CN116574546A - Preparation method of cow dung biomass fuel - Google Patents
Preparation method of cow dung biomass fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN116574546A CN116574546A CN202310514174.9A CN202310514174A CN116574546A CN 116574546 A CN116574546 A CN 116574546A CN 202310514174 A CN202310514174 A CN 202310514174A CN 116574546 A CN116574546 A CN 116574546A
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- Prior art keywords
- cow dung
- washing
- biomass fuel
- water
- kaolin
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001274216 Naso Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091006629 SLC13A2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000382 dechlorinating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/42—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on animal substances or products obtained therefrom, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/02—Absorbents, e.g. in the absence of an actual absorbent column or scavenger
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/32—Molding or moulds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
A preparation method of cow dung biomass fuel comprises the steps of mixing cow dung with water, stirring, washing with water, vacuum filtering, drying to obtain washed cow dung, and adding kaolin for mixing. According to the invention, after the cow dung is washed, most of chloride ions in the cow dung are eluted, and then kaolin is added, so that the obtained cow dung biomass fuel effectively reduces the corrosion weight gain in the combustion process, improves the performance of the biomass fuel, and has the bulk density of 662.5kg/m 3 Mechanical durabilityThe performance was 96.2%, and the low-grade heat generation amount was 15.8MJ/kg.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass fuel preparation, in particular to a preparation method of cow dung biomass fuel.
Background
Along with the improvement of environmental protection consciousness in the current society, biomass fuel is used as a substitute of traditional fossil energy, so that the biomass fuel not only has higher environmental protection standard, but also has fewer wastes, and is safer, more economical and environment-friendly. It is not only a traditional clean energy source, but also an ideal choice for future green buildings.
Biomass direct-combustion power generation is one of the most dominant utilization modes of biomass energy. The method is similar to the traditional thermal power generation, biomass is used as fuel, heat is released by combustion in a biomass combustion boiler, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is generated by heating working media in a water cooling wall, and the generated steam enters a steam turbine to push the steam turbine to generate power. In recent years, with the development of related technologies and the guidance of policies in China, the installed amount of biomass direct-fired generators in China is gradually increased, and meanwhile, the rapid development of biomass direct-fired power generation technology is also facilitated. However, due to the restriction of various factors, biomass power generation technology is not yet applied on a large scale in China, and the reason is that biomass fuel is few in types in the present combustion power generation structure in China, and biomass energy only occupies about one tenth of new energy.
Research shows that the development of the biomass direct-combustion power generation technology at the present stage is mainly limited by ash and corrosion of the heated area of the boiler. Since biomass contains a large amount of chlorine elements and alkaline substances, especially crop straws and livestock manure, the chlorine elements and alkaline substances can appear in the form of ions in the combustion process, and relatively stable complexes are extremely easy to form, and the complexes enable sediments to be transported to a heating surface at a higher hearth temperature and adhere to the heating surface to form further sediments, so that the heating surface is stained, and ash deposition and corrosion reaction are caused. When alkali metal elements such as sodium, potassium and the like in crop straws and livestock manure are heated to a certain temperature, the alkali metal elements and chlorine elements are convertedChemically reacts to form gaseous NaCl, KCl and HCl, which upon contact with the heated surface undergo a series of chemical changes, thereby forming a new alkali metal salt. Studies have shown that alkali metal salts such as NaC1, KC1 and HCl are mainly present in the ash, but because of their low melting point, they cause slagging and corrosion once deposited on heated surfaces, and only small amounts of solution are discharged with the fumes. Except NaSO 4 、KSO 4 Alkali metal salts such as CaSO are also contained in the deposited ash 4 、MgSO 4 And alkaline earth metal salts, and eutectic melting points generated by the reaction of the salts are lower, so that the heating surface of biomass energy is more easily corroded. In conclusion, compared with traditional fuels such as coal, natural gas and the like, biomass energy has more serious corrosion effect on the heating surface of the combustion boiler.
In order to effectively prevent deposition corrosion, in the prior art, the crop straws are washed at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to effectively remove the content of potassium element and chlorine element, so that the risk of high-temperature corrosion is reduced. However, in the treatment of cow dung, the chlorine removal rate by water washing is low, and the removal effect is not ideal, so when cow dung is used as a biomass fuel raw material, how to reduce the chlorine content and inhibit the corrosion effect is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of cow dung biomass fuel. The chlorine-reducing corrosion effect on cow dung is greatly improved by combining water washing with additives.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the cow dung biomass fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps of: mixing cow dung with water, stirring, washing with water, vacuum filtering, drying to obtain washed cow dung, and mixing with kaolin.
Further, the washing is divided into two times of washing, after the first washing is finished, the washing liquid is collected, calcium oxide and sodium metaaluminate are added, stirring reaction is carried out for 1-2 hours at 25 ℃, suction filtration and centrifugation are carried out after the reaction is finished, the obtained solution can be circularly used for washing cow dung, and then the washing is carried out on the cow dung repeatedly.
Further, the calcium oxide, sodium metaaluminate and Cl in the water washing liquid - The molar ratio of (2) is 6:3:1.
Further, the mass volume ratio of the cow dung to the water is 1g: 8-10 mL, the temperature of each water washing is 28-35 ℃, and the time of each water washing is 30-45 min.
In the chlorine reduction process, the single water washing has poor dechlorination effect on cow dung, and is far lower than the water washing effect on straw. According to the invention, after the cow dung is washed, the kaolin is added, so that the precipitation of alkali metal chlorides such as potassium chloride on a heating surface can be effectively reduced, the corrosion of the heating surface is reduced, meanwhile, the deposited ash can be effectively reduced, and the ash melting point is improved, so that the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved. Meanwhile, the porosity of the fuel is adjusted by adding kaolin, and the stacking density and mechanical durability of the biomass fuel are effectively improved when the biomass fuel is prepared into particles.
Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the cow dung to the water is 1g:8mL, each washing temperature was 30 ℃, and each washing time was 33min.
Further, the added kaolin accounts for 3-5% of the mass of the cow dung after the water washing treatment.
Specifically, the preparation method of the cow dung biomass fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Cow dung and water are mixed according to the mass volume ratio of 1g: 8-10 mL, washing for 30-45 min at the temperature of 28-35 ℃, after washing, vacuum-filtering to collect washing liquid, adding calcium oxide and sodium metaaluminate, stirring at 25 ℃ for reaction for 1-2h, after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and centrifugation, and carrying out secondary washing on cow dung by the obtained solution;
(2) After the secondary water washing is finished, the cow dung is dried, kaolin with the mass of 3-5% of the cow dung is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the humidity is regulated to 8%, and the granules are supported by a biomass fuel forming machine.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the method comprises the steps of washing cow dung, and eluting most of chloridion in the cow dungThe kaolin is added, so that the obtained cow dung biomass fuel effectively reduces the corrosion weight gain in the combustion process, improves the performance of the biomass fuel, and has the bulk density of 662.5kg/m 3 The mechanical durability was 96.2%, and the low heat generation amount was 15.8MJ/kg.
Drawings
Fig. 1: and (3) the temperature, time, liquid-solid ratio and other conditions in the water washing process are single-factor experimental results.
Fig. 2: according to the invention, after the cow dung is washed by water, kaolin is added, and then a weight-gaining corrosion curve graph is obtained.
Fig. 3: in comparative example 1, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide are added respectively after washing, wherein (a) is calcium oxide, (b) is silicon dioxide, (c) is aluminum oxide, and (d) is the optimal addition amount comparison of each additive.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, which are necessary to be pointed out herein for further illustration of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention will be to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Example 1
The preparation method of the cow dung biomass fuel comprises the following steps:
(1) Cow dung and water are mixed according to the mass volume ratio of 1g:8mL of the mixture is mixed, water washing is carried out for 33min at the temperature of 30 ℃, after the water washing is finished, water washing liquid is collected through vacuum suction filtration, calcium oxide and sodium metaaluminate are added, stirring reaction is carried out for 2h at the temperature of 25 ℃, suction filtration and centrifugation are carried out after the reaction is finished, and the obtained solution is subjected to secondary water washing on cow dung;
(2) After the secondary water washing is finished, the cow dung is placed in an electrothermal constant-temperature blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours, kaolin accounting for 3% of the mass of the cow dung is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the humidity is adjusted to 8%, and the granules are supported by a biomass fuel forming machine.
Determination of chloride ion content in cow dung:
the determination of the chloride ion content of cow dung is carried out by referring to a Ai Shika mixture melting sample-potassium thiocyanate titration method in a national standard method for determining chlorine in coal (GB/T3558-2014), and test samples are all air-dried. Specifically, cow dung to be detected and Ai Shika mixture are mixed and added into a crucible, and the crucible is placed into a muffle furnace for melting, so that chlorine in a sample can be converted into chloride. The melted sample is leached with boiling water and an excess of silver nitrate solution is added to the acidic medium, titrated with potassium thiocyanate using ammonium iron sulfate as an indicator, and the chloride ion content of the coal is calculated from the consumption of the silver nitrate solution.
After the first water washing, the elution rate of Cl ions in the cow dung is 71.32%, and after the second water washing, the elution rate of Cl ions is increased to 75.48%, so that the reasonable recycling of water resources in the water washing process is achieved while the elution rate of Cl ions is increased.
Corrosion weight gain experiment:
(1) Placing 5g of sample into a crucible, placing the crucible with the sample into a muffle furnace for heating, and burning for 2h at 550 ℃ until the sample is completely ashed to obtain an ash sample;
(2) Taking out 15CrMoG metal samples with known surface areas and mass, uniformly smearing ash samples on the surfaces of the metal samples by using absolute ethyl alcohol, keeping the mass of the plastered samples of each metal sample piece consistent as much as possible, and putting the metal sample pieces into a constant-temperature drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 1h. And accurately measuring the quality of the dried ash-coated metal sample piece as initial quality, and placing the metal sample coated with the ash sample in a porcelain square boat for standby.
(3) And opening a tube furnace test bed, and placing the porcelain ark containing the metal sample into a corundum tube for experiment after the system is stable. The mixture ratio of the mixed gas introduced in the experiment is 14% O 2 、6％CO 2 And 80% N 2 The gas flow is 100mL/min, supersaturated NaOH solution is used for absorbing harmful substances in the tail gas treatment device, and the experimental temperature is stabilized at 550 ℃ by using a temperature control device.
(4) And weighing the metal sample every 5 hours, controlling the time of each weighing within 20 minutes as much as possible, continuously recording 7 times of weighing data, and drawing a weight-increasing corrosion curve according to the weight-increasing amount of the metal sample for subsequent data analysis.
As shown in FIG. 2, the corrosion weight gain curve of the cow dung fuel prepared in the embodiment shows that the corrosion weight gain of the cow dung fuel after water washing is 14.96mg/cm 2 Adding kaolin into the water-washed cow dung, and obviously reducing the corrosion weight gain to 5mg/cm along with the increase of the addition amount 2 In the following, when the kaolin amount exceeds 5%, the oxidation weight gain is not changed.
Comparative example 1:
calcium oxide, silica and alumina are used alone or in combination as dechlorinating agents to reduce the chlorine content of the biomass. Kaolin, calcium oxide, silica and alumina were thus used and added separately to cow dung without any treatment. The treated cow dung was then subjected to corrosion weight gain experiments, the results of which are shown in table 1.
Table 1: corrosion weighting treated with different additives in different amounts
As can be seen from the above table, after single kaolin is added into cow dung, the corrosion weight gain gradually decreases and the decreasing trend gradually increases along with the increase of the addition amount of the kaolin; the addition of calcium oxide causes obvious increase of corrosion weight gain, the addition amount of silicon dioxide is increased, the corrosion weight gain also shows a decreasing trend, after the silicon dioxide is increased to 5%, the oxidation weight gain shows an increasing trend along with the increase of the addition amount, the addition amount of aluminum oxide is increased, the corrosion weight gain is most obviously decreased, but the decrease amount of the corrosion weight gain is gradually decreased when the same amount of aluminum oxide is increased.
Comparative example 2
After the cow dung is subjected to the same water washing in the embodiment 1, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide are respectively added, and the cow dung after the water washing treatment is used as a control to test the corrosion weight gain condition of the cow dung after different treatments.
As shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that when the added amount of calcium oxide is 1%, the corrosion weight gain effect of the water-washed cow dung can be partially reduced, but when the added amount of calcium oxide is more than 1%, the corrosion effect is not reduced and increased with the increase of the added amount, because excessive calcium oxide reacts with HCl gas in the combustion process, the chlorine element content in ash is increased, and the corrosion is aggravated.
After the silicon dioxide is added into the water-washed cow dung, the corrosion reducing effect is better along with the increase of the addition amount, and when the addition amount exceeds 5%, the corrosion reducing effect is not obviously improved.
After the aluminum oxide is added into the cow dung after water washing, the inhibition effect on the corrosion weight gain is enhanced along with the increase of the addition amount of the aluminum oxide, but after the addition amount is increased to 5%, the inhibition effect on the corrosion weight gain is not obvious, and the cow dung tends to be stable.
The cow dung after water washing is respectively added with each additive according to the optimal addition amount, and the oxidation weight gain curve of the prepared cow dung is compared with the oxidation weight gain curve of the prepared cow dung, so that the corrosion reducing effect of the optimal addition amount of each chlorine reducing corrosion additive is 3 percent of kaolin approximately equal to 5 percent of aluminum oxide >5 percent of silicon dioxide >1 percent of calcium oxide. The corrosion reducing effect of 3% kaolin is slightly lower than that of 5% aluminum oxide, but from an economic point of view, the kaolin is low in price and low in dosage, and aluminum oxide is higher in price than aluminum oxide and needs more dosage to achieve the same effect. Therefore, kaolin is selected as the optimal chlorine corrosion reducing additive for the water-washed cow dung.
Impact of water content on fuel performance test:
the final water content of the cow dung biomass fuel is regulated, industrial analysis, element content measurement and low-level heat content measurement are carried out on fuels with different water contents, and in the experiment, the industrial analysis method of the biomass fuel refers to the national standard 'solid biomass fuel industrial analysis method' (GB/T28731-2012), and a muffle furnace is used for carrying out the contents of volatile components, ash and fixed carbon on the formed fuel; the sulfur element determination of biomass fuel refers to Ai Shika method in national standard method for determination of total sulfur in coal (GB/T214-2007); chlorine element determination of biomass fuel refers to the method in national standard method for determination of chlorine in coal (GB/T3558-2014); the method for measuring the low-order heat generation amount refers to the method in the national standard method for measuring the heat generation amount of coal (GB/T213-2008). The effect of the comparative moisture content on each property is shown in table 2.
Table 2: performance impact of different water content on cow dung biomass fuel
It can be seen that when the water content of the cow dung biomass fuel is controlled at 8%, the prepared biomass fuel has the best comprehensive performance, the ash content is 13.17%, the volatile content is 54.02%, the total moisture content is 7.33%, the fixed carbon content is 25.48%, the sulfur content of the solid biomass fuel (ISO 17225) is required to be less than or equal to 0.3%, the chlorine content is required to be less than or equal to 0.2%, and when the water content of the biomass fuel prepared by the method is 8%, the sulfur content is 0.18%, the chlorine content is 0.07%, and the low-grade heating value is 15.8MJ/kg.
And (3) determining the forming rate of the cow dung biomass fuel:
physical property measurement is carried out on biomass fuel, and specific bulk density measurement is referred to the national standard of the test method of biomass solid formed fuel, section 6: bulk Density (NY/T1881.6); determination of mechanical durability of biomass fuels reference national standard "biomass solid formed Fuel test method section 8: method in mechanical durability (NY/T1881.8). The test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: physical properties of cow dung biomass fuels with different water contents
| Moisture content | 4％ | 8％ | 12％ | 16％ | 20％ |
| Molding rate (%) | 91.6 | 97.3 | 90.4 | 93.8 | 96.2 |
| Bulk Density (kg/m) 3 ) | 665.6 | 662.5 | 651.4 | 672.1 | 683.7 |
| Mechanical durability (%) | 97.1 | 96.2 | 93.2 | 89.5 | 85.4 |
It can be seen from the table that the bulk density tends to decrease and then increase with increasing water content, and if the water content is small, the pores in the fuel are small, a small amount of water acts as a binder, the stability of the fuel is increased, and as the water content increases, the pores in the fuel increase, and the increased water is insufficient to fill the pores, resulting in a decrease in the bulk density and a deterioration in the structural stability of the fuel. Mechanical durability the ability of the primary reactant materials to secure their strength during storage and transport, it can be seen that mechanical durability tends to decrease with increasing moisture content.
To examine the influence of the additives on the performance of the fuel, the physical properties of the biomass fuels prepared in example 1 and comparative example 2 were measured, and the test results are shown in table 4.
Table 4: influence of different additives on physical properties of cow dung biomass fuel
It can be seen that the addition of kaolin has a significant increase in bulk density and mechanical durability, since the addition of the additive has little effect on the formation rate of the biomass fuel.
Example 2
The preparation method of the cow dung biomass fuel comprises the following steps:
(1) Cow dung and water are mixed according to the mass volume ratio of 1g: mixing 10mL, washing with water at 28 ℃ for 45min, vacuum-filtering to collect washing liquid after washing, adding calcium oxide and sodium metaaluminate, stirring at 25 ℃ for reaction for 1-2h, filtering after reaction, centrifuging, and washing the cow dung with water twice by the obtained solution;
(2) After the secondary water washing is finished, the cow dung is dried, kaolin accounting for 5% of the mass of the cow dung is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the humidity is adjusted to 8%, and the granules are supported by a biomass fuel forming machine.
The weight of the cow dung biomass fuel prepared in the embodiment is increased by 4.92mg/cm after being burnt 2 。
Example 3
The preparation method of the cow dung biomass fuel comprises the following steps:
(1) Cow dung and water are mixed according to the mass volume ratio of 1g: mixing 9mL, washing for 30min at 35 ℃, vacuum-filtering to collect washing liquid after washing, adding calcium oxide and sodium metaaluminate, stirring at 25 ℃ for reaction for 1-2h, and carrying out suction filtration and centrifugation after the reaction is finished, wherein the obtained solution is subjected to secondary washing on cow dung;
(2) After the secondary water washing is finished, the cow dung is dried, kaolin accounting for 4% of the mass of the cow dung is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the humidity is adjusted to 8%, and the granules are manufactured through a biomass fuel forming machine.
The weight of the cow dung biomass fuel prepared in the embodiment is increased by 4.89mg/cm after being burnt 2 。
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the cow dung biomass fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps of: mixing cow dung with water, stirring, washing with water, vacuum filtering, drying to obtain washed cow dung, and mixing with kaolin.
2. The method for preparing the cow dung biomass fuel as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the washing is specifically two times, after the first washing is finished, the washing liquid is collected, calcium oxide and sodium metaaluminate are added, stirring reaction is carried out for 1-2 hours at 25 ℃, suction filtration and centrifugation are carried out after the reaction is finished, the obtained solution can be circularly used for washing cow dung, and then the washing is repeatedly carried out on the cow dung.
3. The method for preparing the cow dung biomass fuel according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: cl in the calcium oxide, sodium metaaluminate and water washing liquid - The molar ratio of (2) is 6:3:1.
4. A method for preparing a cow dung biomass fuel as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that: the mass volume ratio of the cow dung to the water is 1g: 8-10 mL, the temperature of each water washing is 28-35 ℃, and the time of each water washing is 30-45 min.
5. The preparation method of the cow dung biomass fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Cow dung and water are mixed according to the mass volume ratio of 1g: 8-10 mL, washing for 30-45 min at the temperature of 28-35 ℃, after washing, vacuum-filtering to collect washing liquid, adding calcium oxide and sodium metaaluminate, stirring at 25 ℃ for reaction for 1-2h, after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and centrifugation, and carrying out secondary washing on cow dung by the obtained solution;
(2) After the secondary water washing is finished, the cow dung is dried, kaolin with the mass of 3-5% of the cow dung is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the humidity is regulated to 8%, and the granules are supported by a biomass fuel forming machine.
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