CN116571263B - Preparation method of silicon dioxide supported nickel-based catalyst and application of catalyst in hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural - Google Patents

Preparation method of silicon dioxide supported nickel-based catalyst and application of catalyst in hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Download PDF

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CN116571263B
CN116571263B CN202310540005.2A CN202310540005A CN116571263B CN 116571263 B CN116571263 B CN 116571263B CN 202310540005 A CN202310540005 A CN 202310540005A CN 116571263 B CN116571263 B CN 116571263B
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catalyst
hydroxymethylfurfural
supported nickel
nickel
silica
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CN116571263A (en
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曾宪海
黄仁杰
陈炳霖
田野
李铮
林鹿
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Xiamen University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of catalysts, in particular to a method for preparing a silicon dioxide supported nickel-based catalyst and application thereof in hydrogenation of biomass platform molecules 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Ni 2+ is coordinated with dimethylimidazole to form a Ni-ZIF polymer, triethylamine is added to enable the solution to be alkaline, and then tetraethyl silicate is added dropwise to enable the solution to be slowly hydrolyzed in the solution, so that the silicon dioxide-loaded Ni catalyst precursor is prepared. The precursor is then calcined at high temperature under nitrogen to produce the silica supported nickel-based catalyst. The catalyst can catalyze the hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at room temperature to prepare polymer monomers 2, 5-furandimethanol and 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran. The catalyst provided by the invention can be used for catalyzing the rapid reaction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the presence of water as a solvent, can be used for directly catalyzing the hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the absence of the solvent, can be used for catalyzing substrates containing unsaturated groups such as nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bonds and the like, and shows good activity.

Description

Preparation method of silicon dioxide supported nickel-based catalyst and application of catalyst in hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of organic synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing 2, 5-furandimethanol and 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran by catalyzing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at room temperature without a solvent.
Background
With the development of socioeconomic performance, fossil resources dominate the traditional energy structure, but excessive reliance on fossil energy presents a series of economic, social and environmental problems. In order to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel resources, the development of renewable resources such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy and the like has important significance. Biomass energy is taken as the only renewable carbon source, and has good prospect for research and development. In biomass, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as an important platform compound can be converted into a variety of high value-added chemicals such as polymer monomers, fine chemicals, fuel additives, liquid fuels, and the like. HMF hydro-reduction can produce a variety of chemicals such as 2, 5-furandimethanol (BHMF), 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF), 5-Methyl Furfuryl Alcohol (MFA), 2, 5-dimethylfuran, 2, 5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran (BMTHF).
Among hydrogenated products of HMF, BHMF and BHMTHF are unique industrial intermediates of diols, have wide application prospects in biomass conversion, can be used for preparing artificial receptors in molecular recognition and preparing artificial fibers, polyamides, polyethers, medicines, adhesives, furan-based resins and other fine chemicals [Hou Q.,et al.Biorefinery roadmap based on catalytic production and upgrading 5-hydroxymethylfurfural]. with high added value, have been reported in many catalytic systems for selectively hydrogenating HMF into BHMF and BHMTHF, and noble metal catalytic systems such as Pd, pt, ru and Ir and non-noble metals such as Co, ni and Cu and the like selectively hydrogenating HMF into BHMF and BHMTHF[Jiang Z.Chemical transformations of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to highly added value products:Present and future]. in noble metal catalytic systems, and can realize high-selectivity conversion of HMF under milder H 2 conditions. However, since the noble metal reserves are low, the price is high, and the supply relationship is greatly affected by market fluctuation, the development and practical industrial application of the noble metal catalyst are limited. In addition, under relatively harsh conditions, non-noble metal catalyst systems can also achieve efficient conversion of HMF and yield high yields comparable to noble metal catalysts. For example, zhang et al [Zhang.et al.Catalytic selective hydrogenation and rearrangement of5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 3-hydroxymethyl-cyclopentone over a bimetallic nickel–copper catalyst in water], used 2, 5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid as the organic ligand and Ni, co, cu, fe used the metal node to prepare a series of MOF-74 derived mono/bimetallic catalysts (Ni/C, cu/C, fe/C, co/C, ni-Cu, ni-Co, ni-Fe) that reacted at 140℃for 5H at 20bar H 2 with only Ni/C catalyst catalyzed HMF having greater than 99% conversion and 79.1% BHMTHF yield. Likozar et Al [B.Likozaret al.Process condition-based tuneable selective catalysis of hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)hydrogenation reactions to aromatic,saturated cyclic and linear poly-functional alcohols over Ni–Ce/Al 2O3.], obtained 96% BHMF at 140℃and 50bar H 2 in a mixed system of water and THF by adjusting the reaction temperature and solvent with Ni-Ce/Al 2O3 as catalyst. 88% of BHMTHF is obtained at 190℃and 50bar H 2 in n-butanol as solvent. The cinnabar et Al [Zhu Y,et al.Rational design of Ni-based catalysts derived from hydrotalcite for selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.], developed a milder catalytic system, and the prepared Ni-Al 2O3 catalyst with the Ni particle size of 3.7nm was realized by utilizing the strong interaction of Ni and a carrier Al 2O3, and 100% conversion of HMF and BHMTHF 90.5.5% yield are realized at 60 ℃ and 60bar H 2, but the problem of serious catalytic deactivation exists. The publication No. CN 113773284A discloses a method for preparing BHMTHF by catalyzing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by Co-Ni/SiO 2, which adopts water as a solvent, and reacts for 4 hours at 110 ℃ under 30bar H 2, wherein the yield of BHMTHF is 82.9%, but the reaction temperature is relatively high. The non-noble metal has the advantages of abundant reserves, low price, relatively easily available raw materials and the like, however, under the harsher conditions, the HMF is easy to generate various side reactions such as hydrogenolysis, ring opening, polymerization and the like, and brings great challenges for obtaining BHMF and BHMTHF with high yield and selectivity. Meanwhile, in the production process, a large amount of energy and funds are consumed for product separation and purification, so that the production cost of the product is increased, the HMF has good water solubility, and the environment-friendly and sustainable chemistry principle is considered, water is used as a reaction medium, or solvent-free reaction is directly adopted, so that the cost can be greatly reduced compared with expensive organic solvents. Therefore, the development of the high-efficiency and stable non-noble metal catalyst, the realization of the selective preparation of BHMF and BHMTHF under mild conditions, and the reduction of the separation cost of the product have important scientific research value and industrial application significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a silicon dioxide supported nickel-based catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) and application of the catalyst in preparation of 2, 5-furandimethanol and 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The catalyst is a non-noble metal catalyst, and the preparation method is simple. The method can catalyze the rapid reaction of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the presence of water as a solvent, and has mild reaction conditions to realize the room-temperature reaction. The catalyst can also directly catalyze the hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural under the solvent-free condition, and simultaneously can catalyze substrates containing unsaturated groups such as nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bonds and the like, and has good activity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a preparation method of a silicon dioxide supported nickel-based catalyst, which comprises the following steps:
(1) First, nickel acetate and P123 are dissolved in ethanol solution, and the solid is dissolved by ultrasonic treatment for a certain time and fully mixed and coordinated.
(2) Then, the dimethyl imidazole is dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water, and the magnetic stirring is uniform.
(3) And (3) rapidly pouring the solution obtained in the step (1) into the solution obtained in the step (2), magnetically stirring in a water bath for 0.5-2h, rapidly adding triethylamine, and continuously stirring for 0.5-2h. Slowly dripping tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution, and stirring in a water bath for 10-20h. Then filtering, collecting filter cake, washing, vacuum drying to obtain light blue precursor (Ni-ZIF/SiO 2).
(4) And (3) reducing the catalyst precursor (Ni-ZIF/SiO 2) obtained in the step (3) in nitrogen atmosphere at 900 ℃ to obtain the nickel catalyst loaded by silicon dioxide.
The addition ratio of the nickel acetate to the P123 to the dimethylimidazole to the triethylamine to the tetraethyl orthosilicate to the ethanol to the deionized water is (0.05-1) g (0.1-3) g (0.1-2) g (0.05-1) g (0.05-2) g (10-50) mL. Preferably (0.1-0.5) g (0.5-2) g (0.5-1) g (0.2-1) g (0.5-1) g (15-25) mL.
Further, the ultrasonic time in the step (1) is 0.1 to 1h, and the preferable result is 0.5h.
Further, the water bath temperature in step (3) is 30-50 ℃, preferably 40 ℃.
Further, the preferable results of the stirring time in the step (3) are 0.5h, 1h, 15h, respectively.
Further, the reduction process in the step (4) is as follows: heating to 400 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min in a tube furnace filled with nitrogen, preserving heat for 0.5h, then continuously heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then programming to cool to 400 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
The invention provides the silicon dioxide supported nickel catalyst prepared by the method.
The invention also provides application of the silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) in preparing 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran by hydrogenating 5-hydroxy furfural.
Adding a catalyst, water and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into a high-pressure-resistant hastelloy reaction kettle according to the dosage ratio of (10-50) mg (10-20) mL to 1mmol, sealing the reaction kettle, filling 1-50bar of hydrogen, and reacting for 1-12h at 25-60 ℃ under magnetic stirring to obtain 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran.
Preferably, it is: adding a catalyst, water and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into a high-pressure-resistant hastelloy reaction kettle according to the dosage ratio of 40mg to 10mL to 1mmol, sealing the reaction kettle, filling 40bar hydrogen, and reacting for 11h at 30 ℃ under magnetic stirring to obtain 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran.
The invention also provides an application of the silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) in catalyzing hydrogenation of unsaturated group substrates containing nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bonds and the like.
Adding a catalyst and a substrate containing unsaturated groups such as nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bonds and the like into a high-pressure-resistant hastelloy reaction kettle according to the dosage ratio (50-120 mg:5 mmol), sealing the reaction kettle, then filling 1bar-50bar hydrogen, and reacting for 1-12h under magnetic stirring at 25-80 ℃ to obtain a corresponding hydrogenation product.
Preferably, it is: adding a catalyst and a substrate containing unsaturated groups such as nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bonds and the like into a high-pressure-resistant hastelloy reaction kettle according to the proportion of 100mg to 5mmol, sealing the reaction kettle, then filling 40bar hydrogen, and reacting for 11 hours at 30-80 ℃ under magnetic stirring to obtain a corresponding hydrogenation product. The substrate containing unsaturated groups such as nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bond and the like is: Nitrobenzene,/> 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural,/>Furfural, furaldehyde,Benzaldehyde,/>Cinnamaldehyde,/>Heptanal,/>Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde,Cyclopentanone,/>1-Acetophenone,/>Any one of styrene.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. According to the invention, ni 2+ and dimethyl imidazole are coordinated to form the Ni-ZIF polymer, so that high dispersion of nickel is realized, the problem of metal migration and aggregation in the roasting reduction process is solved, meanwhile, silicon dioxide is adopted as a carrier, the content of nickel metal can be effectively reduced, the higher atom utilization rate is realized, the stability of the catalyst can be effectively improved, and the oxidation of the catalyst in air is reduced. The storage time of the catalyst is prolonged.
2. The catalyst prepared by the method is used for catalyzing the water phase hydrogenation of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Compared with the existing method, the method is relatively friendly to the environment, has milder reaction temperature, and can realize the room temperature catalysis of the non-noble metal to prepare the 2, 5-dimethylolfuran by the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
3. The catalyst can realize solvent-free hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and reduce energy consumption for separation and purification. And can catalyze unsaturated group substrates containing nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bond and the like to hydrogenate, and the catalyst has higher universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a catalyst preparation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a thermal gravimetric graph of a silica supported nickel catalyst precursor (Ni-ZIF/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD pattern) of a silica supported nickel catalyst precursor (Ni-ZIF/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-ZIF/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
FIG. 5X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD pattern) of the silica-supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
FIG. 6 Nitrogen isothermal adsorption desorption curve and pore size distribution diagram of silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron micrograph of the silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of nickel nanoparticles in a silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
FIG. 9 is a scanning electron microscope-EDS spectrum of a silica-supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1
FIG. 10X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS spectrum) Ni2p spectrum of the silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a hydrogen flooding test of the silica-supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the purified product of the solvent-free reaction of the silica-supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, reagents and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available products. The specific implementation cases are as follows:
example 1 preparation of silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2):
the reaction process shown in FIG. 1 is specifically prepared by the following method.
(1) First, 0.18 nickel acetate, 1gP123 was dissolved in 20ml ethanol solution, and ultrasound was performed for 0.5h to fully dissolve the solid and fully coordinate Ni 2+ and P123.
(2) Then, 0.8g of dimethylimidazole was dissolved in 20ml of deionized water and stirred magnetically well.
(3) And (3) rapidly pouring the solution obtained in the step (1) into the solution obtained in the step (2), magnetically stirring in a water bath for 1h, rapidly adding 0.5g of triethylamine, and continuously stirring for 1h. Slowly dripping 0.45 g or 0.9g or 1.8g tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution, and stirring in a water bath for 15h. Then, the mixture was filtered, and the cake was collected, washed with absolute ethanol and dried in vacuo at 70℃to give a pale blue precursor (Ni-ZIF/SiO 2).
(4) And (3) programming the catalyst precursor (Ni-ZIF/SiO 2) obtained in the step (3) to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min in a nitrogen atmosphere, keeping for 0.5h, continuing to heat to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, keeping for 2h, then programming to cool to 400 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the nickel catalyst loaded with silicon dioxide.
Thermogravimetric analysis was performed on the silica supported nickel catalyst precursor (Ni-ZIF/SiO 2) prepared in example 1. The resulting Ni-ZIF/SiO 2 thermal decomposition diagram is shown in FIG. 2, and the test data shows that as the temperature increases, ni-ZIF/SiO 2 has three rapid weight loss zones, 30 ℃ to 200 ℃ being the first weight loss zone, and the sample loses weight most rapidly around 197 ℃, which is probably the volatilization of water and residual P123 adsorbed by the material. The second rapid weight loss zone is 200-400 ℃, the weight loss speed is the fastest at 370 ℃, the Ni-ZIF structure may begin to collapse in the temperature zone, and partial carbon and nitrogen-containing substances begin to decompose. A rapid loss of weight peak also occurred at around 423 c, indicating further rapid collapse of the Ni-ZIF structure. Then along with the temperature rise, the weight of the material is slowly lost, the carbon material is possibly decomposed continuously at high temperature, nickel metal is reduced, the weight of Ni-ZIF/SiO2 is completely lost by 33.14 percent when the temperature reaches 900 ℃,
FIG. 3 is an XRD diffraction pattern, and physical pattern, of Ni-ZIF/SiO 2 with different nickel contents. The amount of silica obtained by hydrolysis varies with the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate used, and the nickel content of the catalyst varies with the amount of silica obtained by hydrolysis. The catalyst Ni-ZIF/SiO 2 (H) with high nickel content has darker color, 2θ= 33.84 °,60.06 ° is the relevant diffraction peak of nickel, and the peak intensity is also stronger.
FIG. 4 is an SEM characterization of a Ni-ZIF/SiO 2 catalyst, from which it can be seen that the precursors are dendritic with irregular particles cross-linked to each other, and are intricate and stacked on each other. Probably this is the reason why the specific surface area of the Ni-NC/SiO 2 catalyst is large. It is well known that catalysts have a large specific surface area and provide a large number of active sites per unit mass of catalyst in contact with the substrate, which increases the conversion rate of the substrate.
FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD pattern) of the silica-supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1. The diffraction pattern of the catalyst and the nickel PDF card were well matched by comparison with the PDF card database (JCPDS, PDF # 04-0850). Characteristic peaks 2θ=44.4 °, 51.9 °, 76.5 ° correspond to (111), (200), and (220) crystal planes of nickel, respectively, and as the nickel content increases, the intensity of diffraction peaks is also stronger. In the XRD diffractogram of the Ni-NC/SiO 2 catalyst, the strong peak 2θ=21.3° is a characteristic peak of silica. XRD results indicate that the silica supported nickel catalyst has been successfully prepared.
FIG. 6 is N 2 adsorption-desorption and pore size distribution diagrams of the silica supported nickel catalyst precursor (Ni-ZIF/SiO 2) and calcined catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1. The nitrogen adsorption isotherm of the Ni-NC/SiO 2 catalyst shows an IV type adsorption-desorption isotherm of an H4 type hysteresis loop, which indicates that mesoporous exists in the Ni-NC/SiO 2 catalyst, and the pore structure is irregular and is of a slit pore type. The specific surface area of the Ni-NC/SiO 2 catalyst after calcination is smaller than that of Ni-ZIF/SiO 2, which is probably caused by collapse of the catalyst structure during calcination.
The silica-supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1 was scanned by a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and the obtained transmission electron microscope spectra and the particle size distribution after treatment are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, from which it was found that: it is clear from the TEM image that the nickel nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the silica support, have uniform size, and do not cause obvious agglomeration. The particle size distribution of the nickel nanoparticles is shown in FIG. 8, with an average particle size of 9.26nm. Consistent with the nickel nanoparticle particles calculated using the Scherrer equation after XRD data (calculated size: 9.18 nm). It should be noted that the nickel nanoparticles in the TEM image of the Ni-NC/SiO 2 catalyst did not significantly agglomerate, which is attributable to the coordination of nickel and dimethylimidazole in the precursor, resulting in a high dispersion of nickel. It is demonstrated that highly dispersed silica supported nickel catalysts can be prepared by this method.
FIG. 9 is a scanning electron microscope-EDS spectrum of a silica-supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1. It can be seen that nickel element is uniformly distributed in the catalyst, and that part of nitrogen and carbon elements remain partially after the Ni-ZIF is roasted. This may be the reason for the high dispersion of nickel nanoparticles in the catalyst without significant agglomeration.
FIG. 10 is an X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS spectrum) Ni 2p spectrum of a silica-supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1. The peak at 852.6eV binding energy is related to metallic Ni 0, while the 855.5eV binding energy is attributable to oxidized Ni 2+ and 856.2eV binding energy is attributable to Ni-O-Si. Compared with the direct nickel loading of silicon dioxide, the Ni 0 metal content in the Ni-NC/SiO 2 catalyst is higher, the oxidation state content is only 15.5%, and the Ni-O-Si state content is also higher, which indicates that the interaction between nickel and the carrier is stronger and the nickel nano particles are more stable.
FIG. 11 shows a hydrogen flooding pattern of a silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1. Tungsten oxide is unreactive with hydrogen molecules at low temperatures (fig. 11-a, b), and high temperatures of 400 ℃ are required to react. When the Ni-NC/SiO 2 catalyst and WO 3 were mixed, the color of the mixed sample changed significantly after treatment for 10min at 30℃in a hydrogen atmosphere, from pale yellow to olive (FIG. 11-d), indicating that active hydrogen species were transferred to WO 3 under these conditions, and the catalyst indicated that hydrogen flooding occurred. And the sample was significantly darker when treated at 60 ℃ for 10min, indicating that more hydrogen was dissociated from the active sites of the catalyst under high temperature conditions, and more active hydrogen species overflowed onto WO 3, resulting in a grey-green color of the sample (fig. 11-e). When the sample was treated overnight at 30c, the color of the sample changed to dark green (fig. 11-f), which also indicated that more active hydrogen species were combined with WO 3 to form H xWO3, and experimental results confirmed that hydrogen spills were present on the catalyst surface, which could be an active center of the support and increased the contact probability between the reaction substrate and the active species, which could be one of the reasons for the high activity of the catalyst. Both increasing the temperature and extending the reaction time, more active hydrogen species can be produced, consistent with experimental data.
FIG. 12 is a purification chart of the silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1 after solvent-free reaction. Adding a catalyst and a substrate containing unsaturated groups such as nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bonds and the like into a high-pressure-resistant alloy reaction kettle according to the proportion of 100mg to 5mmol, sealing the reaction kettle, filling 40bar hydrogen, magnetically stirring, and reacting for 11h at 30-80 ℃. After the reaction is finished, other purification operations are not needed, and the product can be obtained into a pure product with higher purity through twice centrifugation.
Examples 2 to 6
The silica supported nickel catalyst prepared in example 1 (Ni-NC/SiO 2) was used for the hydrogenation of 5-hydroxyfurfural to prepare 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran, which was prepared as follows:
Ni-NC/SiO 2 catalyst (40 mg), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (1 mmol) and water (10 mL) were added to a high-pressure-resistant hastelloy reaction vessel, after the reaction vessel was sealed, the air in the reaction vessel was replaced with hydrogen for 5-6 times, then hydrogen was filled under a certain pressure, the autoclave was heated to a set temperature (e.g., 60 ℃ C.) and stirred under magnetic stirring at a rate of 1000RPM (revolutions per minute, r/min) for reaction for 5 hours. After the reaction was completed, the autoclave was cooled to room temperature and depressurized, the reaction solution was filtered with a 0.45 μm organic filter head, the reaction solution was subjected to ultra-high phase liquid chromatography (Agilent 1260), and the product was identified by a gas mass spectrometer (Trace 1300-ISQ). The reaction results of different hydrogen pressures affect the reaction rate, and are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Based on the above results, it is found that the higher the hydrogen pressure, the higher the conversion, the more 89% when the hydrogen pressure reaches 20bar, and the 99% when the hydrogen pressure reaches 30bar, so that the hydrogen pressure is preferably 20bar or more, more preferably 40bar.
Examples 7 to 11
According to the procedure and procedure of example 6, different reaction temperatures were varied to give 2, 5-furandimethanol and 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran. As shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Under the high temperature condition, the catalyst has stronger hydrogen activating capability and is more beneficial to the generation of 2, 5-dihydroxymethyl tetrahydrofuran. High conversion (99%) of HMF can be achieved at lower temperatures (25 ℃) and 62% of 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran can be obtained at 30 ℃.2, 5-dihydroxymethyl tetrahydrofuran with 86% yield can be obtained by increasing the temperature to 60 ℃. In view of energy saving and good yield of 2, 5-dihydroxymethyl tetrahydrofuran at low temperature, the subsequent study was continued at 30 ℃.
Examples 12 to 18
The same procedure and procedure as in example 8 were followed, except that the reaction temperature was fixed at 30℃and the hydrogen pressure at 40bar, and the reaction time was changed, 2.5-furandimethanol and 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran were also obtained, but the conversion and the yield were different, as shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
At the initial stage of the reaction, the HMF is rapidly converted, and the conversion rate of the HMF can reach 94% within 0.5 h. The yields of BHMF and BHMTHF were 59% and 16%, respectively, and after a reaction time of 1h, the HMF conversion was >99%, yielding 55% BHMF and 25% bhmth, further extending over time to 11h, yielding 88% BHMTHF.
Examples 19 to 28
The silica supported nickel catalyst (Ni-NC/SiO 2) prepared in example 1 is used for solvent-free catalysis of 5-hydroxy furfural and hydrogenation of unsaturated group substrates containing nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bonds and the like, and comprises the following steps: adding one of a catalyst and a substrate containing unsaturated groups such as nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bonds and the like into a Hastelloy reaction kettle with high pressure resistance according to the proportion of 100mg to 5mmol, sealing the reaction kettle, replacing air in the reaction kettle with hydrogen for 5-6 times, then filling hydrogen with certain pressure, heating the reaction kettle to a set temperature (such as 30 ℃), and stirring for reaction for 11h at the speed of 1000RPM (rotating speed per minute, r/min) under magnetic stirring. After the reaction was completed, the autoclave was cooled to room temperature and depressurized, the autoclave was opened, the reaction mixture was filtered with an organic filter head of 0.45 μm, and the reaction mixture was subjected to gas chromatography (Agilen 7890B) and the product was identified by a gas mass spectrometer (Trace 1300-ISQ). As shown in table 4:
Table 4 results of catalysts for different substrates

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing a silica supported nickel-based catalyst, comprising the steps of:
(1) Dissolving nickel acetate and P123 in ethanol solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to dissolve the solid and fully and uniformly mixing and coordinating;
(2) Dissolving dimethyl imidazole in deionized water, and magnetically stirring uniformly;
(3) Pouring the solution obtained in the step (1) into the solution obtained in the step (2) rapidly, magnetically stirring in a water bath for 0.5-2h, rapidly adding triethylamine, and continuously stirring for 0.5-2h; slowly dripping tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution, and stirring in a water bath at 30-50 ℃ for 10-20h; filtering, collecting a filter cake, washing, and vacuum drying to obtain a light blue precursor Ni-ZIF/SiO 2;
(4) Reducing the catalyst precursor Ni-ZIF/SiO 2 obtained in the step (3) in nitrogen atmosphere at 900-1000 ℃ to obtain a nickel catalyst loaded with silicon dioxide; the specific process of the reduction is as follows: heating to 400 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min in a tube furnace filled with nitrogen, preserving heat for 0.5h, then continuously heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, then cooling to 400 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a program way, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
Wherein the addition ratio of the nickel acetate to the P123 to the dimethylimidazole to the triethylamine to the tetraethyl orthosilicate to the ethanol to the deionized water is 0.05-1g to 0.1-3g to 0.1-2g to 0.05-1g to 0.05-2g to 10-50mL.
2. The method for preparing a silica-supported nickel-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic time in the step (1) is 0.1 to 1h;
The water bath temperature in the step (3) is 40 ℃;
and (3) stirring for 0.5h, 1h and 15h respectively.
3. The method for preparing a silica supported nickel-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the addition ratio of the nickel acetate to the P123 to the dimethylimidazole to the triethylamine to the tetraethyl orthosilicate to the ethanol to the deionized water is 0.1-0.5g to 0.5-2g to 0.5-1g to 0.2-1g to 0.5-1g to 15-25mL.
4. The method for preparing a silica supported nickel-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic time in the step (1) is 0.5h.
5. A silica-supported nickel-based catalyst obtained by the method for producing a silica-supported nickel-based catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The use of the silica supported nickel catalyst according to claim 5 in the preparation of 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran by hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
Adding a catalyst, water and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into a high-pressure-resistant hastelloy reaction kettle according to the dosage ratio of 10-50mg to 10-20mL to 1mmol, sealing the reaction kettle, then filling 1bar-50bar hydrogen, and reacting for 1-12h under the conditions of magnetic stirring and 25-80 ℃ to obtain 2, 5-dimethyloltetrahydrofuran.
8. The use of the silica supported nickel catalyst according to claim 5 for catalyzing hydrogenation of substrates containing nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bond unsaturated groups.
9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
Adding a catalyst and a substrate containing nitro, carbonyl and carbon double bond unsaturated groups into a high-pressure-resistant hastelloy reaction kettle according to the proportion of 50-120mg to 5mmol, sealing the reaction kettle, filling 1bar-50bar hydrogen, and reacting for 1-12h under the conditions of magnetic stirring and 25-80 ℃ to obtain a corresponding hydrogenation product.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the substrate containing nitro, carbonyl, carbon-carbon double bond unsaturated groups is: Nitrobenzene,/> 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural,/>Furfural,/>Benzaldehyde,/>Cinnamaldehyde,/>Heptanal,/>Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde,/>Cyclopentanone (C),1-Acetophenone,/>Any one of styrene.
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