CN116563175A - Fixed noise removing method and device for photoelectric imaging equipment system and storage medium - Google Patents
Fixed noise removing method and device for photoelectric imaging equipment system and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of image processing of photoelectric imaging equipment, and provides a method, a device and a storage medium for removing fixed noise of a photoelectric imaging equipment system, wherein a standard light source is imaged by using the photoelectric imaging equipment to obtain a standard image; subtracting the gray value corresponding to the minimum pixel point in the standard image from the gray value corresponding to each pixel point in the standard image to obtain a fixed noise image; finally, eliminating the fixed noise image from the image to be optimized to obtain an optimized image, and effectively removing the system fixed noise caused by internal factors of the photoelectric imaging equipment on the premise of keeping the spatial structure information of the image and not losing the details of the image, thereby improving the imaging quality of the photoelectric imaging equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of image processing of photoelectric imaging equipment, and particularly provides a method and a device for removing fixed noise of a photoelectric imaging equipment system and a storage medium.
Background
The photoelectric imaging equipment is used as important equipment, has wide application in the fields of aerial photogrammetry, aerospace ground remote sensing imaging, military reconnaissance, homeland investigation, emergency disaster reduction, ecological monitoring and the like, and plays a vital role in the aspects of economic development, civil construction and the like of China. In the process of image signal acquisition, the photoelectric imaging equipment causes various noises in the generated image due to the interference of factors such as the inside of the equipment or the external environment, thereby affecting the image quality. Along with the continuous enhancement of various application demands, the image quality requirements of the photoelectric imaging equipment are increasingly increased, so that how to ensure the image quality and reduce the image noise is a key for improving the comprehensive performance of the photoelectric imaging equipment and ensuring the subsequent effective application of the image.
Factors that cause image noise generation in a photo-imaging apparatus are of two types:
the noise caused by factors such as dust of an optical system, deformation of a mechanical structure, bad pixels of a detector, non-uniformity of the detector and the like is generally fixed noise, and is expressed as light rings, waves, lines and the like;
the other type is an external environment factor, mainly comprising jitter, cloud, rainwater, air flow and the like, and noise caused by the factor is generally random.
The existing image denoising method mainly comprises a filter-based method, a model-based method and a learning-based method, denoising is achieved according to the structural characteristics of an image, the method has a good denoising effect on noise caused by external factors, but system fixed noise caused by internal factors in a specific photoelectric imaging device cannot be effectively removed, and meanwhile the problems that denoising efficiency is low and the method cannot be achieved at a device end exist. For example, the Chinese patent publication number is CN112734674A, and the publication date is 2021, 4 and 30, a method for denoising an image is provided, the noise type in the image is analyzed by utilizing gray correlation degree after noise is artificially added into a noise-free image, and denoising is performed by adopting a corresponding method aiming at different types of noise, wherein the method only covers Gaussian noise, poisson noise, speckle noise and spiced salt noise, is difficult to completely match random noise in the image, and has good denoising effect; the intelligent post-processing can not be realized in an embedded mode at the equipment end; the Chinese patent publication No. CN115564670A, publication No. 2023, 1 month and 3 days, provides an image denoising method, device, medium and electronic equipment, the method mainly aims at the noise generated by external environment factors, the noise generated by internal factors of imaging equipment cannot be solved, and meanwhile, the method needs to carry out imaging on the same scene for multiple times by the imaging equipment and then carries out processing, so that the method is difficult to realize in dynamically applied photoelectric imaging equipment (such as aviation and aerospace remote sensing imaging equipment).
Therefore, a method of removing fixed noise of the system of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for removing system fixed noise of a photoelectric imaging device, which can effectively remove the system fixed noise caused by internal factors of the photoelectric imaging device and improve the imaging quality of the photoelectric imaging device on the premise of keeping the image space structure information and not losing image details. The above purpose is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a fixed noise removing method of a photoelectric imaging equipment system comprises the following steps:
imaging a standard light source by using a photoelectric imaging device to obtain a standard image;
step two, subtracting the gray value corresponding to the minimum pixel point in the standard image from the gray value corresponding to each pixel point in the standard image to obtain a fixed noise image;
and thirdly, eliminating the fixed noise image from the image to be optimized to obtain an optimized image.
As a better technical scheme of the invention, the first step specifically comprises the following steps: and continuously imaging the standard light source for a plurality of times by using a photoelectric imaging device, and taking the average value of the imaging for a plurality of times by the gray value corresponding to each pixel point to obtain a standard image.
As a better technical scheme of the invention, the standard light source is continuously imaged for more than 10 times by using the photoelectric imaging equipment.
As a better technical scheme of the invention: the third step is specifically as follows:
firstly, the average value of gray values corresponding to pixel points of an image to be optimized is obtainedE Src ；
Then, the average value of gray value average corresponding to the standard image pixel point is obtainedE S ；
Finally subtracting the gray value corresponding to the corresponding pixel point in the fixed noise image from the gray value corresponding to each pixel point in the image to be optimizedAnd (3) obtaining an optimized image.
As a more preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the first step, the standard light source is an integrating sphere or a blackbody.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a system fixed noise removing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
an acquisition module for acquiring standard imagesSThe standard image is obtained by imaging a standard light source by using a photoelectric imaging device; standard imageSThe size is as followsM×N。
A standard image processing module for processing standard imageSObtaining a fixed noise imageQThe fixed noise imageQIs a standard imageSThe gray value min corresponding to the minimum pixel point in the standard image is subtracted from the gray value corresponding to each pixel pointS) The calculation formula is:
an image processing module to be optimized for fixing noise image from the image to be optimizedQAnd (5) removing.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the image processing module to be optimized includes:
average value of gray values corresponding to pixels of image to be optimizedE Src A computing module; the average value of the gray values corresponding to the pixel points of the image to be optimizedE Src The method is calculated by the following formula:
average value of gray values corresponding to standard image pixelsE S A computing module; average value of gray values corresponding to the standard image pixelsE S The method is calculated by the following formula:
an optimized image calculation module, wherein the optimized imageRThe method is calculated by the following formula:
。
it is still another object of the present invention to provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method of removing fixed noise of a system of electro-optical imaging devices.
The invention can effectively solve the problem of removing the fixed noise of the photoelectric imaging equipment system, and has the following beneficial effects compared with the existing related direction:
1. the system fixed noise is removed aiming at the specific photoelectric imaging equipment, and the system fixed noise caused by internal factors of the photoelectric imaging equipment is effectively removed on the premise of keeping the image space structure information and not losing image details.
2. The method has the advantages of less required computing resources and high efficiency, and can be processed in real time at the equipment end or after-the-fact processing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a main configuration diagram of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a system fixed noise removal method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a standard image generated by the visible light imaging device in embodiment 1 of the present invention against the integrating sphere;
fig. 4 is a fixed noise image of the visible light imaging device in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an image to be optimized without removing noise generated by the visible light imaging device in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an optimized image of the visible light imaging device in embodiment 1 of the present invention with noise removed.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, like modules are denoted by like reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a method for removing fixed noise of a system of an optoelectronic imaging device, which includes the following steps:
imaging a standard light source by using a photoelectric imaging device to obtain a standard image;
step two, subtracting the gray value corresponding to the minimum pixel point in the standard image from the gray value corresponding to each pixel point in the standard image to obtain a fixed noise image;
and thirdly, eliminating the fixed noise image from the image to be optimized to obtain an optimized image.
In some embodiments, the first step is specifically: and continuously imaging the standard light source for a plurality of times by using a photoelectric imaging device, and taking the average value of the imaging for a plurality of times by the gray value corresponding to each pixel point to obtain a standard image.
In some embodiments, the standard light source is imaged more than 10 consecutive times using a photo-imaging device.
In some embodiments, the step three is specifically:
first, find the best waitingAverage value of gray values corresponding to pixel points of chemical imageE Src ；
Then, the average value of gray values corresponding to the standard image pixels is calculatedE S ；
Finally subtracting the gray value corresponding to the corresponding pixel point in the fixed noise image from the gray value corresponding to each pixel point in the image to be optimizedAnd (3) obtaining an optimized image.
In some embodiments, one of the standard light sources of step (a) is an integrating sphere or a blackbody.
The method of the invention is mainly aimed at noise generated by internal factors of the photoelectric imaging equipment, and the photoelectric imaging equipment is generally mainly composed of an optical system, a mechanical structure system, an imaging detector and an electric control system, as shown in fig. 1. Factors that cause image noise generation of such a photoelectric imaging apparatus are of two types: the noise caused by factors such as dust of an optical system, deformation of a mechanical structure, bad pixels of a detector, non-uniformity of the detector and the like is generally fixed noise, and is expressed as light rings, waves, lines and the like; the other type is an external environment factor, mainly comprising equipment shake, cloud fog, rainwater, atmospheric turbulence and the like, and noise caused by the factor is generally random.
Example 1
Taking a certain aviation photoelectric ground imaging load as an example, a visible light detector with the size of 3840 x 3072 is adopted, the size of a generated image is 3840 x 3072, and the imaging device generates an image with fixed noise due to problems of dust of an optical system, non-uniformity of the detector and the like. The method for removing the fixed noise in the image comprises the following steps:
the first step, imaging an integrating sphere by using the visible light imaging equipment, continuously imaging for 10 times, and taking an average value of gray values corresponding to each pixel point to obtain a standard imageSThe size is 3840 x 3072, as shown in fig. 3;
second, first, the standard image is obtainedSCorresponding to the minimum pixel point of (2)Gray value of (2)Then using standard imageSThe gray value corresponding to each pixel is subtracted by the gray value corresponding to the minimum pixel>Thus obtained fixed noise imageQ，Fixing noise imagesQAs shown in fig. 4;
third, firstly, the image to be optimized as shown in FIG. 5 is obtainedSrcAverage value of gray values corresponding to pixel points of (a)E Src Next, a standard image is obtainedSAverage value of gray values corresponding to pixel points of (a)E S Finally, the image to be optimizedSrcThe gray value corresponding to each pixel in the image is subtracted by the noise imageQGray value and corresponding gray value of corresponding pixel point in (C)To obtain an optimized image with fixed noise removedROptimized imageRAs shown in fig. 6.
As can be seen by comparing fig. 5 and 6: the system fixed noise such as ' water ripple ', ' black circle at right bottom corner ', transparent small dots ' and the like existing in the image to be optimized is eliminated after the optimization by the method provided by the invention, meanwhile, the original image details are not lost, and the quality of the optimized image is greatly improved.
The system fixed noise removing apparatus used in the present invention includes:
an acquisition module for acquiring standard imagesSThe standard image is obtained by imaging a standard light source by using a photoelectric imaging device; standard imageSThe size is as followsM×N。
And selecting an integrating sphere (used by visible light imaging equipment) or a blackbody (used by infrared imaging equipment) with a proper caliber according to the related data of the photoelectric imaging equipment. Imaging a standard light source by using a photoelectric imaging device, continuously imaging for more than 10 times, and taking the average value of gray values corresponding to all pixel points to obtain a standard chart of the photoelectric imaging deviceImage forming apparatusSThe photo imaging device generates an image of sizeM×N。
A standard image processing module for processing standard imageSObtaining a fixed noise imageQThe fixed noise imageQIs a standard imageSThe gray value min corresponding to the minimum pixel point in the standard image is subtracted from the gray value corresponding to each pixel pointS) The calculation formula is:
the image processing module to be optimized is used for eliminating the fixed noise image from the image to be optimized.
In some embodiments, the image processing module to be optimized includes:
average value of gray values corresponding to pixels of image to be optimizedE Src A computing module; the average value of the gray values corresponding to the pixel points of the image to be optimizedE Src The method is calculated by the following formula:
average value of gray values corresponding to standard image pixelsE S A computing module; average value of gray values corresponding to the standard image pixelsE S The method is calculated by the following formula:
optimized imageRA calculation module, the optimized imageRThe method is calculated by the following formula:
the computer readable storage medium of the present invention has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the fixed noise removal method of the electro-optical imaging device system.
The system fixed noise removal method provided by the invention is mainly applied to fixed noise removal of the aerospace ground remote sensing imaging load, and can be applied to noise removal of photoelectric imaging equipment in other fields due to internal reasons of the system.
The system fixed noise removing method provided by the invention can be applied to visible spectrum bands and can also be applied to photoelectric imaging equipment in infrared spectrum bands.
The system fixed noise removing method provided by the invention can be used for carrying out post-processing after the equipment acquires the image, or can be used for carrying out embedded processing on the equipment end, and the noise image obtained in the first step is required to be stored in the equipment end in advance for standby when the embedded end is realized.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described above, it will be appreciated that the above described embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Variations, modifications, alternatives and variations of the above-described embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for removing fixed noise of a system of optoelectronic imaging equipment, comprising the steps of:
imaging a standard light source by using a photoelectric imaging device to obtain a standard image;
step two, subtracting the gray value corresponding to the minimum pixel point in the standard image from the gray value corresponding to each pixel point in the standard image to obtain a fixed noise image;
and thirdly, eliminating the fixed noise image from the image to be optimized to obtain an optimized image.
2. The method for removing fixed noise of a system of optoelectronic imaging equipment according to claim 1, wherein the first step is specifically: and continuously imaging the standard light source for a plurality of times by using a photoelectric imaging device, and taking the average value of the imaging for a plurality of times by the gray value corresponding to each pixel point to obtain a standard image.
3. The method for removing fixed noise of a system of electro-optical imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the standard light source is imaged continuously more than 10 times using the electro-optical imaging apparatus.
4. The method for removing fixed noise of a system of optoelectronic imaging equipment according to claim 1, wherein the third step is specifically:
firstly, the average value of gray values corresponding to pixel points of an image to be optimized is obtainedE Src ；
Then, the average value of the corresponding gray values of the standard image pixel points is obtainedE S ；
Finally subtracting the gray value corresponding to the corresponding pixel point in the fixed noise image from the gray value corresponding to each pixel point in the image to be optimizedAnd (3) obtaining an optimized image.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the standard light source is an integrating sphere or a blackbody.
6. A system fixed noise removal apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
an acquisition module for acquiring standard imagesSThe standard image is obtained by imaging a standard light source by using a photoelectric imaging device; standard imageSThe size is as followsM×N；
A standard image processing module for processing standard imageSObtaining a fixed noise imageQThe fixed noise imageQIs a standard imageSThe gray value min corresponding to the minimum pixel point in the standard image is subtracted from the gray value corresponding to each pixel pointS) The calculation formula is:
the image processing module to be optimized is used for eliminating the fixed noise image from the image to be optimized.
7. The system fixed noise removal apparatus of claim 6, wherein said image processing module to be optimized comprises:
average value of gray values corresponding to pixels of image to be optimizedE Src A computing module; the average value of the gray values corresponding to the pixel points of the image to be optimizedE Src The method is calculated by the following formula:
average value of gray values corresponding to standard image pixelsE S A computing module; average value of gray values corresponding to the standard image pixelsE S The method is calculated by the following formula:
the optimized image calculation module is used for calculating the optimized image according to the following formula:
。
8. a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for removing fixed noise of a system of an electro-optical imaging apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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