improve the linearity of the power amplifier 100. The center tap also provides power and bias for the power amplifier 100, enhancing the circuit performance of the power amplifier 100.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2 based on the above embodiment, the power divider 213 may include: the first transmission line TL1 and the second transmission line TL2, the first end of the first transmission line TL1 being the second end of the power divider 213, the second end of the first transmission line TL1 being connected to the first end of the second transmission line TL2 being the first end of the power divider 213, the second end of the second transmission line TL2 being the third end of the power divider 213.
Specifically, the first transmission line TL1 and the second transmission line TL2 are used for adjusting the phase of the transformer, and are part of the transformer, and the first transmission line TL1 and the second transmission line TL2 participate in impedance matching and power synthesis. The power divider 213 divides the circuit of the single input TLFin into differential signals through the first transmission line TL1 and the second transmission line TL 2. The more the number of paths the power divider 213 divides, the fewer the number of power stage dies per path, the fewer the number of dies, the easier it is to maintain bias and match consistency, guaranteeing the performance of the circuit of the power amplifier 100.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2 based on the foregoing embodiment, the first inter-stage matching network 203 includes: a third transformer T3, a fourth transformer T4, a first power divider 2131, a second power divider 2132, a second resonant capacitor C2, and a third resonant capacitor C3; the main coil and the second resonant capacitor C2 of the third transformer T3 are connected in parallel to the output end of the first amplifier DA1, the secondary coil of the third transformer T3 is connected to the first input end and the second input end of the first power divider 2131, the first output end and the second output end of the first power divider 2131 are connected to the input end of the third amplifier PA1 of the third stage amplifying unit 103, and the third output end and the fourth output end of the first power divider 2131 are connected to the input end of the fourth amplifier PA2 of the second stage amplifying unit 102; the primary winding of the fourth transformer T4 and the third resonant capacitor C3 are connected in parallel to the output end of the second amplifier DA2, the secondary winding of the fourth transformer T4 is connected to the first input end and the second input end of the second power divider 2132, the first output end and the second output end of the second power divider 2132 are connected to the input end of the fifth amplifier PA3 of the third stage amplifying unit 103, and the third output end and the fourth output end of the second power divider 2132 are connected to the input end of the sixth amplifier PA4 of the second stage amplifying unit 102.
Specifically, the primary coil of the third transformer T3 is connected in parallel with the second resonant capacitor C2 to form a resonant network. The center tap of the main stage coil of the third transformer T3 is connected to the power supply circuit of the first amplifier DA1 of the second stage amplifying unit 102, and is connected to the second resonant capacitor C2, so that the higher harmonic of the first amplifier DA1 of the second stage amplifying unit 102 can be filtered. The center tap of the secondary winding of the third transformer T3 provides bias power for the third amplifier PA1 and the fourth amplifier PA2 of the third stage amplification unit 103.
The main-stage coil of the fourth transformer T4 is connected in parallel with the third resonance capacitor C3 to form a resonance network. The center tap of the main stage coil of the fourth transformer T4 is connected to the power supply circuit of the second amplifier DA2 of the second stage amplifying unit 102, and is connected to the third resonant capacitor C3, so that the higher harmonic of the second amplifier DA2 of the second stage amplifying unit 102 can be filtered. The center tap of the secondary winding of the fourth transformer T4 provides bias supply for the fifth amplifier PA3 and the sixth amplifier PA4 of the third stage amplification unit 103.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2 based on the above embodiment, the first power divider 2131 may include: a third transmission line TL3, a fourth transmission line TL4, a fifth transmission line TL5, and a sixth transmission line TL6; the second end of the third transmission line TL3 and the first end of the fourth transmission line TL4 are connected to the first input end of the first power divider 2131; the second end of the fifth transmission line TL5 and the first end of the sixth transmission line TL6 are connected to the second input end of the first power divider 2131; the first end of the third transmission line TL3 serves as the first output end of the first power divider 2131, and the second end of the fourth transmission line TL4 serves as the third output end of the first power divider 2131; the first end of the fifth transmission line TL5 serves as the second output of the first power divider 2131, and the second end of the sixth transmission line TL6 serves as the fourth output of the first power divider 2131.
The second power divider 2132 may include: a seventh transmission line TL7, an eighth transmission line TL8, a ninth transmission line TL9, and a tenth transmission line TL10; the second end of the seventh transmission line TL7 and the first end of the eighth transmission line TL8 are connected to the first input end of the second power divider 2132; the second end of the ninth transmission line TL9 and the first end of the tenth transmission line TL10 are connected to the second input end of the second power divider 2132; the first end of the seventh transmission line TL7 serves as the first output end of the second power divider 2132, and the second end of the eighth transmission line TL8 serves as the third output end of the second power divider 2132; the first end of the ninth transmission line TL9 serves as the second output of the second power divider 2132 and the second end of the tenth transmission line TL10 serves as the fourth output of the second power divider 2132.
Specifically, the third transmission line TL3, the fourth transmission line TL4, the fifth transmission line TL5, and the sixth transmission line TL6 are mainly used for power distribution. The seventh transmission line TL7, the eighth transmission line TL8, the ninth transmission line TL9, and the tenth transmission line TL10 are mainly used for power distribution. The signal output from the third transformer T3 is divided into two differential signals by providing the first power divider 2131, and the signal output from the fourth transformer T4 is divided into two differential signals by providing the second power divider 2132. The first signal is divided into four differential signals by stages by the first power divider 2131 and the second power divider 2132. Since the greater the number of paths split, the fewer the number of power stage dies per path, the fewer die numbers will more easily maintain bias and match consistency, guaranteeing the performance of the circuit of power amplifier 100.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2 based on the above embodiment, the output matching network 204 includes: a fifth transformer T5, a sixth transformer T6, a seventh transformer T7, an eighth transformer T8, an eleventh transmission line TL11 and a twelfth transmission line TL12. The main stage coil of the fifth transformer T5 is connected to the output end of the third amplifier PA of the third stage amplifying unit 103, the first end of the secondary coil of the fifth transformer T5 is connected to the first end of the eleventh transmission line TL11, and the second end of the eleventh transmission line TL11 and the first end of the twelfth transmission line TL12 are connected to the output end RFout; the main stage coil of the sixth transformer T6 is connected to the output end of the fourth amplifier PA2 of the third stage amplifying unit 103, the first end of the secondary coil of the sixth transformer T6 is connected to the second end of the secondary coil of the fifth transformer T5, and the second end of the secondary coil of the sixth transformer T6 is grounded; the primary winding of the seventh transformer T7 is connected to the output terminal of the sixth amplifier PA4 of the third stage amplifying unit 103, the first terminal of the secondary winding of the seventh transformer T7 is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth transmission line TL12, and the second terminal of the twelfth transmission line TL12 and the first terminal of the eleventh transmission line TL11 are connected to the output terminal RFout; the main stage coil of the eighth transformer T8 is connected to the output terminal of the fifth amplifier PA3 of the third stage amplifying unit 103, the first terminal of the secondary coil of the eighth transformer T8 is connected to the second terminal of the secondary coil of the seventh transformer T7, and the second terminal of the secondary coil of the eighth transformer T8 is grounded.
Specifically, the series combining network formed by the fifth transformer T5, the sixth transformer T6 and the eleventh transmission line TL11 is directly connected in parallel with the series combining network formed by the seventh transformer T7, the eighth transformer T8 and the twelfth transmission line TL12, so as to be assembled into an output end RFout, and output the second signal. The second signal may be a radio frequency signal. The eleventh transmission line TL11 and the twelfth transmission line TL12 participate in impedance matching and power synthesis.
Illustratively, the fifth transformer T5, the sixth transformer T6, and the eleventh transmission line TL11 constitute a series combining network, and the seventh transformer T7, the eighth transformer T8, and the twelfth transmission line TL12 constitute a series combining network. The two series combining networks are directly connected in parallel to form a transformer balun, and the impedance of the output radio frequency signal is matched to the required 50Ohm.
The fifth transformer T5, the sixth transformer T6, the seventh transformer T7, and the eighth transformer T8 of the output matching network 204 are arranged so as to realize broadband matching and increase the impedance transformation ratio. GaAs is more suitable for realizing transformer-based differential synthesis circuits than silicon-based processes. The substrate loss of the GaAs process is smaller, so that the Q value of the passive element is higher, the synthesis efficiency of the transformer is correspondingly higher, and the loss of the matching network is lower.
In addition, a high Q value enables a higher coupling coefficient K, resulting in a wider bandwidth for the transformer. In the aspect of layout design, compared with a single-end matching area based on lumped elements, the transformer has the advantages of smaller loss and higher integration level.
The arrangement is such that the output matching network 204 improves the impedance transformation ratio by hybrid synthesis, so that the circuits of the power amplifier 100 are easier to match, the bandwidth that can be matched is wider, and the area of the matching network is smaller. The power synthesis is performed through the output matching network 204, and the symmetrical circuit layout design of the output matching network 204 reduces the interference among different power levels, improves the power synthesis efficiency, and further improves the power amplification efficiency of the power amplifier 100.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2 based on the foregoing embodiment, the output matching network 204 may further include: a fourth resonance capacitor C4, a fifth resonance capacitor C5, a sixth resonance capacitor C6, a seventh resonance capacitor C7, and an eighth resonance capacitor C8; the fourth resonant capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with the main stage coil of the fifth transformer T5, the fifth resonant capacitor C5 is connected in parallel with the main stage coil of the sixth transformer T6, the sixth resonant capacitor C6 is connected in parallel with the main stage coil of the seventh transformer T7, the seventh resonant capacitor C7 is connected in parallel with the main stage coil of the eighth transformer T8, and the eighth resonant capacitor C8 is connected between the output terminal RFout and the ground terminal.
Specifically, the fourth resonant capacitor C4 and the fifth transformer T5 are connected in parallel to form a resonant network. The fifth resonant capacitor C5 is connected in parallel with the primary winding of the sixth transformer T6 to form a resonant network. The sixth resonant capacitor C6 is connected in parallel with the primary winding of the seventh transformer T7 to form a resonant network. The seventh resonant capacitor C7 is connected in parallel with the primary winding of the eighth transformer T8 to form a resonant network.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2 based on the above embodiment, the power amplifier 100 may further include: the single-ended matching network 201, the single-ended matching network 201 is connected between the input terminal RFin and the first stage amplifying unit 101.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2 based on the above embodiments, the single-ended matching network 201 may include: the input terminal RFin is connected to the first end of the first inductor L1 and the first end of the ninth resonant capacitor C9, the second end of the first inductor L1 is grounded, and the first end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the second end of the ninth resonant capacitor C9 and the input terminal of the first-stage amplifying unit 101.
Specifically, the conjugate impedance of the input end of the first-stage amplifying unit 101 can be matched to 50Ohm, and the high-pass characteristic of the matching network has a certain inhibition effect on low-frequency spurious.
The invention provides an electronic device, which comprises the power amplifier provided by any embodiment, and has the beneficial effects of the power amplifier provided by any embodiment, and the description is omitted herein.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A power amplifier, comprising:
an input terminal for inputting a first signal;
at least two stages of amplifying units for amplifying the first signal inputted;
the interstage matching network is connected between the adjacent two-stage amplifying units and is of a symmetrical transformer structure;
the output matching network is connected with the amplifying unit at the last stage and is used for carrying out power synthesis and outputting a second signal; wherein the power of the second signal is greater than the power of the first signal.
2. The power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the amplifying unit includes:
the first-stage amplifying unit, the second-stage amplifying unit and the third-stage amplifying unit;
the first-stage amplifying unit is connected with the input end, and the second-stage amplifying unit is connected between the first-stage amplifying unit and the third-stage amplifying unit;
the third-stage amplifying unit is connected with the output matching network.
3. The power amplifier of claim 2, wherein the inter-stage matching network comprises:
the first inter-stage matching network is connected between the first-stage amplifying unit and the second-stage amplifying unit, and is of a symmetrical structure;
the second interstage matching network is connected between the second stage amplifying unit and the third stage amplifying unit, and the second interstage matching network is of a symmetrical structure.
4. A power amplifier according to claim 3, wherein the first inter-stage matching network comprises:
a first transformer, a second transformer, a power divider and a first resonance capacitor,
the first end of the power divider is connected with the output end of the first-stage amplifying unit and the first end of the first resonant capacitor, the second end of the power divider is connected with the first end of the main-stage coil of the first transformer, the third end of the power divider is connected with the first end of the main-stage coil of the second transformer, and the second end of the resonant capacitor is connected with the second end of the main-stage coil of the first transformer, the second end of the main-stage coil of the second transformer and the power supply;
the secondary coil of the first transformer is connected with the input end of the first amplifier of the second-stage amplifying unit; the secondary coil of the second transformer is connected with the input end of the second amplifier of the second-stage amplifying unit.
5. The power amplifier of claim 4, wherein the power divider comprises:
the first end of the first transmission line is used as the second end of the power divider, the second end of the first transmission line is connected with the first end of the second transmission line and used as the first end of the power divider, and the second end of the second transmission line is used as the third end of the power divider.
6. The power amplifier of claim 4, wherein the second inter-stage matching network comprises:
the first power divider is connected with the second power divider through a first power divider, and the second power divider is connected with the third transformer through a second power divider;
the primary coil and the second resonant capacitor of the third transformer are connected in parallel to the output end of the first amplifier, the secondary coil of the third transformer is connected to the first input end and the second input end of the first power divider, the first output end and the second output end of the first power divider are connected with the input end of the third amplifier of the third-stage amplifying unit, and the third output end and the fourth output end of the first power divider are connected with the input end of the fourth amplifier of the second-stage amplifying unit;
the primary coil of the fourth transformer and the third resonant capacitor are connected in parallel to the output end of the second amplifier, the secondary coil of the fourth transformer is connected to the first input end and the second input end of the second power divider, the first output end and the second output end of the second power divider are connected with the input end of the fifth amplifier of the third-stage amplifying unit, and the third output end and the fourth output end of the second power divider are connected with the input end of the sixth amplifier of the second-stage amplifying unit.
7. The power amplifier of claim 6, wherein,
the first power divider includes: a third transmission line, a fourth transmission line, a fifth transmission line, and a sixth transmission line;
the second end of the third transmission line and the first end of the fourth transmission line are connected to the first input end of the first power divider; the second end of the fifth transmission line and the first end of the sixth transmission line are connected to the second input end of the first power divider; the first end of the third transmission line is used as a first output end of the first power divider, and the second end of the fourth transmission line is used as a third output end of the first power divider;
the first end of the fifth transmission line is used as the second output end of the first power divider, and the second end of the sixth transmission line is used as the fourth output end of the first power divider;
the second power divider includes: a seventh transmission line, an eighth transmission line, a ninth transmission line, and a tenth transmission line;
the second end of the seventh transmission line and the first end of the eighth transmission line are connected to the first input end of the second power divider; the second end of the ninth transmission line and the first end of the tenth transmission line are connected to the second input end of the second power divider; the first end of the seventh transmission line is used as a first output end of the second power divider, and the second end of the eighth transmission line is used as a third output end of the second power divider;
the first end of the ninth transmission line is used as the second output end of the second power divider, and the second end of the tenth transmission line is used as the fourth output end of the second power divider.
8. The power amplifier of claim 2, wherein the output matching network comprises:
a fifth transformer, a sixth transformer, a seventh transformer, an eighth transformer, an eleventh transmission line, and a twelfth transmission line;
the main-stage coil of the fifth transformer is connected with the output end of the third amplifier of the third-stage amplifying unit, the first end of the secondary coil of the fifth transformer is connected with the first end of an eleventh transmission line, and the second end of the eleventh transmission line and the first end of the twelfth transmission line are connected with the output end;
the primary coil of the sixth transformer is connected with the output end of the fourth amplifier of the third-stage amplifying unit, the first end of the secondary coil of the sixth transformer is connected with the second end of the secondary coil of the fifth transformer, and the second end of the secondary coil of the sixth transformer is grounded;
a main-stage coil of a seventh transformer is connected with an output end of a sixth amplifier of the third-stage amplifying unit, a first end of a secondary coil of the seventh transformer is connected with a first end of a twelfth transmission line, and a second end of the twelfth transmission line and a first end of the eleventh transmission line are connected with the output end;
the main stage coil of the eighth transformer is connected with the output end of the fifth amplifier of the third stage amplifying unit, the first end of the secondary coil of the eighth transformer is connected with the second end of the secondary coil of the seventh transformer, and the second end of the secondary coil of the eighth transformer is grounded.
9. The power amplifier of claim 8, wherein the power amplifier is configured to provide the power amplifier,
the output matching network further comprises: a fourth resonance capacitor, a fifth resonance capacitor, a sixth resonance capacitor, a seventh resonance capacitor, and an eighth resonance capacitor;
the fourth resonant capacitor is connected with the main-stage coil of the fifth transformer in parallel, the fifth resonant capacitor is connected with the main-stage coil of the sixth transformer in parallel, the sixth resonant capacitor is connected with the main-stage coil of the seventh transformer in parallel, the seventh resonant capacitor is connected with the main-stage coil of the eighth transformer in parallel, and the eighth resonant capacitor is connected between the output end and the ground end;
preferably, the power amplifier further comprises: the single-ended matching network is connected between the input end and the first-stage amplifying unit;
preferably, the single-ended matching network includes: the first end of the first inductor is connected with the first end of the ninth resonant capacitor, the second end of the first inductor is grounded, and the first end of the second inductor is connected with the second end of the ninth resonant capacitor and the input end of the first-stage amplifying unit.
10. An electronic device comprising the power amplifier of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117394808A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-12 | 烟台睿创微纳技术股份有限公司 | Power amplifier |
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| CN117394808A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-12 | 烟台睿创微纳技术股份有限公司 | Power amplifier |
| CN117394808B (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-03-26 | 烟台睿创微纳技术股份有限公司 | Power amplifier |
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