CN116560079B - Method for constructing light sail and light sail - Google Patents
Method for constructing light sail and light sail Download PDFInfo
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- CN116560079B CN116560079B CN202310833845.8A CN202310833845A CN116560079B CN 116560079 B CN116560079 B CN 116560079B CN 202310833845 A CN202310833845 A CN 202310833845A CN 116560079 B CN116560079 B CN 116560079B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
- B64G1/407—Solar sailing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The application provides a light sail construction method and a light sail, and relates to the technical field of light sails, wherein the surface of the light sail is provided with a super-structured surface structure, and the method comprises the following steps: determining target phase distribution of each position of the super-structure surface structure under the condition of meeting a set condition based on a coordinate system taking a geometric center point of the super-structure surface structure as a coordinate origin; the setting conditions comprise that total reflection is realized for incident left-handed polarized light, and transmission is realized for incident right-handed polarized light to form Bessel beams; acquiring phase values of a plurality of alternative super-structure surface units with different geometric parameters after regulation and control; selecting a target super-constructed surface unit from the alternative super-constructed surface units according to the phase values of the alternative super-constructed surface units; the target super-structured surface unit combination is constructed as a light sail. The application can adjust the phase distribution of the light sail aiming at the incident left-handed polarized light and the incident right-handed polarized light, so that the light sail realizes self-stable propulsion and maximum power propulsion, and simultaneously, the energy utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of light sails, in particular to a light sail construction method and a light sail.
Background
The light has wave grain two-image, photons moving at extremely high speed have energy, when photons moving at high speed collide with the surface of an object, part of the energy of the photons is transferred to the object and converted into the forward momentum of the photons, and the light can also be used as a power source of a sail based on the principle similar to a sail using wind as a power source, and the sail-shaped structure for generating pushing force is the light sail by using the light as the power source.
The resistance caused by air is not generated in the space, even the extremely tiny driving force generated by the light sail can be accumulated almost without loss, and the light sail can be continuously and rarely accumulated without an external power source or chemical energy by means of fuel, so that a considerable driving speed is provided for a small spacecraft, and the light sail is considered as a driving technology with huge application potential in the future. In the application process of the light sail, the light sail is required to be stable while maintaining proper thrust to reach the required speed, so how to control the thrust and how to control the posture of the light sail are important points of attention of researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the application aims to provide a light sail construction method and a light sail.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for constructing a light sail, where the light sail surface has a super-structured surface structure, and the super-structured surface structure is composed of super-structured surface units, and the method includes:
based on a coordinate system taking a geometric center point of the super-structure surface structure as a coordinate origin, determining phase distribution of each position of the super-structure surface structure, which is characterized by meeting a set condition, after regulating and controlling the left-handed polarized lightAnd the phase distribution after the right-handed polarized light is regulated>，/> and />Together forming a target phase profile; the setting conditions include left-hand offset for incidenceThe vibrating light realizes total reflection, and the incident right-handed polarized light is transmitted to form Bessel beams;
acquiring phase values of a plurality of alternative super-structure surface units with different geometric parameters after regulation and control for left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light;
selecting target super-structure surface units conforming to the target phase distribution from the candidate super-structure surface units according to the phase values of the candidate super-structure surface units;
the target super-structured surface unit combination is constructed into a light sail.
In one possible implementation, the pairs of positions of the super-structured surface structure are for phase distribution of left-hand polarized lightThe following constraints are satisfied:
has a value of 0 or->And in the constructed coordinate system, the position and phase distribution where the phase distribution is 0 are +.>The positions of (2) are staggered in the X direction and the Y direction;
the phase distribution of each position pair of the super-structured surface structure for right-handed polarized lightThe following constraints are satisfied:
wherein ,for the central wavelength of the incident light, +.>The cone angle of the Bessel beam is shown, and x and y are position coordinates.
In one possible implementation, the super-structure surface unit is composed of an array structure composed of a plurality of dielectric nano-pillars, and the rotation angle of the nano-pillars at each position of the super-structure surface structureAnd a transmission phase in the main axis direction +.>The following constraints are satisfied:
wherein ,cover->Phase position.
In one possible implementation, the super-structured surface unit is composed of an array structure composed of a plurality of dielectric nano-pillars; the geometric parameters of the super-structured surface include one or more of the length L of the long axis, the length W of the short axis, the height H of the dielectric nano-pillars, and the period P of the super-structured surface unit structure.
In one possible implementation manner, the step of obtaining the phase distribution of the plurality of alternative super-structure surface units with different geometric parameters after the phase distribution is regulated for the left-handed polarized light and the phase distribution after the phase distribution is regulated for the right-handed polarized light includes:
and calculating simulation data corresponding to the geometric parameters of different super-structure surface units through simulation software, wherein the simulation data comprise regulated phase values, so as to obtain the regulated phase distribution of each alternative super-structure surface unit for the left-handed polarized light and the regulated phase distribution for the right-handed polarized light.
In one possible implementation manner, the types of the dielectric nano-pillars are m, wherein m is the order of the super-structure surface unit structure, and the phase difference between the m types of the dielectric nano-pillar structures is，/>。
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a light sail, where the light sail surface has a super-structured surface structure, and the super-structured surface structure is composed of super-structured surface units;
based on a coordinate system with a geometric center point of the super-structured surface structure as a coordinate origin, under the condition that set conditions are met, representing phase distribution of each position of the super-structured surface structure after regulating and controlling the left-handed polarized lightAnd the phase distribution after the right-handed polarized light is regulated>，/> and />Together forming a target phase profile; the set conditions include achieving total reflection for incident left-handed polarized light and transmission for incident right-handed polarized light to form a Bessel beam.
In one possible implementation, the super-structure surface unit is composed of an array structure composed of a plurality of dielectric nano-pillars, and the rotation angle of the nano-pillars at each position of the super-structure surface structureTransmission phase along the main axis direction/>The following constraints are satisfied:
wherein ,cover->Phase position.
In one possible implementation manner, the types of the dielectric nano-pillars are m, wherein m is the order of the super-structure surface unit structure, and the phase difference between the m types of the dielectric nano-pillar structures is，/>。
In one possible implementation, the super-structured surface unit is composed of an array structure of a plurality of dielectric nano-pillars, the dielectric nano-pillars comprising at least two different long-axis lengths L, short-axis lengths W, heights H, or periods P of the super-structured surface unit structure.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the light sail construction method and the light sail, the super-surface structure is applied to the light sail, and the phase distribution of the super-surface structure after being regulated and controlled for the incident left-handed polarized light and the incident right-handed polarized light is adjusted by setting the parameters of the super-surface unit, so that the light sail can realize self-stable propulsion and has a good propulsion power utilization rate.
In addition, by setting the parameters of the super-structured surface unit, the incident left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light can be modulated at the same time under the condition that the super-structured surface is not partitioned, and the energy utilization rate of the light sail is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for constructing a sail according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a simulation result of an electric field in the XOY plane when left-handed polarized light is incident according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a simulation result of an electric field in the XOZ plane when left-handed polarized light is incident according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a simulation result of an electric field in the XOY plane when the right-handed polarized light provided by the embodiment of the application is incident;
FIG. 5 is a simulation result of an electric field in the XOZ plane when right-handed polarized light provided by the embodiment of the application is incident;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a light sail according to an embodiment of the present application under left-hand polarized light;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an eccentric self-stabilization of a sail provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a second schematic diagram of eccentric self-stabilization provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the sail turning self-stabilizing according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of an embodiment of the present applicationIs a phase distribution diagram of (1);
FIG. 11 is a diagram of an embodiment of the present applicationIs a phase distribution diagram of (1);
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a super-structured surface unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a partial schematic view of a light sail provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 110-dielectric nanopillars.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," "overhang," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, different features in the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other.
The inventor researches show that the super-structured surface is an artificial layered material with the thickness smaller than the wavelength, has strong light field regulation and control capability and ultra-thin plane characteristics, overcomes the technical limitations of the traditional optical element and the three-dimensional super-structured material, and has been rapidly developed in recent years. The super-structured surface is composed of a two-dimensional planar sub-wavelength structure, and has the capability of flexibly regulating and controlling the wave front amplitude, phase, polarization and other parameters, thus providing a brand-new platform for the design of miniaturized and high-performance micro-nano optical devices. However, the existing super-structured surface can only control the single polarization state, namely Left-circularly polarized light (Left-handed Circularly Polarized Light, LCPL) or Right-circularly polarized light (Right-handed Circularly Polarized Light, RCPL), and can only realize the independent control of thrust or gesture when Yu Guangfan is applied. Although the prior art can modulate left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light respectively by staggering two groups of sub-wavelength structure arrays, the energy utilization rate of the light sail is halved, and the background noise of the light sail is obviously enhanced.
In view of the above, the application provides a light sail construction method and a light sail, which can realize self-stable propulsion without partitioning an ultra-structured surface, have better propulsion power utilization rate, and effectively improve the energy utilization rate of the light sail. The scheme provided in this embodiment is described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 illustrates a flowchart of a method for constructing an optical sail according to the present embodiment, and in this embodiment, the method may include the following steps S100 to S400.
Step S100, determining phase distribution of the position representing the super-structured surface structure after regulating and controlling the left-handed polarized light under the condition of meeting the set condition based on a coordinate system taking the geometric center point of the super-structured surface structure as the origin of coordinatesAnd the phase distribution after the right-handed polarized light is regulated>，/> and />Together forming a target phase profile; the set conditions include achieving total reflection for incident left-handed polarized light and transmission for incident right-handed polarized light to form a Bessel beam.
Specifically, the right-handed polarized light may be right-handed circularly polarized light, and the left-handed polarized light may be left-handed circularly polarized light.
In this embodiment, the super-structured surface needs to achieve a total reflection function when the left-handed polarized light is incident, so as to achieve the maximum power propulsion of the light sail. The maximum non-diffraction distance travelled by the bessel beam is:where r is the diaphragm radius and α is the cone angle of the Bessel beam. At half the maximum diffraction free propagation distance, namely: />When the beam is used, the Bessel beam has stronger focusing intensity. Therefore, when observing the electric field distribution in the XOY plane, a half position of the maximum diffraction-free propagation distance is selected, namely: />Where it is located.
Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 illustrates the present applicationWhen the left-handed polarized light is incident, no light passes through the electric field distribution of the XOY plane in the transmission space, and as shown in fig. 3, no light passes through the electric field distribution of the XOZ plane in the transmission space.
The super-structured surface needs to realize the function of a transmission Bessel beam generator when the right-handed polarized light is incident, thereby realizing the self-stabilizing propulsion function of the light sail. Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 4 illustrates the present applicationWhen the right-handed polarized light is incident, the focal spot of the bessel beam can be seen in the electric field diagram of the XOY plane in the transmission space, and referring to fig. 5, the long focal depth of bessel focusing can be clearly seen in the electric field diagram of the XOZ plane in the transmission space.
In one implementation of this embodiment, referring to fig. 6, when the light with full left-hand polarization is incident, the light sail surface is totally reflected, and the light sail is pushed to advance at full speed by the maximum optical power F1.
Referring to FIG. 7, FIG. 7 illustrates one of the eccentric self-stabilizing diagrams of the sail of the present application. When the right-hand polarized light is incident to the middle position of the light sail, the super-constructed surface of the light sail can realize the focusing of the transmission Bessel beam, and the beam of the emergent light is focused to the middle position at the moment, the super-constructed surfaceIs subjected to a force F opposite to the focusing direction of the light beam 1L and F1R . When the right-hand polarized light irradiates the middle position of the light sail, the light sail receives force F 1L and F1R Component force F in horizontal direction P1L and FP1R The light sails are equal in size and opposite in direction, and stability of the light sails in the horizontal direction can be guaranteed.
Referring to FIG. 8, FIG. 8 illustrates a second schematic view of the eccentric self-stabilization of the sail of the present application. If the incident right-hand polarized light deviates leftwards or the light sail moves rightwards by a certain distance, when the incident right-hand polarized light does not irradiate the middle position of the light sail, the light intensity of one side of the light sail close to the right-hand polarized light is larger than that of one side of the light sail far away from the right-hand polarized light, and the force F born by one side of the light sail close to the right-hand polarized light 2L Greater than the force F exerted on the side of the sail facing away from the right-hand polarized light 2R At this time, the force component F of the force applied by the sail in the horizontal direction P2L And F is equal to P2R Different in magnitude and component force F P2L Greater than component F P2R The whole light sail moves leftwards and returns to the balance position, so that the incident right-handed polarized light can irradiate on the middle position of the light sail, and the eccentric self-stabilization of the light sail is realized.
In another implementation of this embodiment, please refer to fig. 9, fig. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of the sail inverted self-stabilizing of the present application. When the right-hand polarized light is incident, the light sail can realize the focusing of the transmitted Bessel light beam, at the moment, the light beam of the emergent light is focused towards the middle position of the light sail, and when the light sail is turned anticlockwiseThe angle, the light beam is still irradiated according to the original direction, the emergence angle of the left side sail light beam is +.>An exit angle greater than the right-hand sail beam>. Decomposing the generated light force along the normal direction of the sail, wherein F on the right side n3R Greater than F on the left side n3L So the light sail will rotate clockwise and return to the equilibrium position, thus achieving the self-stabilization of the turning of the light sail.
When the incident light consists of left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light, the polarization state ratio of the incident light and the position of the incident light on the surface of the light sail can be adjusted according to the actual working condition requirement, so that the balance between the propelling force and the maximum power of the light sail can be effectively adjusted.
wherein , and />The mathematical relationship of (2) is as follows:
wherein ,when the incident light is normal, the angle between the outgoing light of the Bessel beam and the normal is formed.
Step S200, obtaining phase values of a plurality of alternative super-structure surface units with different geometric parameters after regulating and controlling for left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light.
In the implementation, the phase values of the plurality of alternative super-structure surface units after the adjustment and control for the left-handed polarized light and the right-handed polarized light can be obtained by changing the geometric parameters of the super-structure surface units, and the obtained phase values are built into a simulation database to store data information, so that the follow-up searching is facilitated.
And step S300, selecting target super-structure surface units conforming to the target phase distribution from the candidate super-structure surface units according to the phase values of the candidate super-structure surface units.
In this embodiment, according to the phase values of each of the alternative super-structure surface units obtained in step S200, a target super-structure surface unit that conforms to the target phase distribution may be searched for in the alternative super-structure surface unit, where the target phase distribution is as similar as possible to the phase distribution of the target super-structure surface unit.
And step S400, constructing the target super-constructed surface unit combination into a light sail.
In this embodiment, the target super-structure surface unit selected in step S300 may be assembled to form a desired light sail.
Based on the design, the method for constructing the optical sail provided by the embodiment of the application uses the super-surface structure on the optical sail, adjusts the phase distribution of the super-surface structure after the super-surface structure is regulated and controlled for the incident left-handed polarized light and the incident right-handed polarized light by setting the parameters of the super-surface unit, so that the optical sail can realize the regulation and control of two polarization states, has high regulation and control efficiency, and can realize self-stable propulsion and maximum power propulsion simultaneously.
Further, each position of the super-structured surface structure aims at the phase distribution of the left-handed polarized lightThe following constraints are satisfied: />Has a value of 0 or->. Referring to FIG. 10, in the coordinate system constructed, the position and phase distribution where the phase distribution is 0 are +.>The positions of (2) are staggered in a checkerboard manner in the X direction and the Y direction. Based on the design, the phase difference of adjacent units in each position of the super-structure surface structure is pi, and interference cancellation can occur, so that the total reflection function can be realized when left-handed polarized light is incident.
Referring to FIG. 11, FIG. 11 illustrates the position pairs of the super-structure surface structure of the present applicationPhase distribution for right-handed polarized lightIs>The following constraints are satisfied:
wherein ,for the central wavelength of the incident light, α is the cone angle of the Bessel beam, +.>For the position from the current position of the super-structured surface structure to the center point of the super-structured surface, x and y represent position coordinates.
Further, the super-structure surface unit is composed of an array structure composed of a plurality of dielectric nano-pillars 110, and the rotation angles of the nano-pillars at each position of the super-structure surface structureAnd a transmission phase in the main axis direction +.>The following constraints are satisfied:
in the present embodiment, in order to achieve efficient coupling efficiency of self-selected angular momentum and orbital angular momentum of photons, the phase is transmittedShould be covered withCover->Phase position.
Specifically, the dielectric nano-pillars 110 are anisotropic sub-wavelength structures, and the geometric dimensions and azimuth angles of the dielectric nano-pillars 110 are different. If the anisotropic medium nano column 110 corresponds to the u-v coordinate system, the whole super-structured surface corresponds to the x-y coordinate system, and the included angle between the two coordinate systems is θ. The jones matrix of the anisotropic super-structured surface can be expressed as:
wherein , and />Respectively represent complex amplitudes of the anisotropic structure along the direction of the fast and slow axes thereof, R (+)>) Is a rotation matrix, namely:
thus, the first and second substrates are bonded together,
if the amplitude of the anisotropic structure is 1, and the phase delay introduced along the direction of the fast and slow axes is beta+/-delta/2, wherein beta is the transmission phase, and delta is the phase difference between two principal axes of the nano column in the super surface unit structure.
The complex amplitude of the anisotropic structure along its fast axis can be expressed asAnisotropic structure along its slow axisThe complex amplitude of the direction can be expressed as +.>。
To achieve the phase of both left-handed and right-handed polarized light and />The super-structured surface needs to meet the following requirements:
thus, the jones matrix of the super-structured surface needs to satisfy:
based on eigenvalue and eigenvector in the above formula, the rotation angle of the anisotropic sub-wavelength nano-column structure can be obtainedAnd a transmission phase in the main axis direction +.>The method comprises the following steps:
in the above structure, after finding the dielectric nano-pillars 110 according to the requirement in step S300, the method mayTo correspond to the coordinate value (x, y) and the rotation angle of each dielectric nano-pillar 110The dielectric nanopillars 110 are arranged to form a desired super surface structure for further application to an optical sail.
Further, referring to fig. 12, the super-structure surface unit is composed of an array structure formed by a plurality of dielectric nano-pillars 110; the geometric parameters of the super-structured surface may include one or more of the long axis length L, the short axis length W, the height H, and the period P of the super-structured surface unit structure of the dielectric nano-pillars 110.
In particular, the phase difference between the two principal axes of the nanopillars in the super surface unit structure should be pi. The period P < λ of the super-structured surface unit structure is the center wavelength of the incident light.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,and->. Where n is the refractive index of the dielectric nanopillar 110, and the refractive index is the attribute of the nanopillar material itself, and the refractive indexes are different at different incident wavelengths.
In one possible implementation, this step is accomplished using an existing electromagnetic simulation software platform. Referring to fig. 13, by changing the geometric parameters of the dielectric nano-pillars 110 and combining electromagnetic simulation software to scan parameters, corresponding simulation data can be obtained, the length L of the long axis and the length W of the short axis of the dielectric nano-pillars 110 are different, the electromagnetic response characteristics are different, the response characteristics and simulation data of each dielectric nano-pillar 110 can be obtained by scanning parameters through electromagnetic calculation software, and the dielectric nano-pillars 110 meeting the simulation requirements can be found according to the coordinate positions corresponding to each dielectric nano-pillar 110Rotation angle +.>The nano-pillars are arranged to form a super-surface structure which can be used as a light sail.
In one possible implementation manner, when obtaining the phase distribution of the plurality of alternative super-structure surface units with different geometric parameters after the adjustment and control of the left-handed polarized light and the phase distribution of the plurality of alternative super-structure surface units after the adjustment and control of the right-handed polarized light, calculating phase adjustment simulation data corresponding to the geometric parameters of the plurality of alternative super-structure surface units through simulation software, and obtaining the phase distribution of each alternative super-structure surface unit after the adjustment and control of the left-handed polarized light and the phase distribution after the adjustment and control of the right-handed polarized light. That is, in this embodiment, a database may be constructed in advance by simulation software, where the database includes the phase distribution of the positions of the super-structured surface obtained by adjusting the geometric parameters of the super-structured surface unit for the incident right-handed polarized light and for the incident left-handed polarized light in the coordinate system described in step S110. Illustratively, embodiments of the present application may employ time domain simulation methods.
Further, the types of the dielectric nano-pillars 110 are m, where m is the order of the super-structured surface unit structure, and the phase difference between the m dielectric nano-pillars 110 is，/>。
Preferably, a phase difference between a long axis of the dielectric nanopillar 110 and a short axis of the dielectric nanopillar 110 is pi.
In this embodiment, the phase difference between the long axis of the dielectric nanopillar 110 and the short axis of the dielectric nanopillar 110 is pi.
The embodiment of the application also provides the light sail, wherein the light sail surface is provided with the super-structured surface structure, and the super-structured surface structure is composed of super-structured surface units.
Based on the coordinate system with the geometric center point of the super-structured surface structure as the origin of coordinates, the set bar is satisfiedCharacterizing the phase distribution of each position of the super-structured surface structure after regulating and controlling the left-handed polarized lightAnd the phase distribution after the right-handed polarized light is regulated>，/> and />Together forming a target phase profile; the set conditions include achieving total reflection for incident left-handed polarized light and transmission for incident right-handed polarized light to form a Bessel beam.
In this embodiment, the super-structured surface needs to achieve a total reflection function when the left-handed polarized light is incident, so as to achieve the maximum power propulsion of the light sail. The super-structured surface needs to realize the function of a transmission Bessel beam generator when the right-handed polarized light is incident, thereby realizing the self-stabilizing propulsion function of the light sail.
Further, the super-structure surface unit is composed of an array structure composed of a plurality of dielectric nano-pillars 110, and the rotation angle of the dielectric nano-pillars 110 at each position of the super-structure surface structureTransmission phase along the main axis directionThe following constraints are satisfied:
wherein the angular momentum and the angular momentum of photons are selected for high efficiencyEfficiency of coupling orbital angular momentum to each other, transmission phaseShould be covered with->Phase position.
In this embodiment, when the light sail is manufactured, a dielectric layer may be first manufactured on a silicon wafer substrate, then an electron beam photoresist is spin-coated on the dielectric layer, a designed pattern is written and developed, and finally a super-structured surface pattern may be written in the dielectric layer by using a reactive ion beam etching process, thereby obtaining a required super-structured surface structure.
Further, the types of the dielectric nano-pillars 110 may be m, where m is the order of the super-structured surface unit structure, and the phase difference between the m dielectric nano-pillars 110 is，/>。
Further, referring to fig. 10 again, the super-structure surface unit may be composed of an array structure formed by a plurality of dielectric nano-pillars 110, where the dielectric nano-pillars 110 include at least two different long-axis lengths L, short-axis lengths W, heights H, or periods P of the super-structure surface unit structure.
In one possible embodiment, the dielectric nanopillars 110 may be disposed on a substrate, which may be circular, quadrilateral, hexagonal, octagonal, and decahexagonal, without limitation herein. When the substrate is quadrilateral, the length of the quadrilateral substrate is P x Width P y . Illustratively, the period P of the super-structured surface element structure may be P x =P y The height of the dielectric nano-pillars 110 may be h=600nm=420 nm, and at this time, by changing the rotation angles of the plurality of dielectric nano-pillars 110, a super-structured surface structure can be formed, so as to be further applied to the optical sail.
Further, the material of the dielectric nanopillar 110 may include one or more of silicon, titanium dioxide, and silicon nitride.
Specifically, the material selection of the dielectric nanopillars 110 is dependent on the wavelength of the incident light, and the dielectric constants and thus the refractive indices of the dielectric nanopillars 110 of different materials are different. When the wavelength of the incident light is different, the electromagnetic response characteristics of the dielectric nanopillars 110 of different materials are different, and the efficiency of the dielectric nanopillars 110 is higher at a specific wavelength, however, if the wavelength is changed, the efficiency is significantly reduced. Thus, the selection of the dielectric nanopillar 110 material should be made after the wavelength of the incident light is selected, in combination with electromagnetic simulation.
In summary, according to the method for constructing the optical sail and the optical sail provided by the embodiments of the present application, the optical sail surface has the super-structured surface structure, the geometric center point of the super-structured surface structure is used as the origin of coordinates to establish a coordinate system, and the target phase distribution satisfying the set condition is determined; acquiring phase values of a plurality of alternative super-structure surface units with different geometric parameters, which are regulated and controlled for left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light; and selecting target super-constructed surface units conforming to the target phase distribution from the alternative super-constructed surface units according to the phase values of the alternative super-constructed surface units, so that the target super-constructed surface units are combined and constructed into the light sail, the light sail can realize self-stable propulsion, the self-stable propulsion power utilization rate is high, and the energy utilization rate of the light sail is effectively improved.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely illustrative of various embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about variations or substitutions within the scope of the present application, and the application is intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method of constructing a light sail, wherein the light sail surface has a super-structured surface structure comprised of super-structured surface elements, the method comprising:
based on a coordinate system taking a geometric center point of the super-structure surface structure as a coordinate origin, determining phase distribution of each position of the super-structure surface structure, which is characterized by meeting a set condition, after regulating and controlling the left-handed polarized lightAnd the phase distribution after the right-handed polarized light is regulated>，/> and />Together forming a target phase profile; the setting conditions comprise that total reflection is realized for incident left-handed polarized light, and transmission is realized for incident right-handed polarized light to form Bessel beams;
the saidThe following constraints are satisfied:
has a value of 0 or->And in the constructed coordinate system, the position and phase distribution where the phase distribution is 0 are +.>The positions of (2) are staggered in the X direction and the Y direction;
the saidThe following constraints are satisfied:
wherein ,alpha is the cone angle of the Bessel beam, which is the center wavelength of the incident light;
acquiring phase values of a plurality of alternative super-structure surface units with different geometric parameters after regulation and control for left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light;
selecting target super-structure surface units conforming to the target phase distribution from the candidate super-structure surface units according to the phase values of the candidate super-structure surface units;
the super-structure surface unit consists of an array structure formed by a plurality of medium nano-columns, and the rotation angles of the nano-columns at each position of the super-structure surface structureAnd a transmission phase in the main axis direction +.>The following constraints are satisfied:
wherein ,cover->A phase;
the target super-structured surface unit combination is constructed into a light sail.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the super-structured surface unit is comprised of an array structure of a plurality of dielectric nanopillars; the geometric parameters of the super-structured surface unit include one or more of the length L of the long axis, the length W of the short axis, the height H of the dielectric nano-pillar, and the period P of the super-structured surface unit structure.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the
The step of obtaining the phase values of the plurality of alternative super-structure surface units with different geometric parameters after the adjustment and control for the left-handed polarized light and the right-handed polarized light comprises the following steps:
and calculating phase adjustment simulation data corresponding to the geometric parameters of different super-structure surface units through simulation software to obtain phase distribution of each alternative super-structure surface unit regulated and controlled for the left-handed polarized light and phase distribution regulated and controlled for the right-handed polarized light.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the dielectric nanopillar species is m, where m is the order of the super-structured surface unit structure, and the phase difference between the m dielectric nanopillar structures is，/>。
5. A light sail, characterized in that the light sail surface has a super-structured surface structure, the super-structured surface structure being comprised of super-structured surface units;
the super-structure surface unit consists of an array structure formed by a plurality of medium nano-columns, and the rotation angles of the nano-columns at each position of the super-structure surface structureAnd a transmission phase in the main axis direction +.>The following constraints are satisfied:
wherein ,cover->A phase;
based on a coordinate system with a geometric center point of the super-structure surface structure as a coordinate origin, representing phase distribution of each position of the super-structure surface structure after regulating and controlling the left-handed polarized light under the condition of meeting a set conditionAnd the phase distribution after the right-handed polarized light is regulated>，/> and />Together forming a target phase profile; the setting conditions comprise that total reflection is realized for incident left-handed polarized light, and transmission is realized for incident right-handed polarized light to form Bessel beams;
the saidThe following constraints are satisfied:
has a value of 0 or->And in the constructed coordinate system, the position and phase distribution where the phase distribution is 0 are +.>The positions of (2) are staggered in the X direction and the Y direction;
the saidThe following constraints are satisfied:
wherein ,for the central wavelength of the incident light, α is the Bessel beamTaper angle.
6. The light sail of claim 5, wherein the dielectric nanopillar species is m, where m is the order of the super-structured surface unit structures, and the phase difference between the m dielectric nanopillar structures is，/>。
7. The light sail of claim 6, wherein the super-structured surface element is comprised of an array of a plurality of dielectric nano-pillars, the dielectric nano-pillars comprising at least two different long axis lengths L, short axis lengths W, heights H, or periods P of super-structured surface element structure.
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