CN116569693A - Saline-alkali soil salt-reducing quality-improving yield-increasing method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil salt-reducing quality-improving yield-increasing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116569693A CN116569693A CN202310615142.8A CN202310615142A CN116569693A CN 116569693 A CN116569693 A CN 116569693A CN 202310615142 A CN202310615142 A CN 202310615142A CN 116569693 A CN116569693 A CN 116569693A
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- salt
- saline
- soil
- alkali soil
- field
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for saline-alkali soil, which belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement and comprises the following steps: deeply turning and returning the straw to the field after the previous crop is harvested, and then airing the furrow and carrying out rotary tillage on the furrow layer for fermentation; before preparing to sow, carrying out field soaking treatment and salt adjusting leaching treatment on a sowing field; fertilizing and preparing soil in the sowing field, then planting crop cultivation seedlings and performing field management; after the crops are ripe, carrying out whole plant harvesting, then spraying amino acid mother liquor diluent into the sowing field, and carrying out harvesting and repairing procedures of turning harrow arrangement; and when the crop cultivation seedlings are cultivated in the seedling stage, salt tolerance induction treatment is carried out by adopting sodium salt solution. The method has remarkable effects of reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield, improves the soil structure and microbial environment of the saline-alkali soil, reduces the pH value of the soil, improves the fertility of the soil, reduces the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improves the salt tolerance of crops, and promotes the growth and quality improvement, the resistance to saline-alkali stress and the high yield and income of the crops in the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a saline-alkali soil salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method.
Background
The problems of soil salinization and secondary salinization are widely existed worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid regions, and are more serious. In the process of utilizing the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil can be simply classified into light saline-alkali soil, medium saline-alkali soil and heavy saline-alkali soil. The mild saline-alkali soil means that the emergence rate is 70-80%, and the salt content is less than three thousandths; the severe saline-alkali soil means that the salt content exceeds six thousandths, and the emergence rate is lower than 50%; the middle block is the moderate saline-alkali soil. Expressed in terms of pH: the pH value of the mild saline-alkali soil is as follows: 7.1-8.5, the pH value of the moderate saline-alkali soil is: 8.5-9.5, the pH value of the severe saline-alkali soil is: 9.5 or more. The research shows that when the salt content in the soil is 0.3-1.0%, the yield of crops is reduced by about 95%.
When plants are planted in the saline-alkali soil, the influence of saline-alkali stress on plant roots is larger than that on the overground parts of the plants, the passive absorption of the roots is increased in the soil environment containing high-concentration saline-alkali ions, excessive salt enters the plant body, normal physiological and biochemical activities of the roots are not facilitated, the substances such as amino acid, hormone and the like are provided for the overground parts, and then the growth and development of the plants are affected. And when the salt content of the soil exceeds one thousandth, the soil has an inhibition effect on the growth of plants, for example, for gramineous crops, the initial grouting time is early, the grouting speed is slow, the dry matter accumulation is reduced under the condition that the grouting peak time is shortened, and the blank and shrunken grains are easily formed in advance or after the growth period, so that the yield and quality of the crops are affected. In addition, the salt in the saline-alkali soil is reserved on the surface layer of the soil, so that the soil is hardened, the cultivated layer of the saline-alkali soil becomes shallow, the plow layer becomes thicker and moves upwards, the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, capillary pores are small, precipitation is not easy to infiltrate downwards, the soil moisture replenishment degree is shallow, and the harvest and yield increase are seriously restricted. Although in the conventional cases, the applied fertilizer can improve the plant yield to a certain extent, most of the applied fertilizer is fixed by soil except for being partially absorbed by crops in the season, and the physical and chemical properties of soil ventilation, water permeability and the like are poor, so that acid salt deposition, soil hardening and the soil productivity are reduced in the long term, so that the saline-alkali soil productivity is improved by the fertilizer only, the productivity of the saline-alkali soil is far insufficient, and the common chemical soil conditioner cannot play a role due to the problem of salt retention, so that the saline-alkali soil belongs to a typical low-medium yield field type.
At present, the measures for treating the saline-alkali soil mainly comprise four aspects of water conservancy improvement measures (irrigation, drainage, siltation, rice planting, seepage prevention and the like), agricultural improvement measures (land leveling, improvement cultivation, soil application, fertilization, sowing, rotation, interplanting and the like), biological improvement measures (salt-tolerant plant and pasture, green manure, tree planting and the like) and chemical improvement measures (application of improvement substances such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite and the like). Because each measure has a certain application range and conditions, the spread and development of soil salinization cannot be fundamentally solved. However, the water conservancy improvement measures, the agricultural improvement measures, the chemical improvement measures and the biological improvement measures all have the problems of single function and unstable effect, and focus is on solving the soil problem, so that whether the subsequent improved soil can be practically used for planting, can be fully developed and utilized, and can achieve the effects of salt reduction, quality improvement and yield increase in plant planting is not studied too much, and the problems of improvement and utilization of the saline-alkali soil are not fundamentally solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a saline-alkali soil salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method with good desalination effect and capability of improving the capability of resisting saline-alkali stress of plants, which is used for solving the problems of low plant yield and poor quality caused by poor saline-alkali soil structure and poor desalination and salt-reducing effect in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: deeply turning and returning the straw to the field after the previous crop is harvested, and then airing the furrow and carrying out rotary tillage on the furrow layer for fermentation; before preparing to sow, carrying out field soaking treatment and salt adjusting leaching treatment on a sowing field; fertilizing and preparing soil in the sowing field, then planting crop cultivation seedlings and performing field management; and, harvesting and digging the whole plant after the crops are ripe, and then spraying an amino acid mother liquor diluent into the sowing land and performing harvesting and repairing procedures of turning and harrowing; when the crop cultivation seedlings are cultivated in the seedling stage, salt tolerance induction treatment is carried out by adopting sodium salt solution; the salt tolerance induction treatment comprises the following steps: intermittently spraying sodium salt solution with concentration of 0.05-0.5wt% to the root of seedling.
According to the technical scheme, the soil structure of the saline-alkali soil is improved through cultivation layer fermentation and soil preparation and fertilizer preparation before sowing, the organic matter and nutrient content of the soil are improved through microbial agents and bacterial fertilizers, the microbial environment in the soil is improved, salt tolerance induction is carried out on crop cultivation seedlings, the seedlings form stable salt tolerance and salt resistance, immunity protein and stress-resistant foliar fertilizers are matched during the growth of crops to enhance the saline-alkali resistance of the crops, salt reduction improvement and quality improvement and yield increase are carried out on the saline-alkali soil from multiple aspects, the consumption of fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and soil improvement and nutrient substances are provided for subsequent planting after the harvesting of previous crops, so that the method is suitable for being carried out on various saline-alkali soil.
Further setting that in the salt tolerance induction treatment step, the spraying interval time of the sodium salt solution is 3-5 days, the spraying amount is 1-2 mL/plant, and the total salt tolerance induction period is 30 days; the sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. In the seedling growth stage, sodium salt solution is used for salt tolerance strengthening of seedlings, so that crops can form stable salt tolerance and salt tolerance in the seedling stage, the obtained cultivated seedlings can also quickly adapt to the soil environment of saline-alkali soil, and impact and poison caused by high-concentration salt to the cultivated seedlings can be reduced, thereby improving the salt tolerance of crops and being beneficial to quality improvement and yield increase of crops.
The cultivation layer fermentation process further comprises the following steps: after the previous crop is harvested, crop straws are collected and crushed into straw residues with the length of 5-10cm, then the straw residues are mixed with livestock manure and amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained returning materials are deeply turned into the field, and rotary tillage is carried out after sunning for 10-15 days. Straw residues and livestock manure are returned to the field, and straw and livestock manure can be subjected to cultivation layer fermentation under the soil, so that a humus layer is formed in the soil, the soil structure is effectively broken, accumulation of soil salinity to the cultivation layer is inhibited, rich carbon, mineral substances, microorganisms and the like can be provided, the soil fertility consumed by previous crops is complemented, the soil fertility and the health are recovered, and suitable soil environment conditions are provided for realizing high quality and high yield of crops. The upturned soil is favorable for activating soil and improving nutrients, and the rotary tillage can achieve better effect of activating soil and penetrating salt, thereby being beneficial to realizing yield increase.
The straw returning amount is 300-500 kg/mu; the application amount of the livestock manure is 100-200 kg/mu; in the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the dosage of the amino acid mother liquor is 500-600 kg/mu, and the dilution is 500-1000 times. Preferably, the amino acid mother liquor is valine mother liquor. The amino acid mother liquor produced in the production of amino acid is rich in nutrient substances, and the application of the dilution liquid of the amino acid mother liquor can improve the soil environment of saline-alkali soil, promote the growth and propagation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, promote the healthy growth of plants, improve the taste of crops, strengthen the autoimmunity of crops, improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops and be beneficial to the yield maintenance and increase of crops.
The method is further characterized in that the step of the improvement procedure before sowing is as follows: before preparing to sow, applying microbial agent to the sowing field along with water, soaking the sowing field for 3-5 days, draining water after the soaking, mixing surface soil with the thickness of 5-10cm on the surface layer of the sowing field with the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, coating the film, preserving moisture for 1-3 days, and leaching the surface soil layer.
The microbial inoculum adopted in the field soaking treatment comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus FM4B; the viable count in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/mL, and the pH value of the microbial agent is not more than 4.3; the microbial agent is used in an amount of 2-4 kg/mu. The microbial agent can promote the beneficial biological bacterial count in soil, strengthen the soil aggregate structure and stimulate the root growth of crops through the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and simultaneously can inhibit the spread of soil-borne diseases such as fusarium and reduce the use amount of chemical pesticides.
The method is further characterized in that the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is diluted by 500-1000 times when in use, and the use amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is 1-3g/kg for mild saline-alkali soil, 3-6g/kg for moderate saline-alkali soil and 6-10g/kg for severe saline-alkali soil. The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer contains a large amount of active calcium, can provide a large amount of free active calcium ions for soil, and the active calcium ions fully react with free sodium bicarbonate, carbonate ions, sulfate ions and the like in the soil to displace sodium ions, and are discharged with water after leaching treatment, so that the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil are reduced, the effects of reducing salt and alkali are achieved, other nutrients, trace elements and the like in the soil are supplemented, the structural property of the soil is improved, the permeability and the water holding capacity of the soil are enhanced, and the salinization degree of saline-alkali soil is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, a small amount of activated calcium is enriched in the soil and can be directly absorbed by crops, so that the environment is not polluted, and the growth of the crops can be promoted.
Further provided that in the fertilizing step of the fattening cultivation process, chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers are applied; the fertilizer comprises 20-25 kg/mu of urea, 15-20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate; the microbial fertilizer is used in an amount of 50-80 kg/mu.
The method is further characterized in that in the field management of the fattening cultivation procedure, immunity protein is applied for 1-2 times in the early growth period of crops, and immunity protein and stress-resistant foliar fertilizer are applied for 1-3 times in the middle and later growth periods; the immunity protein is superfine Alternaria alternata activating protein, the usage amount of the immunity protein is 5-10 kg/mu, and the immunity protein is diluted 750-1000 times for spraying; the usage amount of the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is 50-60 mL/mu, and the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is sprayed after being diluted 1000 times.
Preferably, the immune protein is applied in 750-fold dilution in the early stage of crop growth and in 1000-fold dilution in the middle and later stage of growth. The Alternaria tenuissima activated protein is a single and stable protein with biological activity, which is extracted by Alternaria tenuissima fermentation, and the immunity protein can excite and induce the crop to generate broad-spectrum immunity resistance to the diseases and insect damages, obviously reduce the pesticide usage amount, excite the stress resistance of the crops, enhance the drought resistance, cold resistance and salt and alkali resistance of the crops, promote the robust growth of the crops, and finally achieve the effects of yield maintenance and income increase.
In the process of fattening cultivation, the fertilizer, the microbial fertilizer, the immunity protein and the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer are used together, so that abundant macroelements, microelements, organic matters and beneficial bacteria are supplemented into the soil, the soil fertility is improved, the beneficial microorganism amount of the soil is increased, the soil activating capacity is improved, the salt stress is relieved, the root growth of crops in a saline-alkali environment is promoted, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.
Further setting that in the recovery and repair process, the dosage of the amino acid mother liquor in the amino acid mother liquor diluent is 300-500 kg/mu, and the dilution is 500-1000 times.
The method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of the saline-alkali soil is further provided, and the method is suitable for planting crops such as saline-alkali soil, salinized soil and alkaline soil.
Compared with the prior art, the saline-alkali soil salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method provided by the invention has the advantages that:
1) Soil structure of saline-alkali soil is improved by cultivating layer fermentation and soil preparation and fertilizer application before sowing, salt segregation and surface aggregation of soil are effectively inhibited, soil permeability is increased, and good soil environment is created for crop growth. The microbial agent and the bacterial fertilizer containing the microorganisms improve the organic matter and nutrient content of soil, improve the microbial environment in the soil, fertilize the soil fertility, enhance the disease resistance through reasonable topdressing, and promote the growth and quality improvement, the saline-alkali stress resistance and the high yield and income increase of saline-alkali soil crops. The acidic and nutrient-rich amino acid mother liquor diluent is supplemented into the saline-alkali soil after cultivation layer fermentation and harvesting, which is beneficial to reducing the pH value of soil and improving the fertility of the soil, promoting the growth and development of crops and increasing the yield of crops.
2) The microbial agent containing the microorganism and the bioactive acid generated by the microorganism in the bacterial fertilizer can effectively neutralize alkaline components in soil, promote the activity of soil beneficial bacteria, inhibit the activity of soil harmful bacteria, effectively promote the growth and improve the disease resistance of crops by utilizing active substances secreted by the microorganism, reduce the salt content of the soil and improve the bioactivity, and enhance the soil fertility preservation capability.
3) According to the method, salt tolerance induction is carried out on the cultivated seedlings of crops during cultivation, and saline-alkali stress is carried out on the cultivated seedlings to promote the transfer of crop cells from primary metabolism to secondary metabolism, so that resistant substances and immune substances are accumulated, the crops can form stable salt tolerance and salt tolerance in the seedling stage, the stress tolerance and the salt tolerance of the crops are improved, and a guarantee is provided for high quality and high yield of the crops in saline-alkali soil.
4) The method is used for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of the saline-alkali soil, has remarkable effect of reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield, greatly uses biological reagents, reduces the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduces the ecological toxicity, provides soil improvement and nutrient substances for subsequent planting after the harvesting of the previous crops, and is suitable for being pushed to various saline-alkali soil.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different methods on POD enzyme activity of maize leaves;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different methods on CAT enzyme activity of maize leaves;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different methods on SOD enzyme activity of corn leaves;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different methods on MDA content of corn leaves.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are also within the scope of the invention.
The test materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Those of skill in the art, without any particular mention of the techniques or conditions, may follow the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or follow the product specifications.
In a specific embodiment, the salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps of:
1) And (3) cultivating layer fermentation: after the previous crop is harvested, crop straws are collected and crushed into straw residues with the length of 5-10cm, then the straw residues are mixed with livestock manure and amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained returning materials are deeply turned into the field, and rotary tillage is carried out after sunning for 10-15 days.
The amino acid mother solution in the amino acid mother solution dilution refers to concentrated solution remained after removing mycoprotein and purifying amino acid from fermentation liquor of amino acid producing bacteria.
The method for crushing the straw is not particularly limited, and the method for crushing the straw conventionally in the art can be adopted. The method for returning the deep ploughed field is not particularly limited, and the method for returning the deep ploughed field in the conventional field can be adopted, and similarly, the method for returning the deep rotary tillage is not particularly limited, and the method for realizing the deep rotary tillage effect in the conventional field can be adopted.
2) Improvement before sowing: before preparing to sow, applying microbial agent to the sowing field along with water, soaking the sowing field for 3-5 days, draining water after the soaking, mixing surface soil with the thickness of 5-10cm on the surface layer of the sowing field with the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, coating the film, preserving moisture for 1-3 days, and leaching the surface soil layer.
The microbial agent further comprises: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 50g/L, the free amino acid is more than or equal to 50g/L, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 100g/L.
As a preferred implementation mode, in the moderate or severe saline-alkali soil, inorganic acid is added when the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is mixed with the surface soil layer, and the using amount of the inorganic acid is 5-20 mL/mu. The inorganic acid is one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Inorganic acid is added when the salinity of the surface soil layer is regulated by using the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, so that the saline-alkali soil with different salt damage degrees can be pertinently improved, and the alkalinity of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is reduced.
In specific implementation, the pre-seeding soil preparation step may be repeated 2-5 times.
3) And (3) fattening cultivation: after chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers are applied to the sowing lands by adopting a ridge grinding machine, soil preparation is carried out according to the type of crops to be planted, then cultivation seedlings of the crops are planted, field management is carried out according to the habit of the crops, 1-2 times of immunity proteins are applied in the early growth stage of the crops, and the immunity proteins and the stress-resistant foliar fertilizers are applied in the middle and later growth stage for 1-3 times. The fertilizer and the microbial fertilizer are fully and uniformly mixed with the soil of the plough layer in a mode of ridge cultivation, so that the fertilizer loss can be reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the plant rhizosphere microecological environment can be deeply improved, and meanwhile, the ventilation and water permeability effects of ridge cultivation are utilized, so that the permeability of the soil is enhanced, the water retention and water seepage capabilities are greatly improved, good water conditions are provided for the growth of the root system of the plant, and the aim of remarkably increasing the yield is fulfilled.
The stress-resistant foliar fertilizer also comprises: iron is more than or equal to 5g/L, zinc is more than or equal to 15g/L, boron is more than or equal to 5g/L, manganese is more than or equal to 5g/L, proline is more than or equal to 20g/L, and free amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L.
In the microbial fertilizer, the total viable count of microorganisms is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g, bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, free amino acid is more than or equal to 50g/L, arginine is more than or equal to 10g/L, and aspartic acid is more than or equal to 10g/L.
As a preferred embodiment, the continuous cropping agent can be applied to the sowing field at the sowing time of crops, the application amount is 2-4 kg/mu, and the continuous cropping agent is mixed with immune protein for application or root irrigation application. The continuous cropping resistant agent contains abundant continuous cropping resistant and disease resistant microorganisms, can be fixedly propagated around root systems, can generate organic metabolites, improves soil environment and increases organic matter content.
Examples of soil preparation include, but are not limited to, ridging, bed making, flat making, ridging, and the like. Examples of crops include, but are not limited to, sunflower, capsicum, sorghum, cabbage, maize, tomato, licorice, melon, and the like.
4) And (5) harvesting and repairing: after the crops are ripe, the crops are picked and dug in whole plants, the straws are recovered uniformly, then amino acid mother liquor diluent is sprayed into the sowing field, and rake turning and finishing are carried out, so that one round of cultivation is completed. After crops are harvested, the harrows are turned over to sow the soil, so that soil hardening can be broken, and the conduction and accumulation of underground salt along capillary holes of the soil to the ground are blocked. The diluted liquid of the amino acid mother solution is applied to the soil, the improvement and the treatment of the saline-alkali soil are realized by utilizing the acidic substances in the amino acid mother solution, the variety of the nutrient substances in the amino acid mother solution is rich, the total nitrogen content of the soil can be improved, the pH value and the total salt content of the soil can be reduced, the germination and the growth of crops can be promoted, and the effect of providing the soil improvement and the nutrient substances for the subsequent planting after the harvesting of the previous crop is achieved.
As a preferred embodiment, the cultivation steps of the cultivated seedlings are as follows:
1) Accelerating germination: washing seeds, soaking the seeds in 2-5wt% acetic acid solution for 3-6 hr, fishing out and washing, soaking the seeds in gibberellin solution of 30-100mg/L for 6-12 hr, and conventional germination accelerating and seedling raising. The physical dormancy of the seed coats can be effectively broken by soaking the seeds in the acetic acid solution, acid etching of the seeds by hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid can be avoided, the physiological activity inhibition caused by endogenous substances of the seed coats can be effectively reduced by gibberellin, the germination of the seeds is accelerated, and the germination rate of the seeds is improved.
2) Salt tolerance induction: intermittently spraying sodium salt solution with concentration of 0.05-0.5wt% to root of seedling for 3-5 days, wherein the spraying amount is 1-2 mL/plant, and the salt tolerance induction period is 30 days. The sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
3) Strengthening seedlings: after the induction is finished, transplanting the seedlings into a culture medium, then watering the seedlings with a carbendazim solution which is diluted by 800-1000 times for rooting, performing conventional field planting culture until 15 days before the seedlings are used, and then performing salt tolerance induction in the step 2) on the field planting seedlings to obtain the culture seedlings.
Under the saline-alkali stress environment, seedlings and crops can not only be inhibited in photosynthesis and growth, but also easily cause membranous peroxidation due to the fact that a large amount of active oxygen is generated in the body, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a main product of membranous lipid peroxidation and is one of marks for measuring membranous lipid peroxidation, and the higher the value is, the higher the peroxidation degree of membranous lipid is, and the more serious is the damage of the membranous lipid. Thus, as a further improvement to the foregoing implementation, in the salt tolerance induction step, after each spraying of the sodium salt solution, the salt stress relieving agent is sprayed at the same site; and/or, drip irrigation of the roots of the crops by using a salt stress relieving agent in the middle and later periods of the crop growth, wherein the application times are 2-3. The salt stress relieving agent contains tannic acid 0.1-0.5wt% and oxadiazon acid 0.3-1.0wt% and water as solvent. The usage amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 30-50 mL/mu, and the salt stress relieving agent is diluted by 10-50 times for use.
The components in the salt stress relieving agent act synergistically, the permeability of cells can be reduced after the salt stress relieving agent permeates into the cells of the crops, and the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) are improved to keep the balance of free radical generation and removal in the cells, so that the generation of membrane lipid Malondialdehyde (MDA) is inhibited, the cell membrane lipid peroxidation damage under the saline-alkali stress is relieved, the oxidation resistance defense level and the saline-alkali resistance of the crops are improved, and the quality improvement and the yield increase of the crops in the saline-alkali soil cultivation are facilitated.
On the basis of the method, the invention also provides application of the salt-tolerant induction treatment crop seedling in crop cultivation in saline-alkali soil, and in the crop seedling stage, sodium salt solution with the concentration of 0.05-0.5wt% is intermittently sprayed to the root of the seedling, the spraying interval time is 3-5 days, the spraying amount is 1-2 mL/plant, and the salt-tolerant induction period is 30 days. The sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
Further, the invention also provides application of the salt stress relieving agent in salt stress resistance of crops, and the salt stress relieving agent is used for drip irrigation of the roots of the crops in the middle and later periods of crop growth. The salt stress relieving agent contains tannic acid 0.1-0.5wt% and oxadiazon acid 0.3-1.0wt% and water as solvent. The usage amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 30-50 mL/mu, the salt stress relieving agent is diluted by 10-50 times, and the application times are 2-3 times. The salt stress relieving agent can inhibit the generation of membrane lipid peroxide Malondialdehyde (MDA) by improving the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) so as to improve the oxidation resistance and the saline-alkali resistance of crops, and does not have any potential safety hazard or risk of mutagenizing germplasm genes, thereby achieving the purposes of improving quality and increasing yield of the crops in saline-alkali soil.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the examples, valine mother liquor was purchased from Bayan Hua Heng Biotech Co., ltd, and in valine mother liquor, valine content was 42g/L, aspartic acid content was 5g/L, threonine content was 1g/L, glutamic acid content was 10g/L, glycine content was 3g/L, alanine content was 5g/L, tyrosine content was 1g/L, phenylalanine content was 1g/L, arginine content was 1g/L, free amino acid content was 69%, pH was 5.1 (detection method NY 1429-2010). Microbial agents and microbial fertilizers were purchased from bayan, boeher Hua Heng biotechnology limited. The stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is a Fengshibao amino acid water-soluble fertilizer purchased from Qin Royal Fengshui biotechnology development Co.
Example 1:
a salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) cultivating layer fermentation: after the previous crop is harvested, crop straws are collected and crushed into 5cm straw residues, then the 5cm straw residues are mixed with livestock manure and an amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained returning material is deeply turned into the field, and rotary tillage is carried out after 10 days of sunning upturned soil. In deep ploughing returning fields, the depth of deep ploughing of the soil is 20cm; the depth of rotary tillage is 40cm. The returning amount of the straw is 300 kg/mu; the application amount of the livestock manure is 100 kg/mu; in the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the dosage of the amino acid mother liquor is 500 kg/mu, and the dilution is 500 times; the amino acid mother liquor is valine mother liquor.
2) Improvement before sowing: before preparing to sow, applying microbial inoculum along with water into a sowing field, performing field soaking treatment for 3 days, draining water after the field soaking is finished, then mixing surface soil with the surface layer thickness of 5cm of the sowing field with a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, coating a film for preserving moisture for 1 day, and performing leaching treatment on the surface soil layer.
The microbial agents adopted in the field soaking treatment comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus FM4B; the viable count in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/mL, and the pH value of the microbial agent is not more than 4.3. The microbial inoculum is used in an amount of 2 kg/mu. The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is diluted by 500 times when in use. The usage amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is 1g/kg for mild saline-alkali soil, 3g/kg for moderate saline-alkali soil and 6g/kg for severe saline-alkali soil.
3) Cultivating cultivation seedlings:
3.1 Germination accelerating: cleaning tomato seeds, soaking the tomato seeds in 2wt% acetic acid solution for 3 hours, fishing out and cleaning the tomato seeds, soaking the tomato seeds in gibberellin solution with the concentration of 30mg/L for 6 hours, and then carrying out conventional germination acceleration and seedling culture.
3.2 Salt tolerance induction: when the seeds germinate and form 2 pairs of young leaves, the seedlings are grouped, the number of each group of seedlings is the same (50 plants), 3 repeats are arranged, and different salt tolerance induction tests are started until the induction period is over. The sodium salt solution is sodium chloride solution.
The salt tolerance induction tests are specifically as follows:
3.2.1 Control group): no salt tolerance induction treatment was performed as a control.
3.2.2 Induction of 1 group: intermittently spraying sodium salt solution with concentration of 0.1wt% to the root of seedling for 3 days, wherein the spraying amount is 1 mL/plant, and the salt tolerance induction period is 30 days.
3.2.3 Induction of 2 groups: continuously spraying sodium salt solution with the concentration of 0.1wt% to the roots of the seedlings every day, wherein the spraying amount is 1 mL/plant, and the salt tolerance induction period is 30 days.
3.2.4 Induction of 3 groups: intermittently spraying sodium salt solution with concentration of 0.1wt% to the root of seedling for 3 days, wherein the spraying amount is 1 mL/plant, and the salt tolerance induction period is 40 days.
3.2.5 Induction 4 groups: intermittently spraying sodium salt solution with concentration of 0.1wt% to the root of seedling for 3 days, wherein the spraying amount is 1 mL/plant, and the salt tolerance induction period is 20 days.
3.3 Strong seedling: after the induction is finished, transplanting the seedlings into a culture medium, then thoroughly watering fixed roots by using a carbendazim solution which is diluted by 800 times, performing conventional field planting culture until 15 days before the seedlings are used, and then performing salt tolerance induction in the step 3.2) on the field planting seedlings to obtain the tomato culture seedlings.
4) And (3) fattening cultivation: after chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers are applied to the sowing lands by adopting a ridge grinding machine, soil preparation is carried out according to the type of crops to be planted, then cultivation seedlings of the crops are planted, field management is carried out according to the habit of the crops, 1 time of immunity protein is applied in the early growth stage of the crops, and 1 time of immunity protein and stress-resistant foliar fertilizer are applied in the middle and later growth stages.
The immunity protein is superfine Alternaria alternata activating protein; the amount of the immune protein is 5 kg/mu, and the immune protein is diluted and applied at 750 times of the early stage of the growth of crops and 1000 times of the early stage of the growth. The usage amount of the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is 50 mL/mu, and the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is sprayed after being diluted 1000 times. The chemical fertilizer comprises urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the usage amounts of the chemical fertilizer are 20 kg/mu of urea, 15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate respectively. The microbial fertilizer is used in an amount of 50 kg/mu.
After the tomato cultivated seedlings obtained by different salt tolerance induction tests are planted for 15 days, the survival rate and the salt adaptation capacity of the seedlings are checked and counted, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 survival rate and salt tolerance statistics of salt tolerance induction treatments
| Salt tolerance induction treatment | Survival rate is% | Salt adaptation ability | |
| Control group | No induction | 56.7 | Weak and weak |
| Induction group 1 | Intermittently spraying for 30 days at intervals of 3 days | 95.3 | Strong strength |
| Induction group 2 | Continuously spraying, co-sprayingFor 30 days | 64.7 | Medium and medium |
| Induction 3 groups | Intermittent spraying for 3 days at intervals of 40 days | 78.6 | Medium and medium |
| Induction group 4 | Intermittently spraying for 3 days at intervals of 20 days | 72.7 | Medium and medium |
Note that: the survival rate is more than or equal to 80 percent, the salt adaptation capability is strong, the survival rate is less than or equal to 60 percent, the salt adaptation capability is moderate, and the survival rate is less than 60 percent, the salt adaptation capability is weak.
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the influence of different salt tolerance induction treatments on the survival rate of cultivated seedlings is different, and compared with the non-induction treatment, the survival rate of crops in saline-alkali soil can be remarkably improved by spraying the roots of the seedlings with low-concentration sodium salt solution. The survival rate of the intermittently sprayed cultivation seedlings is higher than that of the continuously sprayed cultivation seedlings, the induction time is too short or too long, the induction of the salt tolerance and the salt tolerance is not facilitated, and the activity rate and the salt tolerance are positively correlated, so that the induction effect of the induction group 1 is optimal, the salt tolerance and the salt tolerance of the cultivation seedlings are strongest, the salt tolerance and the salt tolerance are enhanced, and the improvement of the yield and the quality of the cultivation seedlings in the saline-alkali soil is facilitated.
5) And (5) harvesting and repairing: after the crops are ripe, the crops are picked and dug in whole plants, the straws are recovered uniformly, then amino acid mother liquor diluent is sprayed into the sowing field, and rake turning and finishing are carried out, so that one round of cultivation is completed. In the amino acid mother solution diluent, the dosage of the amino acid solution is 300 kg/mu, and the dilution is 500 times.
Example 2:
a salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) cultivating layer fermentation: after the previous crop is harvested, crop straws are collected and crushed into 10cm straw residues, then the 10cm straw residues are mixed with livestock manure and an amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained returning material is deeply turned into the field, and rotary tillage is carried out after upturned for 15 days. In deep ploughing returning fields, the depth of deep ploughing of soil is 30cm; the depth of rotary tillage is 50cm. The returning amount of the straw is 500 kg/mu; the application amount of the livestock manure is 200 kg/mu; in the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the dosage of the amino acid mother liquor is 600 kg/mu, and the dilution is 1000 times; the amino acid mother liquor is valine mother liquor.
2) Improvement before sowing: before preparing to sow, applying microbial agent to the sowing field along with water, performing field soaking treatment for 5 days, draining after the field soaking is finished, then mixing surface soil with the thickness of 10cm on the surface layer of the sowing field with a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, coating a film for moisturizing for 3 days, and then performing leaching treatment on the surface soil layer.
The microbial agents adopted in the field soaking treatment comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus FM4B; the viable count in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/mL, and the pH value of the microbial agent is not more than 4.3. The microbial inoculum is used in an amount of 4 kg/mu. The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is diluted 1000 times when in use. The usage amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is 3g/kg for mild saline-alkali soil, 6g/kg for moderate saline-alkali soil and 10g/kg for severe saline-alkali soil.
3) Cultivating cultivation seedlings:
3.1 Germination accelerating: after the seeds are washed clean, the seeds are soaked in 5wt% acetic acid solution for 6 hours, and after the seeds are fished out and washed, the seeds are soaked in gibberellin solution with the concentration of 100mg/L for 12 hours, and then the seeds are subjected to conventional germination accelerating seedling culture.
3.2 Salt tolerance induction: intermittently spraying sodium salt solution with concentration of 0.5wt% to the root of seedling for 30 days at intervals of 5 days with spraying amount of 2 mL/plant. The sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride.
3.3 Strong seedling: after the induction is finished, transplanting the seedlings into a culture medium, then thoroughly watering fixed roots by using a carbendazim solution which is diluted by 1000 times, performing conventional field planting culture until 15 days before the seedlings are used, and then performing salt tolerance induction in the step 3.2) on the field planting seedlings to obtain the culture seedlings.
4) And (3) fattening cultivation: after chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers are applied to the sowing lands by adopting a ridge grinding machine, soil preparation is carried out according to the type of crops to be planted, then cultivation seedlings of the crops are planted, field management is carried out according to the habit of the crops, 2 times of immunity proteins are applied in the early growth stage of the crops, and the immunity proteins and stress-resistant foliar fertilizers are applied in the middle and later growth stages, wherein the application times are 3 times.
The immunity protein is superfine Alternaria alternata activating protein; the amount of the immune protein is 10 kg/mu, and the immune protein is diluted and applied at 750 times of the early stage of the growth of crops and 1000 times of the early stage of the growth. The usage amount of the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is 60 mL/mu, and the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is sprayed after being diluted 1000 times. The chemical fertilizer comprises urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the usage amounts of the chemical fertilizer are 25 kg/mu of urea, 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate respectively. The microbial fertilizer is used in an amount of 80 kg/mu.
5) And (5) harvesting and repairing: after the crops are ripe, the crops are picked and dug in whole plants, the straws are recovered uniformly, then amino acid mother liquor diluent is sprayed into the sowing field, and rake turning and finishing are carried out, so that one round of cultivation is completed. In the amino acid mother solution diluent, the dosage of the amino acid solution is 500 kg/mu, and the dilution is 1000 times.
Example 3:
a salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) cultivating layer fermentation: after the previous crop is harvested, crop straws are collected and crushed into straw residues of 8cm, then the straw residues are mixed with livestock manure and an amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained returning materials are deeply turned into the field, and rotary tillage is carried out after 13 days of sunning upturned soil. In deep ploughing returning fields, the depth of deep ploughing of soil is 25cm; the depth of rotary tillage is 45cm. The returning amount of the straw is 400 kg/mu; the application amount of the livestock manure is 150 kg/mu; in the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the dosage of the amino acid mother liquor is 550 kg/mu, and the dilution is 1000 times; the amino acid mother liquor is valine mother liquor.
2) Improvement before sowing: before preparing to sow, applying microbial inoculum along with water into a sowing field, performing field soaking treatment for 4 days, draining after the field soaking is finished, then mixing surface soil with the thickness of 8cm on the surface layer of the sowing field with a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, coating a film for moisturizing for 2 days, and performing leaching treatment on the surface soil layer. The microbial inoculum is used in an amount of 3 kg/mu. The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is diluted 1000 times when in use. The usage amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is 2g/kg for mild saline-alkali soil, 5g/kg for moderate saline-alkali soil and 8g/kg for severe saline-alkali soil.
3) Cultivating cultivation seedlings:
3.1 Germination accelerating: after the seeds are washed clean, the seeds are soaked in 3.5wt% acetic acid solution for 4.5 hours, taken out and washed, soaked in gibberellin solution with the concentration of 60mg/L for 10 hours, and then the seedlings are sprouted conventionally.
3.2 Salt tolerance induction: intermittently spraying sodium salt solution with concentration of 0.25wt% to the root of seedling for 4 days, with spraying amount of 1.5 mL/plant, and salt tolerance induction period of 30 days. The sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride.
3.3 Strong seedling: after the induction is finished, transplanting the seedlings into a culture medium, then thoroughly watering fixed roots by using a carbendazim solution which is diluted by 1000 times, performing conventional field planting culture until 15 days before the seedlings are used, and then performing salt tolerance induction in the step 3.2) on the field planting seedlings to obtain the culture seedlings.
4) And (3) fattening cultivation: after chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers are applied to the sowing lands by adopting a ridge grinding machine, soil preparation is carried out according to the type of crops to be planted, then cultivation seedlings of the crops are planted, field management is carried out according to the habit of the crops, 1 time of immunity protein is applied in the early growth stage of the crops, and the immunity protein and stress-resistant foliar fertilizer are applied in the middle and later growth stages, wherein the application times are 2 times.
The immunity protein is superfine Alternaria alternata activating protein; the amount of the immune protein is 8 kg/mu, and the immune protein is diluted and applied at 750 times of the early stage of the growth of crops and 1000 times of the early stage of the growth. The usage amount of the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is 55 mL/mu, and the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is sprayed after being diluted 1000 times. The fertilizer comprises urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the usage amounts of the fertilizer are respectively 22 kg/mu of urea, 18 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate. The microbial fertilizer is used in an amount of 70 kg/mu.
5) And (5) harvesting and repairing: after the crops are ripe, the crops are picked and dug in whole plants, the straws are recovered uniformly, then amino acid mother liquor diluent is sprayed into the sowing field, and rake turning and finishing are carried out, so that one round of cultivation is completed. In the amino acid mother solution diluent, the dosage of the amino acid solution is 400 kg/mu, and the dilution is 500 times.
Example 4:
the salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil is identical to the steps in the embodiment 3, and is different from the steps in the embodiment: in the salt tolerance induction of the step 3.2) and the step 3.3), after each sodium salt solution spraying, a salt stress relieving agent is sprayed on the same part, wherein the salt stress relieving agent contains 0.3 weight percent of tannic acid and 0.6 weight percent of oxadiazon acid, and the solvent is water. The usage amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 40 mL/mu, and the salt stress relieving agent is diluted by 30 times for use.
Example 5:
the salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil is identical to the steps in the embodiment 3, and is different from the steps in the embodiment: in the fattening cultivation of the step 4), the salt stress relieving agent is used for drip irrigation of the roots of crops in the middle and later periods of crop growth, and the application frequency is 2 times. The salt stress relieving agent contains 0.3wt% of tannic acid and 0.6wt% of oxadiazon acid, and the solvent is water. The usage amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 40 mL/mu, and the salt stress relieving agent is diluted by 30 times for use.
Example 6:
the salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil is identical to the steps in the embodiment 3, and is different from the steps in the embodiment:
in the salt tolerance induction of step 3.2) and step 3.3), the salt stress relieving agent is sprayed on the same part after each sodium salt solution spraying.
In the fattening cultivation of the step 4), the salt stress relieving agent is used for drip irrigation of the roots of crops in the middle and later periods of crop growth, and the application frequency is 2 times.
The salt stress relieving agent contains 0.3wt% of tannic acid and 0.6wt% of oxadiazon acid, and the solvent is water. The usage amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 40 mL/mu, and the salt stress relieving agent is diluted by 30 times for use.
Comparative example 1:
the salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil is identical to the steps in the embodiment 3, and is different from the steps in the embodiment: in the cultivation of the cultivated seedlings in the step 3), salt tolerance induction is not carried out on the seedlings, and the specific steps are as follows:
3.1 Germination accelerating: after the seeds are washed clean, the seeds are soaked in 3.5wt% acetic acid solution for 4.5 hours, taken out and washed, soaked in gibberellin solution with the concentration of 60mg/L for 10 hours, and then the seedlings are sprouted conventionally.
3.2 Strong seedling: after seedling raising, transplanting the seedlings into a culture medium, and then watering the seedlings with a carbendazim solution diluted 1000 times for rooting, and carrying out conventional field planting culture to obtain the culture seedlings.
Comparative example 2:
the salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil is identical to the steps in the embodiment 5, and is different from the steps in the embodiment only in that: in the fattening cultivation of the step 4), the salt stress relieving agent is used for drip irrigation of the roots of crops in the middle and later periods of crop growth, and the application frequency is 2 times. The salt stress relieving agent contains 0.9wt% of tannic acid, and the solvent is water. The usage amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 40 mL/mu, and the salt stress relieving agent is diluted by 30 times for use.
Comparative example 3:
the salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil is identical to the steps in the embodiment 5, and is different from the steps in the embodiment only in that: in the fattening cultivation of the step 4), the salt stress relieving agent is used for drip irrigation of the roots of crops in the middle and later periods of crop growth, and the application frequency is 2 times. The salt stress relieving agent contains 0.9wt% of oxadiazon acid, and the solvent is water. The usage amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 40 mL/mu, and the salt stress relieving agent is diluted by 30 times for use.
Comparative example 4:
the salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil is identical to the steps in the embodiment 5, and is different from the steps in the embodiment only in that: in the fattening cultivation of the step 4), the salt stress relieving agent is used for drip irrigation of the roots of crops in the middle and later periods of crop growth, and the application frequency is 2 times. The salt stress relieving agent contains 0.3wt% of tannic acid and 1.5wt% of oxadiazon acid, and the solvent is water. The usage amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 40 mL/mu, and the salt stress relieving agent is diluted by 30 times for use.
Comparative example 5:
the salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil is identical to the steps in the embodiment 5, and is different from the steps in the embodiment only in that: in the fattening cultivation of the step 4), the salt stress relieving agent is used for drip irrigation of the roots of crops in the middle and later periods of crop growth, and the application frequency is 2 times. The salt stress relieving agent contains 1.0wt% of tannic acid and 0.6wt% of oxadiazon acid, and the solvent is water. The usage amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 40 mL/mu, and the salt stress relieving agent is diluted by 30 times for use.
Test example 1:
sunflower planting test:
1) The sunflower variety is edible sunflower variety K9102. The seed is mainly characterized in that: the average growth period is 105 days, and the salt tolerance is stronger.
2) The test land is located at a temple test base in Bayan, calif. in the national institute of agriculture and animal husbandry. Altitude 1035m, annual average temperature 3.7-7.6 ℃, sunshine hours 3100-3300h, frost-free period 126d, annual average precipitation 188mm, evaporation 2030-3180mm, which is typical of medium-temperature zone continental monsoon climate, belongs to river-cover irrigation areas. The test land features are flat, and drainage and irrigation are convenient.
3) Test group setting: sunflower planting was performed in the same manner as in examples 2-6 and comparative example 1, with the same area of the same area selected for the test field. When the sunflowers are planted, the row spacing is 60cm, the plant numbers of each row are the same, and furrows are formed between the communities to be separated. Each test example was set with 3 replicates and averaged.
4) Index measurement
4.1 Soil properties): before the cultivation layer fermentation step, a five-point sampling method is adopted to collect 0-20cm soil sample, and the soil volume weight, organic matters, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, total salt, pH value and alkalization degree are measured. And after the crop harvesting and restoring step, collecting a soil sample with the volume weight of 0-20cm, and measuring the soil volume weight, organic matters, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, total salt, pH value and alkalization degree.
Soil volume weight: after harvest, the sections were dug in the field, using a volume standard of 100cm 3 Is used for cutting the soil. And (3) measuring the soil volume weight by adopting a drying method, wherein the sampling depth is 20-25cm.
Soil pH value: the pure water used was boiled in advance to remove carbon dioxide as measured by the pH meter (Lei Ci, shanghai) method, and the water-soil ratio was 2.5:1.0 (volume mass ratio) as recommended by the International society of soil.
Soil organic matter: the method is characterized by adopting a potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method.
Determination of soil nutrients: total nitrogen: the determination is carried out by a Dumasi azotometer firing method; effective phosphorus content: naHCO (NaHCO) 3 Measuring by a method; quick-acting potassium content: NH (NH) 4 OA leaching-flame photometry.
4.2 Plant physiological index):
4.2.1 Growth development trait): and (5) after planting the cultivated seedlings, investigating the seedling protection rate of the sunflowers.
4.2.2 During the maturity period of sunflower, 10 continuous plants were randomly selected for each group, and the plant height, stem thickness and disc diameter were investigated and averaged.
4.2.3 Yield of: is the cell yield. The maturity of sunflower, in each planting district, the line and plant are not harvested, and the number of sunflower discs and the number of plants lacking in the district are recorded. The cell yield calculation formula is: cell yield = dry weight of actual receiving cells + actual receiving area of cells x cell area (number of defective plants < 5%).
4.2.4 Hundred weight: and (3) removing the plants at the same row and at the same time in each planting district in the maturity period of the sunflower, naturally air-drying all the harvested seeds, randomly taking 100 seeds, weighing, repeating for 3 times, and taking an average value. The hundred weight calculation formula is: hundred grain weight = 100 sum of grain dry weights ≡3. And counting the grain weight of the single disk.
5) Test results and analysis
5.1 Effects of different methods on soil properties
TABLE 2
| Before the test | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Total salt g/kg | 3.25 | 1.11 | 1.21 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.17 |
| Degree of basification% | 16.9 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 10.1 |
| Volume weight g/cm 3 | 1.58 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.14 |
| pH value of | 8.9 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 |
| Total nitrogen mg/kg | 1.33 | 3.21 | 3.25 | 3.31 | 3.28 | 3.35 | 3.26 |
| Available phosphorus mg/kg | 91.8 | 134.5 | 136.3 | 137.3 | 135.8 | 135.2 | 134.6 |
| Quick-acting potassium mg/kg | 523.5 | 596.2 | 590.2 | 593.7 | 592.4 | 596.6 | 593.7 |
| G/kg of organic matter | 21.4 | 26.8 | 27.3 | 26.7 | 27.1 | 26.8 | 26.3 |
As can be seen from table 2, the examples and the comparative examples can significantly improve the soil environment of the saline-alkali soil, both show the effects of reducing the volume weight of the soil and loosening the soil, the total salt content, the alkalization degree and the pH value of the soil are also significantly reduced, and the contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil are significantly improved, which indicates that the methods of the examples and the comparative examples excite the soil activity, improve the fertility of the soil, and can provide good cultivation environment for crops.
5.2 Influence of different methods on sunflower physiological index
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Yield of kg/mu | 253.1 | 256.1 | 269.4 | 273.4 | 297.3 | 124.5 |
| Rate of seedling protection% | 90.3 | 91.2 | 95.3 | 90.2 | 96.3 | 75.4 |
| Plant height cm | 164.6 | 163.5 | 175.3 | 183.4 | 194.5 | 138.3 |
| Thick stem mm | 35.2 | 34.8 | 36.7 | 37.2 | 38.3 | 30.1 |
| Disc diameter cm | 26.3 | 25.8 | 27.2 | 27.7 | 28.4 | 22.6 |
| Hundred weight g | 27.7 | 27.3 | 29.5 | 30.2 | 33.7 | 17.3 |
| Single disk grain weight g | 150.3 | 153.8 | 167.4 | 174.9 | 189.4 | 66.9 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the methods in the examples all promote the growth of sunflower, and the methods of the present invention have remarkable effects on the growth and development of crops and yield improvement in saline-alkali soil. The best growth indexes of the comparative examples 3-6 and 6 show that the salt stress relieving agent is used in the salt tolerance induction stage and the middle and later growth stage of the crop seedlings, so that the oxidation resistance and the salt and alkali resistance of the crops are improved, and the quality improvement and the yield increase of the crops in the saline-alkali soil cultivation are facilitated.
Test example 2:
corn planting test:
1) Maize variety: jade 335. The test land is located at a temple test base in Bayan, calif. in the national institute of agriculture and animal husbandry. Cultivation is carried out according to the growth habit of corn. Test group setting: corn was planted in the same area of the same area as in example 3, example 5 and comparative examples 2-5. Each test example was set with 3 replicates and averaged.
2) Plant physiological index: after the corns are ripe, the ear length, the ear thickness, the ear weight, the bald tip length, the shaft weight and the grain weight of the corns are measured. Meanwhile, the yield of corn was measured according to the method in test example 1.
3) Oxidation resistance defense index: in the step of fattening cultivation, after the salt stress relieving agent is dripped on the root of the crop for 24 hours for the last time, taking the 5 th to 10 th leaves close to the root position as a test sample. Peroxidase (POD) activity was measured by the guaiacol method, catalase (CAT) activity was measured by the ultraviolet absorption method, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured by the NBT photoreduction method, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured by the thiobarbituric acid method.
4) Test results and analysis
4.1 Influence of different methods on physiological index of corn
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Example 3 | Example 5 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | |
| Spike length cm | 22.24 | 27.03 | 23.25 | 24.78 | 21.43 | 25.45 |
| Spike thickness mm | 55.84 | 65.07 | 55.56 | 59.63 | 51.58 | 60.13 |
| Spike weight g | 376.31 | 409.82 | 367.61 | 395.07 | 338.55 | 392.07 |
| Length of bald tip is mm | 3.583 | 4.014 | 3.443 | 3.679 | 3.175 | 3.785 |
| Axle weight g | 52.64 | 62.76 | 53.81 | 57.47 | 49.37 | 59.42 |
| 200 g of grain weight | 87.32 | 101.68 | 87.22 | 90.78 | 80.53 | 94.64 |
| Yield of kg/mu | 768.24 | 921.88 | 791.87 | 845.64 | 729.28 | 860.88 |
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different methods on POD enzyme activity of maize leaves; FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different methods on CAT enzyme activity of maize leaves; FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different methods on SOD enzyme activity of corn leaves; FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different methods on MDA content of corn leaves.
From the graph, after drip irrigation of the salt stress relieving agent, POD, CAT, SOD enzyme activity of the corn leaf of example 5 is significantly improved compared with that of example 3, and MDA content is significantly reduced compared with that of example 3; it was found that the effect of the salt stress relieving agent was not the same in the different ratios as compared with the comparative examples, and the antioxidant effect of comparative examples 2 and 3 and 5 was improved to different degrees, but the effect was not significant as in example 5, and the comparative example 4 showed a slight side effect. As can be seen from the combination of table 4, the corn yield and quality in example 5 are optimal and significantly better than the various indexes of example 3; the various indices of comparative example 4 are also inferior to those of example 3. Comprehensive description shows that the salt stress relieving agent with specific proportion can play a synergistic effect, can improve enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD), and reduce the generation amount of membrane lipid malondialdehyde, thereby relieving cell membrane lipid peroxidation damage under saline-alkali stress, improving the antioxidant defense level and the saline-alkali resistance of crops, and being beneficial to quality improvement and yield increase of crops in saline-alkali soil cultivation.
In the present invention, the concentration, the proportion, etc. which are not specifically described are weight concentration, weight ratio, etc. which are common writing habits of those skilled in the art, and therefore are not described in detail in the present invention. In the present invention, the detailed steps of some operations are not described in detail, but are known to those skilled in the art, and thus are not described herein.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, and not limiting thereof; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that; the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of: deeply turning and returning the straw to the field after the previous crop is harvested, and then airing the furrow and carrying out rotary tillage on the furrow layer for fermentation; before preparing to sow, carrying out field soaking treatment and salt adjusting leaching treatment on a sowing field; fertilizing and preparing soil in the sowing field, then planting crop cultivation seedlings and performing field management; and, harvesting and digging the whole plant after the crops are ripe, and then spraying an amino acid mother liquor diluent into the sowing land and performing harvesting and repairing procedures of turning and harrowing;
When the crop cultivation seedlings are cultivated in a seedling stage, salt tolerance induction treatment is carried out by adopting a sodium salt solution; the salt tolerance induction treatment steps are as follows: intermittently spraying sodium salt solution with concentration of 0.05-0.5wt% to the root of seedling.
2. The method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the salt tolerance induction treatment step, the spraying interval time of the sodium salt solution is 3-5 days, the spraying amount is 1-2 mL/plant, and the total salt tolerance induction period is 30 days; the sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
3. The saline-alkali soil salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation layer fermentation process comprises the following steps: after the previous crop is harvested, crop straws are collected and crushed into straw residues with the length of 5-10cm, then the straw residues are mixed with livestock manure and amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained returning materials are deeply turned into the field, and rotary tillage is carried out after sunning for 10-15 days.
4. The method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein the returning amount of the straw is 300-500 kg/mu; the application amount of the livestock manure is 100-200 kg/mu; in the amino acid mother solution diluent, the dosage of the amino acid mother solution is 500-600 kg/mu, and the dilution is 500-1000 times.
5. The method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the step of the improvement before sowing is as follows: before preparing to sow, applying microbial agent to the sowing field along with water, soaking the sowing field for 3-5 days, draining water after the soaking, mixing surface soil with the thickness of 5-10cm on the surface layer of the sowing field with the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, coating the film, preserving moisture for 1-3 days, and leaching the surface soil layer.
6. The method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the microbial agent adopted in the field soaking treatment comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus FM4B; the viable count in the microbial agent is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/mL, and the pH value of the microbial agent is not more than 4.3; the microbial agent is used in an amount of 2-4 kg/mu.
7. The method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is diluted by 500-1000 times when in use, and the use amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is 1-3g/kg for mild saline-alkali soil, 3-6g/kg for moderate saline-alkali soil and 6-10g/kg for severe saline-alkali soil.
8. The method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the fertilizing step of the fertilizing cultivation procedure, chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers are applied; the fertilizer comprises 20-25 kg/mu of urea, 15-20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate; the microbial fertilizer is used in an amount of 50-80 kg/mu.
9. The salt-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing method for the saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that in the field management of the fattening cultivation procedure, immunity protein is applied for 1-2 times in the early growth period of crops, and immunity protein and stress-resistant foliar fertilizer are applied for 1-3 times in the middle and later growth period;
the immunity protein is superfine Alternaria alternata activating protein, the usage amount of the immunity protein is 5-10 kg/mu, and the immunity protein is diluted 750-1000 times for spraying; the usage amount of the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is 50-60 mL/mu, and the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is sprayed after being diluted 1000 times.
10. The method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the recovery and repair process, the dosage of the amino acid mother liquor in the amino acid mother liquor is 300-500 kg/mu, and the amino acid mother liquor is diluted by 500-1000 times.
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