CN116593274A

CN116593274A - Elastic connecting pipe pressure balancing device and impact test method

Info

Publication number: CN116593274A
Application number: CN202310595317.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈文妮; 陈辉; 唐佳炜; 毛海斌; 黄亚平; 刘建湖; 穆春元
Original assignee: 702th Research Institute of CSIC; Taihu Laboratory of Deep Sea Technological Science
Current assignee: 702th Research Institute of CSIC; Taihu Laboratory of Deep Sea Technological Science
Priority date: 2023-05-24
Filing date: 2023-05-24
Publication date: 2023-08-15

Abstract

An elastic connecting pipe pressure balancing device and an impact test method are provided, wherein the opening end of a cup-shaped body of a cylinder body is provided with a first connecting part and a first impact part, the closed end of the cup-shaped body is a first sliding part, and the bottom of the cup-shaped body is provided with a sliding hole; the piston piece comprises a rod-shaped body with one end provided with a piston disc, the outer peripheral surface of the piston disc is in sliding fit with the inner wall surface of the cup-shaped body, and the other end of the rod-shaped body is provided with a second sliding part in sliding fit with the sliding hole; the middle part of the plate-shaped body of the mounting disc is provided with a sealing groove with an inner wall surface in sliding fit with the first sliding part, and the end part of the second sliding part is connected with the fixing hole; when the first connecting part is connected with the first connecting end and the second connecting part on the plate-shaped body is connected with the second connecting end, an outer cavity is formed outside the cup-shaped body, an inner cavity is formed in the cup-shaped body, and the pressure is regulated through a pressurizing medium. Therefore, the elastic connecting pipe can basically not change the axial mechanical state when receiving the axial impact load, and the axial compression/tension impact test can be accurately carried out.

Description

Elastic connecting pipe pressure balancing device and impact test method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline element testing, in particular to an elastic connecting pipe pressure balancing device and an impact test method.

Background

The elastic connecting pipe body is an elastic pipe fitting, the elastic pipe fitting can be a corrugated pipe made of metal, nonmetal or composite material, and flexible pipe fittings can be made of metal, nonmetal or composite material, and two ends of the pipe are connected with the pipeline in a flange connection mode, a clamp connection mode, a screw thread connection mode and the like. When the pressure in the pipe changes, the elastic connecting pipe in a free state can stretch and retract along the axial direction.

The elastic connecting pipe is widely applied to the fields of ships and the like, under the working state, the internal normal pressure of some elastic connecting pipes is often up to several megapascals, if the quality is not too close, the pipeline is damaged under the combined action of the accidental loads such as steady-state normal pressure load, transient impact and the like, so that the high-pressure gas/liquid in the pipe is leaked, and the safety accident occurs. In order to ensure safety, the elastic connecting pipe device needs to be subjected to impact mechanical property test and examination before being used.

Impact mechanical property test is generally a test method for determining the safety, reliability and effectiveness of products of military and civil equipment when the military and civil equipment is subjected to external force, and often requires that a test sample is in a rated working state, axial limit is required to be carried out on an elastic connecting pipe, otherwise, a pipeline is greatly stretched under working internal pressure of up to several megapascals, and thus the pipeline deviates from the working state.

At present, a rigid/elastic member is generally adopted to directly fix flanges at two ends of a pipeline for axial limiting, and the method limits the extension of an elastic connecting pipe, but greatly changes the axial mechanical state of a test system in which the elastic connecting pipe is positioned, so that axial impact load cannot be effectively transmitted to the elastic connecting pipe, and thus, the mechanical property test cannot be accurately carried out.

Disclosure of Invention

The inventor aims at the defects in the prior art, and provides an elastic connecting pipe pressure balancing device and an impact test method, so that the axial mechanical state of the elastic connecting pipe can not be changed basically when the elastic connecting pipe receives axial impact load, the impact load is effectively transferred to the elastic connecting pipe, and meanwhile, the elastic connecting pipe can accurately develop axial compression/tension impact test under rated working pressure and rated working length.

The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

the elastic connecting pipe pressure balancing device comprises an elastic pipe fitting, wherein one end of the elastic pipe fitting is a first connecting end, the other end of the elastic pipe fitting is a second connecting end,

comprises a cylinder body, a piston piece and a mounting disc;

the cylinder body has the structure that: the novel anti-collision device comprises a cup-shaped body, wherein a first connecting part of an annular structure is arranged at the opening end of the cup-shaped body, the first connecting part is used for being connected with the first connecting end in a sealing way, a first impact part of the annular structure is arranged above the middle part of the first connecting part, the first impact part, the first connecting part and the cup-shaped body are concentric, the peripheral surface of the closed end of the cup-shaped body is a first sliding part, and a sliding hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the cup-shaped body;

The piston member has the structure that: the piston disc is arranged at one end of the rod-shaped body, the outer peripheral surface of the piston disc is in sealing and sliding fit with the inner wall surface of the cup-shaped body, the outer peripheral surface of the other end of the rod-shaped body is provided with a second sliding part, and the second sliding part is in sealing and sliding fit with the sliding hole;

the structure of the mounting plate is as follows: the sealing device comprises a plate-shaped body, wherein a sealing groove with an upward opening is formed in the middle of the plate-shaped body, the inner wall surface of the sealing groove is in sealing and sliding fit with the first sliding part, a second connecting part is arranged on the plate-shaped body at the periphery of the sealing groove and is used for being in sealing connection with the second connecting end, a fixing hole is formed in the bottom of the sealing groove, the end part of the second sliding part is detachably and fixedly connected with the fixing hole, and a second impact part is arranged at the periphery of the plate-shaped body;

when the first connecting part is in sealing connection with the first connecting end and the second connecting part is in sealing connection with the second connecting end, the elastic pipe fitting is positioned outside the cup-shaped body, an outer cavity is formed between the outside of the cup-shaped body and the elastic pipe fitting, and an inner cavity is formed between the inside of the cup-shaped body and the piston piece;

The outer cavity is filled with a first pressurizing medium through the first pressurizing port, and the inner cavity is filled with a second pressurizing medium through the second pressurizing port.

As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:

the first pressurizing medium comprises gas and liquid, the first pressurizing port is arranged on the first connecting part, and gas is filled into the outer cavity from the first pressurizing port;

the first connecting part is further provided with a first liquid injection port, the first liquid injection port is communicated with the outer cavity, and the first liquid injection port is used for injecting liquid into the outer cavity.

The second pressurizing medium comprises gas and liquid, the piston disc is provided with the second pressurizing port, and the gas is filled into the inner cavity from the second pressurizing port;

the piston disc is further provided with a second liquid injection port, the second liquid injection port is communicated with the inner cavity, and the second liquid injection port is used for injecting liquid into the inner cavity.

The height of the gas in the outer cavity is h when the elastic connecting pipe is in an initial state ₀ ：

In the formula (1):

Δh: rated maximum deformation of the elastic connecting pipe (compression positive and tension negative);

delta: in the test, the allowable pressure change percentage (positive compression and negative tension) in the outer cavity;

m: polytropic index.

The bottom of the sealing groove is also provided with a through hole.

The bottom lower surface of cup-shaped body with seal groove's bottom cooperation, be provided with spacing portion on the shaft-like body between the piston disc with the second sliding part, spacing portion with the bottom cooperation of cup-shaped body.

An impact test method for an elastic connection pipe comprises the following steps:

s1: the elastic connecting pipe is assembled with the pressure balancing device, a first pressurizing medium is filled into the outer cavity through the first pressurizing port, a second pressurizing medium is filled into the inner cavity through the second pressurizing port, the pressure in the outer cavity is the rated working pressure of the elastic connecting pipe, the rated working length of the elastic connecting pipe is kept through adjusting the pressure of the inner cavity, and the adjusted elastic connecting pipe is in an initial state;

and S1, after the step is finished, performing an axial compression impact test on the elastic connecting pipe, wherein the steps are as follows:

s12: assembling a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe with a mechanical property testing machine, and enabling the pressure balancing device to be positioned under an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, wherein the axis of the elastic connecting pipe is coincident with the axis of the impact hammer;

s13: the impact hammer is lowered to axially compress the elastic connecting pipe,

the first connecting end and the cylinder body slide towards the direction of the mounting disc, the elastic connecting pipe is compressed, and the compression amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount;

After the step S1 is completed, the elastic connecting pipe is subjected to axial tensile impact test as follows:

s22: assembling a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe with a mechanical property testing machine, and enabling the pressure balancing device to be positioned under an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, wherein the axis of the elastic connecting pipe is coincident with the axis of the impact hammer;

s23: the impact hammer is lowered to axially pull the elastic connecting pipe,

the first connecting end and the cylinder body slide towards the direction far away from the mounting disc, the elastic connecting pipe is stretched, and the stretching amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount.

As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:

s1, in the step of: the first pressurizing medium filled in the outer cavity comprises gas and liquid, and the gas height in the outer cavity is h when the elastic connecting pipe is in an initial state ₀ ：

In the formula (1):

m: polytropic index.

When the hammering method is adopted, the following steps are adopted:

s12, in the step of: placing a pressure balance device provided with an elastic connecting pipe on the test collision basis of the mechanical property testing machine, enabling a first impact part to face an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, and simultaneously installing an impact head on the first impact part, wherein the impact head is of a conical disc-shaped structure, so that the middle part of the impact head is hammered when the impact hammer descends;

S13, in the step of: descending the impact hammer to hammer the impact head, wherein the positions of the second connecting end, the piston piece and the mounting disc are unchanged;

in the step S22: placing a plurality of upright posts of a bracket on a test collision foundation, and connecting the lower surface of a horizontal mounting plate connected with the plurality of upright posts simultaneously with a first impact part to enable a pressure balancing device to be in a suspended state; connecting a plurality of columns of the impact column with the second impact part, and enabling an impact plate connected with the columns at the same time to be positioned above the horizontal mounting plate, wherein the impact plate corresponds to the impact hammer;

in step S23: the impact hammer is lowered to hammer the impact plate, so that the elastic connecting pipe is axially pulled, and the positions of the first connecting end and the cylinder body are unchanged.

When adopting the falling method:

s12, in the step of: connecting a second impact part of a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe with the lower surface of an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, enabling the pressure balancing device to be in a suspension state, enabling a first impact part to be opposite to a test collision foundation of the mechanical property testing machine, and simultaneously installing an impact head on the first impact part, wherein the impact head is of a conical disc-shaped structure, so that the middle part of the impact head is contacted with the test collision foundation when the impact hammer descends;

s13, in the step of: when the impact hammer descends, the pressure balancing device falls from a designated height, the first impact part is contacted and extruded with the test collision foundation, so that the elastic connecting pipe is axially pressed, and the positions of the second connecting end, the piston piece and the mounting disc relative to the impact hammer are unchanged;

In the step S22: a plurality of stand columns of a bracket are arranged on the lower surface of an impact hammer, a horizontal mounting plate which is simultaneously connected with the stand columns is connected with a first impact part, so that the pressure balancing device is in a suspended state, and the first impact part faces to a test collision foundation; placing the impact column on a test collision foundation, enabling a plurality of columns of the impact column to correspond to the second impact part, and enabling the impact hammer to descend to enable the plurality of columns to be in contact with the second impact part;

in step S23: when the impact hammer descends, the pressure balancing device falls from the designated height, the second impact part is in contact with the pillar and presses, so that the elastic connecting pipe is axially pulled, and the positions of the first connecting end and the cylinder body relative to the impact hammer are unchanged.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

the invention has compact and reasonable structure and convenient operation, and the cylinder body is in sliding and sealing fit with the piston piece arranged on the mounting disc, so that the deformation of the elastic connecting pipe is limited to the axial telescopic deformation when the elastic connecting pipe is arranged on the device through the sliding and sealing fit structure of the cylinder body and the mounting disc, and the impact load is effectively transferred to the elastic connecting pipe; when the elastic connecting pipe is installed on the device, the cylinder body, the installation disc and the elastic connecting pipe are enclosed to form an outer cavity, an inner cavity is formed between the cylinder body and the piston piece, and the initial state before the elastic connecting pipe test is adjusted by filling a pressurizing medium into the outer cavity and the inner cavity, so that the elastic connecting pipe can basically maintain the rated axial mechanical state when receiving axial impact load, and the elastic connecting pipe can accurately develop an axial compression/tension impact test under the rated working pressure and the rated working length.

Meanwhile, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) The pressure balancing device has universality, under the condition that the elastic connecting pipe is not dismounted, the experimental conditions of the axial compression/tension impact test can be switched by only changing the acting part of the impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine and the pressure balancing device and changing the mode that the pressure balancing device is placed on the basis of the test collision, so that the impact test steps of the elastic connecting pipe are simplified, and the test efficiency is improved.

(2) Through set up two interfaces and be used for injecting gas and liquid respectively on first connecting portion, because the compressibility of liquid is not good, pack a part space through the liquid, reduce the volume of gas to reduce the energy that gas compression reserved, when not reaching the rated operating pressure of elasticity takeover before the pressurization when damage or impact test in-process damage can reduce the release of energy, guarantee the security in the test process.

(3) On the basis of the rated maximum deformation, the pressure change of the whole outer cavity is limited, the height of the air cavity in the initial state is obtained, the test condition is more accurately limited, the state which is closer to the working pressure of the elastic connecting pipe is simulated in the test process, and the result of the impact test is more accurate.

(4) Through set up two interfaces and be used for injecting gas and liquid respectively on the piston disc, because the compressibility of liquid is not good, through liquid filling a part space, reduce the volume of gas, it is more convenient to make the operation process that adopts gas pressurization, and pressure variation changes into the relative displacement of cylinder body, piston spare and mounting disc more sensitive.

(5) Through the bottom lower surface of cup body and the bottom cooperation of sealed recess, the limit part is with the bottom complex structure of cup body, realizes the structure of pressure balance device self as limit structure, restricts the maximum deflection of elastic connection pipe in the axial compression/tensile impact test process, simplifies the auxiliary fixtures quantity except pressure balance device that uses in the test process.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an exploded view (another view) of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an isometric cross-sectional view of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the cylinder body of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view (another view) of the cylinder body of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a piston member of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view (another view) of the piston member of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the mounting plate of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view (another view) of the mounting plate of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention used for the axial compression impact test of the elastic connection pipe.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention (another view) for an axial compression impact test of an elastic adapter.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention used for the axial tensile impact test of the elastic adapter.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention when used in an axial tensile impact test of an elastic adapter (when using an impact post).

FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of the fluid level of the pressurized medium within the outer and inner chambers of the present invention.

Wherein:

1. a cylinder; 101. a first connection portion; 102. a first sliding portion; 103. a cup-shaped body; 104. a first impact portion; 105. a first pressurizing port; 106. a first liquid injection port; 107. a sliding hole;

2. a piston member; 201. a piston disc; 202. a second sliding part; 203. a rod-shaped body; 204. a limit part; 205. a second pressurizing port; 206. a second liquid injection port;

3. a mounting plate; 301. a second connecting portion; 302. sealing the groove; 303. a plate-like body; 304. a fixing hole; 305. a through hole; 306. a second impact portion;

4. an elastic connecting pipe; 401. a first connection end; 402. a second connection end; 403. an elastic tube member;

5. A bracket; 501. a horizontal mounting plate; 502. a column; 6. an impact head; 7. a support ring; 8. an impact post; 801. an impingement plate; 802. a column;

A. an outer cavity; a1, an air cavity; a2, a liquid cavity; B. an inner cavity.

Detailed Description

The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, after the elastic connection pipe pressure balancing device of the present embodiment is assembled with the elastic connection pipe 4, the elastic connection pipe 4 can maintain the rated working length while bearing the rated working pressure, and the axial mechanical state of the elastic connection pipe 4 can not be changed basically when the elastic connection pipe is subjected to the axial impact load, so that the impact load is effectively transferred to the elastic connection pipe 4, and the elastic connection pipe 4 can accurately perform the axial compression/tension impact test under the rated working pressure and the rated working length.

The elastic connection tube 4 comprises an elastic tube 403, one end of the elastic tube 403 is a first connection end 401, and the other end of the elastic tube 403 is a second connection end 402. The elastic connection pipe 4 can be of various structures, and for the elastic pipe 403, a corrugated pipe made of metal, nonmetal or composite material can be used, and for the first connection end 401 and the second connection end 402, a bolt connection flange structure can be used, and for the first connection end and the second connection end 402, a clamp connection flange structure or a threaded pipe section can be used.

The pressure balancing device comprises a cylinder 1, a piston member 2 and a mounting plate 3.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the cylinder 1 has the structure: including cup body 103, the open end of cup body 103 is provided with annular structure's first connecting portion 101, and first connecting portion 101 is used for with first connecting end 401 sealing connection, and the middle part top of first connecting portion 101 is provided with annular structure's first impact portion 104, and first impact portion 104, first connecting portion 101 are concentric with cup body 103, and cup body 103's blind end outer peripheral face is first sliding part 102, and cup body 103's bottom center sets up slide hole 107.

Specifically, the specific structure of the first connection portion 101, the connection structure and the sealing manner of the first connection end 401 are related to the structural form of the first connection end 401, and when the first connection end 401 is a bolted flange structure, the first connection portion 101 is also a bolted flange structure and is connected to the first connection end 401 by a fastener and a sealing ring, as shown in fig. 5 and 7.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5 and fig. 8 to 9, the piston member 2 has the following structure: the piston disc 201 is arranged at one end of the rod-shaped body 203, the outer peripheral surface of the piston disc 201 is in sealing and sliding fit with the inner wall surface of the cup-shaped body 103, the outer peripheral surface of the other end of the rod-shaped body 203 is provided with a second sliding part 202, and the second sliding part 202 is in sealing and sliding fit with the sliding hole 107.

Specifically, the structure in which the outer peripheral surface of the piston disc 201 is sealed and slidably fitted to the inner wall surface of the cup-shaped body 103 can be realized by providing a seal groove on the outer peripheral surface of the piston disc 201 and simultaneously installing a seal ring in the seal groove; the second sliding portion 202 is configured to be sealed and slidably engaged with the sliding hole 107, and may be configured by providing a sealing groove in the sliding hole 107 and simultaneously installing a seal ring in the sealing groove, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5 and 10 to 11, the mounting plate 3 has the following structure: the plate-shaped sliding part comprises a plate-shaped body 303, wherein a sealing groove 302 with an upward opening is formed in the middle of the plate-shaped body 303, the inner wall surface of the sealing groove 302 is in sealing and sliding fit with the first sliding part 102, a second connecting part 301 is arranged on the plate-shaped body 303 at the periphery of the sealing groove 302, the second connecting part 301 is used for being in sealing connection with a second connecting end 402, a fixing hole 304 is formed in the bottom of the sealing groove 302, the end part of the second sliding part 202 is detachably and fixedly connected with the fixing hole 304, and a second impact part 306 is arranged at the periphery of the plate-shaped body 303.

Specifically, the structure in which the inner wall surface of the seal groove 302 is in a sealing and sliding fit with the first sliding portion 102 may be realized by a structure in which a seal groove is provided in the inner wall surface of the seal groove 302 and a seal ring is mounted in the seal groove; the sealing connection structure between the second connection portion 301 and the second connection end 402 is related to the structural form of the second connection end 402, when the second connection end 402 is in a bolted flange structure, the second connection portion 301 is also in a bolted flange structure and is connected with the second connection end 402 through a fastener and a sealing ring, as shown in fig. 5 and 10; a certain gap is formed between the inner wall of the elastic tube 403 and the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped body 103; the specific structure of the detachable fixed connection between the fixing hole 304 and the end of the second sliding part 202 can be various, the fixing hole 304 and the end of the second sliding part 202 can be directly connected in a threaded manner, for installation convenience, a threaded hole can be formed in the end of the second sliding part 202, a stepped hole structure is formed in the fixing hole 304, the installation depth of the second sliding part 202 in the fixing hole 304 is limited by matching the stepped hole structure with the outer periphery of the end of the second sliding part 202, the end of the second sliding part 202 passes through the fixing hole 304 and is fixed by a fastener, as shown in fig. 5, for this case, a supporting ring 7 is required to be arranged below the plate-shaped body 303 for avoiding a fastening nut (fig. 13) during an axial compression impact test, and of course, the structure for avoiding the fastening nut can also be directly arranged on the plate-shaped body 303; the number of the second impact portions 306 arranged on the periphery of the plate-shaped body 303 is plural, and the second impact portions are uniformly distributed around the axis of the elastic adapter 4.

As shown in fig. 5, when the first connecting portion 101 is connected with the first connecting end 401 in a sealing manner and the second connecting portion 301 is connected with the second connecting end 402 in a sealing manner, the elastic tube 403 is located outside the cup-shaped body 103, an outer cavity a is formed between the outside of the cup-shaped body 103 and the elastic tube 403, and the specific outer cavity a is formed by enclosing the cylinder 1, the mounting disc 3 and the elastic connection tube 4; since the piston disc 201 and the second sliding part 202 on the piston member 2 are respectively in sealing fit with the cup-shaped body 103, an inner cavity B is formed between the interior of the cup-shaped body 103 and the piston member 2; since the first sliding portion 102 is slidable with respect to the inner wall surface of the seal groove 302, the volume of the outer chamber a is variable when the elastic adapter 4 expands and contracts, and since the piston member 2 is slidable with respect to the cup-shaped body 103, the volume of the inner chamber B is variable; when the first connection end 401 and the second connection end 402 are both flange structures, the second connection portion 301 is a sealing surface structure that mates with the second connection end 402, as shown in fig. 10.

The specific construction and arrangement of the sealing connection mentioned above is dependent on the design pressure in the outer chamber a or the inner chamber B.

Also included are a first pressurizing port 105 through which the outer chamber a is filled with a first pressurizing medium and a second pressurizing port 205 through which the inner chamber B is filled with a second pressurizing medium.

Specifically, the first pressurizing port 105 and the second pressurizing port 205 are provided at positions that can communicate with the outer chamber a and the inner chamber B, respectively, and can simultaneously realize other functions of the device; the first pressurizing medium and the second pressurizing medium in gas state, such as compressed air, are generally adopted, so that the gas is convenient for pressurizing operation, and because the gas is compressible, the rated maximum deformation of the elastic connecting pipe 4 can be conveniently introduced into test condition control in an impact test room, the limit working condition of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is used as test condition for quantitatively evaluating the quality and the mechanical property of the elastic connecting pipe 4, the rated maximum deformation is used as one quantized parameter of the impact characteristic parameter of the elastic connecting pipe 4, namely, the elastic connecting pipe 4 is not damaged when the length of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is changed into the rated maximum deformation in the impact test, and the rated maximum deformation is used as a judging standard meeting the requirement of the elasticity connecting pipe and a termination condition of the mechanical property test; the pressure of the outer cavity A and the pressure of the inner cavity B are adjusted by filling the pressurizing medium, so that the outer cavity A is equal to the rated working pressure born by the elastic connecting pipe 4, and the pressure of the inner cavity B is adjusted to enable the elastic connecting pipe 4 to be kept in a rated working length state and used as an initial state before the elastic connecting pipe 4 performs an axial compression/tension impact test.

Through the sliding and sealing fit structure of the cylinder body 1 and the piston piece 2 arranged on the mounting disc 3, when the elastic connecting tube 4 is arranged on the device, the deformation of the elastic connecting tube 4 is limited to the axial expansion deformation, so that the impact load is effectively transferred to the elastic connecting tube 4; when the elastic connecting pipe 4 is installed on the device, the cylinder body 1, the installation disc 3 and the elastic connecting pipe 4 are enclosed to form an outer cavity A, an inner cavity B is formed between the cylinder body 1 and the piston piece 2, and the initial state before the test of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is adjusted by filling pressurizing medium into the outer cavity A and the inner cavity B, so that the corrugated pipe can basically maintain the rated axial mechanical state when receiving axial impact load, and the elastic connecting pipe 4 can accurately develop the axial compression/tension impact test under the rated working pressure and the rated working length.

When the elastic adapter 4 is subjected to an axial compression impact test, a hammer method is taken as an example, as shown in fig. 12 and 13:

placing the pressure balance device with the elastic connecting pipe 4 on the test collision basis, and enabling the pressure balance device to be positioned under the impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, so that the impact hammer is opposite to the first impact part 104;

when the impact hammer impacts the first impact portion 104, the elastic adapter 4 is compressed.

The impact head 6 may be mounted on the first impact portion 104, and the impact hammer may impact the center of the impact head 6.

When the elastic connecting pipe 4 is compressed, the maximum distance of downward movement of the cylinder body 1 is the rated maximum deformation, and the stroke of the cylinder body 1 can be limited through a limiting structure. The limiting structure can be a limiting column arranged on the basis of the external test collision of the pressure balancing device, and limiting is carried out through the height difference between the upper end of the limiting column and the impact head 6.

When the elastic adapter 4 is subjected to an axial tensile impact test, a hammer method is taken as an example, as shown in fig. 14:

placing a support 5 on a test collision foundation and below an impact hammer of a mechanical property testing machine, connecting a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe 4 with the support 5 to enable the pressure balancing device to be in a suspended state, wherein the connection part of the support 5 and the pressure balancing device is a first impact part 104; the structure of the specific bracket 5 is as follows: the elastic connection pipe comprises a horizontal installation plate 501, wherein the lower surface of the horizontal installation plate 501 is connected with a first impact part 104, a column 502 is installed on the periphery of the horizontal installation plate 501, and the column 502 is positioned outside the pressure balancing device when an axial tensile impact test is carried out on the elastic connection pipe 4, as shown in fig. 14.

The impact post 8 is mounted on the second impact portion 306, and the impact post 8 has a structure that: the impact plate 801 is positioned above the horizontal mounting plate 501, and the impact plate 801 corresponds to an impact hammer as shown in fig. 15.

The elastic adapter 4 is stretched when the impact hammer hits the impact plate 801.

When the elastic connecting pipe 4 is stretched, the maximum distance of downward movement of the mounting plate 3 is the rated maximum deformation, and the stroke of the mounting plate 3 can be limited by the limiting structure. The limiting structure can be the upper surface of the test crash foundation and is realized by combining the limiting pressure balancing device of the bracket 5 to the suspended height.

The mechanical property testing machine (including the impact hammer and the test crash base at the lower part of the mechanical property testing machine) used in the axial compression/tension impact test is a device for testing mechanical properties conventionally, and when the elastic connection tube 4 is subjected to the impact test by adopting the pressure balancing device, the impact head 6, the bracket 5 and the impact column 8 can be combined for operation. The impact test can also be carried out by adopting a drop method, and the deformation principle and the limit principle of the elastic connecting tube 4 in the test process are the same as those of the hammering method.

The specific dimensions and strength design of the cylinder 1, the piston member 2 and the mounting plate 3 are designed correspondingly according to the elastic connection pipe 4 tested in actual need.

The pressure balancing device has universality, under the condition that the elastic connecting pipe 4 is not dismounted, the experimental conditions of the axial compression/tension impact test can be switched by only changing the acting part of the impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine and the pressure balancing device and changing the mode that the pressure balancing device is placed on the basis of the test collision, so that the impact test steps of the elastic connecting pipe 4 are simplified, and the test efficiency is improved.

Embodiment two:

the present embodiment is further designed optimally on the basis of the first embodiment.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the first pressurizing medium includes a gas and a liquid, the first connecting portion 101 is provided with a first pressurizing port 105, and the gas is filled into the outer chamber a from the first pressurizing port 105;

the first connection portion 101 is further provided with a first liquid injection port 106, the first liquid injection port 106 is communicated with the outer cavity a, and the first liquid injection port 106 is used for injecting liquid into the outer cavity a.

Through setting up two interfaces and be used for injecting gas and liquid respectively on first connecting portion 101, because the compressibility of liquid is not good, through the partial space of liquid packing, reduce the volume of gas to reduce the energy that gas compression reserved, when not reaching the elastic connection 4 rated operating pressure before damage or impact test in-process damage when pressurizing, can reduce the release of energy, guarantee the security in the test process.

Further, how the volumes of gas and liquid in the outer chamber a are set is further designed.

The height of the gas in the outer cavity A is h when the elastic connecting pipe 4 is in the initial state ₀ As shown in fig. 16.

In the formula (1):

Δh: the rated maximum deformation of the elastic connecting pipe 4 (compression positive and tension negative);

delta: during the test, the allowable pressure change percentage (positive compression and negative tension) in the outer cavity A is delta, so that the pressure change amplitude in the outer cavity A caused by the deformation of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is small enough, the degree of deviating the pressure of the outer cavity A of the elastic connecting pipe 4 from the rated working pressure is small enough, and the influence of the pressure change on the measurement result of the impact characteristic parameter is negligible. In the actual test process, the elastic connection pipe 4 with the rated working pressure of 4.5MPa is recommended to take + -5%;

m: the polytropic index, which is related to the flow rate of the gas, approaches the adiabatic process m=1.4 at fast flow.

The specific derivation of formula (1) is as follows, and is described in conjunction with fig. 16:

the limit working condition in the test is that when the length change value of the elastic connecting pipe 4 in the impact test is the rated maximum deformation delta h, the delta h values of the elastic connecting pipes 4 with different specifications are different;

when the elastic connection pipe 4 is in an initial state, as shown in fig. 5, the outer cavity A consists of an air cavity A1 and a liquid cavity A2, wherein the volume of the air cavity A1 is V ₀ The pressure of the air cavity A1 is the rated working pressure p of the elastic connecting pipe 4 ₀ The height of the air cavity A1 is h ₀ 。

When the elastic connecting pipe 4 is in a limiting working condition, the volume of the air cavity A1 is V, the pressure of the air cavity A1 after the elastic connecting pipe 4 is impacted is p, the height of the air cavity A1 is h, and the height of the liquid cavity A2 is unchanged.

Then: pV (pV) ^m ＝p ₀ V ₀ ^m (1.1)

h＝h ₀ -Δh (1.2)

Further, when the average cross-sectional area (annular shape) of the outer chamber a is S:

V＝Sh (1.3)

V ₀ ＝Sh ₀ (1.4)

and:

substituting (1.2) - (1.5) into (1.1) to obtain:

(1+δ)·p ₀ (S·(h ₀ -Δh)) ^m ＝p ₀ (Sh ₀ ) ^m (1.6)

solving for h ₀ Obtaining:namely, the formula (1).

On the basis of the rated maximum deformation amount, the pressure change of the whole outer cavity A is limited, the height of the air cavity A1 in the initial state is obtained, the test condition is more accurately limited, the state which is more similar to the working pressure of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is simulated in the test process, and the result of the impact test is more accurate.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5 and fig. 8 to 7, the second pressurizing medium includes a gas and a liquid, the piston disc 201 is provided with a second pressurizing port 205, and the gas is filled into the inner cavity B from the second pressurizing port 205;

the piston disc 201 is further provided with a second liquid injection port 206, the second liquid injection port 206 is communicated with the inner cavity B, and the second liquid injection port 206 is used for injecting liquid into the inner cavity B.

By providing two interfaces on the piston disc 201 for injecting gas and liquid respectively, due to the poor compressibility of the liquid, the volume of the gas is reduced by filling a part of the space with liquid, so that the operation process of pressurizing by using gas is more convenient, and the pressure change is converted into the relative displacement of the cylinder 1, the piston member 2 and the mounting disc 3 to be more sensitive.

As shown in fig. 5, 11 and 12, the bottom of the sealing groove 302 is further provided with a through hole 305. The through hole 305 is used for exhausting and overhauling, and can be timely found when the inner cavity B leaks.

In order to avoid arranging a limiting structure outside the pressure balancing device during impact test and limiting the maximum deformation of the elastic connecting pipe 4, the operation of the test process is simplified, and the limiting structure is arranged on the main structure of the pressure balancing device and used for controlling the maximum deformation of the elastic connecting pipe 4 to be the rated maximum deformation in the test process.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the bottom lower surface of the cup-shaped body 103 is engaged with the bottom of the seal groove 302, and a stopper 204 is provided on the rod-shaped body 203 between the piston disc 201 and the second sliding portion 202, and the stopper 204 is engaged with the bottom of the cup-shaped body 103.

Specifically:

when the axial compression impact test is performed and the compression degree of the elastic connection tube 4 is the rated maximum deformation, the limiting part 204 contacts with the bottom of the cup-shaped body 103, so as to limit the impact force to compress the elastic connection tube 4 to a greater degree.

When the axial tensile impact test is performed, the elastic adapter 4 is stretched to a rated maximum deformation, and when the bottom lower surface of the cup-shaped body 103 is in contact with the bottom of the seal groove 302, the impact force is limited to stretch the elastic adapter 4 to a greater extent.

Through the bottom lower surface of cup body 103 and the bottom cooperation of seal groove 302, limit part 204 and the bottom complex structure of cup body 103, realize pressure balance device self's structure and regard as limit structure, limit the maximum deflection of elasticity takeover 4 in the axial compression/tensile impact test process, simplify the auxiliary fixtures quantity except that pressure balance device that uses in the test process.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the stopper 204 has a stepped structure, and the outer diameter of the rod-shaped body 203 between the stopper 204 and the piston disc 201 is larger than the outer diameter of the second sliding portion 202. The limiting structure is simple and convenient to process and assemble.

Embodiment III:

as shown in fig. 5 and 12-15, the method for performing the impact test of the elastic connection tube based on the structure of the pressure balancing device in the first embodiment includes the following steps:

s1: the elastic connecting pipe 4 is assembled with the pressure balancing device, a first pressurizing medium is filled into the outer cavity A through the first pressurizing port 105, a second pressurizing medium is filled into the inner cavity B through the second pressurizing port 205, the pressure in the outer cavity A is the rated working pressure of the elastic connecting pipe 4, the rated working length of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is kept through adjusting the pressure of the inner cavity B, and the adjusted elastic connecting pipe 4 is in an initial state.

And S1, after the step S1 is finished, performing an axial compression impact test on the elastic connecting pipe 4, wherein the steps are as follows:

s12: assembling a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe 4 with a mechanical property testing machine, and enabling the pressure balancing device to be positioned under an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, wherein the axis of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is coincident with the axis of the impact hammer;

in the step S12, the limiting structure may be used to limit the maximum compression amount of the elastic connection tube 4, and the limiting structure may be a limiting tool set outside the pressure balancing device or may be an internal structure of the pressure balancing device;

s13: the impact hammer is lowered to axially compress the elastic connecting pipe 4, the first connecting end 401 and the cylinder body 1 slide towards the direction of the mounting disc 3, the elastic connecting pipe 4 is compressed, and the compression amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount;

in step S13, the compression amount of the elastic connection tube 4 is determined according to the specific test condition:

when an axial compression impact strength test is performed, the elastic connection tube 4 needs to be compressed to a rated maximum deformation amount;

when an axial compression impact stiffness test is carried out, multiple impacts are required to be carried out, so that the deformation of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is gradually increased, and the maximum deformation does not exceed the rated maximum deformation;

after the step S1 is completed, the elastic connecting pipe 4 is subjected to axial tensile impact test as follows:

S22: assembling a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe 4 with a mechanical property testing machine, and enabling the pressure balancing device to be positioned under an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, wherein the axis of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is coincident with the axis of the impact hammer;

in the step S22, the limiting structure may be used to limit the maximum stretching amount of the elastic connection tube 4, and the limiting structure may be a limiting tool set outside the pressure balancing device or an internal structure of the pressure balancing device;

s23: lowering the impact hammer causes the elastic adapter 4 to be pulled axially,

the first connecting end 401 and the cylinder body 1 slide towards the direction far away from the mounting plate 3, the elastic connecting pipe 4 is stretched, and the stretching amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount;

in step S23, the stretching amount of the elastic connection tube 4 is determined according to the specific test condition:

when an axial tensile impact strength test is performed, the elastic connection tube 4 needs to be stretched to a rated maximum deformation amount;

when the axial tensile impact rigidity test is performed, multiple impacts are required to be performed, so that the deformation amount of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is gradually increased, and the maximum deformation amount does not exceed the rated maximum deformation amount.

In the elastic connection pipe impact test method, the pressure balancing device can basically maintain the rated axial mechanical state when the corrugated pipe is subjected to the axial impact load under the condition that the elastic connection pipe 4 is ensured to be under the rated working pressure and the rated working length, so that the elastic connection pipe 4 can accurately perform the axial compression/tension impact test under the rated working pressure and the rated working length. Under the condition that the elastic connecting pipe 4 is not dismounted, the experimental conditions of the axial compression/tension impact test can be switched by only changing the acting part of the impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine and the pressure balancing device and changing the mode that the pressure balancing device is placed on the basis of the test collision, so that the impact test steps of the elastic connecting pipe 4 are simplified, and the test efficiency is improved.

Embodiment four:

as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 12-16, the method of the spring-grip impact test according to the third embodiment is further optimized:

s1, in the step of: the first pressurizing medium filled in the outer cavity A comprises gas and liquid, and the gas height in the outer cavity A is h when the elastic connecting pipe 4 is in the initial state ₀ ：

In the formula (1):

delta: in the test, the allowable pressure change percentage (positive compression and negative tension) in the outer cavity A is measured;

m: polytropic index.

The formula (1) is the same as in the second embodiment.

On the basis of the rated maximum deformation amount, which determines the test condition, the pressure change of the whole outer cavity A is accurately limited, the height of the air cavity A1 in the initial state is obtained, the test condition is more accurately limited, the state which is more similar to the working pressure of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is simulated in the test process, and the result of the impact test is more accurate.

Fifth embodiment:

as shown in fig. 5 and 12 to 15, the method of the third embodiment, which is based on the method of the impact test of the resilient connecting pipe, further refines the method of the hammering method, comprises the following steps:

s12: placing the pressure balance device provided with the elastic connecting pipe 4 on the test collision basis of the mechanical property testing machine, enabling the first impact part 104 to face towards the impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, and simultaneously installing the impact head 6 on the first impact part 104, wherein the impact head 6 is of a conical disc-shaped structure, so that the middle part of the impact head 6 is hammered when the impact hammer descends; meanwhile, the pressure balancing device is positioned under the impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, and the axis of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is overlapped with the axis of the impact hammer;

in the step S12, the maximum distance of downward movement of the cylinder body 1 may be limited, and the limiting structure may be a limiting tool disposed outside the pressure balancing device or may be an internal structure of the pressure balancing device; when the limiting structure is a limiting tool arranged outside the pressure balancing device, the limiting structure can be a limiting column arranged on the basis of the external test collision of the pressure balancing device, and limiting is performed through the height difference between the upper end of the limiting column and the impact head 6;

s13: the impact hammer is lowered to hammer the impact head 6, the positions of the second connecting end 402, the piston piece 2 and the mounting disc 3 are unchanged, the elastic connecting pipe 4 is axially pressed, the first connecting end 401 and the cylinder body 1 slide towards the mounting disc 3, the elastic connecting pipe 4 is compressed, and the compression amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount;

S13, in the step of: the impact hammer descends to hammer the impact head 6, and the impact position of the impact hammer is changed into a point, so that the impact force received by the elastic connecting pipe 4 is more uniform.

s22: placing a plurality of upright posts 502 of a bracket 5 on a test collision basis, and connecting the lower surface of a horizontal mounting plate 501 connected with the plurality of upright posts 502 simultaneously with the first impact part 104 to enable the pressure balance device to be in a suspended state; connecting a plurality of posts 802 of the impact post 8 with the second impact part 306, so that an impact plate 801 connected with the plurality of posts 802 at the same time is positioned above the horizontal mounting plate 501, and the impact plate 801 corresponds to the impact hammer; meanwhile, the pressure balancing device is positioned under the impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, and the axis of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is overlapped with the axis of the impact hammer;

in the step S22, the maximum distance of downward movement of the mounting plate 3 may be limited, and the limiting structure may be a limiting structure disposed outside the pressure balancing device, and may be implemented by limiting the suspended height of the pressure balancing device by combining the upper surface of the test collision foundation with the support 5; the limiting structure can also be an internal structure of the pressure balancing device;

S23: the impact hammer is lowered to hammer the impact plate 801, so that the elastic connecting pipe 4 is axially pulled, the positions of the first connecting end 401 and the cylinder body 1 are unchanged, the first connecting end 401 and the cylinder body 1 slide towards the direction away from the mounting plate 3, and the elastic connecting pipe 4 is stretched, wherein the stretching amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount.

Example six:

as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 12 to fig. 15, the method of adopting the drop method is further refined on the basis of the method of the impact test of the elastic connection pipe of the third embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps:

s12: assembling a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe 4 with a mechanical property testing machine, and enabling the pressure balancing device to be positioned under an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, wherein the axis of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is coincident with the axis of the impact hammer; s12, in the step of: connecting a second impact part 306 of a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe 4 with the lower surface of an impact hammer of a mechanical property testing machine, wherein the pressure balancing device is in a suspended state, a first impact part 104 is opposite to a test collision foundation of the mechanical property testing machine, and meanwhile, an impact head 6 is arranged on the first impact part 104, and the impact head 6 is of a conical disc-shaped structure, so that the middle part of the impact head 6 is contacted with the test collision foundation when the impact hammer descends;

In the step S12, the maximum distance of upward movement of the cylinder body 1 may be limited, and the limiting structure may be a limiting tool disposed outside the pressure balancing device or may be an internal structure of the pressure balancing device; when the limiting structure is a limiting tool arranged outside the pressure balancing device, the limiting structure can be a limiting column arranged on the impact hammer, and limiting is performed through the height difference between the lower end of the limiting column and the impact head 6;

s13: when the impact hammer descends, the pressure balancing device falls from a designated height, the first impact part 104 is contacted and extruded with the test collision foundation, so that the elastic connecting pipe 4 is axially pressed, and the positions of the second connecting end 402, the piston piece 2 and the mounting disc 3 relative to the impact hammer are unchanged; the first connecting end 401 and the cylinder body 1 slide towards the direction of the mounting plate 3, the elastic connecting pipe 4 is compressed, and the compression amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount;

s22: a plurality of upright posts 502 of a bracket 5 are arranged on the lower surface of an impact hammer, a horizontal mounting plate 501 which is simultaneously connected with the plurality of upright posts 502 is connected with a first impact part 104, so that the pressure balancing device is in a suspended state, and the first impact part 104 faces to a test collision foundation; placing the impact post 8 on the test impact foundation while the plurality of posts 802 of the impact post 8 are in correspondence with the second impact portion 306, and causing the impact hammer to descend the plurality of posts 802 into contact with the second impact portion 306; simultaneously, the pressure balancing device is positioned under the impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, and the axis of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is overlapped with the axis of the impact hammer;

In step S22, the maximum distance that the mounting plate 3 moves upwards can be limited, the limiting structure can be a limiting structure arranged outside the pressure balancing device, the limiting function can be realized by the distance between the end of the pillar 802 and the upper surface of the test crash base, and when the horizontal mounting plate 501 abuts against the test crash base or abuts against the impact plate 801 connected with the pillars 802 at the same time, the stretching amount of the elastic connection pipe 4 is maximum;

s23: when the impact hammer descends, the pressure balancing device falls from a designated height, the second impact part 306 is in contact with the post 802 to be extruded, so that the elastic connecting pipe 4 is axially pulled, the positions of the first connecting end 401 and the cylinder body 1 relative to the impact hammer are unchanged, the first connecting end 401 and the cylinder body 1 slide towards the direction away from the mounting plate 3, the elastic connecting pipe 4 is pulled, and the pulling amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount.

In the fifth embodiment and the sixth embodiment, by adopting the external tooling structures such as the impact head 6, the bracket 5, the impact column 8 and the like, the axial compression/tension impact test can be performed by adopting a hammering method and a falling method after the elastic connecting pipe 4 is arranged on the pressure balancing device, so that the operation is convenient, the elastic connecting pipe 4 is uniformly accepted, and the maximum deformation of the elastic connecting pipe 4 is also convenient to control.

The above description is intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit it, the scope of which is defined by the claims, and any modifications can be made within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An elastic connecting pipe pressure balancing device, an elastic connecting pipe (4) comprises an elastic pipe fitting (403), one end of the elastic pipe fitting (403) is a first connecting end (401), the other end of the elastic pipe fitting (403) is a second connecting end (402),

the method is characterized in that: comprises a cylinder body (1), a piston piece (2) and a mounting disc (3);

the cylinder body (1) has the structure that: the novel anti-collision device comprises a cup-shaped body (103), wherein a first connecting part (101) with an annular structure is arranged at the opening end of the cup-shaped body (103), the first connecting part (101) is used for being connected with the first connecting end (401) in a sealing mode, a first impact part (104) with an annular structure is arranged above the middle of the first connecting part (101), the first impact part (104), the first connecting part (101) and the cup-shaped body (103) are concentric, a first sliding part (102) is arranged on the peripheral surface of the closed end of the cup-shaped body (103), and a sliding hole (107) is formed in the center of the bottom of the cup-shaped body (103);

the piston member (2) has the structure that: the sliding device comprises a rod-shaped body (203), wherein a piston disc (201) is arranged at one end of the rod-shaped body (203), the outer peripheral surface of the piston disc (201) is in sealing and sliding fit with the inner wall surface of the cup-shaped body (103), the outer peripheral surface of the other end of the rod-shaped body (203) is provided with a second sliding part (202), and the second sliding part (202) is in sealing and sliding fit with the sliding hole (107);

The structure of the mounting plate (3) is as follows: the novel sealing structure comprises a plate-shaped body (303), wherein a sealing groove (302) with an upward opening is formed in the middle of the plate-shaped body (303), the inner wall surface of the sealing groove (302) is in sealing and sliding fit with a first sliding part (102), a second connecting part (301) is arranged on the plate-shaped body (303) at the periphery of the sealing groove (302), the second connecting part (301) is used for being in sealing connection with a second connecting end (402), a fixing hole (304) is formed in the bottom of the sealing groove (302), the end part of the second sliding part (202) is detachably and fixedly connected with the fixing hole (304), and a second impact part (306) is arranged at the periphery of the plate-shaped body (303);

when the first connecting part (101) is in sealing connection with the first connecting end (401) and the second connecting part (301) is in sealing connection with the second connecting end (402), the elastic pipe fitting (403) is positioned outside the cup-shaped body (103), an outer cavity (A) is formed between the outside of the cup-shaped body (103) and the elastic pipe fitting (403), and an inner cavity (B) is formed between the inside of the cup-shaped body (103) and the piston piece (2);

the device also comprises a first pressurizing port (105) and a second pressurizing port (205), wherein the outer cavity (A) is filled with a first pressurizing medium through the first pressurizing port (105), and the inner cavity (B) is filled with a second pressurizing medium through the second pressurizing port (205).

2. A resilient take-over pressure equalizing apparatus as in claim 1, wherein: the first pressurizing medium comprises gas and liquid, the first pressurizing port (105) is arranged on the first connecting part (101), and the gas is filled into the outer cavity (A) from the first pressurizing port (105);

the first connecting part (101) is further provided with a first liquid injection port (106), the first liquid injection port (106) is communicated with the outer cavity (A), and the first liquid injection port (106) is used for injecting liquid into the outer cavity (A).

3. A resilient take-over pressure equalizing apparatus as in claim 2, wherein:

when the elastic connecting pipe (4) is in an initial state, the gas height in the outer cavity (A) is h ₀ ：

In the formula (1):

Δh: the rated maximum deformation (compression positive and tension negative) of the elastic connecting pipe (4);

delta: during the test, the allowable pressure change percentage (compression positive and tension negative) in the outer cavity (A); m: polytropic index.

4. A resilient take-over pressure equalizing device as in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the second pressurizing medium comprises gas and liquid, the piston disc (201) is provided with the second pressurizing port (205), and the gas is filled into the inner cavity (B) from the second pressurizing port (205);

The piston disc (201) is further provided with a second liquid injection port (206), the second liquid injection port (206) is communicated with the inner cavity (B), and the second liquid injection port (206) is used for injecting liquid into the inner cavity (B).

5. The resilient take-over pressure equalizing apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein: the bottom of the sealing groove (302) is also provided with a through hole (305).

6. A resilient take-over pressure equalizing apparatus as in claim 1, wherein: the bottom lower surface of the cup-shaped body (103) is matched with the bottom of the sealing groove (302), a limiting part (204) is arranged on the rod-shaped body (203) between the piston disc (201) and the second sliding part (202), and the limiting part (204) is matched with the bottom of the cup-shaped body (103).

7. A method of spring nipple impact testing using the spring nipple pressure balancing apparatus of claim 1, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: the elastic connecting pipe (4) is assembled with the pressure balancing device, a first pressurizing medium is filled into the outer cavity (A) through the first pressurizing port (105), a second pressurizing medium is filled into the inner cavity (B) through the second pressurizing port (205), the pressure in the outer cavity (A) is the rated working pressure of the elastic connecting pipe (4), the pressure in the inner cavity (B) is adjusted to enable the elastic connecting pipe (4) to keep the rated working length, and the adjusted elastic connecting pipe (4) is in an initial state;

And S1, after the step S1 is finished, performing an axial compression impact test on the elastic connecting pipe (4), wherein the steps are as follows:

s12: assembling a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe (4) with a mechanical property testing machine, and enabling the pressure balancing device to be positioned right below an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, wherein the axis of the elastic connecting pipe (4) is overlapped with the axis of the impact hammer;

s13: the impact hammer is lowered to axially compress the elastic connecting pipe (4),

the first connecting end (401) and the cylinder body (1) slide towards the direction of the mounting disc (3), the elastic connecting pipe (4) is compressed, and the compression amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount;

after the step S1 is completed, the elastic connecting pipe (4) is subjected to axial tensile impact test as follows:

s22: assembling a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe (4) with a mechanical property testing machine, and enabling the pressure balancing device to be positioned right below an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, wherein the axis of the elastic connecting pipe (4) is overlapped with the axis of the impact hammer;

s23: the impact hammer is lowered to axially pull the elastic connecting pipe (4),

the first connecting end (401) and the cylinder body (1) slide towards the direction far away from the mounting disc (3), the elastic connecting tube (4) is stretched, and the stretching amount is smaller than or equal to the rated maximum deformation amount.

8. The method of spring-loaded nipple impact testing of claim 7, wherein:

S1, in the step of: the first pressurizing medium filled in the outer cavity (A) comprises gas and liquid, and when the elastic connecting pipe (4) is in an initial state, the gas height in the outer cavity (A) is h ₀ ：

In the formula (1):

9. The method of spring-loaded nipple impact testing of claim 7, wherein:

when the hammering method is adopted, the following steps are adopted:

s12, in the step of: placing a pressure balance device provided with an elastic connecting pipe (4) on the test collision basis of a mechanical property testing machine, enabling a first impact part (104) to face an impact hammer of the mechanical property testing machine, and simultaneously installing an impact head (6) on the first impact part (104), wherein the impact head (6) is of a conical disc-shaped structure, so that the middle part of the impact head (6) is hammered when the impact hammer descends;

s13, in the step of: descending the impact hammer to hammer the impact head (6), wherein the positions of the second connecting end (402), the piston piece (2) and the mounting disc (3) are unchanged;

in the step S22: placing a plurality of upright posts (502) of a bracket (5) on a test collision basis, and connecting the lower surface of a horizontal mounting plate (501) connected with the plurality of upright posts (502) simultaneously with a first impact part (104) to enable a pressure balancing device to be in a suspended state; connecting a plurality of columns (802) of the impact column (8) with the second impact part (306), and enabling an impact plate (801) connected with the plurality of columns (802) at the same time to be positioned above the horizontal mounting plate (501), wherein the impact plate (801) corresponds to the impact hammer; in step S23: the impact hammer is lowered to hammer the impact plate (801), so that the elastic connecting pipe (4) is axially pulled, and the positions of the first connecting end (401) and the cylinder body (1) are unchanged.

10. The method of spring-loaded nipple impact testing of claim 7, wherein:

when adopting the falling method:

s12, in the step of: a second impact part (306) of a pressure balancing device provided with an elastic connecting pipe (4) is connected with the lower surface of an impact hammer of a mechanical property testing machine, the pressure balancing device is in a suspension state, a first impact part (104) is opposite to a test collision foundation of the mechanical property testing machine, meanwhile, an impact head (6) is arranged on the first impact part (104), and the impact head (6) is of a conical disc-shaped structure, so that the middle part of the impact head (6) is contacted with the test collision foundation when the impact hammer descends;

s13, in the step of: when the impact hammer descends, the pressure balancing device falls from a designated height, the first impact part (104) is contacted and extruded with the test collision foundation, so that the elastic connecting pipe (4) is axially pressed, and the positions of the second connecting end (402), the piston piece (2) and the mounting disc (3) are unchanged relative to the impact hammer;

in the step S22: a plurality of upright posts (502) of a bracket (5) are arranged on the lower surface of an impact hammer, a horizontal mounting plate (501) which is simultaneously connected with the plurality of upright posts (502) is connected with a first impact part (104), so that the pressure balancing device is in a suspended state, and the first impact part (104) faces a test collision foundation; placing the impact column (8) on a test collision basis, simultaneously enabling a plurality of columns (802) of the impact column (8) to correspond to the second impact part (306), and enabling the impact hammer to descend the plurality of columns (802) to be in contact with the second impact part (306);

In step S23: when the impact hammer descends, the pressure balancing device falls from a designated height, the second impact part (306) is in contact with the pillar (802) to be extruded, the elastic connecting pipe (4) is axially pulled, and the positions of the first connecting end (401) and the cylinder body (1) relative to the impact hammer are unchanged.