CN116599599B - Communication and tracking integrated detection device based on single photon detection technology - Google Patents
Communication and tracking integrated detection device based on single photon detection technology Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/118—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum specially adapted for satellite communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/67—Optical arrangements in the receiver
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a communication and tracking integrated detection device based on a single photon detection technology, which comprises a laser communication antenna, an integrated detector and a signal processing and control module, wherein the laser communication antenna is connected with the integrated detector; the laser communication antenna comprises a beam expanding antenna, a fine tracking fast reflecting mirror, a dichroic mirror, a filter, an advanced aiming fast reflecting mirror, a shaping lens, a transmitting laser and a servo turntable; the integrated detector comprises a beam splitting mirror, wherein the light path after beam splitting is divided into two paths, one path of the light path passes through the imaging focusing mirror group and then reaches the single photon-based light spot detector, and the other path of the light path passes through the reflecting mirror and then reaches the single photon-based communication detector through the focusing mirror group; the signal processing and control module comprises a single photon spot detector reading circuit, a communication detector reading circuit and a communication and tracking signal processing circuit. The invention realizes the bandwidth of more than 10GHz and the mrad-level view field under the condition of not obviously increasing the volume of the detector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical communication equipment, and particularly relates to a communication and tracking integrated detection device based on a single photon detection technology.
Background
Compared with the existing microwave communication technology, the satellite laser communication technology has the remarkable advantages of high data rate, good anti-interference and confidentiality and the like, and is an effective supplementary technical means for satellite communication in the future. At present, a plurality of satellite optical communication on-orbit tests are developed at home and abroad, and military and commercial aerospace applications are gradually developed.
Compared with the traditional microwave communication system, the laser communication system is superior to the system adopting the light wave band as the information carrier (carrier 10-400 THz), has extremely high communication bandwidth, and has the outstanding advantages of light weight, small volume and low power consumption.
The laser communication antenna is responsible for completing whole star, beam divergence angle compression and directional emission of emitted signals/beacon light; and simultaneously, the collection, beam splitting and focusing of the received signals/beacon light on the corresponding detectors are completed. The traditional laser communication system adopts PIN, PD, APD and other devices, the photosensitive material is InGaAs or GaAs, and the sensitivity is generally 40-42 dBm@10Gbpa; the light spot position detector is a CCD or CMOS device, the light sensitive surface material is InGaAs or Si material, and the sensitivity is-60-65 dBm. The sensitivity is low, so that the power redundancy of the communication link is low, the communication distance is short, and the tolerance to the link attenuation fluctuation is low; aiming at the problem, the research of departments adopts a superconducting nanowire single-photon device to realize four-quadrant detection, and utilizes the device to simultaneously finish signal detection (four-quadrant current sum) and tracking detection (four-quadrant current difference), but the photosensitive surface of the superconducting nanowire single-photon four-quadrant device is difficult to obtain high bandwidth (small detection area is needed) and large field of view (large detection area is needed) at the same time, the photosensitive surface is only tens of micrometers, the tracking receiving field of view is only tens of mu rad, and the mrad level requirement of laser communication on the tracking field of view is not met.
The traditional laser communication terminal based on the single photon communication and tracking integrated detector is shown in fig. 2, and consists of an optical component (a beam expanding antenna 1, a fine tracking fast reflecting mirror 2, a dichroic mirror 3, a filter 4, a filter 14, a fast reflecting mirror aiming in advance, a whole star lens 15, a transmitting laser 16 and a servo turntable 17), an integrated detector (an imaging focusing lens group 6, a single photon-based spot detector 7, a single photon-based spot detector reading circuit 8 and a communication and tracking signal processing circuit 9). The traditional single photon communication and tracking detection integrated device is characterized in that a receiving signal/beacon beam is incident on the same photosurface, and communication detection (current sum) and tracking detection (current difference) are realized by utilizing a single-sided four-quadrant structure (shown in fig. 3), but the mode cannot meet the requirements of high bandwidth (small detection area and large detection area). There are the following problems: 1) low sensitivity, 2) short transmission distance, 3) weak resistance to atmospheric interference; the existing laser terminal integrating single photon communication and tracking integrated detection has the following problems: 1) Cannot be compatible with high speed and large field of view; 2) And is not easy for mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a communication and tracking integrated detection device based on a single photon detection technology, which realizes the bandwidth of more than 10GHz and mrad-level view field under the condition of not obviously increasing the volume of a detector by separating and designing the detector and sharing a beam splitting sheet, a heat preservation shell, a refrigerator and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the communication and tracking integrated detection device based on the single photon detection technology comprises a laser communication antenna, an integrated detector and a signal processing and control module; the laser communication antenna comprises a beam expanding antenna, a fine tracking quick reflection mirror, a dichroic mirror, a filter, an advanced aiming quick reflection mirror, a shaping lens, a transmitting laser and a servo turntable; the integrated detector comprises a beam splitter, wherein a beam path after beam splitting is divided into two paths, one path of the beam path passes through an imaging focusing lens group and then reaches a single photon-based light spot detector, and the other path of the beam path passes through a reflecting mirror and then reaches a single photon communication detector through the focusing lens group; the signal processing and control module comprises a single-photon spot detector reading circuit connected with the single-photon-based spot detector and a communication detector reading circuit connected with the single-photon communication detector, wherein the single-photon spot detector reading circuit and the communication detector reading circuit are both connected with the communication and tracking signal processing circuit.
Further, the beam splitting ratio of the beam splitter needs to satisfy the following relationship:
wherein T is 1 Is based on the transmittance of a single photon light spot detector end, T 2 Is the transmittance of the single photon communication detector end,f 1 andf 2 the data update frequencies for the single photon based spot detector and the single photon communication detector respectively,and->The detection probability of the spot detector and the single photon communication detector based on single photons is respectively, and n is the pixel number of the spot detector based on single photons.
Further, the imaging focusing lens group focuses on the spot diameter of the spot detector based on the single photon to be larger than or equal to the pixel size of the spot detector based on the single photon.
Further, the single photon-based spot detector is implemented by adopting a four-quadrant structure single photon detector or a multi-channel technology, wherein the multi-channel technology comprises n-by-n design, and n is the number of pixels of the single photon-based spot detector.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the laser communication signal can be transmitted in a transmitting light path, meanwhile, received light enters the integrated detector for light splitting, spot position deviation coordinates are respectively obtained on the spot detector based on single photons, and the communication signal is obtained on the spot detector based on single photons, so that ultra-high-sensitivity, high-bandwidth communication and large-view-field tracking detection integrated receiving is realized. Compared with the traditional non-single photon detection device, the communication and tracking detection sensitivity (20-30 dB) is remarkably improved; compared with the traditional single photon-based communication and detection integrated device under study, the tracking view field and the signal bandwidth are decoupled without adding external equipment, the higher corresponding signal bandwidth can be obtained, the larger tracking receiving view field is obtained, and the engineering difficulty and the cost are obviously reduced. The system can meet the requirements of high sensitivity, large view field and high bandwidth, is convenient to maintain and easy for mass production, and can be widely used for space-to-ground, star-to-ground and deep space laser communication.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an inventive integrated communication and tracking detection device based on single photon detection technology;
FIG. 2 is a laser communication terminal of a conventional single photon based communication and tracking integrated detector;
in fig. 3, (a) is a four-quadrant detector based on single photons, and (b) is a 4 x 4 detector based on single photon parallel technology;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal light emission path of the communication and tracking integrated detection device based on the single photon detection technology;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a beacon light receiving path of the communication and tracking integrated detection device based on the single photon detection technology;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a signal light receiving path of the communication and tracking integrated detection device based on the single photon detection technology;
the reference numerals in the figures illustrate: 1. the beam expanding antenna, 2, a fine tracking quick reflection mirror, 3, a dichroic mirror, 4, a filter, 5, a beam splitting mirror, 6, an imaging focusing lens group, 7, a single photon-based light spot detector, 8, a single photon light spot detector reading circuit, 9, a communication and tracking signal processing circuit, 10, a reflecting mirror, 11, a focusing lens group, 12, a single photon communication detector, 13, a communication detector reading circuit, 14, an early aiming quick reflection mirror, 15, a shaping lens, 16, a transmitting laser, 17 and a servo turntable.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and detailed description, which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the communication and tracking integrated detection device based on the single photon detection technology comprises a laser communication antenna, an integrated detector and a signal processing and control module; the laser communication antenna comprises a beam expanding antenna 1, a fine tracking quick reflection mirror 2, a dichroic mirror 3, a filter 4, an advanced aiming quick reflection mirror 14, a shaping lens 15, a transmitting laser 16 and a servo turntable 17; the integrated detector comprises a beam splitting mirror 5, wherein the beam path after beam splitting is divided into two paths, one path of the beam path passes through an imaging focusing lens group 6 and then reaches a single photon-based light spot detector 7, and the other path of the beam path passes through a reflecting mirror 10 and then reaches a single photon communication detector 12 through a focusing lens group 11; the signal processing and controlling module comprises a single photon spot detector reading circuit 8 connected with the single photon-based spot detector 7 and a communication detector reading circuit 13 connected with the single photon communication detector 12, wherein the single photon spot detector reading circuit 8 and the communication detector reading circuit 13 are both connected with the communication and tracking signal processing circuit 9.
By adopting the scheme, the communication and tracking integrated detection device based on the single photon detection technology can transmit the laser communication signal in a transmitting light path, meanwhile, received light enters the integrated detector to be split, spot position deviation coordinates are respectively obtained on the spot detector based on the single photon, and communication signals are obtained on the spot detector based on the single photon communication, so that ultra-high sensitivity, high bandwidth communication and large view field tracking detection integrated reception are realized. The specific light path is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, the signal light emits light path: the system consists of a transmitting laser 16, a shaping lens 15, an early aiming fast reflecting mirror 14, a dichroic mirror 3, a fine tracking fast reflecting mirror 2 and a beam expanding antenna 1, wherein the transmitting laser 16 transmits signal light, after being shaped by the shaping lens 15, the signal light is aimed fast reflecting mirror in advance by the early aiming fast reflecting mirror 14, and the beam combination of transmitting and receiving light beams is realized by the dichroic mirror 3, and then the signal light is transmitted by the fine tracking fast reflecting mirror 2 and the beam expanding antenna 1 to form a signal light transmitting light path;
the modulation and the on-off of the emitting laser 16 can be controlled through the communication and tracking signal processing circuit 9, the pointing of the servo turntable 17 is controlled so as to realize the control of the large-range pointing of the emitting light beam, the advanced pointing fast reflecting mirror 14 and the fine tracking fast reflecting mirror 2 are controlled so as to realize the small-range high-precision pointing control of the emitting light beam, and the large-range and high-precision pointing of the target is realized through the two-stage precision control.
As shown in fig. 5, the beacon receive optical path: the device consists of a beam expanding antenna 1, a fine tracking quick reflection mirror 2, a dichroic mirror 3, a filter 4, a beam splitting mirror 5, an imaging focusing mirror group 6, a single photon-based spot detector 7, a single photon-based spot detector reading circuit 8 and a communication and tracking signal processing circuit 9, wherein the device is formed by an incidence terminal of the beam expanding antenna 1, is reflected by the fine tracking quick reflection mirror 2 after being shaped and compressed, is subjected to reflection wavelength separation by the dichroic mirror 3, is subjected to wavelength filtering by the filter 4, enters an integrated detector, and is subjected to signal and beacon separation by the beam splitting mirror 5 in the integrated detector, wherein beacon light is incident to the imaging focusing mirror group 6 and is focused on the single photon-based spot detector 7 to form a beacon light receiving light path.
Then, the light spot energy of the light spot on the focal plane of the light spot detector 7 based on the single photon is read by a light spot detector reading circuit 8 based on the single photon, and corresponding light spot deviation position information is obtained by calculation in a communication and tracking signal processing circuit 9; the light spot deviation information is used for calculating and obtaining angles needing to be tracked, and the angles are respectively sent to a 17-servo turntable (for realizing large-range, low-bandwidth, middle-low-precision target tracking) and a fine tracking quick reflection mirror 2 (for realizing small-range, high-bandwidth and high-precision target tracking), and large-range and high-precision photoelectric tracking of targets is realized through two-stage precision control.
The single photon-based spot detector is realized by adopting a single photon detector with a four-quadrant structure or a multi-channel technology, wherein the multi-channel technology comprises n-by-n design, wherein n is the pixel number of the single photon-based spot detector. Such as 3*3, or 4*4, or greater n x n designs (n is 2 or greater).
As shown in fig. 6, the signal light receiving optical path: the signal receiving device comprises a beam expanding antenna 1, a fine tracking fast reflecting mirror 2, a dichroic mirror 3, a filter 4, a reflecting mirror 10, a focusing mirror group 11, a single photon communication detector 12, a communication detector reading circuit 13 and a communication and tracking signal processing circuit 9, wherein the incident terminal of the beam expanding antenna 1 is shaped and compressed and then reflected by the fine tracking fast reflecting mirror 2, the dichroic mirror 3 is used for reflecting wavelength separation, the filter 4 is used for wavelength filtering and then enters an integrated detector, the separation of signals and beacons is realized in the integrated detector through the beam splitting mirror 5, and the signal light is transmitted through the reflecting mirror 10, enters the focusing mirror group 11 and finally focused on the focal plane of the single photon communication detector 12 to form a signal receiving light path. The intensity information of the signal light at the focal plane of the single photon communication detector 12 is read by the communication detector reading circuit 13, and corresponding communication information is obtained in the communication and tracking signal processing circuit 9.
The filter in this embodiment: the filter bandwidth meeting the communication wavelength and the like is selected, but the filter bandwidth is as small as possible, invalid background stray light incidence is avoided, and parallel light is allowed to pass through the filter, so that windows of a beam splitting lens 5, an imaging focusing lens group 6, a single photon-based spot detector 7, a reflecting mirror 10, a focusing lens group 11 and a single photon communication detector 12 of a single photon detection assembly are ensured.
The beam splitting ratio of the beam splitter in this embodiment needs to satisfy the following relationship:
wherein T is 1 Is based on the transmittance of a single photon light spot detector end, T 2 Is the transmittance of the single photon communication detector end,f 1 andf 2 the data update frequencies for the single photon based spot detector and the single photon communication detector respectively,and->The detection probability of the spot detector and the single photon communication detector based on single photons is respectively, and n is the pixel number of the spot detector based on single photons. With the data update frequencies of the single photon-based light spot detector and the single photon communication detector being 4kHz and 2.5GHz respectively, the detection probabilities of the single photon-based light spot detector and the single photon communication detector are 85% and 95% respectively and the baseThe number of spot detector pixels for single photon (4*4) is illustrated as follows:
in this embodiment, the diameter of the spot focused on the single-photon-based spot detector by the imaging focusing lens group is larger than or equal to the size of the pixel of the single-photon-based spot detector. At present, a single photon-based spot detector has 7 pixels (4*4), the pixel size is about 240 mu m (a channel is about 1-2 mu m), the total size of a target surface is 965 mu m, the spot size is about 300 mu m, and the equivalent focal length is about 360mm, as shown in fig. 3.
The focusing lens designed in the embodiment should be as small as possible, and the optimal design is to meet the minimum light spot design of the optical antenna. The photosurface of the current 12 single photon based communication detector is 10 mu m, the focal spot size is about 16 mu m, and the equivalent focal length is about 135mm.
In practical engineering, it is difficult to achieve this ratio (1:10 5 ) The ratio beam splitting slice can be used as a 1:99 beam splitting slice, and the energy attenuation of the communication section is only-0.04 dB and can be ignored.
With the above design, a signal light receiving field of view of 98 μrad is realized, and a beacon light receiving field of view can reach 2680 μrad. Compared with the traditional single photon-based communication and tracking integrated detector (20 μm focal plane size, 10 μm pixel, focal length 445mm, spot size 12 μm, communication/tracking field of view 44.9 μm rad), the communication receiving field of view and the beacon detection receiving field of view are both increased significantly.
It should be noted that the foregoing merely illustrates the technical idea of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and that a person skilled in the art may make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The communication and tracking integrated detection device based on the single photon detection technology is characterized by comprising a laser communication antenna, an integrated detector and a signal processing and control module; the laser communication antenna comprises a beam expanding antenna, a fine tracking quick reflection mirror, a dichroic mirror, a filter, an advanced aiming quick reflection mirror, a shaping lens, a transmitting laser and a servo turntable; the integrated detector comprises a beam splitter, wherein a beam path after beam splitting is divided into two paths, one path of the beam path passes through an imaging focusing lens group and then reaches a single photon-based light spot detector, and the other path of the beam path passes through a reflecting mirror and then reaches a single photon communication detector through the focusing lens group; the signal processing and control module comprises a single-photon spot detector reading circuit connected with the single-photon-based spot detector and a communication detector reading circuit connected with the single-photon communication detector, wherein the single-photon spot detector reading circuit and the communication detector reading circuit are both connected with the communication and tracking signal processing circuit;
the beam splitting ratio of the beam splitter needs to satisfy the following relation:
，
wherein T is 1 Is based on the transmittance of a single photon light spot detector end, T 2 Is the transmittance of the single photon communication detector end,f 1 andf 2 the data update frequencies for the single photon based spot detector and the single photon communication detector respectively,and->The detection probability of the spot detector and the single photon communication detector based on single photons is respectively, and n is the pixel number of the spot detector based on single photons.
2. The integrated communication and tracking detection device based on the single photon detection technology according to claim 1, wherein the spot diameter of the imaging focusing lens group focused on the single photon-based spot detector is larger than or equal to the pixel size of the single photon-based spot detector.
3. The integrated communication and tracking detection device based on the single photon detection technology according to claim 1, wherein the single photon-based spot detector is implemented by adopting a single photon detector with a four-quadrant structure or a multi-channel technology, and the multi-channel technology comprises n x n design, wherein n is the number of pixels of the single photon-based spot detector.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102223177A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2011-10-19 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Ultra-long distance optical communication system and ultra-long distance optical communication method based on single-photon detection |
| CN112179507A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-01-05 | 浙江大学 | Method for measuring optical second-order correlation function based on single-photon detector |
| CN113093154A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-07-09 | 武汉大学 | Single photon laser height measurement satellite ground active detector |
| CN114859288A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-05 | 北京理工大学 | Single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and method |
| CN115452145A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-09 | 厦门市三安集成电路有限公司 | Testing device of single photon detector |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102223177A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2011-10-19 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Ultra-long distance optical communication system and ultra-long distance optical communication method based on single-photon detection |
| CN112179507A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-01-05 | 浙江大学 | Method for measuring optical second-order correlation function based on single-photon detector |
| CN113093154A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-07-09 | 武汉大学 | Single photon laser height measurement satellite ground active detector |
| CN114859288A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-05 | 北京理工大学 | Single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and method |
| CN115452145A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-09 | 厦门市三安集成电路有限公司 | Testing device of single photon detector |
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