CN116609794A - Single-pixel imaging method, device and equipment based on radial Chebyshev light field - Google Patents
Single-pixel imaging method, device and equipment based on radial Chebyshev light field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to a single-pixel imaging method, device and equipment based on a radial Chebyshev light field. The method comprises the following steps: and designing a radial Chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence. And performing intensity modulation on the laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, irradiating the target image by adopting the first laser, and generating an echo signal sequence of the target image. And determining the mass center of the target image through the geometrical moment light field, and acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the mass center. Classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain target image characteristics, and performing single-pixel imaging according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image. By adopting the method, the invariant factors can be extracted before the image is reconstructed to classify the target image, so that the target identification efficiency and the imaging speed of the single-pixel imaging system under the undersampling condition are improved, and the imaging precision and accuracy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser detection imaging, in particular to a single-pixel imaging method, device and equipment based on a radial Chebyshev light field.
Background
In the conventional optical imaging technology, an array detector (such as a CCD or a CMOS) using silicon as a photosensitive material is used for acquiring object information, and the spectral response range of silicon is mainly in the visible light band, so that the response light band is narrower during imaging. In addition, the imaging quality when an array detector is used for imaging is influenced by the number of photons received by the detector, so that the imaging capability of clearly imaging a dark and weak target is weak. In order to solve the problems faced by conventional imaging, single pixel imaging technology has been rapidly developed. The general principle of single-pixel imaging techniques is to generate a structured light field with a spatial light modulator and project the structured light field onto an object through a lens system, and finally measure the intensity of light reflected or transmitted by the object by a single-pixel detector. The computer can reconstruct the object image by adopting a special reconstruction algorithm according to the intensity distribution of the structural light field and the light intensity received by the single-pixel detector. Recent studies have found that the intensity distribution of the illumination structure light field is preferably a set of orthogonal bases, so that the illumination process can be equivalent to some kind of spatial transformation, while the image reconstruction is equivalent to the inverse of such spatial transformation. Such single pixel imaging techniques based on orthogonal light fields tend to yield excellent imaging quality. Hadamard, fourier, etc. fields belong to this orthogonal field.
Because the single-pixel imaging technology has the advantages of good beam directivity, strong imaging capability of dark and weak targets and the like, the single-pixel imaging technology has extremely high application value in the fields of laser radar detection and the like, but is limited by the imaging principle, the single-pixel imaging technology also faces some problems to be solved urgently, the single-pixel imaging technology is used for reconstructing images and needs a large amount of structural light field to illuminate objects, and although the current academy has developed single-pixel imaging devices with light field modulation frequencies above Ghz and sampling frequencies, the single-pixel imaging devices are difficult to realize high-quality and high-precision image reconstruction under the undersampling condition for application scenes with very high real-time requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a single-pixel imaging method, device and equipment based on radial chebyshev light field, which can realize real-time high-quality image reconstruction under the condition of extreme undersampling.
A single-pixel imaging method based on a radial chebyshev light field, the method comprising:
and designing a radial Chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence.
And performing intensity modulation on the laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, irradiating the target image by adopting the first laser, and generating an echo signal sequence of the target image.
And determining the mass center of the target image through the geometrical moment light field, and acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the mass center.
Classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain target image characteristics, and performing single-pixel imaging according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: according to the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moment, a radial Chebyshev light field is designed, and a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence is obtained:
；
；
wherein ,for the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For the imaginary part of the intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field>Is a radial chebyshev polynomial,nfor the circumferential maximum sample rate number of the radial chebyshev light field,mto take the following measuresrAs the number of pixels on the circumference of the radius,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,kis the circumferential sampling interval.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and performing intensity modulation on laser through a spatial light modulator according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, irradiating the first laser to a target image, receiving echo signals of the target image by using a single-pixel detector, and generating an echo signal sequence.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and determining the centroid of the target image through the geometrical moment light field, adjusting the spot position of the first laser according to the position of the centroid, determining the intensity of an echo signal received by the single-pixel detector, and acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal.
In one embodiment, the invariant factor comprises: the rotation invariant factor and the scale invariant factor, further comprising:
acquiring a rotation invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal:
；
wherein ,for the rotation invariant factor of the target image, +.>To adopt->Echo signal received by single-pixel detector during illuminationIntensity of->To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>For the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For an imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition degree of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,>the intensity of the equivalent echo signal for the radial chebyshev optical field.
And acquiring a scale invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal:
；
wherein ,For the scale invariant factor of the target image, +.>Intensity of equivalent echo signal for radial chebyshev optical field, < >>The intensity of the equivalent echo signal for radial chebyshev light field illumination with an order of 0 and a circumferential repetition of 0.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: classifying the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moment of the target image by using the invariant factors, sorting the orders of the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moment from low to high to obtain the target image characteristics, and calculating by adopting a single-pixel imaging technology according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image:
；
wherein ,reconstructed target image +.>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>For the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For an imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field,nfor the number of fields in the radial Chebyshev field that are involved in the imaging of the target image,/for the radial Chebyshev field>Is an imaginary symbol.
A single-pixel imaging device based on a radial chebyshev light field, the device comprising:
The intensity matrix sequence acquisition module is used for designing a radial Chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence.
The echo signal sequence generating module is used for modulating the intensity of the laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, irradiating the target image by adopting the first laser, and generating an echo signal sequence of the target image.
And the invariant factor acquisition module is used for determining the mass center of the target image through the geometrical moment light field and acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the mass center.
And the reconstruction image module is used for classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain target image characteristics, and carrying out single-pixel imaging according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image.
In one embodiment, the echo signal sequence generating module is further configured to intensity modulate the laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence through the spatial light modulator, output a first laser, irradiate the first laser to the target image, and receive an echo signal of the target image by using the single-pixel detector, so as to generate the echo signal sequence.
In one embodiment, the invariant factor obtaining module is further configured to determine a centroid of the target image through the geometric moment light field, adjust a spot position of the first laser according to a position of the centroid, determine an intensity of an echo signal received by the single-pixel detector, and obtain an invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal.
A computer device comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor which when executing the computer program performs the steps of:
and designing a radial Chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence.
And performing intensity modulation on the laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, irradiating the target image by adopting the first laser, and generating an echo signal sequence of the target image.
And determining the mass center of the target image through the geometrical moment light field, and acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the mass center.
Classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain target image characteristics, and performing single-pixel imaging according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image.
According to the single-pixel imaging method, the device and the equipment based on the radial Chebyshev light field, the radial Chebyshev light field is designed to obtain the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, the distribution characteristics of the radial Chebyshev structure light field in space can be described by the sequence, laser can be controlled through intensity modulation, the first laser is emitted to irradiate the target image, an echo signal sequence is obtained, and therefore high-precision control and orientation of the laser beam are achieved, and echo signals are obtained. The centroid of the target image is determined through the geometrical moment light field, so that the invariant factor of the target image is obtained, the detail information of the target image can be obtained before the target is imaged, the target image characteristics are obtained, the classification of the target image characteristics is realized, and the real-time performance of the method is high. And finally, classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain key image features of the reconstructed target image, and performing single-pixel imaging according to the target image features, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the high-quality target image. In addition, compared with the existing single-pixel imaging technology, in the two-dimensional structure light field of the radial Chebyshev, the method can realize real-time high-precision and high-quality image reconstruction under the condition that the illumination structure light field is insufficient under the condition of undersampling or extreme undersampling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an application scenario diagram of a single-pixel imaging method based on a radial Chebyshev light field in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a single-pixel imaging method based on a radial Chebyshev light field in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for single pixel imaging and object classification based on a radial Chebyshev light field in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix employing a radial Chebyshev light field in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of classification target effects based on rotational invariance factors in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of classification target effects based on scale invariance factors in one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a target object image reconstructed under undersampling conditions in one embodiment, wherein FIG. 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of a target object image reconstructed under undersampling conditions in a radial Chebyshev light field, and FIG. 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of a target object image reconstructed under undersampling conditions in a Walsh-order Hadamard light field;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a single-pixel imaging device based on a radial Chebyshev light field in one embodiment;
fig. 9 is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
The single-pixel imaging method based on the radial Chebyshev light field can be applied to an application environment of a single-pixel imaging system shown in fig. 1. The system comprises a computer PC end, a DMD spatial light modulator, a laser emitter, a target image, a condensing lens, a single-pixel detector and the like, wherein the single-pixel detector is a single-pixel detector. The specific laser imaging process is as follows: after laser intensity modulation is carried out through the DMD spatial light modulator, laser beams are irradiated into the target image again, the number of radial Chebyshev light fields and the pixel values of the reconstruction pixels are collected through the single-pixel detector, and the target image is reconstructed after data processing is carried out through the PC end of the computer.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a single-pixel imaging method based on a radial chebyshev light field is provided, and the method is applied to the single-pixel imaging system in fig. 1 for illustration, and includes the following steps:
Step 202, designing a radial Chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence.
Specifically, a radial Chebyshev light field is designed through an imaging principle of a single-pixel imaging system, and a radial Chebyshev image moment of a target image is constructed by taking the product of a Chebyshev polynomial and a round harmonic function as a kernel function:
；
wherein ,for radial chebyshev moment, +.>Is a target image, the size of which is N x N,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition degree of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,>is a radial chebyshev polynomial,for the number of pixels of the chebyshev polynomial in radial direction,/for the number of pixels of the chebyshev polynomial in radial direction>，/>As a function of the harmonics of the circle,nfor the number of circumferential maximum sampling rates of the radial chebyshev light field, < >>For polar angle>Is the radius of the circle which is the radius of the circle,kfor the circumferential sampling interval, the radial chebyshev polynomial is then converted into:
；
according to the orthogonal function theory, a radial Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial is taken as a kernel function, and a target image is converted into:
；
wherein ,for polar angle>For the phase term->For radial chebyshev moment, +.>For the chebyshev polynomials,nfor the circumferential maximum sample rate number of the radial chebyshev light field, kIs the circumferential sampling interval.
Further, the real and imaginary parts of the transformed radial chebyshev image moment are generated:
；
；
wherein ,for the real part of the transformed radial chebyshev image moment,/>For the imaginary part of the converted radial chebyshev image moment,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev image moment,qfor the degree of repetition of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev image moment,>reconstructed isA target image.
Further, by combining an imaging reconstruction model of a single-pixel detector, a reconstruction principle expression of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev image is obtained as follows:
；
wherein ,maximum number of frames for radial chebyshev structured light field, ++>Is->The radial Chebyshev structure light field is obtained by combining a real part two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix and an imaginary part two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix, and the light field is +.>The>The intensity of the equivalent echo signals of the individual chebyshev light fields is calculated by taking the modulus of the illumination echo by adopting a real part two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix and an imaginary part two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix. />Is a reconstructed image based on a two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field.
Further, according to the laser intensity received by the single-pixel detector, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev orthogonal light field in single-pixel imaging is obtained as follows:
；
；
wherein ,for the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For the imaginary part of the intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field>Is a radial chebyshev polynomial,nfor the circumferential maximum sample rate number of the radial chebyshev light field,mto take the following measuresrAs the number of pixels on the circumference of the radius,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,kis the circumferential sampling interval.
And 204, performing intensity modulation on the laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, and irradiating the target image with the first laser to generate an echo signal sequence of the target image.
Specifically, the intensity of the laser of illumination is modulated by using a DMD spatial light modulator according to a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, so as to obtain the intensity of the echo signal, namely:
；
wherein ,for the first laser light output by the laser transmitter after intensity modulation,>for inputting the original laser of the laser transmitter, +.>For the real or imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial Chebyshev light field, < >>Is->Representing the real part,/-, of>Is->Representing the imaginary part, will->Loading on DMD spatial light modulator to perform intensity modulation to obtain first laser +. >Irradiating a first laser to a target image or an object through a laser emitter, and receiving a laser echo signal of the target image or the object by utilizing a single-pixel detector to obtain the intensity of the echo signal> and />, wherein ,/>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal of single pixel detector during illumination,/->To adopt->The intensity of the echo signal of the single pixel detector at illumination.
In step 206, the centroid of the target image is determined through the geometrical moment light field, and the invariant factor of the target image is obtained according to the centroid.
The invariant factors include: rotation invariant factors and scale invariant factors.
Specifically, the centroid position of a target image in a radial chebyshev light field is calculated by utilizing geometric moment light field illumination, and a single pixel detector is adjusted through a condensing lens, so that the center of an illumination light spot of first laser is aligned with the centroid of the target image or an object, and a rotation invariant factor of a laser echo of the target image is obtained according to the centroid position:
；
wherein ,for the rotation invariant factor of the target image, +.>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal of single pixel detector during illumination,/->To adopt->Intensity of echo signal of single pixel detector during illumination,/->For the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +. >For an imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition degree of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,>for the rotation invariant factor of the target image, +.>Is the intensity of the equivalent echo signal of the radial chebyshev optical field.
And acquiring a scale invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal:
；
wherein ,for the scale invariant factor of the target image, +.>Intensity of equivalent echo signal for radial chebyshev optical field, < >>The intensity of the equivalent echo signal of the radial chebyshev light field illumination with 0 order and 0 circumferential repetition is equal in value to the gray mean value of the target image, and:
；
i.e., the intensity of the echo signal after illuminating an image or object with a uniform light field in single pixel imaging, wherein,nfor the number of scale sample rates of the target image,mto target imagerThe number of pixels on the circumference of the radius, a, is the set of pixels on the circumference of the target image.
And step 208, classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain target image characteristics, and performing single-pixel imaging according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image.
Sorting the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moments according to the order of the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moments from low to high, sorting the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moments of the target image by using a constant factor, sorting the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moments from low to high to obtain target image features, and obtaining a reconstructed target image by using a single-pixel imaging technology through a computer PC end calculation program and taking the target image features, a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and an echo signal sequence as input data:
；
wherein ,reconstructed target image +.>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>For the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For an imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field,nfor the number of fields in the radial Chebyshev field that are involved in the imaging of the target image,/for the radial Chebyshev field>As imaginary symbols, a target image can be obtained by reconstructing the expression therefrom.
According to the single-pixel imaging method, the device and the equipment based on the radial Chebyshev light field, the radial Chebyshev light field is designed to obtain the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, the distribution characteristics of the radial Chebyshev structure light field in space can be described by the sequence, laser can be controlled through intensity modulation, the first laser is emitted to irradiate the target image, an echo signal sequence is obtained, and therefore high-precision control and orientation of the laser beam are achieved, and echo signals are obtained. The centroid of the target image is determined through the geometrical moment light field, so that the invariant factor of the target image is obtained, the detail information of the target image can be obtained before the target is imaged, the target image characteristics are obtained, the classification of the target image characteristics is realized, and the real-time performance of the method is high. And finally, classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain key image features of the reconstructed target image, and performing single-pixel imaging according to the target image features, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the high-quality target image. In addition, compared with the existing single-pixel imaging technology, in the two-dimensional structure light field of the radial Chebyshev, the method can realize real-time high-precision and high-quality image reconstruction under the condition that the illumination structure light field is insufficient under the condition of undersampling or extreme undersampling.
In one embodiment, a radial chebyshev light field is designed according to a two-dimensional radial chebyshev image moment to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence:
；
；
wherein ,for the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For the imaginary part of the intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field>Is a radial chebyshev polynomial,nfor the circumferential maximum sample rate number of the radial chebyshev light field,mto take the following measuresrAs the number of pixels on the circumference of the radius,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,kis the circumferential sampling interval.
In one embodiment, the laser is intensity modulated by a spatial light modulator according to a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, a first laser is output, the first laser is irradiated to a target image, an echo signal of the target image is received by a single-pixel detector, and an echo signal sequence is generated.
It is worth noting that, intensity modulation is carried out on laser through the spatial light modulator, high-precision irradiation on a target image can be achieved, the single-pixel detector receives echo signals of the target image, more accurate irradiation control can be achieved compared with a traditional laser irradiation mode, high-sensitivity detection on the target image is achieved, rapid imaging speed is achieved, meanwhile imaging precision and accuracy are guaranteed, and the method is suitable for application scenes needing real-time imaging.
In one embodiment, the centroid of the target image is determined through the geometrical moment light field, the spot position of the first laser is adjusted according to the position of the centroid, the intensity of the echo signal received by the single-pixel detector is determined, and the invariant factor of the target image is obtained according to the intensity of the echo signal.
In one embodiment, the invariant factor comprises: the rotation invariant factor and the scale invariant factor are used for acquiring the rotation invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal:
；
wherein ,for the rotation invariant factor of the target image, +.>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>Respectively adopt->The intensity of the echo signal received by the single pixel detector at the time of illumination,for the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For an imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,the intensity of the equivalent echo signal for the radial chebyshev optical field.
And acquiring a scale invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal:
；
wherein ,for the scale invariant factor of the target image, +. >Intensity of equivalent echo signal for radial chebyshev optical field, < >>The intensity of the equivalent echo signal of the radial chebyshev light field illumination with the order of 0 and the circumferential repetition of 0 is equal to the gray average value of the target image in value.
It is worth noting that the invariant factor is a certain inherent characteristic of the target image or object, the inherent characteristic is not changed along with the change of environment and conditions, the translational invariance can be obtained by translating the origin of the target image or object to the mass center of the image or object, no matter how the image or object is translated, the moment of each order of radial chebyshev image is invariable, in the single-pixel imaging process, the condensing lens is adjusted according to the calculated mass center position, so that the center of an illumination light spot is aligned with the target mass center, and the intensity of a signal received by the single-pixel detector can be ensured not to be changed along with the movement of the target. In addition, the centroid position of the target image or the object can be measured through the illumination of the geometric moment light field, and particularly, the centroid of the target image or the object can be determined only by 3 frames of illumination of the geometric moment light field, further, the rotation and scale invariance factors of the target image or the object are extracted through keeping the translation invariance, the definition and the precision of imaging can be effectively improved, the stability and the robustness of the imaging are improved, the characteristic information of the target can be extracted before the target image is reconstructed, the imaging has extremely strong instantaneity, the errors and the noise in the imaging are effectively eliminated, and the single-pixel detector can realize high-precision and high-quality imaging even under the condition of undersampling (the sampling rate is smaller than 1) or extreme sampling (the sampling rate is smaller than 0.1).
In one embodiment, the two-dimensional radial chebyshev image moment of the target image is classified by using the invariant factor, the orders of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev image moment are ordered from low to high to obtain the target image characteristics, and the target image is obtained by calculating the target image by adopting a single-pixel imaging technology according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence:
；
wherein ,reconstructed target image, +.>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>For the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For an imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field,nfor the number of fields in the radial Chebyshev field that are involved in the imaging of the target image,/for the radial Chebyshev field>Is an imaginary symbol.
It is worth to say that, according to the order from low to high of the Chebyshev polynomial, a small amount of radial Chebyshev orthogonal light field illumination targets can be used for reconstructing to obtain recognizable target images or objects, by reconstructing image moments, rotation invariant features and scale invariant features of the target images or object features can be extracted before reconstructing the images or objects, the rotation invariant features and scale invariant features are used as priori information before image reconstruction, the image features of the target images or objects can be directly classified and identified, two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequences, echo signal sequences and priori information are input into a computer PC end calculation program, the reconstructed target images are obtained through calculation by means of a single-pixel imaging technology, and then identification results are confirmed after the images are reconstructed, so that image reconstruction accuracy and quality are improved. In addition, when the prior information is not known, the targets can be classified according to the rotation invariant feature and the scale invariant feature of the target image or the object feature, and then the targets are identified according to the reconstructed image.
Therefore, the method not only can extract the rotation and scale invariance characteristics of the target and classify the target before reconstructing the image, but also can realize the reconstruction of the target image under the undersampling condition, thereby realizing the rapid extraction of the target characteristics under the single-pixel imaging system and the reconstruction of the image under the extreme undersampling condition, and improving the target identification efficiency and the imaging speed of the single-pixel imaging system.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the method steps of single-pixel imaging and object classification based on radial chebyshev light field are as follows:
(1) And designing and generating a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence of the radial Chebyshev light field according to the radial Chebyshev image moment, and loading the matrix sequence on the spatial light modulator.
(2) The space light modulator carries out intensity modulation on illumination laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, the modulated laser irradiates on a target object, and a single-pixel detector receives intensity signals of target echo to generate a target echo intensity signal sequence.
(3) The geometrical moment light field illumination is adopted, the mass center of the target is calculated, and the translation invariance of the target is ensured by aligning the center of the illumination laser beam to the mass center of the target. And calculating target rotation and scale invariance factors according to the intensity of the signal received by the single-pixel detector and classifying the targets.
(4) Reconstructing a target image according to a target image reconstruction formula according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence of the radial Chebyshev light field and the target echo intensity signal sequence, and identifying or confirming the target according to the requirement.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the target object discretizes into a size ofN×NA matrix of pixels, the actual size of the target object beingNdy×NdxWhereinNIs a positive integer which is used for the preparation of the high-voltage power supply,dx and dyRespectively one pixel atxAndygeometric dimension of the direction according to a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence:
；
；
generating a series of radial Chebyshev light field two-dimensional intensity distribution matrixes and />Wherein x and y are respectivelyxDirection and directionyThe pixel point coordinates of the direction are,pandqthe order and the circumferential repetition of the chebyshev polynomials, respectively, of which there are +.>，q=20. Matrix of two-dimensional intensity distribution> and />The method comprises the steps of sequentially loading the laser beams on a DMD spatial light modulator, modulating illumination laser according to a two-dimensional intensity dividing matrix of a radial Chebyshev light field by the DMD spatial light modulator, and irradiating the modulated laser beams on a target object. The intensity of the target echo signal is detected and recorded by adopting a single-pixel detector, and the storage of the signal intensity and the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix of the light field are in one-to-one correspondence. It should be noted that a transmissive target is used in fig. 1, and thus the detector receives illumination laser energy after passing through the object. The operations of calculating the invariance factor of the target, classifying and identifying the target, reconstructing the image and the like are all executed in the PC end of the computer.
In one embodiment, as shown in figure 4,for the real part of the radial chebyshev orthogonal light field,is the imaginary part of the radial chebyshev orthogonal light field,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repeatability of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev field, due to +.> and />Are all digital matrices representing the two-dimensional distribution of the intensity of the light field, so that they can be directly loaded onto the DMD spatial light modulator shown in FIG. 1 to realize the intensity modulation of the illumination laser, respectively obtainp=1，q=0、p=4，q=0、p=10，q=1 and p=51，qschematic of the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix corresponding to=5.
In one embodiment, the target is a A, B, C, D four letter image, wherein FIG. 5 shows the target classification effect based on the rotation invariance factor and FIG. 6 shows the target classification effect based on the scale invariance factor.
It should be noted that, in the target classification based on the rotation invariance factor, the above four letters are rotated by 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, 90 °, 105 °, 120 °, 135 °, 150 °, 175 °, respectively, and the rotation invariance factor of the four letters at different angles is calculated according to the received light intensity of the single pixel detector. In fig. 5, a cluster diagram is adopted to intuitively illustrate the classification effect of four letters after rotating for a plurality of angles, the cluster diagram takes the amplitudes of radial chebyshev image moments S43 and S33 as an ordinate and an abscissa respectively, and the amplitudes correspond to the radial chebyshev light fields with the same parameters. As can be seen in fig. 5, images with the same letter (or class) and different rotation angles can be clearly classified into one class.
In classification based on scale invariance factors, the four letters are respectively reduced by 0.8 times, 0.61 times, 0.41 times and 0.21 times, and the scale invariance factors of the four letters under different scaling scales are calculated according to the intensity of echo signals of the single pixel detector. In fig. 6, a cluster diagram is adopted to intuitively illustrate the classification effect of four letters scaled according to a plurality of scales, the cluster diagram takes the amplitudes of radial chebyshev image moments S21 and S12 as an ordinate and an abscissa respectively, and the amplitudes correspond to the radial chebyshev light fields with the same parameters. As can be seen from the cluster map in fig. 6, images with the same letters and different scale can be obviously classified into one type.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the resolution of the image is 128×128, where fig. 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of the target object image reconstructed under the undersampling condition of the radial chebyshev light field, and fig. 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of the target object image reconstructed under the undersampling condition of the walsh sequence hadamard light field, so that the number of light spots corresponding to the sampling rates n of 0.012, 0.024 and 0.305 are 200 frames, 400 frames and 5000 frames, respectively, and under the undersampling condition, the radial chebyshev light field still has a very strong target image reconstruction capability, and the reconstructed image is clearly distinguishable. It is particularly notable that 0.012 and 0.024 are extremely undersampled in single pixel imaging, at which conventional orthogonal light fields such as Hadamard codes (Hadamard) tend to have been ineffective in reconstructing the target image. The walsh sequence hadamard codes in fig. 7 (b) are optimally ordered hadamard code light fields with excellent undersampling imaging performance. However, under the above extreme undersampling condition, the walsh sequence hadamard light field cannot reconstruct the target image. Therefore, the method has extremely strong target image reconstruction capability under the extremely undersampling condition, and can be applied to scenes with higher real-time requirements on target detection and identification.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of fig. 2-3 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in fig. 2-3 may include multiple sub-steps or stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, nor does the order in which the sub-steps or stages are performed necessarily occur in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least a portion of the other steps or sub-steps of other steps.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, there is provided a single-pixel imaging device based on a radial chebyshev light field, comprising: an intensity matrix sequence acquisition module 802, an echo signal sequence generation module 804, a invariant factor acquisition module 806, and a reconstruction image module 808, wherein:
an intensity matrix sequence acquisition module 802 is configured to design a radial chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence.
The echo signal sequence generating module 804 is configured to perform intensity modulation on laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, output a first laser, and irradiate a target image with the first laser to generate an echo signal sequence of the target image.
The invariant factor obtaining module 806 is configured to determine a centroid of the target image through the geometric moment light field, and obtain an invariant factor of the target image according to the centroid.
And the reconstruction image module 808 is configured to classify the target image by using the invariant factor to obtain a target image feature, and perform single-pixel imaging according to the target image feature, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image.
In one embodiment, the echo signal sequence generating module 804 is further configured to intensity modulate the laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence through the spatial light modulator, output a first laser, irradiate the first laser to the target image, and receive the echo signal of the target image by using the single-pixel detector, so as to generate the echo signal sequence.
In one embodiment, the invariant factor obtaining module 806 is further configured to determine a centroid of the target image through the geometric moment light field, adjust a spot position of the first laser according to a position of the centroid, determine an intensity of an echo signal received by the single-pixel detector, and obtain an invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal.
For specific limitations on single-pixel imaging devices based on radial chebyshev light fields, reference may be made to the above limitations on single-pixel imaging methods based on radial chebyshev light fields, and no further description is given here. The various modules in the radial chebyshev light field based single-pixel imaging device described above may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and combinations thereof. The above modules may be embedded in hardware or may be independent of a processor in the computer device, or may be stored in software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor may call and execute operations corresponding to the above modules.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and the internal structure thereof may be as shown in fig. 9. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, a display screen, and an input device connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The network interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement a single-pixel imaging method based on a radial chebyshev light field. The display screen of the computer equipment can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer equipment can be a touch layer covered on the display screen, can also be keys, a track ball or a touch pad arranged on the shell of the computer equipment, and can also be an external keyboard, a touch pad or a mouse and the like.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the structures shown in fig. 8-9 are block diagrams of only portions of structures associated with the present inventive arrangements and are not limiting of the computer device to which the present inventive arrangements may be implemented, and that a particular computer device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may be combined with certain components, or have different arrangements of components.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor that when executing the computer program performs the steps of:
and designing a radial Chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence.
And performing intensity modulation on the laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, irradiating the target image by adopting the first laser, and generating an echo signal sequence of the target image.
And determining the mass center of the target image through the geometrical moment light field, and acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the mass center.
Classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain target image characteristics, and performing single-pixel imaging according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image.
In one embodiment, the processor when executing the computer program further performs the steps of: according to the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moment, a radial Chebyshev light field is designed, and a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence is obtained:
；
；/>
wherein ,for the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For the imaginary part of the intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field>Is a radial chebyshev polynomial,nfor the circumferential maximum sample rate number of the radial chebyshev light field,mto take the following measuresrAs the number of pixels on the circumference of the radius,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qis two-dimensionalThe repetition rate of the radial chebyshev light field,kis the circumferential sampling interval.
In one embodiment, the processor when executing the computer program further performs the steps of: and performing intensity modulation on laser through a spatial light modulator according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, irradiating the first laser to a target image, receiving echo signals of the target image by using a single-pixel detector, and generating an echo signal sequence.
In one embodiment, the processor when executing the computer program further performs the steps of: and determining the centroid of the target image through the geometrical moment light field, adjusting the spot position of the first laser according to the position of the centroid, determining the intensity of an echo signal received by the single-pixel detector, and acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal.
In one embodiment, the processor when executing the computer program further performs the steps of: the invariant factors include: the rotation invariant factor and the scale invariant factor are used for acquiring the rotation invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal:
；
wherein ,for the rotation invariant factor of the target image, +.>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>Respectively adopt->The intensity of the echo signal received by the single pixel detector at the time of illumination,for the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For an imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,the intensity of the equivalent echo signal for the radial chebyshev optical field.
And acquiring a scale invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal:
；
wherein ,for the scale invariant factor of the target image, +.>Intensity of equivalent echo signal for radial chebyshev optical field, < >>The intensity of the equivalent echo signal for radial chebyshev light field illumination with an order of 0 and a circumferential repetition of 0.
In one embodiment, the processor when executing the computer program further performs the steps of: classifying the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moment of the target image by using the invariant factors, sorting the orders of the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moment from low to high to obtain the target image characteristics, and calculating by adopting a single-pixel imaging technology according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image:
；
wherein ,reconstructed target image, +.>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>To adopt->Intensity of echo signal received by single pixel detector during illumination,/>For the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For an imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field,nfor the number of fields in the radial Chebyshev field that are involved in the imaging of the target image,/for the radial Chebyshev field>For imaginary sign。
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), among others.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of the application should be assessed as that of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A single-pixel imaging method based on a radial chebyshev light field, the method comprising:
designing a radial Chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence;
performing intensity modulation on laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, irradiating a target image by adopting the first laser, and generating an echo signal sequence of the target image;
Determining the mass center of the target image through a geometrical moment light field, and acquiring an invariant factor of the target image according to the mass center;
and classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain target image characteristics, and performing single-pixel imaging according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein designing a radial chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional sequence of intensity distribution matrices comprises:
according to the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moment, a radial Chebyshev light field is designed, and a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence is obtained:
；
；
wherein ,for the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For the imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field ++>Is a radial chebyshev polynomial,nfor the circumferential maximum number of sample rates of the radial chebyshev light field, mto take the following measuresrAs the number of pixels on the circumference of the radius,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field, kis the circumferential sampling interval.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein intensity modulating the laser light according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting a first laser light, illuminating a target image with the first laser light, generating an echo signal sequence for the target image, comprises:
and modulating the intensity of laser through a spatial light modulator according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, irradiating the first laser to the target image, receiving echo signals of the target image by using a single-pixel detector, and generating an echo signal sequence.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein determining the centroid of the target image from the geometrical moment light field, the invariant factor of the target image being obtained from the centroid, comprises:
and determining the centroid of the target image through a geometric moment light field, adjusting the spot position of the first laser according to the position of the centroid, determining the intensity of an echo signal received by the single-pixel detector, and acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the invariant factor comprises: rotation invariant factors and scale invariant factors;
Acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal, including:
acquiring a rotation invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal:
；
wherein ,for the rotation invariant factor of the target image, < >>To adopt->Intensity of the echo signal received by the single pixel detector during illumination, +.>To adopt->Intensity of the echo signal received by the single pixel detector during illumination, +.>For the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For the imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field,pfor the order of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,qfor the repetition degree of the two-dimensional radial chebyshev light field,/>The intensity of the echo signal equivalent to the radial chebyshev optical field;
and acquiring a scale invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal:
；
wherein ,scale invariant factor for said target image, < >>For the intensity of the echo signal equivalent to the radial chebyshev optical field, ++>The intensity of the echo signal equivalent to the radial chebyshev light field illumination of order 0 and circumferential repetition of 0.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein classifying the target image with the invariant factor to obtain a target image feature, performing single-pixel imaging based on the target image feature, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image, comprising:
classifying the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moment of the target image by using the invariant factors, sequencing the orders of the two-dimensional radial Chebyshev image moment from low to high to obtain target image characteristics, and calculating the target image by adopting a single-pixel imaging technology according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence:
；
wherein ,reconstructed target image, +.>To adopt->Intensity of the echo signal received by the single pixel detector during illumination, +.>To adopt->Intensity of the echo signal received by the single pixel detector during illumination, +.>For the real part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field +.>For the imaginary part intensity distribution matrix of the radial chebyshev light field, nFor the number of fields of the radial chebyshev field involved in the imaging of the target image,/->Is an imaginary symbol.
7. A single-pixel imaging device based on a radial chebyshev light field, said device comprising:
the intensity matrix sequence acquisition module is used for designing a radial Chebyshev light field to obtain a two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence;
the echo signal sequence generation module is used for carrying out intensity modulation on laser according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, outputting first laser, and generating an echo signal sequence of the target image by adopting the first laser to irradiate the target image;
the invariant factor acquisition module is used for determining the mass center of the target image through the geometrical moment light field and acquiring the invariant factor of the target image according to the mass center;
and the reconstruction image module is used for classifying the target image by using the invariant factors to obtain target image characteristics, and carrying out single-pixel imaging according to the target image characteristics, the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence and the echo signal sequence to obtain the target image.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the echo signal sequence generating module is further configured to intensity modulate a laser light with a spatial light modulator according to the two-dimensional intensity distribution matrix sequence, output a first laser light, irradiate the first laser light to the target image, and receive echo signals of the target image with a single-pixel detector to generate an echo signal sequence.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the invariant factor obtaining module is further configured to determine a centroid of the target image through a geometric moment light field, adjust a spot position of the first laser according to a position of the centroid, determine an intensity of an echo signal received by the single pixel detector, and obtain an invariant factor of the target image according to the intensity of the echo signal.
10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 6 when the computer program is executed.
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