CN116573947A - 一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料及其制备方法,属于陶瓷刀具技术领域;包括以下步骤:以去离子水为溶剂,将丙烯酰胺单体、N‑N’‑亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、柠檬酸铵、氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉与去离子水一起混合得到混合浆料,再将混合浆料放入聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中进行球磨,得到陶瓷浆料;在陶瓷浆料中加入过硫酸铵和四甲基乙二胺,混合均匀后注入氧化锆蜂窝陶瓷中,真空处理使浆料完全填充蜂窝陶瓷的孔隙,待原位固化后,得到陶瓷坯体;将陶瓷胚体进行热压烧结,最终得到三维氧化锆增韧陶瓷刀具材料。本发明制备的三维增韧陶瓷的三维连续的增韧相可在三维空间上抑制裂纹扩展,提高陶瓷刀具材料的断裂韧性,减少应力集中,从而实现三维增韧的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷刀具技术领域,具体涉及一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
刀具的性能是影响切削加工速率、精度、表面质量等决定性因素之一,在现代化加工过程中,提高加工效率最有效的方法就是采用高速切削加工速度,先进的陶瓷刀具材料具有很多独特的优点,随着现代科学技术和技术的发展,越来越多的超硬难加工材料应用于机械、汽车、航空航天、模具、机床工具等行业,从而提高机器设备的强度以保证其寿命和使用性能。
目前,切削加工技术的发展趋势向高速、高精度转变,但是过大的切削力以及产生过多的热量会使刀具产生一定的磨损和变形,从而会减低刀具的加工精度,工具钢、硬质合金已经不能满足工艺要求,所以,陶瓷材料最有可能成为具有竞争力的刀具材料。
陶瓷材料耐磨损、硬度高、耐热性好,容易烧结致密化,从而最早被注视并得到小规模的使用,但这种陶瓷比较脆,容易崩刀缺刃从而产生缺陷,一般只能只用于冲击力小的精密加工,对大型零件的加工较为困难。目前的增韧方式主要是颗粒增韧、晶须增韧、层状增韧等,但这些增韧只能在一维或二维上有显著作用。
因此,亟需制备一种能够在三维上增韧的陶瓷刀具材料,来进一步增强陶瓷刀具材料的力学性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:克服了现有增韧陶瓷刀具材料中存在的颗粒、晶须等韧性差的问题,提供一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料及其制备方法,以蜂窝氧化锆陶瓷或泡沫金属为骨架,填充入氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉,再经过振荡压力烧结技术制备出具有三维增韧相的陶瓷材料,实现三维增韧的效果,提高材料的力学性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、配制陶瓷浆料:
以去离子水为溶剂,将丙烯酰胺单体、N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、柠檬酸铵、氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉与去离子水一起混合得到混合浆料,再将混合浆料放入聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中进行球磨,得到陶瓷浆料;
以质量百分比计,混合浆料中去离子水的含量占50%~70%,丙烯酰胺单体和N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺两者的含量共同占3%~10%,柠檬酸铵的含量占0.09%~1%,其余为氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉两者的含量之和;
S2、制备陶瓷坯体:
在上述步骤S1中制备得到的陶瓷浆料中加入过硫酸铵和四甲基乙二胺,混合均匀后注入氧化锆蜂窝陶瓷中,真空处理使浆料完全填充蜂窝陶瓷的孔隙,待原位固化后,得到陶瓷坯体;
S3、烧结陶瓷刀具材料:
将上述步骤S2中制备得到的陶瓷胚体进行热压烧结,烧结温度为1200~1600℃,烧结压力为30~80MPa,保温时间为20~60min,最终得到三维氧化锆增韧陶瓷刀具材料。
所述步骤S1中,混合浆料中,丙烯酰胺单体和N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的质量比为4~20:1。
所述步骤S1中,混合浆料中,氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉的体积比为5:5~7:3。
所述步骤S1中,球磨过程中,球料比为3~10:1,球磨时间为6~24h。
所述步骤S2中,过硫酸铵占陶瓷浆料总质量的0.1%~0.3%,四甲基乙二胺占陶瓷总质量的0.05%~0.2%。
所述步骤S1中,氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉可替换为氧化铝和碳化钛、氧化铝和氮化钛、氧化铝和氧化锆。
所述步骤S3中,氧化锆蜂窝陶瓷可替换为三维泡沫金属,包括泡沫铝、泡沫镍、泡沫钛。
本发明还提供一种利用所述的制备方法制备得到的三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明克服了现有增韧陶瓷刀具材料中存在的颗粒、晶须等韧性差的问题,以蜂窝氧化锆陶瓷或泡沫金属为骨架,填充入氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉,再经过振荡压力烧结技术制备出具有三维增韧相的陶瓷材料,三维连续的增韧相可以在三维空间上抑制裂纹扩展,提高陶瓷刀具材料的断裂韧性,同时三维连续的增韧相还可以实现外力在三维空间上的传导和分散,减少应力集中,从而实现三维增韧的效果,避免局部应力集中而造成的开裂,提高陶瓷刀具材料的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备得到的三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的解释说明。
实施例1:本发明提供一种三维氧化锆增韧氧化铝-碳氮化钛陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、配制陶瓷浆料:
以去离子水为溶剂,将丙烯酰胺单体、N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、柠檬酸铵、氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉与去离子水一起混合得到混合浆料,再将混合浆料放入聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中进行球磨,采用行星式球磨混合,球料比为5:1,转速120r/min,球磨时间24h,得到陶瓷浆料;
以质量份数计,混合浆料中去离子水为30mL,丙烯酰胺单体为5.7g,N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为4.6g,柠檬酸铵为1g,氧化铝粉为70g,碳氮化钛粉为30g。
S2、制备陶瓷坯体:
在球磨后的陶瓷浆料中加入0.18g的过硫酸铵和0.12g的四甲基乙二胺,混合均匀后注入氧化锆蜂窝陶瓷中,通过真空处理,使浆料完全填充蜂窝陶瓷的孔隙,待浆料原位固化后,得到陶瓷坯体。
S3、烧结陶瓷刀具材料:
将陶瓷胚体进行热压烧结,烧结温度为1500℃,烧结压力为70MPa,保温时间为30min,最终得到三维氧化锆增韧氧化铝-碳氮化钛陶瓷刀具材料。
由本实施例1得到的三维氧化锆增韧氧化铝-碳氮化钛陶瓷刀具材料的硬度为20GPa,断裂韧性为6.3MPa·m1/2。
实施例2:本发明提供一种三维金属镍增韧氧化铝-碳化钛陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、配制陶瓷浆料:
以去离子水为溶剂,将丙烯酰胺单体、N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、柠檬酸铵、氧化铝粉和碳化钛粉与去离子水一起混合得到混合浆料,再将混合浆料放入聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中进行球磨,采用行星式球磨混合,球料比为5:1,转速120r/min,球磨时间12h,得到陶瓷浆料;
以质量份数计,混合浆料中去离子水为50mL,丙烯酰胺单体为4.2g,N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为4.2g,柠檬酸铵为0.4g,氧化铝粉为60g,碳化钛粉为40g。
S2、制备陶瓷坯体:
将过硫酸铵稀释至质量分数10%,将四甲基乙二胺稀释到体积分数50%;在球磨后的陶瓷浆料中加入1.9mL的过硫酸铵和330μL的四甲基乙二胺,通过磁力搅拌混合均匀后注入泡沫镍中,真空处理使得浆料完全填充泡沫镍的孔隙中,待浆料原位固化后,得到三维金属镍增韧的陶瓷坯体。
S3、烧结陶瓷刀具材料:
将陶瓷胚体进行热压烧结,烧结温度为1400℃,烧结压力为70MPa,保温时间为60min,最终得到三维金属镍增韧氧化铝-碳化钛陶瓷刀具材料。
由本实施例2得到的三维金属镍增韧氧化铝-碳化钛陶瓷刀具材料的硬度为19GPa,断裂韧性为8.4MPa·m1/2。
实施例3:本发明提供一种三维金属钛增韧氧化铝-氮化钛陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、配制陶瓷浆料:
以去离子水为溶剂,将丙烯酰胺单体、N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、柠檬酸铵、氧化铝粉和氮化钛粉与去离子水一起混合得到混合浆料,再将混合浆料放入聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中进行球磨,采用行星式球磨混合,球料比为3:1,转速120r/min,球磨时间6h,得到陶瓷浆料;
以质量份数计,混合浆料中去离子水为30mL,丙烯酰胺单体为2.7g,N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为0.27g,柠檬酸铵为0.3g,氧化铝粉为50g,氮化钛粉为50g。
S2、制备陶瓷坯体:
将过硫酸铵稀释至质量分数10%,将四甲基乙二胺稀释到体积分数50%;在球磨后的陶瓷浆料中加入1.3mL的过硫酸铵和220μL的四甲基乙二胺,通过磁力搅拌混合均匀后注入泡沫钛中,真空处理使得浆料完全填充泡沫钛的孔隙中,待浆料原位固化后,得到三维金属钛增韧的陶瓷坯体。
S3、烧结陶瓷刀具材料:
将陶瓷胚体进行热压烧结,烧结温度为1600℃,烧结压力为80MPa,保温时间为40min,最终得到三维金属钛增韧氧化铝-氮化钛陶瓷刀具材料。
由本实施例3得到的三维金属钛增韧氧化铝-氮化钛陶瓷刀具材料的硬度为22GPa,断裂韧性为7.5MPa·m1/2。
实施例4:本发明提供一种三维金属铝增韧氧化铝-氧化锆陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、配制陶瓷浆料:
以去离子水为溶剂,将丙烯酰胺单体、N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、柠檬酸铵、氧化铝粉和氧化锆粉与去离子水一起混合得到混合浆料,再将混合浆料放入聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中进行球磨,采用行星式球磨混合,球料比为10:1,转速90r/min,球磨时间24h,得到陶瓷浆料;
以质量份数计,混合浆料中去离子水为40mL,丙烯酰胺单体为4.2g,N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为0.21g,柠檬酸铵为2g,氧化铝粉为70g,氧化锆粉为30g。
S2、制备陶瓷坯体:
将过硫酸铵稀释至质量分数10%,将四甲基乙二胺稀释到体积分数50%;在球磨后的陶瓷浆料中加入1.3mL的过硫酸铵和110μL的四甲基乙二胺,通过磁力搅拌混合均匀后注入泡沫铝中,真空处理使得浆料完全填充泡沫铝的孔隙中,待浆料原位固化后,得到三维金属铝增韧的陶瓷坯体。
S3、烧结陶瓷刀具材料:
将陶瓷胚体进行热压烧结,烧结温度为1200℃,烧结压力为30MPa,保温时间为20min,最终得到三维金属铝增韧氧化铝-氧化锆陶瓷刀具材料。
由本实施例3得到的三维金属铝增韧氧化铝-氧化锆陶瓷刀具材料的硬度为18GPa,断裂韧性为7.8MPa·m1/2。
图1是三维氧化锆增韧氧化铝-碳氮化钛陶瓷的实物图,其中白色相为氧化锆,黑色为氧化铝-碳氮化钛相。可以看出白色氧化锆呈网状分布在基体中,从而在材料受力时,能在三维空间上起到分散外力和增韧的作用。
通过上述实施例可以看出,采用三维增韧相可以显著提高复合材料的韧性,尤其是以泡沫金属为三维增韧相的复合材料韧性提高尤为显著。
本发明以蜂窝氧化锆陶瓷或泡沫金属为骨架,填充入氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉,再经过振荡压力烧结技术制备出具有三维增韧相的陶瓷材料,三维连续的增韧相可以在三维空间上抑制裂纹扩展,提高陶瓷刀具材料的断裂韧性,同时三维连续的增韧相还可以实现外力在三维空间上的传导和分散,减少应力集中,从而实现三维增韧的效果,避免局部应力集中而造成的开裂,提高陶瓷刀具材料的使用寿命。
以上所述,仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (8)
1.一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、配制陶瓷浆料:
以去离子水为溶剂,将丙烯酰胺单体、N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、柠檬酸铵、氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉与去离子水一起混合得到混合浆料,再将混合浆料放入聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中进行球磨,得到陶瓷浆料;
以质量百分比计,混合浆料中去离子水的含量占50%~70%,丙烯酰胺单体和N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺两者的含量共同占3%~10%,柠檬酸铵的含量占0.09%~1%,其余为氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉两者的含量之和;
S2、制备陶瓷坯体:
在上述步骤S1中制备得到的陶瓷浆料中加入过硫酸铵和四甲基乙二胺,混合均匀后注入氧化锆蜂窝陶瓷中,真空处理使浆料完全填充蜂窝陶瓷的孔隙,待原位固化后,得到陶瓷坯体;
S3、烧结陶瓷刀具材料:
将上述步骤S2中制备得到的陶瓷胚体进行热压烧结,烧结温度为1200~1600℃,烧结压力为30~80MPa,保温时间为20~60min,最终得到三维氧化锆增韧陶瓷刀具材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,混合浆料中,丙烯酰胺单体和N-N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的质量比为4~20:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,混合浆料中,氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉的体积比为5:5~7:3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,球磨过程中,球料比为3~10:1,球磨时间为6~24h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中,过硫酸铵占陶瓷浆料总质量的0.1%~0.3%,四甲基乙二胺占陶瓷总质量的0.05%~0.2%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,氧化铝粉和碳氮化钛粉可替换为氧化铝和碳化钛、氧化铝和氮化钛、氧化铝和氧化锆。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中,氧化锆蜂窝陶瓷可替换为三维泡沫金属,包括泡沫铝、泡沫镍、泡沫钛。
8.一种利用权利要求1~7中任一所述的制备方法制备得到的三维增韧陶瓷刀具材料。
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