CN116574488B - 一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116574488B CN116574488B CN202310451592.8A CN202310451592A CN116574488B CN 116574488 B CN116574488 B CN 116574488B CN 202310451592 A CN202310451592 A CN 202310451592A CN 116574488 B CN116574488 B CN 116574488B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- composite material
- change
- phase
- solid phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N Chemical compound OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine cyanurate Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)N1 ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COP(=O)(OCC(Br)CBr)OCC(Br)CBr PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006284 nylon film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004856 P—O—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Zr] ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUDYPQRUOYEARG-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);dihydroxide;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] ZUDYPQRUOYEARG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QHFQAJHNDKBRBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] QHFQAJHNDKBRBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- JWEBAGKDUWFYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;hydrogen phosphate;decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O JWEBAGKDUWFYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940050906 magnesium chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical class [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon zirconium Chemical compound [Si].[Zr] UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008279 sol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/066—Cooling mixtures; De-icing compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及电池安全技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池模组用热蔓延防护用高导热相变隔热复合材料及其制备方法。本发明一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料，包括骨架支撑材料、相变材料、导热材料和绝缘封装材料；且相变材料和导热材料固定于骨架支撑材料中形成复合材料封装于绝缘封装材料，导热材料通过原位复合法或掺杂复合法加入到复合材料中。本发明提供了一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料，该材料在电池模组内对热失控电芯产生的热蔓延具有很好的抑制和延缓作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池安全技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池模组用热蔓延防护用高导热相变隔热复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着电动汽车的快速发展，电动汽车动力电池***的安全问题受到越来越多的重视。在整个电动汽车安全事故中，一般最初是由单一电芯热失控引起。电芯热失控后短时间内释放出大量热量，传递到相邻电芯上引起温度上升而发生热失控，最终热蔓延到整个模组内电芯甚至于整个电池包，从而造成灾难性事故。因此，在任一电芯发生热失控时，抑制或者延缓其产生的热量蔓延到相邻电芯上对保证乘客生命财产安全具有重要意义。
目前，对于动力电池模组内热蔓延抑制的隔热材料非常多，各种陶瓷纤维、陶瓷化硅胶材料、气凝胶等等，已经被广泛运用于模组内电芯热失控热蔓延抑制或延缓作用。上述材料在电池热失控时，将失控电池释放的热量依靠自身优异的隔热性能起到延缓热传递作用，从而给乘客逃生提供宝贵的时间。但是，从热守恒原理来看，热失控电芯产生的能量只是被限制在电池模组内，通过隔热材料延缓其传递时间，最终随着时间的延长还是会引起其他电芯的热失控而造成电池包的热蔓延。为了在现有传统隔热材料的基础上，进一步延缓热蔓延时间或者抑制热蔓延，有研究学者将相变材料引入到隔热材料中，在热失控时，通过隔热材料的隔热和相变材料相变消耗能量。
SK新技术株式会社的金泰日等在专利CN114006105A中设计了一种吸热防火壁隔热材料，该材料包括由相变材料组成的吸热层和纤维组成的隔热层构成。在电池热失控中，起到较好的效果。但是该设计采用三明治结构，采用两层纤维层和一层相变材料层，且由于电池模组内空间的限制，给防火墙留的空间很小，相变材料量引入受到限制，对热失控热量的消耗量还有待进一步提高。
为了解决该问题，清华大学冯旭宁等在专利CN113506935A中提出一种新的用于电池模组防止热蔓延的隔热材料，其采用硅溶胶、阻燃剂和相变材料与纤维基材复合，然后用绝缘膜进行包覆制备复合材料。该复合材料具有很高的相变焓值，解决了相变材料量的问题，在电池模组内热蔓延上起到较好的结果。但是该设计中，相变材料与基材之间浸泡在一起，流动的相变材料在封装中带来很大的麻烦，同时在电池模组组装的过程中，流动液态相变材料受压后，容易挤破绝缘膜而流到模组内，引起电芯短路而造成更大的事故。因此，如此在不影响电池模组内比能量和安全的情况下，开发的抑制电池模组热蔓延的复合材料。
发明内容
本发明希望提供一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料，该材料在电池模组内对热失控电芯产生的热蔓延具有很好的抑制和延缓作用，具体方案如下：
一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料，包括骨架支撑材料、相变材料、导热材料和绝缘封装材料；且相变材料和导热材料固定于骨架支撑材料中形成复合材料封装于绝缘封装材料，导热材料通过原位复合法或掺杂复合法加入到复合材料中。
所述的骨架支撑材料为厚度为1mm-5mm的纤维材料，包括氧化锆纤维、莫来石纤维、氧化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、岩棉、硅酸铝纤维或预氧丝纤维，纤维孔隙率为80％-90％。
所述的相变材料包括硅油、硅溶胶、铝溶胶、锆溶胶、硅铝溶胶、硅锆溶胶、铝锆溶胶、硅铝锆溶胶、石蜡、六水氯化钙、十水硫酸钠、十水磷酸氢钠、八水氢氧化钡或六水氯化镁中的一种或多种。优选采用溶胶与无机相变材料的复合杂化形式，硅溶胶是为了后续形成半固态凝胶所用原料前驱体，杂化多种相变材料，是为了保证更高的相变焓值。
所述绝缘封装材料为铝塑膜、尼龙膜、聚酰亚胺膜、聚丙烯膜、聚乙烯膜或聚氯乙烯膜中的一种或多种，且厚度为0.05-0.25mm。
原位复合法所用导热材料为铜粉、银粉、炭黑、石墨烯、氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅、氧化镁中的一种或多种，导热材料粒径为50-100μm；掺杂复合法所用导热材料为铁网、铝网、铜网、碳纤维、碳纳米管中的一种或多种，目数为100-200目，厚度为0.1-0.5mm。
导热材料通过原位复合法加入到复合材料时，具体步骤如下：将相变材料、红外遮蔽剂、阻燃剂和导热材料，搅拌均匀得到溶液，并调控pH至4.2-5.8，然后将骨架支撑材料浸渍于溶液中，20～70℃下保温，取出复合材料，用封装用绝缘膜封装。
导热材料通过掺杂复合法加入到复合材料时，具体步骤如下：将相变材料、红外遮蔽剂和阻燃剂搅拌均匀，并调控pH至4.2-5.8，得到溶液，将复合导热材料的骨架支撑材料浸渍于溶液中，20～70℃下保温，取出复合材料，用封装用绝缘膜封装。
所述红外遮蔽剂为二氧化钛、碳化硅、碳粉和六钛酸钾晶须中的一种或多种。
所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵、三(2,3-二溴丙基)磷酸酯、硫代磷酸三异氰酸酯、尿素、五硼酸铵、碳酸氢铵或氰尿酸三聚氰胺中的一种或多种。
所述的高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料应用于电池模组。
本发明与现有技术不同之处在于，本发明为高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料，便于封装和解决破包风险。同时为了提高相变材料之间的热传导，本发明引入导热物质保证复合材料在热失控时能将热量迅速扩散到相变材料上，在短时间内通过相变材料相变过程将热量转移出电池模组内。同时，本发明在相变材料作用消耗后，多孔隔热材料还能起到较好的隔热效果。通过相变热转移和热量传递的抑制，本发明的相变隔热材料在电池模组内对热失控电芯产生的热蔓延具有很好的抑制和延缓作用。
本发明一种半固态相变隔热复合材料，相变材料以凝胶的形式固定于骨架支撑材料中形成复合材料封装于绝缘封装材料中。与之前技术不同之处在于，本发明中将相变材料通过喷淋或浸涂的方式使基体材料(骨架支撑材料)浸满相变材料，通过调节PH值形成凝胶，凝胶中含有连续的纳米或微米孔洞，把相变材料束缚在孔洞中，便于加工封装和解决破包风险。同时，该设计的相变隔热材料在相变材料作用消耗后，基体材料和凝胶之间形成的多孔隔热材料还能起到较好的隔热效果。在热失控过程中，通过相变材料快速将失控电芯产生的热量转移出模组内，同时基体材料和凝胶高温干燥后形成的多孔隔热材料能有效阻隔失控电芯产生的热量传递到相邻电芯电芯。本发明涉及的半固态相变隔热材料，在散热和隔热双重作用下，能有效抑制和延缓电池模组内热失控电芯产生的热蔓延。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料封装实物图。
图2为实施例与对比例气凝胶热烧蚀曲线图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例以硅酸铝纤维为基体，将50g硅溶胶分散于100g水中，然后依次加入5g二氧化钛粉、3g磷酸二氢铵、2g碳酸氢铵和2g碳粉，搅拌均匀，并用稀硫酸调控pH至4.5，得到溶液。然后将硅酸铝纤维浸渍于溶液中，60℃下保温30min，取出复合材料，用0.15mm厚铝塑膜封装，得到相变复合材料成品，密度为1.2g/cm3。
该实施例采用磷酸二氢铵，氮磷协效阻燃机理能够凝聚相阻燃和气相阻燃的综合作用，具体表现为阻燃剂受热分解吸热，分解生成磷酸，聚磷酸等无机酸，可在被阻燃基材表面形成一层不挥发性的保护膜，隔绝了空气，同时受热后易放出氨气，氮气，水蒸气和深度氮氧化物等不燃性气体，这些气体阻断了氧的供应，并与阻燃剂分解吸热一起带走大部分热量，极大降低了被阻燃基材表面温度；大部分磷的氧化物与氮的化合物形成P-N-P，P-O-P，通过P-C等化学键形成一种焦化碳结构的糊状物留在剩碳中，产生覆盖作用，中断燃烧的连锁反应，从而有力的抑制基材的燃烧，另外基材燃烧时有PO形成，它可与火焰区域中的H，HO自由基结合，起到抑制火焰的作用。
实施例2
本实施例以玻璃纤维为基体，将50g硅-铝复合溶胶分散于100g水中，然后依次加入10g碳化硅粉、8g五硼酸铵和0.5g铜粉，搅拌均匀，并用稀硫酸调控pH至5.0，得到溶液。然后将玻璃纤维浸渍于溶液中，60℃下保温30min，取出复合材料，用0.15mm厚聚酰亚胺封装，得到相变复合材料成品，密度为1.1g/cm3。
实施例3
本实施例以硅酸铝纤维为基体，预先复合0.15mm铁网。将50g硅-锆复合溶胶分散于100g水中，然后依次加入5g六钛酸钾晶须和5g氰尿酸三聚氰胺，搅拌均匀，并用稀硫酸调控pH至4.5，得到溶液。然后将复合铁网的硅酸铝纤维浸渍于溶液中，60℃下保温30min，取出复合材料，用0.15mm厚聚丙烯膜封装，得到相变复合材料成品，密度为1.15g/cm3。
对比例1
采用市面上相同厚度陶瓷纤维气凝胶、玻璃纤维气凝胶和预氧丝气凝胶作为对比样品，进行热烧蚀实验。
表1实施例和对比例热烧蚀实验数据一览表
从表1可以看出，相同厚度的玻纤气凝胶和预氧丝气凝胶，在1100℃左右热烧蚀过程中，样品直接烧穿。本发明的相变隔热材料和陶纤气凝胶未烧穿，对比两者温差发现，本发明的相变隔热材料隔热效果要优于同等厚度的气凝胶隔热材料。
实施例4-6(以下实施例用于研究pH对于本申请的影响)
实施例4-6其他均与实施例1相同，除了pH不同，具体情况如下表：
表2实施例和不同pH对比例热烧蚀实验数据一览表
实施例7-10(以下实施例用于研究温度对于本申请的影响)
表3实施例和不同温度对比例热烧蚀实验数据一览表
上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的工作，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (4)
1.一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：
导热材料通过原位复合法加入到复合材料时，具体步骤如下：将相变材料、红外遮蔽剂、阻燃剂和导热材料，搅拌均匀得到溶液，并调控pH至4.2-5.8，然后将骨架支撑材料浸渍于溶液中，20~70℃下保温，取出复合材料，用封装用绝缘膜封装；
所述一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料，包括骨架支撑材料、相变材料、导热材料和绝缘封装材料；且相变材料和导热材料固定于骨架支撑材料中形成复合材料封装于绝缘封装材料，导热材料通过原位复合法加入到复合材料中；所述的骨架支撑材料为厚度为1mm-5mm的硅酸铝纤维，纤维孔隙率为80%-90%；所述的相变材料为硅溶胶或硅铝溶胶；所述绝缘封装材料为铝塑膜、尼龙膜、聚酰亚胺膜、聚丙烯膜、聚乙烯膜或聚氯乙烯膜中的一种或多种，且厚度为0.05-0.25mm；原位复合法所用导热材料为铜粉，粒径为50-100μm。
2.如权利要求1所述的高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述红外遮蔽剂为二氧化钛、碳化硅、碳粉和六钛酸钾晶须中的一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1所述的高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵、三（2,3-二溴丙基）磷酸酯、硫代磷酸三异氰酸酯、尿素、五硼酸铵、碳酸氢铵或氰尿酸三聚氰胺中的一种或多种。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料的制备方法制备得到的高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料应用于电池模组的用途。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310451592.8A CN116574488B (zh) | 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-25 | 一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310451592.8A CN116574488B (zh) | 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-25 | 一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116574488A CN116574488A (zh) | 2023-08-11 |
| CN116574488B true CN116574488B (zh) | 2024-01-09 |
Family
ID=87538743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310451592.8A Active CN116574488B (zh) | 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-25 | 一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116574488B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117946434B (zh) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-06-11 | 中北大学 | 基于peg和mwcnt-cooh结合静电自组装法的阻燃相变膜及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5950450A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1999-09-14 | Vacupanel, Inc. | Containment system for transporting and storing temperature-sensitive materials |
| CN101799099A (zh) * | 2010-04-16 | 2010-08-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | 一种纳米多层复合隔热材料及其制备方法 |
| CN108940139A (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-07 | 浙江圣润纳米科技有限公司 | 一种蜂窝基材增强气凝胶复合材料、制品及制备方法 |
| CN111009705A (zh) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-14 | 清华大学 | 隔热板、电池模组以及电池包 |
| CN211743352U (zh) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-10-23 | 清华大学 | 隔热板、电池模组以及电池包 |
| CN113506935A (zh) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-10-15 | 清华大学 | 电池模组用热蔓延防护板、电池模组和电池包 |
| EP3896780A1 (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-10-20 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Battery module |
| CN113998983A (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | 一种与电池壳体一体成型的复合保温材料及其制备工艺 |
| CN115000590A (zh) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-02 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种具备散热功能的气凝胶产品、制备方法及应用 |
| CN115353865A (zh) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-18 | 广东工业大学 | 一种具有高导热和高强度的相变材料、制备方法及其制备的电池支架和电池热管理装置 |
| CN115851240A (zh) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-03-28 | 杭州英诺克新材料有限公司 | 一种基于碳骨架的绝缘高焓值高导热材料的制备方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-04-25 CN CN202310451592.8A patent/CN116574488B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5950450A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1999-09-14 | Vacupanel, Inc. | Containment system for transporting and storing temperature-sensitive materials |
| CN101799099A (zh) * | 2010-04-16 | 2010-08-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | 一种纳米多层复合隔热材料及其制备方法 |
| CN108940139A (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-07 | 浙江圣润纳米科技有限公司 | 一种蜂窝基材增强气凝胶复合材料、制品及制备方法 |
| CN111009705A (zh) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-14 | 清华大学 | 隔热板、电池模组以及电池包 |
| CN211743352U (zh) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-10-23 | 清华大学 | 隔热板、电池模组以及电池包 |
| EP3896780A1 (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-10-20 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Battery module |
| CN113506935A (zh) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-10-15 | 清华大学 | 电池模组用热蔓延防护板、电池模组和电池包 |
| CN113998983A (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | 一种与电池壳体一体成型的复合保温材料及其制备工艺 |
| CN115000590A (zh) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-02 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种具备散热功能的气凝胶产品、制备方法及应用 |
| CN115353865A (zh) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-18 | 广东工业大学 | 一种具有高导热和高强度的相变材料、制备方法及其制备的电池支架和电池热管理装置 |
| CN115851240A (zh) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-03-28 | 杭州英诺克新材料有限公司 | 一种基于碳骨架的绝缘高焓值高导热材料的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116574488A (zh) | 2023-08-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN116574488B (zh) | 一种高导热半固态相变隔热复合材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
| JP5379238B2 (ja) | 電池パック | |
| Lin et al. | Development of flexible form-stable phase change material with enhanced electrical resistance for thermal management | |
| KR20230132800A (ko) | 단열 다층 시트, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 이용한 물품 | |
| EP3480507A1 (en) | Insulating material and equipment using insulating material | |
| Kariya et al. | Development of thermal energy storage material using porous silicon carbide and calcium hydroxide | |
| EP4369448A2 (en) | Devices, systems, and methods for controlling vent gases and ejecta from thermal runaway events in energy storage systems | |
| Dai et al. | Heat transfer enhanced inorganic phase change material compositing carbon nanotubes for battery thermal management and thermal runaway propagation mitigation | |
| CN114639899B (zh) | 延缓电池模组热失控蔓延的阻火隔热垫 | |
| Yu et al. | Enhancing battery module safety with insulation material: Hollow glass microspheres incorporating aerogel of varying particle sizes | |
| Mogilevsky et al. | In situ Y2Si2O7 coatings on SiC fibers: Thermodynamic analysis and processing | |
| CN111029486A (zh) | 锂离子电池及其制作方法 | |
| US20220294044A1 (en) | Composite thermal management sheet, method of manufacture, and articles using the same | |
| CN115772338A (zh) | 一种隔热阻燃的纳米复合片材及其制备方法 | |
| Di et al. | A novel EVA-based composite via ceramization toward excellent flame retardance performance and high-temperature resistance | |
| Wang et al. | Flame retardant composite phase change materials with MXene for lithium-ion battery thermal management systems | |
| CN211088320U (zh) | 锂离子电池 | |
| CN111423757A (zh) | 一种防火涂料及其制备方法和应用以及防火涂层 | |
| CN115197539A (zh) | 树脂组合物以及包含其的耐燃结构及电池封装件 | |
| CA2382070C (en) | Method of containing a phase change material in a porous carbon material and articles produced thereby | |
| Guo et al. | B2O3-reinforced ablative materials with superior and comprehensive ablation resistance used in aerospace propulsion thermal protection systems | |
| KR102564844B1 (ko) | 리튬배터리용 소화물질 | |
| JP7495468B2 (ja) | 熱伝達抑制シート及び組電池 | |
| CN115189083B (zh) | 一种散热、防火的复合材料电池盒及其制备方法 | |
| CN115612299B (zh) | 一种应用于新能源电池包上的防火隔热垫及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |