CN116609210B - Hopkinson torsion bar experimental device - Google Patents
Hopkinson torsion bar experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Hopkinson torsion bar experimental device, which comprises: the device comprises a base, an incident rod, a torsion bar, a clamping release mechanism and a loading mechanism, wherein the incident rod is movably arranged on the base along the length direction, and the second end of the incident rod is connected with the first end of the torsion bar; the loading mechanism is connected with the second end of the torsion bar and is used for applying axial pressure and torque to the torsion bar; the clamping release mechanism is arranged between the incident rod and the loading mechanism along the length direction; the clamping release mechanism comprises a first clamp body, a second clamp body, a connecting piece, a first loading hydraulic cylinder and a second loading hydraulic cylinder; the first loading hydraulic cylinder and the second loading hydraulic cylinder are respectively used for applying extrusion forces to the first clamp body and the second clamp body, wherein the extrusion forces are opposite to each other in the width direction, so that the connecting piece is disconnected. The device can ensure that the torsion bar is stressed uniformly in the torque applying process in the experimental process, prevent the torsion bar from bending deformation, be favorable for reducing experimental errors and ensure that the experimental result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of dynamic mechanical property experiments of materials, in particular to a Hopkinson torsion bar experimental device.
Background
Split Hopkinson-Pressure Bar (SHPB) has been successfully applied to dynamic mechanical property testing of various engineering materials such as metals, composite materials, polymers, rocks, concrete and foam materials, and is recognized as the most commonly used and effective test equipment for researching mechanical properties of materials under the action of impulse dynamic load.
In order to study the dynamic shearing resistance of materials, the Hopkinson bar torsion bar experimental device mainly comprises a torque applying mechanism, a torsion bar, a clamping release mechanism and the like. One end of the torsion bar is connected with the torque applying mechanism, the other end of the torsion bar is connected with the sample, and the torsion bar is clamped by the clamping and releasing mechanism to prevent torsion; applying torque to the torsion bar by a torque applying mechanism so that the torsion bar stores torsion energy; when the pre-stored energy value reaches the expected value, the torsion energy stored in the torsion bar is instantaneously released through the clamping release mechanism and rapidly transferred to the sample along the rod in the form of waves, so that the experiment is completed.
The clamping release mechanism of the existing Hopkinson torsion bar experimental device clamps the torsion bar, and the torsion bar is easy to bend and deform, so that the accuracy of experimental results is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a Hopkinson torsion bar experimental device which can solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hopkinson torsion bar experimental apparatus, comprising: a base, an incident rod, a torsion bar, a clamping release mechanism and a loading mechanism, wherein,
the incident rod is movably arranged on the base along the length direction, and the second end of the incident rod is connected with the first end of the torsion bar;
the loading mechanism is connected with the second end of the torsion bar and is used for applying axial pressure and torque to the torsion bar;
the clamping release mechanism is arranged between the incident rod and the loading mechanism along the length direction; the clamping release mechanism comprises a first clamp body, a second clamp body, a connecting piece, a first loading hydraulic cylinder and a second loading hydraulic cylinder; the top end of the first clamp body and the top end of the second clamp body are fixedly connected with the connecting piece along the height direction perpendicular to the length direction; the first loading hydraulic cylinder, the first clamp body, the second clamp body and the second loading hydraulic cylinder are sequentially arranged along the width direction perpendicular to the length direction and the height direction, and the torsion bar is arranged between the first clamp body and the second clamp body in a penetrating manner; the first loading hydraulic cylinder and the second loading hydraulic cylinder are respectively used for applying extrusion forces which are opposite along the width direction to the first clamp body and the second clamp body so as to disconnect the connecting piece.
Optionally, the first clamp body and the second clamp body are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to an axis of the torsion bar, and the first loading hydraulic cylinder and the second loading hydraulic cylinder are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the axis of the torsion bar.
Optionally, a portion of the connector located between the first and second clamp bodies is provided with a slot, and cross-sectional areas of the slots along the length direction are the same.
Optionally, along the height direction, the bottom end of the first clamp body and the bottom end of the second clamp body are respectively hinged with the base.
Optionally, the clamp release mechanism further comprises a first portal and a second portal; the bottom ends of the first portal and the second portal are respectively hinged with the base; the top end of the first portal is rotationally connected with the first clamp body, so that the first clamp body can rotate relative to the first portal along an axis parallel to the length direction; the top end of the second portal is rotationally connected with the second clamp body so that the second clamp body can rotate relative to the second portal along an axis parallel to the length direction; the first clamp body and the second clamp body are suspended and arranged on the base.
Optionally, the first portal comprises a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod and a third connecting rod, wherein the second connecting rod is arranged along the length direction, the first forceps body is sleeved on the outer side of the second connecting rod, and the first forceps body is rotationally connected with the second connecting rod; the first connecting rod and the third connecting rod are arranged along the height direction, the bottom end of the first connecting rod and the bottom end of the third connecting rod are respectively hinged with the base, and the top end of the first connecting rod and the top end of the third connecting rod are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the second connecting rod.
Optionally, the first clamp body is movable relative to the second link along the length direction.
Optionally, the hopkinson torsion bar experimental device further comprises a limiting structure, wherein a first end of the limiting structure is fixed on the base, and a second end of the limiting structure faces to the first end of the incident rod; the limiting structure is used for clamping the sample together with the incidence rod.
Optionally, the limiting structure is disc-shaped, and the outer edge of the cross section of the sample along the length direction is circular; and along the length direction, the diameter of the outer edge of the cross section of the limiting structure is larger than or equal to 8 times of the diameter of the outer edge of the cross section of the sample.
Optionally, the second end of the incident beam is detachably connected to the first end of the torsion bar, and the second end of the incident beam is embedded in the first end of the torsion bar or the first end of the torsion bar is embedded in the second end of the incident beam.
Compared with the prior art, the Hopkinson torsion bar experimental device disclosed by the invention comprises: the device comprises a base, an incident rod, a torsion bar, a clamping release mechanism and a loading mechanism, wherein the incident rod is movably arranged on the base along the length direction, and the second end of the incident rod is connected with the first end of the torsion bar; the loading mechanism is connected with the second end of the torsion bar and is used for applying axial pressure and torque to the torsion bar; the clamping release mechanism is arranged between the incident rod and the loading mechanism along the length direction; the clamping release mechanism comprises a first clamp body, a second clamp body, a connecting piece, a first loading hydraulic cylinder and a second loading hydraulic cylinder; the top end of the first clamp body and the top end of the second clamp body are fixedly connected with the connecting piece along the height direction vertical to the length direction; the first loading hydraulic cylinder, the first clamp body, the second clamp body and the second loading hydraulic cylinder are sequentially arranged along the width direction perpendicular to the length direction and the height direction, and the torsion bar is arranged between the first clamp body and the second clamp body in a penetrating manner; the first loading hydraulic cylinder and the second loading hydraulic cylinder are respectively used for applying extrusion forces which are opposite in the width direction to the first clamp body and the second clamp body. According to the Hopkinson torsion bar experimental device, the torsion bar is arranged between the first clamp body and the second clamp body in a penetrating manner, and the first loading hydraulic cylinder and the second loading hydraulic cylinder are respectively used for applying extrusion forces which are opposite to each other in the width direction to the first clamp body and the second clamp body, so that the torsion bar is stressed uniformly in the torque applying process in the experimental process, the bending deformation of the torsion bar is prevented, the experimental error is reduced, and the experimental result is more accurate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a top view of a Hopkinson torsion bar experimental apparatus provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a clip release mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a Hopkinson torsion bar experimental apparatus provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a clip release mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another Hopkinson torsion bar experimental apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of yet another Hopkinson torsion bar testing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a side view of yet another clip release mechanism provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 100-base, 101-bottom plate, 102-front baffle, 103-rear baffle, 104-baffle pull rod, 105-sample, 106-limit structure, 111-first portal, 112-first connecting rod, 113-second connecting rod, 114-third connecting rod, 115-second portal, 116-first chute;
200-incidence rod;
300-torsion bar;
400-a clamping release mechanism, 401-a first clamp body, 402-a second clamp body, 403-a connector, 416-a first loading hydraulic cylinder, 417-a second loading hydraulic cylinder, 418-a slot;
500-loading mechanism, 501-first driving assembly, 502-second driving assembly, 503-loading gear, 504-rack, 505-driving piece, 506-driving gear, 507-motor, 508-controller, 509-brake gear;
x-length direction, Y-width direction, Z-height direction.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings. These terms are only used to better describe the present invention and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the indicated devices, elements or components to the particular orientations or to configure and operate in the particular orientations.
Also, some of the terms described above may be used to indicate other meanings in addition to orientation or positional relationships, for example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate some sort of attachment or connection in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in the present invention will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "configured," "provided," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; may be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used primarily to distinguish between different devices, elements, or components (the particular species and configurations may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance and number of devices, elements, or components indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the present embodiment provides a hopkinson torsion bar experimental apparatus, which includes a base 100, an incident bar 200, a torsion bar 300, a clamping release mechanism 400, and a loading mechanism 500, wherein:
the incident lever 200 is movably disposed on the base 100 along the length direction X, and a second end of the incident lever 200 is connected to a first end of the torsion bar 300.
A loading mechanism 500 is connected to the second end of torsion bar 300, loading mechanism 500 being used to apply axial pressure and torque to torsion bar 300.
The clamp release mechanism 400 is disposed between the incident lever 200 and the loading mechanism 500 in the length direction X; the clamp release mechanism 400 includes a first clamp body 401, a second clamp body 402, a connector 403, a first loading hydraulic cylinder 416, and a second loading hydraulic cylinder 417; along a height direction Z perpendicular to the length direction X, the top end of the first clamp body 401 and the top end of the second clamp body 402 are fixedly connected with a connecting piece 403; the first loading hydraulic cylinder 416, the first clamp body 401, the second clamp body 402 and the second loading hydraulic cylinder 417 are sequentially arranged along the width direction Y which is perpendicular to the length direction X and the height direction Z, and the torsion bar 300 is arranged between the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 in a penetrating manner; the first loading hydraulic cylinder 416 and the second loading hydraulic cylinder 417 are used to apply pressing forces opposing in the width direction Y to the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402, respectively, to break the connection member 403.
In this embodiment, the height direction Z is perpendicular to the length direction X, and the hopkinson torsion bar testing apparatus is generally perpendicular to the horizontal plane during use. The width direction Y is perpendicular to the height direction Z and the length direction X, and the width direction Y and the length direction X are parallel to the horizontal plane in the use process of the Hopkinson torsion bar experimental device.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the base 100 is used for assembling other parts, and the specific structural form is not limited, as long as the fixing and supporting functions can be realized, and the material strength of the base 100 can meet the experimental requirements.
Alternatively, in order to make the structural arrangement of the experimental apparatus more reasonable and compact, the base 100 includes a bottom plate 101 and front and rear shutters 102 and 103 connected to the bottom plate 101, and a loading mechanism 500 is connected to the front shutter 102 at a side remote from the torsion bar 300; the end face of the test specimen 105, which is far from the torsion bar 300, is connected to the tailgate 103; the clip release mechanism 400 is mounted on the base plate 101.
Further, in order to secure experimental effects and to facilitate assembly, it may be preferable that the opposite surfaces of the front barrier 102 and the rear barrier 103 are disposed parallel to each other and both are perpendicular to the length direction X.
Further, in order to improve structural stability of the base 100, to prevent deformation of the front barrier 102 and the rear barrier 103 due to stress in experiments, it is preferable that a plurality of barrier ties 104 are connected between the front barrier 102 and the rear barrier 103.
In this embodiment, the incident beam 200 is used to transfer the axial pressure and torque applied by the loading mechanism 500 to the sample 105. The connection mode between the incident rod 200 and the sample 105 is not limited, and may be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements. For example: the first end of the incidence rod 200 may be adhesively connected to the sample 105, or may clamp the sample 105 together with the stopper 106.
Further, in the case of ensuring strength satisfying experimental requirements, the structural shape of the incident lever 200 is not limited, for example: the incident rod 200 may be a solid rod-shaped structure, may be a hollow tubular structure, or the like.
In this embodiment, the incident rod 200 is movably disposed on the base 100 along the length direction X, and the position of the incident rod 200 can be flexibly adjusted according to the size, shape and experimental requirements of the sample 105. The connection mode between the incident rod 200 and the base 100 is not limited, and may be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements.
In this embodiment, torsion bar 300 is used to store and release torsional deformation energy applied by loading mechanism 500 to produce torque transfer to incident beam 200, and also to transfer axial pressure applied thereto by loading mechanism 500 to incident beam 200. The second end of the incident beam 200 is connected to the first end of the torsion bar 300, and the specific connection mode is not limited, and may be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements, for example: can be fixed connection, embedded connection, sleeve connection and the like.
In this embodiment, the loading mechanism 500 is used to apply axial pressure and torque to the torsion bar 300, and the specific structural form is not limited, and may be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements. For example, the loading mechanism 500 may be integrated or separated, that is, a portion of the loading mechanism 500 for applying axial pressure to the torsion bar 300 and a portion for applying torque to the torsion bar 300 may be connected or separated.
In the present embodiment, the clip release mechanism 400 is disposed between the incident lever 200 and the loading mechanism 500 in the length direction X, and the clip release mechanism 400 is configured to restrict rotation of the torsion bar 300 when the torque applied to the torsion bar 300 by the loading mechanism 500 does not reach the experimental preset value; and releasing the rotation restriction of torsion bar 300 when the torque applied to torsion bar 300 by loading mechanism 500 reaches the experimental preset value.
In this embodiment, the clamping release mechanism 400 includes a connecting piece 403, a first clamp body 401, a second clamp body 402, a first loading hydraulic cylinder 416 and a second loading hydraulic cylinder 417, where the connecting piece 403 is used to fixedly connect the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402, and when the torque applied by the loading mechanism 500 to the torsion bar 300 does not reach an experimental preset value, the connecting piece 403 is in an unbroken state; when the torque applied by loading mechanism 500 to torsion bar 300 reaches the experimental preset value, link 403 will automatically open, or will open under the combined action of first loading cylinder 416 and second loading cylinder 417. The specific shape and size of the connecting piece 403, and the connection mode and position of the connecting piece 403 and the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 are not limited, and can be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements.
Optionally, in order to facilitate accurate calculation and control of the breaking time of the connection member 403, referring to fig. 2, 4 and 7, it may be preferable that the connection member 403 connects the top ends of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402.
In this embodiment, the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 are used to jointly clamp the torsion bar 300 and limit the rotation of the torsion bar 300, and the specific shape, size and installation position of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 are not limited, and can be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements. For example: the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 may be symmetrically disposed with respect to the torsion bar 300; the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 may also be asymmetrically arranged on both sides of the torsion bar 300, etc.
Alternatively, in order to facilitate accurate calculation and control of the breaking time of the connection member 403, referring to fig. 2, 4 and 7, it may be preferable that the bottom end of the first clamp body 401 and the bottom end of the second clamp body 402 are connected to the base 100, respectively. The specific connection mode is not limited, and can be reasonably selected according to actual application requirements. For example: the connection mode can be hinged connection, sliding connection and the like.
In the present embodiment, the first loading hydraulic cylinder 416 and the second loading hydraulic cylinder 417 are used to apply pressing forces opposing in the width direction Y to the first jaw 401 and the second jaw 402, respectively. The positions of the first loading cylinder 416 and the second loading cylinder 417 are not limited here.
In the present embodiment, when an experiment is performed using the hopkinson torsion bar experimental apparatus, first, the specimen 105 is clamped between the first end of the incident rod 200 and the base 100 by moving the incident rod 200 mounted on the base 100 in the longitudinal direction X. Then, torque is applied to the second end of the torsion bar 300 by the loading mechanism 500, and since the first loading hydraulic cylinder 416 and the second loading hydraulic cylinder 417 apply pressing forces opposing in the width direction Y to the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402, respectively, the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 press the torsion bar 300 and restrict rotation of the torsion bar 300, so that the torsion bar 300 located between the clamp release mechanism 400 and the loading mechanism 500 is torsionally deformed and stores torsional deformation energy under the action of the loading mechanism 500. When the torque applied by loading mechanism 500 to torsion bar 300 gradually increases to the experimental preset value, link 403 may be disconnected; or after the torque applied to torsion bar 300 by loading mechanism 500 gradually increases to the experimental preset value, the magnitudes of the relative pressing forces in the width direction Y applied to first and second clamp bodies 401 and 402 by first and second loading hydraulic cylinders 416 and 417, respectively, may be increased so that connecting member 403 is disconnected. After the connection member 403 is disconnected, the clamp release mechanism 400 may be caused to release the rotation restriction on the torsion bar 300, the torsion bar 300 releases the stored torsional deformation energy and transmits the generated torsional wave to the incident rod 200, and the incident rod 200 further transmits the torsional wave to the sample 105, thereby completing the torque loading on the sample 105. In addition, the loading mechanism 500 may also apply an axial pressure to the second end of the torsion bar 300 at a set time point according to the experimental requirement and transmit the axial pressure to the sample 105 through the incident rod 200, so as to complete the axial pressure loading of the sample 105. It can be seen that the combined loading of axial pressure and torque to the test specimen 105 can be achieved by the experimental operation described above.
Alternatively, in order to achieve a more stable clamping of torsion bar 300 by clamp release mechanism 400, it may be preferred that first clamp body 401 and second clamp body 402 are arranged mirror symmetrically with respect to the axis of torsion bar 300.
Further, it may also be preferable that the first loading cylinder 416 and the second loading cylinder 417 are also mirror-symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of the torsion bar 300.
Optionally, in order to locate the disconnection of the connection member 403 at a set position and to facilitate control of the disconnection time of the connection member 403, and ensure smooth performance of the experiment, referring to fig. 7, it may be preferable that a portion of the connection member 403 located in the middle of the first jaw 401 and the second jaw 402 is provided with a notch 418, that is, a cross-sectional area of the connection member 403 at the position of the notch 418 is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the connection member 403 at other positions in the cross-section perpendicular to the length direction X.
Further, for ease of processing, it may be preferable that the cross-sectional area of the slit 418 in the length direction X be the same.
Further, in order to ensure that the connection member 403 is smoothly broken during the experiment and to facilitate the production process, it is preferable that the material of the connection member 403 is a brittle material.
Alternatively, it may be preferable that the bottom ends of the first jaw 401 and the second jaw 402 are movably disposed with respect to the base 100 so that the first loading hydraulic cylinder 416 and the second loading hydraulic cylinder 417 push the first jaw 401 and the second jaw 402 to move. The movable setting modes of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 and the base 100 are not limited, and can be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements. For example, rollers may be disposed at the bottom ends of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402; or the bottom ends of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 are provided with sliding grooves or sliding blocks, and the base 100 is provided with the sliding blocks or sliding grooves matched with the sliding grooves or sliding blocks.
Further, in order to facilitate the assembly of the first jaw 401 and the second jaw 402 on the base 100, it may be preferable that the bottom end of the first jaw 401 and the bottom end of the second jaw 402 are hinged to the base 100, respectively, along the height direction Z.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, in order to enable the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 to be suspended from the base 100, and enable the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 to have a larger rotation angle relative to the base 100, the clamp release mechanism 400 may further include the first gantry 111 and the second gantry 115; the bottom ends of the first and second shelves 111 and 115 are hinged to the base 100, respectively; the top end of the first mast 111 is rotatably connected to the first clamp body 401 such that the first clamp body 401 is rotatable relative to the first mast 111 along an axis parallel to the length direction X; the top end of the second door frame 115 is rotatably connected to the second clamp body 402, so that the second clamp body 402 can rotate relative to the second door frame 115 along an axis parallel to the length direction X; the first clamp 401 and the second clamp 402 are suspended on the base 100.
Further, in order to make the structure more stable, it may be preferable to support both sides of the first jaw body 401 with the first door frame 111. Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the first portal 111 includes a first link 112, a second link 113, and a third link 114, wherein the second link 113 is disposed along a length direction X, a first jaw 401 is sleeved on an outer side of the second link 113, and the first jaw 401 is rotatably connected with the second link 113; the first connecting rod 112 and the third connecting rod 114 are arranged along the height direction Z, the bottom end of the first connecting rod 112 and the bottom end of the third connecting rod 114 are respectively hinged with the base 100, and the top end of the first connecting rod 112 and the top end of the third connecting rod 114 are respectively fixedly connected with two ends of the second connecting rod 113. When torque is applied to the torsion bar 300, the first clamp 401 rotates relative to the second link 113, and simultaneously the first clamp 401 applies upward tension to the second link 113, so that the first link 112 and the third link 114 located at both sides of the torsion bar 300 can effectively balance the upward tension from the second link 113, and the first door frame 111 can be stably arranged on the base 100.
Further, to reduce manufacturing difficulties, it may be preferable that the first mast 111 and the second mast 115 be identical in both structure and size. For example, it may be preferable that the second mast 115 supports both sides of the second clamp body 402.
Further, to better meet different experimental requirements, it may be preferable that the first clamp body 401 is movable relative to the base 100, so as to adjust the clamping position of the torsion bar 300, and in particular, it may be preferable that the first clamp body 401 is movable relative to the second link 113 along the length direction X.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, in order to prevent movement of the sample 105 during the experiment, the hopkinson torsion bar experimental apparatus may further include a limiting structure 106, a first end of the limiting structure 106 being fixed to the base 100, a second end of the limiting structure 106 being directed toward the first end of the incident beam 200; the limiting structure 106 is used to clamp the sample 105 together with the incident rod 200, and limit the movement of the sample 105.
The specific shapes of the limiting structure 106 and the sample 105 are not limited, and can be reasonably selected according to actual application requirements. For example: the cross sections of the limiting structure 106 and the test specimen 105 along the length direction X may be circular, rectangular, triangular, etc.
In addition, the specific size relationship and the size of the limiting structure 106 and the sample 105 are not limited, and can be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements, for example: along the length direction X, the diameter of the cross-sectional outer edge of the stopper 106 may be equal to 5-15 times the diameter of the cross-sectional outer edge of the specimen 105.
Further, in order to obtain a better stopper effect, it is preferable that the stopper 106 has a disk shape and the outer edge of the cross section of the test piece 105 in the longitudinal direction X has a circular shape.
Further, in order to ensure that the limiting structure 106 has a large moment of inertia, the limiting structure 106 can remain stationary with respect to the base 100 when the sample 105 rotates under the action of torque. It may be preferable that the diameter of the cross-sectional outer edge of the stopper 106 is greater than or equal to 8 times the diameter of the cross-sectional outer edge of the specimen 105 along the length direction X.
Further, in order to facilitate the experimental operation, the sample 105 may be preferably fixed to the first end of the incident rod 200, and the specific setting mode is not limited, and may be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements. For example: the sample 105 may be adhered to the incident beam 200 by glue.
Alternatively, in order to reduce loss of waves during transmission, reduce experimental errors, and make the number of parts small for production processing and assembly, it may be preferable that the second end of the incident beam 200 is detachably connected to the first end of the torsion bar 300, and the second end of the incident beam 200 is embedded in the first end of the torsion bar 300, or the first end of the torsion bar 300 is embedded in the second end of the incident beam 200.
The specific detachable connection form between the second end of the incident rod 200 and the first end of the torsion bar 300 is not limited, and may be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements. For example, the connection can be at least one of a threaded connection, a hexagon socket connection, a taper connection, a spring pin connection, a quick buckle, a quick latch and a key slot connection.
Further, in order to save material, it may be preferable that the incident lever 200 has a hollow rod-like structure.
Further, it is preferable to embed the first end of torsion bar 300 into the second end of incident beam 200, considering that the strength requirement of torsion bar 300 is higher relative to incident beam 200, since torsion bar 300 needs to store torsional deformation energy and release to generate torque. The relationship between the wall thickness of the second end of the incident rod 200 and the wall thickness of the first end of the incident rod 200 is not limited, and may be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements, for example: the wall thickness of the second end of the incident beam 200 may be greater than the wall thickness of the first end of the incident beam 200, or the wall thickness of the second end of the incident beam 200 may be less than the wall thickness of the first end of the incident beam 200, or the wall thickness of the second end of the incident beam 200 may be equal to the wall thickness of the first end of the incident beam 200.
Further, to ensure that the incident beam 200 is not damaged during the experiment, it may be preferable that the wall thickness of the second end of the incident beam 200 is greater than the wall thickness of the first end of the incident beam 200.
Further, in order to facilitate the detachable connection of the second end of the incident beam 200 with the first end of the torsion bar 300 while securing structural strength and stability, it is preferable that the connection manner of the second end of the incident beam 200 with the first end of the torsion bar 300 is one of screw connection, hexagon socket connection and taper connection.
The screw connection can ensure the connection stability and has high connection strength, so that the incident rod 200 and the torsion bar 300 can bear high axial pressure and torque.
The adoption of the internal hexagonal connection mode can enable the incident rod 200 and the torsion bar 300 to bear larger torque due to six contact positions between the incident rod 200 and the torsion bar 300. In addition, it may be preferable to perform an anti-slip treatment on the connection position of the incident beam 200 and the torsion bar 300 to provide a better fastening effect, avoiding slip under high torque conditions.
Because the taper connection mode has the characteristic of self-positioning, namely, in the connection process, the optimal alignment position can be automatically found according to the shapes of the two taper surfaces, so that the incident rod 200 and the torsion bar 300 are easier to align and assemble in the assembly process, and the adjustment and correction requirements are reduced.
Alternatively, to improve controllability and consistency of the loading mechanism 500, referring to fig. 3, it may be preferable that the loading mechanism 500 includes a first drive assembly 501 and a second drive assembly 502, wherein the first drive assembly 501 is connected to a second end of the torsion bar 300 for applying torque to the torsion bar 300; second drive assembly 502 is used to apply axial pressure to torsion bar 300.
Further, in order to obtain a better loading effect, referring to fig. 5, the first driving assembly 501 may include a loading gear 503, a rack 504 meshed with the loading gear 503, and a driving member 505 for driving the rack 504, where the loading gear 503 is sleeved on the torsion bar 300 and fixedly connected with the torsion bar 300. Among them, the driving element 505 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, or the like that can be linearly driven. By applying torque to torsion bar 300 by loading gear 503, it is possible to ensure the durability and stability of torque loading, ensuring that the torque applied to torsion bar 300 increases to an experimental preset value within a set time as required by the experiment.
Alternatively, to increase the amount of torque applied to torsion bar 300 by loading mechanism 500, the outer side of torsion bar 300 may be provided with rotating teeth (not shown), and first drive assembly 501 may include drive gear 506 and drive member 505, with drive gear 506 engaging the rotating teeth. In the experimental process, the driving piece 505 can drive the driving gear 506 to rotate, so that the driving gear 506 drives the torsion bar 300 to rotate through the rotating teeth.
The driving piece 505 can drive the driving gear 506 to rotate according to test requirements; drive gear 506 needs to meet a continuous engagement with the rotating teeth on torsion bar 300 to apply a continuous torque to torsion bar 300. With the drive gear 506 engaged with the rotating teeth, the drive gear 506 can continuously apply torque to the torsion bar 300 through the rotating teeth, and since the rotation angle of the drive gear 506 is not limited in comparison with the manner in which the rack is engaged with the rotating teeth, the maximum torque value applied is only related to the material strength of the drive gear 506 and the rotating teeth and is not limited by the rotational stroke thereof.
The outer side surface of torsion bar 300 is provided with rotating teeth, and the number of rotating teeth is only required to be capable of continuously meshing with drive gear 506 and applying continuous torque to torsion bar 300 under the drive of drive gear 506. The specific setting mode of the rotating teeth is not limited, and can be reasonably selected according to practical application requirements. For example, the rotating teeth may be integrally formed with torsion bar 300, may be fixedly coupled to torsion bar 300, or may be detachably coupled to torsion bar 300.
Further, to achieve the replaceability of the rotating teeth, the hopkinson torsion bar experimental apparatus further comprises a loading gear 503 fixed to the outer side of the torsion bar 300, the loading gear 503 comprising the rotating teeth. The loading gear 503 comprising the rotating teeth is fixed on the outer side surface of the torsion bar 300, so that the split design of the rotating teeth and the torsion bar 300 is realized, and the rotating teeth can be conveniently replaced according to the experiment requirements in different experiments; meanwhile, after the rotating teeth are worn, only the loading gear 503 needs to be replaced, so that unnecessary waste is reduced. Further, to enable automatic control of the loading magnitude and loading speed of the torque applied to torsion bar 300 by loading gear 503, driver 505 may include motor 507, the output shaft of motor 507 being connected to driving gear 506; the loading mechanism 500 further includes a controller 508 electrically connected to the motor 507, the controller 508 being configured to control a rotational speed of an output shaft of the motor 507. The rotational speed of the output shaft of the motor 507 is controlled by the controller 508 to realize the precise control of the torque applied by the loading gear 503 to the torsion bar 300, so that the speed and the magnitude of torque loading can meet the experimental requirements.
Further, the motor 507 as the driving mechanism may be preferably a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which has the advantages of simple structure, small size, more stable output torque, fast speed response, wide speed regulation range, etc., and when the permanent magnet synchronous motor is used for running, the accuracy of the torque value applied by the driving gear 506 to the torsion bar 300 can be further ensured, and meanwhile, the torque applied by the driving gear 506 to the torsion bar 300 is wider, so as to meet the torque regulation requirements of different tests.
Preferably, in order to ensure that the electromagnetic torque of the output shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous motor meets the test requirement and can reach the test preset value, in the test process, the rotating speed of the output shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be controlled to be omega by the control mechanism, and the omega can be determined by the following formula:
wherein T is 0 A test preset value for the torque applied by motor 507 to torsion bar 300, i.e. torque reaches T 0 When the clip release mechanism 400 releases the rotational restriction of the torsion bar 300 to release the torsion energy; u is the voltage of the motor 507; x is X d A direct axis reactance for motor 507; x is X q Is the quadrature reactance of the motor 507; e (E) 0 Is the no-load back emf of motor 507; a is the torque angle of the motor 507; p is the pole pair number of the motor 507; m is the voltage fluctuation amplitude.
Further, in order to achieve accurate braking of the loading gear 503, the hopkinson bar torsion bar experimental apparatus further includes a gear braking mechanism (not shown) and a torque measurer (not shown) for measuring a loading torque value applied to the torsion bar 300 by the loading gear 503 and transmitting a signal for representing the loading torque value, after the torque applied to the torsion bar 300 by the loading gear 503 reaches the test preset value, further continues to rotate to apply the torque to the torsion bar 300. When the loading torque value reaches the test preset value, the gear braking mechanism brakes the loading gear 503.
In the test, the torque measurer can transmit the measured loading torque value to the gear braking mechanism or the control mechanism, so that the gear braking mechanism can timely brake the loading gear 503 when the loading torque value reaches a preset test value, and the loading gear 503 immediately stops rotating, thereby stopping continuous torque application to the torsion bar 300, effectively preventing overlarge torque loading, and further guaranteeing the accuracy of the test.
The specific structure and braking method of the gear braking mechanism are not limited herein, as long as braking of the loading gear 503 can be achieved, and the loading gear 503 is prevented from continuing to apply torque to the torsion bar 300. The gear braking mechanism may be configured to brake the loading gear 503 directly, or brake the driving gear 506 to brake the loading gear 503 indirectly, for example, and the present embodiment is not limited herein.
The configuration of the torque measuring device and the signal processing method are not limited herein, as long as the value of the loading torque applied to the torsion bar 300 by the loading gear 503 can be measured and determined. For example, the torque measuring device may be a torque sensor (not shown) connected between the brake gear 509 and the magnetic powder brake (not shown) via a coupling (not shown), and the torque applied to the torsion bar 300 may be displayed by a display instrument electrically connected to the torque sensor.
Further, in order to make the torsion bar 300 more stable in its stress when receiving torque, the gear braking mechanism includes a brake gear 509 and a gear brake (not shown) for braking the brake gear 509, the brake gear 509 is engaged with the loading gear 503, and the gear brake is electrically connected to the torque measurer; when the loading torque value reaches the test preset value, the gear brake controls the brake gear 509 to brake the loading gear 503. The brake gear 509 is meshed with the loading gear 503, so that the loading gear 503 is simultaneously meshed with the brake gear 509 and the driving gear 506, the stress stability of the loading gear 503 during working is improved, and the stress stability of the torsion bar 300 is also improved; and the loading gear 503 is directly braked by adopting the brake gear 509, so that the layout of the internal structure of the experimental device is more compact and reasonable, and the installation is more convenient. The central axes of brake gear 509 and drive gear 506 are preferably symmetrically distributed about the axis of torsion bar 300.
Among them, there are many kinds of gear brakes for braking the brake gear 509, as long as the brake gear 509 can perform a braking function, and the brake is not limited.
In order to further improve the control accuracy of the braking torque of the brake gear 509, the brake is preferably a magnetic powder brake. The magnetic powder brake is used for transmitting torque according to an electromagnetic principle and by utilizing magnetic powder, the output torque of the magnetic powder brake has good linear relation with the input exciting current, and the control of the output torque can be realized by adjusting the exciting current, so that the accurate braking of the loading gear 503 is achieved. The magnetic powder brake has the advantages of high response speed, no impact vibration and the like, can further reduce test errors, and improves the accuracy of the experimental device.
Specifically, the magnetic powder brake, when braking the brake gear 509, inputs the exciting current I determined by the following formula:
wherein D is + The brake outer diameter of the magnetic powder brake; mu (mu) 0 Is air gap permeability; mu (mu) δ Is magnetic powder permeability; l (L) + The coil width of the magnetic powder brake; r is R δ Is the gap and the total magnetic resistance of the magnetic powder; r is R 0 Is iron magnetic resistance; n is the number of turns of the coil; l is inductance; s is S δ An effective area perpendicular to the magnetic circuit for the magnetic powder filling area; s is the complex frequency after pull-type conversion; t (T) 0 A preset value is tested for the torque applied by motor 507 to torsion bar 300.
Wherein a tension controller may be used to control the amount of exciting current input to the magnetic particle brake.
Further, in order to simplify the structure of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402, the force analysis and the processing of the clamp bodies are facilitated, the first clamp body 401 is provided with a first clamping surface (not shown) matched with the first side surface of the torsion bar 300, and the second clamp body 402 is provided with a second clamping surface (not shown) matched with the second side surface of the torsion bar 300. When the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 clamp the torsion bar 300, the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface are symmetrical relative to the axis of the torsion bar 300; the end surfaces of the top ends of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 are parallel to the length direction X and the width direction Y at the same time, namely, are parallel to the horizontal plane; the minimum distance from the plane of the end face of the top end of the first caliper body 401 to the axis of the torsion bar 300 is equal to the minimum distance from the plane of the end face of the top end of the second caliper body 402 to the axis of the torsion bar 300, that is, the end face of the top end of the first caliper body 401 and the end face of the top end of the second caliper body 402 are on the same plane, and the plane is parallel to the horizontal plane. The lower surface of the connector 403 is attached to the end surface of the tip of the first clamp 401 and the end surface of the tip of the second clamp 402.
Further, in order to effectively restrict the rotation of torsion bar 300, referring to fig. 7, torsion bar 300 is prevented from being caused in loading mechanism 50 due to insufficient thrust forces of first loading cylinder 416 and second loading cylinder 4170 rotation occurs when the torque applied thereto has not reached the experimental preset value, and the first loading cylinder 416 and the second loading cylinder 417 apply a first thrust force F to the first jaw 401 and the second jaw 402 1 The determination is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein T is 0 An experimental preset value for the torque applied by loading mechanism 500 to torsion bar 300; l is the axial length of the side of torsion bar 300 clamped by first clamp body 401; μ is a coefficient of static friction between the side of torsion bar 300 clamped and first caliper body 401 and second caliper body 402; alpha is the encircling angle of the clamping surface encircling the torsion bar 300 when the torsion bar 300 is clamped; l (L) 1 Is the minimum distance between the plane of the end face of the second end of the caliper body and the axis of torsion bar 300; l (L) 2 The minimum distance between the plane of the end face of the second end of the pliers body and the center point of the abutting part of the first loading hydraulic cylinder 416 and the second loading hydraulic cylinder 417; a is that 1 Is the cross-sectional area of the slot 418 in the width direction Y; r is R +1 Is the tensile strength of the material of the connector 403.
Before the torque applied to torsion bar 300 by loading mechanism 500 reaches the experimental preset value, first thrust force F applied to first clamp body 401 and second clamp body 402 by first loading hydraulic cylinder 416 and second loading hydraulic cylinder 417 is set to a value F 1 The first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 can be ensured to tightly hold the torsion bar 300 to prevent the torsion bar from rotating, and meanwhile, the connecting piece 403 can be prevented from being broken, so that the experiment is ensured to be carried out smoothly.
Further, when the torque applied by the loading mechanism 500 to the torsion bar 300 reaches the experimental preset value, in order to cause the link 403 to be disconnected at the notch 418 thereof, the first loading cylinder 416 and the second loading cylinder 417 apply the second thrust force of the value F 2 The determination is calculated according to the following formula:
further, for ease of processing and installation, it may be preferable that the connection member 403 be a square plate, the connection member 403 be 5cm in width in the length direction X, 13cm in length in the width direction Y, and 2.5cm in thickness.
Further, on the basis of meeting the experimental requirements, in order to make the structure of the whole experimental device more compact and facilitate the experimental operation, the bottom end faces of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 are planes parallel to the top end face, and the minimum distance between the bottom end faces of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 and the top end face is 50cm; the minimum distance between the plane of the tip end faces of the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402 and the axis of the torsion bar 300 is 17cm.
Further, in order to increase the contact area with the torsion bar 300 as much as possible when the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface clamp the torsion bar 300, the encircling angle α of the second clamping surface encircling the torsion bar 300 is less than or equal to 165 °, and because the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface are symmetrical with respect to the axis of the torsion bar 300, the encircling angle of the first clamping surface encircling the torsion bar 300 is equal to the encircling angle of the second clamping surface encircling the torsion bar 300. The encircling angle α is preferably 165 °, so that the ends of the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface can fully encircle the torsion bar 300 while maintaining a gap. Meanwhile, it is preferable that the axial length of the torsion bar 300 held by the caliper body is 15 cm.
Further, in order to increase the friction between the first and second clamping surfaces and the torsion bar 300, it may be preferable that the first and second clamping surfaces are provided with saw teeth that are spaced apart.
In this embodiment, the torsion bar 300 is inserted between the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402, and the first loading hydraulic cylinder 416 and the second loading hydraulic cylinder 417 are respectively used to apply the extrusion forces along the width direction Y to the first clamp body 401 and the second clamp body 402, so that the torsion bar 300 is stressed uniformly during the torque application process, and the torsion bar 300 is prevented from bending and deforming, which is beneficial to reducing the experimental error and making the experimental result more accurate.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A hopkinson torsion bar experimental set-up, characterized in that the hopkinson torsion bar experimental set-up comprises: a base, an incident rod, a torsion bar, a clamping release mechanism and a loading mechanism, wherein,
the incident rod is movably arranged on the base along the length direction, and the second end of the incident rod is connected with the first end of the torsion bar;
the loading mechanism is connected with the second end of the torsion bar and is used for applying axial pressure and torque to the torsion bar;
the clamping release mechanism is arranged between the incident rod and the loading mechanism along the length direction; the clamping release mechanism comprises a first clamp body, a second clamp body, a connecting piece, a first loading hydraulic cylinder and a second loading hydraulic cylinder; the top end of the first clamp body and the top end of the second clamp body are fixedly connected with the connecting piece along the height direction perpendicular to the length direction; the first loading hydraulic cylinder, the first clamp body, the second clamp body and the second loading hydraulic cylinder are sequentially arranged along the width direction perpendicular to the length direction and the height direction, and the torsion bar is arranged between the first clamp body and the second clamp body in a penetrating manner; the first loading hydraulic cylinder and the second loading hydraulic cylinder are respectively used for applying extrusion forces which are opposite along the width direction to the first clamp body and the second clamp body;
Wherein the clamping release mechanism further comprises a first portal and a second portal; the bottom ends of the first portal and the second portal are respectively hinged with the base; the top end of the first portal is rotationally connected with the first clamp body, so that the first clamp body can rotate relative to the first portal along an axis parallel to the length direction; the top end of the second portal is rotationally connected with the second clamp body so that the second clamp body can rotate relative to the second portal along an axis parallel to the length direction; the first clamp body and the second clamp body are suspended and arranged on the base.
2. The hopkinson torsion bar experimental set-up of claim 1, wherein the first and second clamp bodies are mirror-symmetrically disposed relative to an axis of the torsion bar, and the first and second loading hydraulic cylinders are mirror-symmetrically disposed relative to the axis of the torsion bar.
3. The hopkinson torsion bar testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the portion of the connector intermediate the first and second clamp bodies is provided with a slot having the same cross-sectional area along the length direction.
4. The hopkinson torsion bar testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the first clamp body and the bottom end of the second clamp body are hinged to the base along the height direction, respectively.
5. The hopkinson torsion bar experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the first portal comprises a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod and a third connecting rod, wherein the second connecting rod is arranged along the length direction, the first clamp body is sleeved on the outer side of the second connecting rod, and the first clamp body is rotatably connected with the second connecting rod; the first connecting rod and the third connecting rod are arranged along the height direction, the bottom end of the first connecting rod and the bottom end of the third connecting rod are respectively hinged with the base, and the top end of the first connecting rod and the top end of the third connecting rod are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the second connecting rod.
6. The hopkinson torsion bar testing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first clamp body is movable relative to the second link along the length direction.
7. The hopkinson torsion bar testing apparatus set forth in claim 1, further comprising a limit structure having a first end secured to the base and a second end oriented toward the first end of the incident bar; the limiting structure is used for clamping the sample together with the incidence rod.
8. The hopkinson torsion bar testing apparatus set forth in claim 7, wherein the limit structure is disk-shaped, and the outer edge of the cross section of the test specimen along the length direction is circular; and along the length direction, the diameter of the outer edge of the cross section of the limiting structure is larger than or equal to 8 times of the diameter of the outer edge of the cross section of the sample.
9. The hopkinson torsion bar set forth in claim 1, wherein the second end of the incident bar is detachably connected to the first end of the torsion bar and the second end of the incident bar is embedded in the first end of the torsion bar or the first end of the torsion bar is embedded in the second end of the incident bar.
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| CN115901501A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-04 | 西北工业大学 | Dynamic torsion-stretching/compressing synchronous combined loading device and loading method |
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| CN113432992B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-11-01 | 太原理工大学 | Water-gas-temperature multi-field coupling Hopkinson pressure bar test loading system and method |
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