CN116594070B - Gravity acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving method of quantum gravity gradiometer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a gravity acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving method of a quantum gravity gradiometer, which comprises the following steps: collecting atomic interference signals output by an upper interferometer and a lower interferometer, and obtaining a phase difference of the two interference signals by using ellipse fitting; calculating the gravity gradient in the vertical direction according to the phase difference of the two interference signals; collecting vibration signals of a Raman light reflector, calculating the cycle number of 2 pi of the vibration phase shift, solving an elliptic parameter equation by combining two atomic interference signals, and calculating interference fringe phase shift; and calculating the gravity acceleration measurement value according to the interference fringe phase shift. According to the scheme, the gravity acceleration and the gravity gradient can be synchronously calculated and output, the problem that the gravity measurement sensitivity is limited by the background noise of the accelerometer is avoided, and the accuracy and the reliability of the gravity acceleration and the gravity gradient measurement are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cold atom interference precise measurement, and particularly relates to a gravity acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving method of a quantum gravity gradiometer.
Background
The gravity field is an inherent physical characteristic of the earth, can reflect the material distribution and movement rules of the earth surface layer and the interior, and the high-precision gravity field information is essential basic data for researching geological structures, mineral resource distribution rules and the like, provides powerful technical support for quickly and accurately exploring national strategic resources such as petroleum, ore and the like, and can also be used for basic scientific research and geological disaster forecast. The gravitational field information includes gravitational gradient and gravitational acceleration. The gravity gradient reflects the detailed information of the gravity field, and the spatial resolution is high. Therefore, the gravity gradiometer is commonly used for measuring the gravitational field with large scale, and can give out excellent high-frequency information of the gravitational field. The gravity meter is used for measuring the gravitational field with small scale and providing low frequency information of the gravitational field. Combining the two can obtain accurate broad-spectrum gravitational field description.
With the development of cold atom interference technology in recent years, a quantum gravity gradiometer receives a great deal of attention because of the advantages of high theoretical precision, low drift, self calibration, no mechanical abrasion and the like. The basic working principle of the quantum gravity gradiometer is as follows: the two groups of cold atomic groups interfere under the action of the same Raman laser pulse sequence, under the condition that environmental vibration is not considered, the interference fringe phase shift of the two groups of atoms respectively reflects the gravity acceleration value of the position where the two groups of cold atomic groups are located, and the gravity gradient value in the direction can be obtained by utilizing the differential operation of the gravity acceleration value to the position. Most of the current quantum gravity gradiometers can only be used for outputting gravity gradient values, and the traditional gravity acceleration extraction method based on vibration phase resolution is limited in measurement sensitivity and noise floor of the accelerometer.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a gravity acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving method of a quantum gravity gradiometer, which is used for solving the problem that the gravity measurement sensitivity is limited by the background noise of an accelerometer in the existing gravity acceleration resolving scheme, and can also enable the quantum gravity gradiometer to output gravity acceleration while outputting gravity gradient.
In a first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a gravity acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving method for a quantum gravity gradiometer, including:
collecting interference signals output by an upper atomic interferometer and a lower atomic interferometer, fitting the two atomic interference signals by using an ellipse fitting method, and resolving phase differences brought by gravity gradients in the vertical direction to interference fringes of the two interferometers;
calculating the gravity gradient in the vertical direction according to the effective wave vector of the Raman light, the interval time of two Raman pulses, the vertical distance between the upper interferometer and the lower interferometer and the phase difference between the two interference fringes;
collecting vibration signals of a Raman light reflector, calculating the cycle number of 2 pi passing through vibration phase shift, solving an elliptic parameter equation by combining two atomic interference signals, and calculating interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravity acceleration;
and according to interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravity acceleration, a Raman laser effective wave vector and interval time between two adjacent Raman pulses, solving a gravity acceleration measurement value.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the gravity gradient and the gravity acceleration can be obtained by synchronous calculation according to the atomic interference signals output by the upper interferometer and the lower interferometer and the vibration signals of the Raman light reflecting mirror, the problem that the measurement sensitivity of the gravity acceleration is limited by the background noise of the accelerometer is avoided, the accuracy and the reliability of the calculation of the gravity acceleration and the gravity gradient can be ensured, and the gravity acceleration and the gravity gradient are insensitive to the interference fringe amplitude and the offset noise.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for synchronously resolving gravitational acceleration and gravitational gradient of a quantum gravity gradiometer according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gravity gradiometer according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a raman light mirror vibration detecting and collecting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be understood that the term "comprising" and other similar meaning in the description of the invention or the claims and the above-mentioned figures is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such as a process, method or system, apparatus comprising a series of steps or elements, without limitation to the listed steps or elements. Furthermore, "first" and "second" are used to distinguish between different objects and are not used to describe a particular order.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for synchronously resolving gravitational acceleration and gravitational gradient of a quantum gravity gradiometer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101, collecting interference signals output by an upper atomic interferometer and a lower atomic interferometer, fitting the two atomic interference signals by using an ellipse fitting method, and solving a phase difference brought by gravity gradient in the vertical direction to the two interferometers;
the quantum gravity gradiometer comprises an upper cold atom interferometer and a lower cold atom interferometer. The atomic interference signal is generally collected by a fluorescent collecting lens, subjected to photoelectric conversion, and converted by a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to obtain a corresponding digital signal.
Specifically, the atomic interference signals P acquired by two interferometers i1 、P i2 Respectively as the abscissa and the ordinate, which satisfies the elliptic parameter equation:
;(1)
wherein P is i1 、P i2 Representing the atomic interference signals of the ith two interferometer measurements,representing the phase difference phi caused by gravity gradient in the vertical direction to two interferometers i Indicating the phase shift of interference fringes caused by vibration and gravitational acceleration in the ith measurement, A i1 、A i2 、B i1 、B i2 Is an elliptic equation parameter;
elliptical fitting is carried out on data measured by a cold atom interferometer for a certain number of times, and phase difference brought by gravity gradient in the vertical direction to two interferometers is solvedAnd the parameter A can be obtained by fitting i1 、A i2 、B i1 、B i2 Is a value of (2).
S102, calculating a gravity gradient in the vertical direction according to the effective wave vector of the Raman light, the interval time of two Raman pulses, the vertical distance between the upper interferometer and the lower interferometer and the phase difference between the two interference fringes;
the raman light effective wave vector, the interval time between two raman pulses and the vertical distance between the upper and lower interferometers are all known quantities, and can be obtained by actual measurement or used as a standard quantity.
Specifically, the vertical gravity gradient is calculated according to formula (2):
;(2)
in the method, in the process of the invention,representing the phase difference, k, of the gravity gradient in the vertical direction brought to the two interferometers eff And T is the interval time of two adjacent Raman pulses, and L is the vertical distance between the upper interferometer and the lower interferometer.
S103, collecting vibration signals of the Raman light reflecting mirror, calculating the cycle number of 2 pi which is passed by vibration phase shift, solving an elliptic parameter equation by combining two atomic interference signals, and calculating interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravity acceleration;
based on two atomic interference signals P i1 、P i2 Solving equation set equation (1), i.e., elliptic parameter equation.
When the ambient vibration noise is large, the phase shift of the interference fringe caused by the vibration may exceed the range of 2 pi, so the phase shift phi of the interference fringe can be increased i Expressed as:
;
wherein,,n i the number of 2 pi cycles that the vibrational phase shift passes through can be calculated based on the vibrational signal collected by the raman optical mirror.
Further, the interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravitational acceleration is calculated according to the formula (3):
;(3)
in phi i Representing the phase shift of interference fringes, P, caused by vibration and gravitational acceleration in the ith measurement i1 、P i2 Representing atomic interferometry signals of the ith two interferometers, A i1 、A i2 、B i1 、B i2 The resulting elliptic equation parameters are fitted for the ellipse,representing the phase difference brought by gravity gradient in the vertical direction to two interferometers, n i The number of 2 pi cycles that passed for the vibrational phase shift.
S104, according to interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravity acceleration, an effective wave vector of Raman laser and interval time of two adjacent Raman pulses, solving a gravity acceleration measurement value.
Due to the randomness of the vibration phase shift, the average value is0, thus, the phase shift of the gravitational acceleration to the lower interferometer is expressed as。
Specifically, the gravitational acceleration measurement is calculated according to equation (4):
;(4)
wherein g represents gravitational acceleration, k eff And T is the interval time of two adjacent Raman pulses.
In this embodiment, the accelerometer for measuring the vibration condition of the raman optical mirror is only used for counting the 2 pi cycles of the vibration phase shift, so that the requirement on the noise floor of the accelerometer is not high, and the accelerometer with a slightly worse noise floor but higher measurement bandwidth can be selected, which is also beneficial to the resolution of the high-frequency vibration phase shift information in the dynamic environment. Compared with the vibration compensation scheme commonly used in the traditional static cold atom gravimeter, the gravity measurement sensitivity of the embodiment is not limited by the noise floor of the accelerometer; compared with a vibration compensation scheme for calculating the period of a vibration phase passing period in a dynamic cold atom gravity meter, the embodiment is insensitive to interference fringe amplitude and offset noise. Therefore, the problem that the gravity measurement sensitivity is limited by the noise floor of the accelerometer in the traditional gravity acceleration resolving scheme is solved, and the gravity acceleration and the gravity gradient can be resolved synchronously.
It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiment does not mean the sequence of execution, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be construed as limiting the implementation process of the embodiment of the present invention.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a gravity gradiometer is provided, comprising:
an upper atomic interferometer and a lower atomic interferometer;
the upper interferometer atomic interference signal detecting and collecting unit 210 is used for collecting upper cold atomic interference signals;
a lower interferometer atomic interference signal detecting and collecting unit 220 for collecting a lower cold atomic interference signal;
the raman light reflector vibration detecting and collecting unit 230 is used for collecting vibration signals of the raman light reflector in the atomic interference process;
the gravitational acceleration and gravitational gradient synchronous resolving unit 240 is configured to synchronously resolve the gravitational acceleration and gravitational gradient according to the atomic interference signals collected by the upper interferometer and the lower interferometer and the vibration signal of the raman optical reflector;
according to the effective wave vector of the Raman light, the interval time of the two Raman pulses, the vertical distance between the upper interferometer and the lower interferometer and the phase difference between the two interference fringes, the gravity gradient in the vertical direction is calculated;
the vibration signal of the Raman light reflecting mirror is collected, the cycle number of 2 pi passing through the vibration phase shift is calculated, then an elliptic parameter equation is solved by combining two atomic interference signals, the interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravity acceleration is calculated, and the gravity acceleration measured value is calculated according to the interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravity acceleration, the effective wave vector of Raman laser and the interval time between two adjacent Raman pulses.
The upper interferometer atomic interference signal detecting and collecting unit 210 includes an upper interferometer fluorescence collecting lens, an upper interferometer photoelectric detector, and an upper interferometer high-speed ADC, the lower interferometer atomic interference signal detecting and collecting unit 220 includes a lower interferometer fluorescence collecting lens, a lower interferometer photoelectric detector, and a lower interferometer high-speed ADC (i.e., analog-to-digital converter), and the raman optical mirror vibration detecting and collecting unit 230 includes an accelerometer and a high-speed ADC.
The upper interferometer fluorescence collection lens is used for collecting fluorescence emitted by atoms, the upper interferometer photoelectric detector is used for converting the atomic fluorescence into an analog electric signal, and the upper interferometer high-speed ADC is used for converting the analog electric signal into a digital signal; similarly, the lower interferometer fluorescence collection lens is used for collecting fluorescence emitted by atoms, the lower interferometer photoelectric detector is used for converting the atomic fluorescence into an analog electric signal, and the lower interferometer high-speed ADC is used for converting the analog electric signal into a digital signal.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the raman light mirror vibration detection and acquisition unit 230 is comprised of an accelerometer 2301 attached to a raman light mirror and a vibration acquisition high speed ADC 2302. The accelerometer is used for measuring vibration signals of the Raman light reflecting mirror, and the vibration acquisition high-speed ADC is used for converting analog signals output by the accelerometer into digital signals.
The upper interferometer atomic interference signal detection and acquisition unit and the lower interferometer atomic interference signal acquisition unit respectively acquire interference signals of upper groups of cold atoms and lower groups of cold atoms and then input the interference signals into the gravitational acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving unit 240, the Raman light reflector vibration detection and acquisition unit 230 acquires vibration signals of the Raman light reflector in the atomic interference process and then inputs the vibration signals into the gravitational acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving unit 240, and the gravitational acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving unit 240 carries out resolving output.
The gravity gradiometer provided in the embodiment is specifically a quantum gravity gradiometer, and the gravity gradiometer based on the gravity acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving unit can output a gravity gradient value and a gravity acceleration value on the quantum gravity gradiometer at the same time, effectively avoids the problem that the gravity measurement sensitivity is limited by the noise floor of the accelerometer in the traditional gravity acceleration resolving scheme, and is insensitive to interference fringe amplitude and offset noise.
It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the apparatus and modules described above may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not repeated herein.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The gravity acceleration and gravity gradient synchronous resolving method of the quantum gravity gradiometer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting interference signals output by an upper atomic interferometer and a lower atomic interferometer, fitting the two atomic interference signals by using an ellipse fitting method, and resolving a phase difference brought by gravity gradient in the vertical direction to the two interferometers;
calculating the gravity gradient in the vertical direction according to the effective wave vector of the Raman light, the interval time of two Raman pulses, the vertical distance between the upper interferometer and the lower interferometer and the phase difference between the two interference fringes;
collecting vibration signals of a Raman light reflector, calculating the cycle number of 2 pi passing through vibration phase shift, solving an elliptic parameter equation by combining two atomic interference signals, and calculating interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravity acceleration;
wherein, the interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravitational acceleration is calculated according to the formula (3):
;(3)
in the method, in the process of the invention,φ i representing the phase shift of interference fringes, P, caused by vibration and gravitational acceleration in the ith measurement i1 、P i2 Representing atomic interferometry signals of the ith two interferometers, A i1 、A i2 、B i1 、B i2 Representing the parameters of the elliptic equation resulting from the elliptic fitting,φrepresenting the phase difference brought by gravity gradient in the vertical direction to two interferometers, n i A number of 2 pi cycles that have passed for the vibrational phase shift;
and according to interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravity acceleration, a Raman laser effective wave vector and interval time between two adjacent Raman pulses, solving a gravity acceleration measurement value.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fitting of the two atomic interference signals by using an ellipse fitting method, and the resolving of the phase difference brought by the gravity gradient in the vertical direction to the two interferometers is specifically:
atomic interference signals P collected by two interferometers i1 、P i2 Respectively as the abscissa and ordinate, P i1 、P i2 The elliptic parameter equation is satisfied:
; (1)
wherein P is i1 、P i2 Representing the atomic interference signals of the ith two interferometer measurements,φrepresenting the phase difference brought by the gravity gradient in the vertical direction to the two interferometers,φ i indicating the phase shift of interference fringes caused by vibration and gravitational acceleration in the ith measurement, A i1 、A i2 、B i1 、B i2 Is an elliptic equation parameter;
elliptical fitting is carried out on data measured by a cold atom interferometer for a certain number of times, and phase difference brought by gravity gradient in the vertical direction to two interferometers is solvedφ。
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the gravity gradient in the vertical direction according to the raman light effective wave vector, the interval time between two raman pulses, the vertical distance between the upper and lower interferometers, and the phase difference between the two interference fringes is specifically:
calculating a gravity gradient in the vertical direction according to formula (2):
; (2)
in the method, in the process of the invention,φrepresenting gravity in the vertical directionThe gradient gives the phase difference to the two interferometers,k eff and T is the interval time of two adjacent Raman pulses, and L is the vertical distance between the upper interferometer and the lower interferometer.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the gravity acceleration measurement value according to the interference fringe phase shift caused by vibration and gravity acceleration, the raman laser effective wave vector and the interval time between two adjacent raman pulses specifically comprises:
the phase shift of the gravitational acceleration to the lower interferometer is expressed as;
Calculating a gravitational acceleration measurement according to equation (4):
;
in the formula, g represents the acceleration of gravity,k eff and T is the interval time of two adjacent Raman pulses.
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