CN116539096A - Transformer state monitoring system based on Internet of things - Google Patents
Transformer state monitoring system based on Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- CN116539096A CN116539096A CN202310539603.8A CN202310539603A CN116539096A CN 116539096 A CN116539096 A CN 116539096A CN 202310539603 A CN202310539603 A CN 202310539603A CN 116539096 A CN116539096 A CN 116539096A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of transformer state monitoring, and discloses a transformer state monitoring system based on the Internet of things, which comprises a wireless sensor node, a relay terminal, a monitoring center and an unmanned plane; the relay terminal is used for dividing the wireless sensor node into a cluster head node and a member node; the member node is used for transmitting the acquired transformer data to the cluster head node; the cluster head node is used for transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal; the relay terminal is used for transmitting the transformer data to the monitoring center; the relay terminal is used for detecting the state of the cluster head node according to the transformer data and judging whether the offline cluster head node exists or not; the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for flying to the upper air of the offline cluster head node according to the coordinates, and sending the number of the newly obtained cluster head node to each member node in the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs and the cluster head nodes adjacent to the offline cluster head node. The invention can timely recover the forwarding capability of the transformer data of the area where the offline cluster head node is located.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of transformer state monitoring, in particular to a transformer state monitoring system based on the Internet of things.
Background
In the prior art, when a wireless sensor node is used to monitor the state of a transformer in a transformer substation or the like, an ad hoc network mode is generally adopted to form a wireless sensor network for transmitting transformer data. In the wireless sensor network, wireless sensor nodes are divided into cluster head nodes and member nodes, and the cluster head nodes are responsible for collecting and forwarding transformer data of a cluster where the cluster head nodes are located and forwarding the transformer data transmitted by other cluster head nodes. This also results in that when a cluster head node suddenly exits from operation, the area where the cluster head node is located cannot forward the transformer data. However, since the time between two adjacent clusters is generally longer, the transformer data in the area where the cluster head node is located cannot be transmitted to the monitoring center in time, which affects the monitoring of the state of the transformer and is not beneficial to finding the abnormal state of the transformer in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a transformer state monitoring system based on the Internet of things, which solves the problem of how to process an area where a cluster head node which suddenly exits from working is located in the process of transmitting transformer data through a wireless sensor network, so that the forwarding capacity of the transformer data in the area where the cluster head node is located is recovered in time, and the abnormal state of a transformer is ensured to be found in time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a transformer state monitoring system based on the Internet of things, which comprises a wireless sensor node, a relay terminal, a monitoring center and an unmanned plane, wherein the wireless sensor node is connected with the relay terminal;
the relay terminal is used for clustering the wireless sensor nodes, and dividing the wireless sensor nodes into cluster head nodes and member nodes;
the member nodes are used for acquiring transformer data of the transformer and transmitting the transformer data to the cluster head nodes;
the cluster head node is used for transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal;
the relay terminal is used for transmitting the transformer data to the monitoring center;
the relay terminal is used for detecting the state of the cluster head node according to the transformer data, judging whether an offline cluster head node exists, if so, re-acquiring the cluster head node of the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs, and sending the number of the newly acquired cluster head node and the coordinates of the offline cluster head node to the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for flying to the upper air of the offline cluster head node according to the coordinates, sending the number of the newly obtained cluster head node to each member node in the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs, and sending the number of the newly obtained cluster head node to the cluster head node adjacent to the offline cluster head node.
Preferably, clustering the wireless sensor nodes, and dividing the wireless sensor nodes into cluster head nodes and member nodes, includes:
periodically meshing a monitoring area of the wireless sensor node, and dividing the monitoring area of the wireless sensor node into a plurality of grids with equal areas;
respectively calculating a clustering value of each wireless sensor node in the grid;
taking the wireless sensor node with the highest clustering value as a cluster head node in the grid;
and taking other wireless sensor nodes in the grid as member nodes of the cluster corresponding to the grid.
Preferably, the relay terminal is further configured to number the grids, and send a list of member nodes and a list of cluster head nodes in each grid to the wireless sensor node;
the list of the member nodes comprises the number of each member node and the number of the grid to which each member node belongs;
the list of cluster head nodes comprises the number of each cluster head node and the number of the grid to which each cluster head node belongs.
Preferably, the transformer data comprises the current of the transformer, the voltage of the transformer, the pressure of the transformer oil, the temperature of the transformer oil and the amplitude of the transformer.
Preferably, transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal includes:
judging whether the relay terminal is in the communication range of the relay terminal, if so, directly transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal;
if not, the transformer data is sent to another cluster head node in the communication range.
Preferably, reacquiring the cluster head node of the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs includes:
and arranging the cluster values in the grid in a second wireless sensor node to serve as the cluster head node of the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs.
Preferably, the monitoring center comprises a database module, an analysis module and a monitoring module;
the database module is used for storing transformer data;
the analysis module is used for analyzing the transformer data and acquiring the state condition of the transformer;
the monitoring module is used for displaying the state condition of the transformer and the transformer data.
Preferably, analyzing the transformer data to obtain a state condition of the transformer includes:
judging whether the transformer data exceeds the corresponding normal value range, if so, indicating that the state of the transformer is abnormal, and if not, indicating that the state of the transformer is normal.
In the invention, in the process of monitoring the state of the transformer, whether off-line cluster head nodes exist is judged through the relay terminal, when the off-line cluster head nodes exist, the cluster head nodes in the corresponding clusters are obtained again, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is utilized to send the numbers of the newly obtained cluster head nodes to the member nodes in the corresponding clusters and the adjacent cluster head nodes, so that under the condition that the clustering of all wireless sensor nodes is not needed again and the routing structure is modified at the minimum, the next clustering is not needed, and the forwarding capacity of the transformer data in the area where the off-line cluster head nodes exist is recovered in time, thereby ensuring that the abnormal state of the transformer can be found in time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transformer state monitoring system based on the internet of things according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of clustering wireless sensor nodes according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the application, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
The invention provides a transformer state monitoring system based on the Internet of things, which is shown in an embodiment of fig. 1 and comprises a wireless sensor node, a relay terminal, a monitoring center and an unmanned plane;
the relay terminal is used for clustering the wireless sensor nodes, and dividing the wireless sensor nodes into cluster head nodes and member nodes;
the member nodes are used for acquiring transformer data of the transformer and transmitting the transformer data to the cluster head nodes;
the cluster head node is used for transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal;
the relay terminal is used for transmitting the transformer data to the monitoring center;
the relay terminal is used for detecting the state of the cluster head node according to the transformer data, judging whether an offline cluster head node exists, if so, re-acquiring the cluster head node of the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs, and sending the number of the newly acquired cluster head node and the coordinates of the offline cluster head node to the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for flying to the upper air of the offline cluster head node according to the coordinates, sending the number of the newly obtained cluster head node to each member node in the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs, and sending the number of the newly obtained cluster head node to the cluster head node adjacent to the offline cluster head node.
In the invention, whether off-line cluster head nodes exist or not is judged through the relay terminal in the process of monitoring the state of the transformer, when the off-line cluster head nodes exist, the cluster head nodes in the corresponding clusters are obtained again, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is utilized to send the numbers of the newly obtained cluster head nodes to the member nodes in the corresponding clusters and the adjacent cluster head nodes, so that the forwarding capacity of the transformer data in the area where the off-line cluster head nodes exist is restored under the condition that all wireless sensor nodes are not required to be clustered again and the routing structure is modified at the minimum, and the abnormal state of the transformer can be found timely.
In the present invention, cluster head nodes adjacent to an offline cluster head node refer to cluster head nodes whose values are in the communication range of the offline cluster head node. After informing the numbers of the new cluster head nodes to the adjacent cluster head nodes, the adjacent cluster head nodes can modify the numbers of the discrete cluster head nodes into the numbers of the new cluster head nodes in the routing table. Therefore, the large change of the whole routing structure is avoided, and the normal transmission of the transformer data is ensured.
Specifically, the unmanned aerial vehicle is parked near the relay terminal in the time of no flight, and can communicate with the relay terminal through wireless communication or wired communication.
Preferably, after the unmanned aerial vehicle sends out the number of the newly obtained cluster head node, the unmanned aerial vehicle flies back to the vicinity of the relay terminal to be standby.
Specifically, the monitoring system of the invention can be applied to the places such as substations, power distribution stations and the like with larger range and more transformers than price. By using the wireless sensor node as a means of data transmission, the situation that too many communication lines are arranged and operation and maintenance are difficult can be avoided. Because the communication lines need to be serviced regularly. Communication lines are often located in locations that are difficult for some personnel to reach, even underground, which can result in difficult operations and maintenance.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the wireless sensor nodes are clustered, and the wireless sensor nodes are divided into cluster head nodes and member nodes, including:
periodically meshing a monitoring area of the wireless sensor node, and dividing the monitoring area of the wireless sensor node into a plurality of grids with equal areas;
respectively calculating a clustering value of each wireless sensor node in the grid;
taking the wireless sensor node with the highest clustering value as a cluster head node in the grid;
and taking other wireless sensor nodes in the grid as member nodes of the cluster corresponding to the grid.
In the invention, after grid division, clustering is carried out again, and the clustering period is consistent with the grid division period. Through grid division, the cluster head nodes can be distributed more uniformly. The wireless sensor nodes in the same grid act as wireless sensor nodes in the same cluster.
The wireless sensor node with the highest clustering value is selected as the cluster head node, and the wireless sensor node with the strongest data forwarding capacity can be selected, so that the data forwarding persistence of the transformer data is improved.
Preferably, the wireless sensor node monitoring area is periodically meshed, and the wireless sensor node monitoring area is divided into a plurality of grids with equal areas, including:
calculating the area of the grid:
netare t+1 and netare t The areas of the grids of the (t+1) th and (t) th grid division periods are respectively represented, t is greater than or equal to 1, epsilon represents a ratio value, 0<ε<1, map represents the maximum value of a predetermined meshing period, datasum t In the t-th period, the working state value of the wireless sensor node is represented, datastd represents a preset standard value of the working state value, and sdtare represents a preset area constant;
datasum t the calculation function of (2) is:
and->Respectively representing energy expenditure weight and data transmission weight,/-respectively>nodeu t Representing a set of wireless sensor nodes online during the t-th meshing period, csmer i,t Representing the power consumed by the wireless sensor node i in the t-th meshing period, num t Represents the total number of wireless sensor nodes on line in the t-th meshing period, enrfc represents the preset variance upper limit value of consumed electric quantity, cnodeu t Representing the t-th netAggregation of cluster head nodes online in grid division period j,t Indicating the size, numc, of transformer data forwarded by the on-line cluster head node j during the t-th meshing period t The total number of cluster head nodes on line in the t-th meshing period is represented, and datafc represents an upper limit value of a preset variance of the size of the forwarded transformer data;
dividing a monitoring area of the wireless sensor node into a plurality of areas which are netares t+1 Is a grid of (c) a plurality of grids.
In the invention, the size of the grid is variable, and the larger the number of the grid dividing periods is, namely the larger the value of t is, the larger the working state value is, the smaller the area of the grid is, so that the electric quantity consumption among the wireless sensor nodes can be more effectively balanced. Because if the size of the grid is kept unchanged, after more rounds of grid division periods, the residual electric quantity of the cluster head nodes is relatively small, and because the cluster head nodes still need to be responsible for more quantity, the cluster head nodes can not stay for the next grid division period and exit from working, so that the transmission of the data of the transformer is affected, and the abnormal state of the transformer cannot be found timely. In the function of calculating the area of the grid, the larger the working state value is, the faster the area of the grid is reduced, so that the probability of supporting the cluster head node to the next grid division period is improved, and the balance effect on the electric quantity among the wireless sensor nodes is further improved.
The working state value is obtained by calculating the variance of the consumed electric quantity and the variance of the size of the forwarded transformer data in the t-th grid division period, and the larger the variance of the consumed electric quantity is, the larger the variance of the size of the transformer data is, the unbalanced electric quantity consumption of the wireless sensor is represented, so that the working state value can effectively improve the effect of balancing the electric quantity.
Preferably, the area of the grid is a preset value when the grid division is performed for the first time.
Preferably, the monitoring area of the wireless sensor node is the area where all transformers are located.
Preferably, the calculation function of the clustering value is:
calcvalu q,t+1 clustering value, nlsw, of wireless sensor node q at t+1st meshing period q,t Representing the residual electric quantity of the wireless sensor node q after the t-th meshing period q Representing the maximum electric quantity carried by the wireless sensor node q and Ncv q Indicating a total number of wireless sensor nodes having a distance from the wireless sensor node q smaller than a communication radius of the wireless sensor node q, ncvmx indicating a preset first constant, ditsct q Represents the distance between the wireless sensor node q and the relay terminal, and mxhitsct represents the maximum value of the distance between the wireless sensor node and the relay terminal, dscrt q,t In the first t meshing periods, the number of times of offline cluster head nodes in the range with the radius of D and taking the wireless sensor node q as the center is represented, mxdscrt represents a preset second constant, ars represents the weight of the residual electric quantity, brs represents the weight of the total number of wireless sensor nodes, crs represents the weight of the distance, and drs represents the weight of the number of times of offline cluster head nodes.
In the invention, the larger the residual electric quantity of the wireless sensor node q, the larger the total number of the wireless sensor nodes with the distance smaller than the communication radius of the wireless sensor node q and the relay terminal, the smaller the distance between the wireless sensor nodes and the relay terminal, and the smaller the number of times of off-line cluster head nodes, the larger the cluster value. The wireless sensor nodes with long residual endurance time, large coverage range, small distance with the relay terminal and small offline probability have large clustering values, and high-quality cluster head nodes can be selected. Compared with the energy and distance which are often considered in the prior art, the invention also considers the aspect of the number of times of offline cluster head nodes, because the working voltage of the transformer is different, the surrounding electromagnetic environment is different, the probability that the wireless sensor nodes near the transformer are affected by the transformer with part of higher working voltage is larger, and the wireless sensor nodes can suddenly exit working due to the influence of the electromagnetic environment, therefore, the invention considers the factor of the number of times of offline cluster head nodes, and can lead the selected wireless sensor nodes to have stronger data forwarding capability.
Preferably, the relay terminal is further configured to number the grids, and send a list of member nodes and a list of cluster head nodes in each grid to the wireless sensor node;
the list of the member nodes comprises the number of each member node and the number of the grid to which each member node belongs;
the list of cluster head nodes comprises the number of each cluster head node and the number of the grid to which each cluster head node belongs.
In the invention, after receiving the list of member nodes and the list of cluster head nodes, the wireless sensor node can know the identity of the wireless sensor node according to the number of the wireless sensor node. Then the cluster head node of the slave cluster where the cluster head node is can be found according to the serial number of the grid.
Preferably, the transformer data comprises the current of the transformer, the voltage of the transformer, the pressure of the transformer oil, the temperature of the transformer oil and the amplitude of the transformer.
Preferably, transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal includes:
judging whether the relay terminal is in the communication range of the relay terminal, if so, directly transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal;
if not, the transformer data is sent to another cluster head node in the communication range.
In the invention, when the cluster head node cannot directly communicate with the relay terminal, the cluster head node is transmitted to another cluster head node in a transfer transmission mode, and the cluster head node is continuously transferred to reach the relay terminal.
Preferably, reacquiring the cluster head node of the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs includes:
and arranging the cluster values in the grid in a second wireless sensor node to serve as the cluster head node of the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs.
Because the clustering value is calculated during grid division, the optimal cluster head node can be obtained quickly by directly utilizing the calculation result.
Preferably, the monitoring center comprises a database module, an analysis module and a monitoring module;
the database module is used for storing transformer data;
the analysis module is used for analyzing the transformer data and acquiring the state condition of the transformer;
the monitoring module is used for displaying the state condition of the transformer and the transformer data.
The detection module can comprise a comprehensive monitoring large screen, and the state condition of the transformer and the transformer data are displayed in the comprehensive monitoring large screen.
Preferably, analyzing the transformer data to obtain a state condition of the transformer includes:
judging whether the transformer data exceeds the corresponding normal value range, if so, indicating that the state of the transformer is abnormal, and if not, indicating that the state of the transformer is normal.
For example, when the temperature of the transformer oil exceeds the normal value range, that is, is greater than the corresponding temperature threshold, the state condition of the transformer is indicated as an abnormal state.
As long as one type of transformer data is out of the corresponding normal value range, the state condition of the transformer is judged as an abnormal state.
Preferably, detecting the status of the cluster head node includes:
the status of the head node is periodically checked,
for the cluster head node cstnode, if the relay terminal does not receive the transformer data forwarded by the cstnode within the period of the preset length, the relay terminal indicates that the cstnode is an offline cluster head node.
Because the member nodes continuously collect the transformer data, when the relay terminal does not receive the transformer data forwarded by the cstnode within the period of the preset length, the relay terminal indicates that the cstnode is offline.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The transformer state monitoring system based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising a wireless sensor node, a relay terminal, a monitoring center and an unmanned aerial vehicle;
the relay terminal is used for clustering the wireless sensor nodes, and dividing the wireless sensor nodes into cluster head nodes and member nodes;
the member nodes are used for acquiring transformer data of the transformer and transmitting the transformer data to the cluster head nodes;
the cluster head node is used for transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal;
the relay terminal is used for transmitting the transformer data to the monitoring center;
the relay terminal is used for detecting the state of the cluster head node according to the transformer data, judging whether an offline cluster head node exists, if so, re-acquiring the cluster head node of the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs, and sending the number of the newly acquired cluster head node and the coordinates of the offline cluster head node to the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for flying to the upper air of the offline cluster head node according to the coordinates, sending the number of the newly obtained cluster head node to each member node in the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs, and sending the number of the newly obtained cluster head node to the cluster head node adjacent to the offline cluster head node.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the wireless sensor nodes are clustered to form cluster head nodes and member nodes, and the system comprises:
periodically meshing a monitoring area of the wireless sensor node, and dividing the monitoring area of the wireless sensor node into a plurality of grids with equal areas;
respectively calculating a clustering value of each wireless sensor node in the grid;
taking the wireless sensor node with the highest clustering value as a cluster head node in the grid;
and taking other wireless sensor nodes in the grid as member nodes of the cluster corresponding to the grid.
3. The transformer state monitoring system based on the internet of things according to claim 2, wherein the relay terminal is further configured to number the grids, and send a list of member nodes and a list of cluster head nodes in each grid to the wireless sensor node;
the list of the member nodes comprises the number of each member node and the number of the grid to which each member node belongs;
the list of cluster head nodes comprises the number of each cluster head node and the number of the grid to which each cluster head node belongs.
4. The internet of things-based transformer condition monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the transformer data comprises a current of the transformer, a voltage of the transformer, a pressure of the transformer oil, a temperature of the transformer oil, and an amplitude of the transformer.
5. The transformer state monitoring system based on the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal comprises:
judging whether the relay terminal is in the communication range of the relay terminal, if so, directly transmitting the transformer data to the relay terminal;
if not, the transformer data is sent to another cluster head node in the communication range.
6. The transformer state monitoring system based on the internet of things according to claim 2, wherein the cluster head node of the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs is reacquired, comprising:
and arranging the cluster values in the grid in a second wireless sensor node to serve as the cluster head node of the cluster to which the offline cluster head node belongs.
7. The transformer state monitoring system based on the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring center comprises a database module, an analysis module and a monitoring module;
the database module is used for storing transformer data;
the analysis module is used for analyzing the transformer data and acquiring the state condition of the transformer;
the monitoring module is used for displaying the state condition of the transformer and the transformer data.
8. The system for monitoring the state of a transformer based on the internet of things of claim 7, wherein analyzing the transformer data to obtain the state of the transformer comprises:
judging whether the transformer data exceeds the corresponding normal value range, if so, indicating that the state of the transformer is abnormal, and if not, indicating that the state of the transformer is normal.
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