CN116564719A - CuO asymmetric capacitor cathode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

CuO asymmetric capacitor cathode and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116564719A
CN116564719A CN202310565411.4A CN202310565411A CN116564719A CN 116564719 A CN116564719 A CN 116564719A CN 202310565411 A CN202310565411 A CN 202310565411A CN 116564719 A CN116564719 A CN 116564719A
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China
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negative electrode
carbon
cuo
asymmetric capacitor
gel
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CN202310565411.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陆海彦
裴东宇
王瀚博
宛胜
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The invention discloses a CuO asymmetric capacitor cathode and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to inhibit the metal deposition phenomenon of the negative electrode, improve the cycling stability of the asymmetric capacitor and solve the problem of capacitor capacity attenuation acceleration caused by the failure of the negative electrode of the CuO asymmetric capacitor. Firstly, preparing a carbon sheet negative electrode, preparing gel electrolyte, and uniformly coating the gel electrolyte on the surface of the carbon negative electrode to obtain the gel carbon negative electrode. The coated gel negative electrode can improve the interface performance between the carbon electrode and the electrolyte on the basis of ensuring the full contact between the carbon electrode and the electrolyte; more importantly, the deposition of copper on the surface of the negative electrode can be inhibited, and the capacity loss of the negative electrode is reduced; in addition, the contact between the carbon material and the substrate can be reinforced, and even if a great amount of hydrogen evolution occurs in the negative electrode in the circulation process, the falling-off of the carbon material on the substrate can be reduced, so that the capacity retention rate of the negative electrode and the circulation performance of the asymmetric capacitor are improved.

Description

CuO asymmetric capacitor cathode and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of asymmetric capacitors, and relates to a CuO asymmetric capacitor cathode and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The increasingly-deepened global electronic and automatic processes provide new challenges for the performance of the energy storage devices, the emerging 48V vehicle-mounted systems, intelligent driving assistance systems and the like all require that the energy storage devices can stably work under high current, and the expansion of the power grid scale also requires that the energy storage devices have quicker response capability to the current. The electrochemical performances such as energy density, power density, high current bearing capacity and the like of the asymmetric capacitor are usually between a battery and a super capacitor, and the asymmetric capacitor has the potential of high-efficiency working under high current, so that the asymmetric capacitor is widely applied to various energy storage fields. The battery is mainly characterized in that an energy type positive electrode and a power type negative electrode are simultaneously used, so that the battery has high energy density and relatively high power density, and one electrode of the battery is used for storing charges by virtue of Faraday reaction, pseudocapacitance process and the like; the other electrode uses a capacitive electrode and relies on rapid electric double layer adsorption and desorption to store charge.
The high current bearing capacity of the metal oxide asymmetric capacitor has limitations, which is mainly the instability of the battery type positive electrode under the high current, a great deal of researches are carried out by improving the controllability of the metal oxide, developing a novel positive electrode material with a special morphology structure to improve the stability of the electrode, slowing down the service life attenuation of the capacitor and improving the service life of the capacitor from thousands of circles to tens of thousands of circles. However, we find that the negative electrode also fails, similar to the lithium dendrite process in a lithium ion battery, a metal deposition phenomenon exists in a CuO asymmetric capacitor, and a great amount of copper deposition influences the charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode carbon material, so that the utilization rate of the negative electrode active material is reduced, and further the capacity is accelerated and attenuated. This is different from what conventional wisdom considers that the positive electrode causes capacity fade.
Inhibiting the negative metal deposition phenomenon is an effective means to further improve the cycling stability of the asymmetric capacitor. The ion exchange membrane can effectively inhibit metal ions from diffusing to the surface of the negative electrode, and prevent metal deposition, but the method has higher cost and is not suitable for practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to inhibit the metal deposition phenomenon of the negative electrode, improve the cycling stability of the asymmetric capacitor and overcome the problem of capacitor capacity attenuation acceleration caused by failure of the negative electrode of the CuO asymmetric capacitor, the invention provides the negative electrode of the CuO asymmetric capacitor and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a negative electrode of CuO asymmetric capacitor is composed of conductive substrate, carbon electrode pressed on the conductive substrate in the form of carbon plate and gel electrolyte of 0.1-0.8g/cm 2 Is coated on the surface of the carbon electrode.
The gel polymer in the gel electrolyte is preferably one or more of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm); the electrolyte is 5-8M alkali solution, and the alkali in the alkali solution is preferably potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide.
The conductive substrate is preferably one or more of stainless steel, foam nickel and graphite paper.
The gel electrolyte loading is preferably 0.4g/cm 2 The electrolyte concentration is preferably 6M.
The preparation method of the CuO asymmetric capacitor cathode comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of carbon electrode
Sequentially adding active carbon, a conductive agent and a binder into absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring and heating the mixture at 80-90 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is evaporated to dryness, adding 1-3mL of ethanol into the dried powder, rolling the sheet, and drying the sheet at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a carbon sheet; cutting the carbon sheet into required size, and pressing the carbon sheet on the conductive substrate at 6-10Mpa to obtain the carbon electrode.
The specific surface area of the activated carbon is 2000-2500m 2 /g; the mass ratio of the active carbon to the conductive agent to the binder is (7-8): (1-2): 1.
preferably, the conductive agent is one or more of acetylene black, graphite and ketjen black; the binder is one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
(2) Preparation of gel electrolyte
Weighing 5-8g of gel polymer material, dissolving in deionized water, stirring and heating at 80-90 ℃ until the solution is transparent, and obtaining polymer solution; preparing an alkali solution with the concentration of 5-8M, mixing 10-20mL of the alkali solution into the polymer solution, and continuously heating and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a gel electrolyte;
preferably, the gel polymer material is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm); the alkali in the alkali solution is potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide.
(3) Preparation of negative electrode of CuO asymmetric capacitor
The transparent gel electrolyte prepared in the step (2) is mixed according to the ratio of 0.1-0.8g/cm 2 The load of the CuO is coated on the surface of a carbon electrode to obtain the cathode of the CuO asymmetric capacitor.
As a more preferable technical scheme of the invention: the mass of the absolute ethyl alcohol in the step (1) is 200-250 times of that of the active carbon.
As a more preferable technical scheme of the invention: the mass ratio of the gel polymer material to deionized water in the step (2) is 1: (8-10).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the gel electrolyte is coated on the surface of the negative electrode, so that on one hand, the electrode and the electrolyte can be fully contacted, and more importantly, the copper ion content on the surface of the carbon negative electrode can be reduced, the metal deposition amount of the negative electrode is reduced, and the negative electrode failure is inhibited. The method can improve the utilization rate of active substances, simultaneously can reduce the problem of falling off of the carbon material of the negative electrode caused by hydrogen evolution, prolongs the service life of the carbon material, and further slows down the capacity attenuation of the capacitor.
In addition, when a small amount of copper metal is deposited on the anode, the cathode has no influence on the circulation stability of the anode, has a certain capacity improving effect, and provides more stable circulation performance for the CuO asymmetric capacitor and prolongs the service life.
The CuO asymmetric capacitor formed by the negative electrode provided by the invention has higher cycling stability under low current and high current, can be applied to some wearable intelligent equipment, power equipment with ultra-long standby, vehicle-mounted intelligent systems and the like, and has wider application prospect.
Compared with the method of adding the ion exchange membrane, the method of the invention has lower cost, is more suitable for practical application, and has great potential and application value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a life test chart of comparative example and example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to examples
Comparative example 1:
activated carbon (2300 m) 2 /g), conductive agent, binder according to 8:1:1 adding 40g of absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is evaporated to dryness, adding 2mL of ethanol into the dried powder, rolling slices, and drying at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain carbon slices; cutting the prepared carbon sheet into 1X 1cm pieces 2 Pressing the carbon electrode on a stainless steel substrate at 8Mpa to obtain a carbon electrode;
example 1:
activated carbon (2300 m) 2 /g), conductive agent, binder according to 8:1:1 adding 40g of absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is evaporated to dryness, adding 2mL of ethanol into the dried powder, rolling slices, and drying at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain carbon slices;
weighing 6g of polyvinyl alcohol, dissolving in 60mL of deionized water, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the solution is transparent, preparing an alkaline solution with the concentration of 6M, mixing 15mL of the alkaline solution into the solution, and continuously heating and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a gel electrolyte;
cutting the prepared carbon sheet into 1X 1cm pieces 2 Pressing the carbon electrode on a stainless steel substrate at 8Mpa to obtain a carbon electrode; the prepared polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte is prepared according to the ratio of 0.2g/cm 2 The loading of the gel carbon anode is uniformly and repeatedly coated on the surface of the carbon electrode, so that the gel carbon anode is obtained.
Example 2:
activated carbon (2300 m) 2 /g), conductive agent, binder according to 8:1:1 adding 40g of absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is evaporated to dryness, adding 2mL of ethanol into the dried powder, rolling slices, and drying at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain carbon slices;
weighing 6g of polyvinyl alcohol, dissolving in 60mL of deionized water, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the solution is transparent, preparing an alkaline solution with the concentration of 6M, mixing 15mL of the alkaline solution into the solution, and continuously heating and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a gel electrolyte;
cutting the prepared carbon sheet into 1X 1cm pieces 2 Pressing the carbon electrode on a stainless steel substrate at 8Mpa to obtain a carbon electrode; the prepared polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte is prepared according to the ratio of 0.4g/cm 2 The loading of the gel carbon anode is uniformly and repeatedly coated on the surface of the carbon electrode, so that the gel carbon anode is obtained.
Example 3:
activated carbon (2300 m) 2 /g), conductive agent, binder according to 8:1:1 adding 40g of absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is evaporated to dryness, adding 2mL of ethanol into the dried powder, rolling slices, and drying at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain carbon slices;
weighing 6g of polyvinyl alcohol, dissolving in 60mL of deionized water, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the solution is transparent, preparing an alkaline solution with the concentration of 6M, mixing 15mL of the alkaline solution into the solution, and continuously heating and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a gel electrolyte;
cutting the prepared carbon sheet into 1X 1cm pieces 2 Pressing the carbon electrode on a stainless steel substrate at 8Mpa to obtain a carbon electrode; the prepared polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte is prepared according to the ratio of 0.6g/cm 2 The loading of the gel carbon anode is uniformly and repeatedly coated on the surface of the carbon electrode, so that the gel carbon anode is obtained.
Example 4:
activated carbon (2300 m) 2 /g), conductive agent, binder according to 8:1:1 adding 40g of absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is evaporated to dryness, adding 2mL of ethanol into the dried powder, rolling slices, and drying at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain carbon slices;
weighing 6g of polyvinyl alcohol, dissolving in 60mL of deionized water, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the solution is transparent, preparing an alkaline solution with the concentration of 5M, mixing 15mL of the alkaline solution into the solution, and continuously heating and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a gel electrolyte;
cutting the prepared carbon sheet into 1X 1cm pieces 2 Pressing the carbon electrode on a stainless steel substrate at 8Mpa to obtain a carbon electrode; the prepared polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte is prepared according to the ratio of 0.4g/cm 2 The loading of the carbon is uniformly and repeatedly coated on the surface of a carbon electrode to obtain gel carbonAnd a negative electrode.
Example 5:
activated carbon (2300 m) 2 /g), conductive agent, binder according to 8:1:1 adding 40g of absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is evaporated to dryness, adding 2mL of ethanol into the dried powder, rolling slices, and drying at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain carbon slices;
weighing 6g of polyvinyl alcohol, dissolving in 60mL of deionized water, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the solution is transparent, preparing an alkaline solution with the concentration of 6M, mixing 15mL of the alkaline solution into the solution, and continuously heating and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a gel electrolyte;
cutting the prepared carbon sheet into 1X 1cm pieces 2 Pressing the carbon electrode on a stainless steel substrate at 8Mpa to obtain a carbon electrode; the prepared polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte is prepared according to the ratio of 0.4g/cm 2 The loading of the gel carbon anode is uniformly and repeatedly coated on the surface of the carbon electrode, so that the gel carbon anode is obtained.
Example 6:
activated carbon (2300 m) 2 /g), conductive agent, binder according to 8:1:1 adding 40g of absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is evaporated to dryness, adding 2mL of ethanol into the dried powder, rolling slices, and drying at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain carbon slices;
weighing 6g of polyvinyl alcohol, dissolving in 60mL of deionized water, stirring and heating at 85 ℃ until the solution is transparent, preparing an alkaline solution with the concentration of 7M, mixing 15mL of the alkaline solution into the solution, and continuously heating and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a gel electrolyte;
cutting the prepared carbon sheet into 1X 1cm pieces 2 Pressing the carbon electrode on a stainless steel substrate at 8Mpa to obtain a carbon electrode; the prepared polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte is prepared according to the ratio of 0.4g/cm 2 The loading of the gel carbon anode is uniformly and repeatedly coated on the surface of the carbon electrode, so that the gel carbon anode is obtained.
And (3) effect verification:
the gel carbon negative electrode plates prepared in comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 6 were combined with a CuO positive electrode plate, a separator, and a 2M KOH electrolyte to form a capacitor. The prepared CuO asymmetric capacitor was subjected to charge and discharge test as follows:
A.5A/g current density charge to 1.8V at the end;
B. discharging to 0V at the same current density;
C. and circulating the two steps 10000 times.
The cycle life of the CuO asymmetric capacitors of comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 6 is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In the present invention, in the step (2), the concentration of the added potassium hydroxide is preferably 6M; step (3), the gel loading is preferably 0.4g/cm 2 。
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A CuO asymmetric capacitor negative electrode, characterized in that the negative electrode is composed of a conductive substrate, a carbon electrode and a gel electrolyte; the carbon electrode is obtained by pressing a carbon sheet onto a conductive substrate, and the gel electrolyte is 0.1-0.8g/cm 2 Is coated on the surface of the carbon electrode.
2. The CuO asymmetric capacitor negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the gel polymer in the gel electrolyte is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide; the electrolyte in the gel electrolyte is 5-8M alkali solution, and the alkali in the alkali solution is potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide.
3. The CuO asymmetric capacitor negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein a gel electrolyte loading is 0.4g/cm 2 Electrolyte concentration of 6M。
4. The CuO asymmetric capacitor negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the conductive substrate is one or more of stainless steel, foam nickel, and graphite paper.
5. A method for preparing the CuO asymmetric capacitor negative electrode according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing a carbon electrode;
(2) Preparing a gel electrolyte: weighing 5-8g of gel polymer material, dissolving in deionized water, stirring and heating at 80-90 ℃ until the solution is transparent, and obtaining polymer solution; preparing an alkali solution with the concentration of 5-8M, mixing 10-20mL of the alkali solution into the polymer solution, and continuously heating and stirring for 0.5h to obtain a gel electrolyte;
(3) Preparation of CuO asymmetric capacitor negative electrode: the transparent gel electrolyte prepared in the step (2) is mixed according to the ratio of 0.1-0.8g/cm 2 The load of the CuO is coated on the surface of a carbon electrode to obtain the cathode of the CuO asymmetric capacitor.
6. The method for producing a CuO asymmetric capacitor negative electrode according to claim 5, wherein the step of producing a carbon electrode in step (1) is as follows:
sequentially adding active carbon, a conductive agent and a binder into absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring and heating the mixture at 80-90 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is evaporated to dryness, adding 1-3mL of ethanol into the dried powder, rolling the sheet, and drying the sheet at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a carbon sheet; cutting the carbon sheet into required size, and pressing the carbon sheet on a conductive substrate at 6-10Mpa to obtain a carbon electrode; the specific surface area of the activated carbon is 2000-2500m 2 /g; the mass ratio of the active carbon to the conductive agent to the binder is (7-8): (1-2): 1.
7. the method for preparing a negative electrode of a CuO asymmetric capacitor according to claim 6, wherein the gel polymer material is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide; the alkali in the alkali solution is potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide.
8. The method for preparing a negative electrode of a CuO asymmetric capacitor according to claim 6, wherein the conductive agent is one or more of acetylene black, graphite and ketjen black; the binder is one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
9. The method for preparing a CuO asymmetric capacitor negative electrode according to claim 6, wherein the mass of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 200-250 times that of the activated carbon.
10. The method for preparing a CuO asymmetric capacitor negative electrode according to claim 6, wherein a mass ratio of the gel polymer material to deionized water in the step (2) is 1: (8-10).
CN202310565411.4A 2023-05-18 2023-05-18 CuO asymmetric capacitor cathode and preparation method thereof Pending CN116564719A (en)

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CN116564719A true CN116564719A (en) 2023-08-08

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