CN116529410A - 冷轧热处理钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
冷轧热处理钢板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116529410A CN116529410A CN202080107605.4A CN202080107605A CN116529410A CN 116529410 A CN116529410 A CN 116529410A CN 202080107605 A CN202080107605 A CN 202080107605A CN 116529410 A CN116529410 A CN 116529410A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- -1 and furthermore Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001568 polygonal ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000003689 pubic bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007571 dilatometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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Abstract
一种冷轧热处理钢板,具有包含以下元素的组成:0.1%≤碳≤0.5%、1%≤锰≤3.4%、0.5%≤硅≤2.5%、0.01%≤铝≤1.5%、0.05%≤铬≤1%、0.001%≤铌≤0.1%、0%≤硫≤0.003%、0.002%≤磷≤0.02%、0%≤氮≤0.01%、0%≤钼≤0.5%、0.001%≤钛≤0.1%、0.01%≤铜≤2%、0.01%≤镍≤3%、0.0001%≤钙≤0.005%、0%≤钒≤0.1%、0%≤硼≤0.003%、0%≤铈≤0.1%、0%≤镁≤0.010%、0%≤锆≤0.010%,剩余组成由铁和不可避免的杂质构成,以及所述轧制钢板的显微组织以面积分数计包含10%至60%的贝氏体、5%至50%的铁素体、5%至25%的残余奥氏体、2%至20%的马氏体、0%至25%的回火马氏体,余量为含量应为1%至45%的退火马氏体。
Description
本发明涉及适合于用作汽车用钢板的冷轧热处理钢板。
汽车部件需要满足两个不一致的需求,即易于成形和强度,但是近年来,考虑到全球环境问题,还给予汽车改善燃料消耗的第三个要求。因此,现在汽车部件必须由具有高成形性的材料制成,以便符合复杂汽车组装中的易于装配的标准,并且同时必须在减轻车辆的重量以改善燃料效率的同时改善对于车辆抗撞性和耐久性的强度。
因此,进行了大量的研究和开发努力以通过增加材料的强度来减少汽车中使用的材料的量。相反地,钢板强度的增加降低成形性,因此需要开发具有高强度和高成形性二者的材料。
高强度高成形性钢板领域中的较早的研究和开发已经产生了多种用于制造高强度高成形性钢板的方法,本文列举了其中的一些以便对本发明作出最终理解:
EP3144406专利要求保护具有优异的延性的高强度冷轧钢板,其以重量%计包含:碳(C):0.1%至0.3%、硅(Si):0.1%至2.0%、铝(Al):0.005%至1.5%、锰(Mn):1.5%至3.0%、磷(P):0.04%或更少(不包括0%)、硫(S):0.015%或更少(不包括0%)、氮(N):0.02%或更少(不包括0%)、以及剩余部分的铁(Fe)和不可避免的杂质,其中硅和铝之和(Si+Al)(重量%)满足1.0%或更大,以及其中显微组织以面积分数计包含:5%或更少的短轴与长轴之比为0.4或更大的多边形铁素体、70%或更少(不包括0%)的短轴与长轴之比为0.4或更小的针状铁素体、25%或更少(不包括0%)的针状残余奥氏体、以及剩余部分的马氏体。此外,EP3144406设想了具有780MPa或更大的抗拉强度的高强度钢。
EP3009527提供了具有优异的延伸率、优异的延伸凸缘性和高屈服比的高强度冷轧钢板及其制造方法。该高强度冷轧钢板具有组成和显微组织。组成基于质量包含0.15%至0.27%的C、0.8%至2.4%的Si、2.3%至3.5%的Mn、0.08%或更少的P、0.005%或更少的S、0.01%至0.08%的Al和0.010%或更少的N,剩余部分为铁和不可避免的杂质。显微组织包含:平均晶粒尺寸为5μm或更小且体积分数为3%至20%的铁素体、体积分数为5%至20%的残余奥氏体、以及体积分数为5%至20%的马氏体,剩余部分为贝氏体和/或回火马氏体。晶粒尺寸为2μm或更小的残余奥氏体、晶粒尺寸为2μm或更小的马氏体、或其混合相的总数量为每2,000μm2平行于钢板的轧制方向的厚度截面150个或更多。EP3009527的钢板能够达到960MPA或更大的强度,但是不能实现20%或更大的延伸率。
本发明的目的是通过提供同时具有以下的冷轧热处理钢板来解决这些问题:
-大于或等于960MPa,优选地高于980MPa的极限抗拉强度,
-大于或等于20%,优选地高于21%的总延伸率。
在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的钢板的屈服强度大于或等于475MPa。
在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的钢板的屈服强度/抗拉强度之比为0.45或更大。
优选地,这样的钢还可以具有良好的成形适合性(对于轧制尤其如此)以及良好的焊接性和涂覆性。
本发明的另一个目的还在于提供与常规工业应用相容同时对于制造参数改变是稳健的用于制造这些板的方法。
本发明的冷轧热处理钢板可以任选地涂覆有锌或锌合金,或者涂覆有铝或铝合金以改善其抗腐蚀性。
碳以0.1%至0.5%存在于钢中。碳是通过产生低温转变相例如马氏体来增加本发明的钢的强度所必需的元素,此外,碳在奥氏体稳定化中也起着关键作用,因此其为用于确保残余奥氏体所必需的元素。因此,碳起着两个关键作用,一个是增加强度,另一个是保持奥氏体以赋予延性。但是碳含量小于0.1%将不能以本发明的钢所需的足够量使奥氏体稳定化。另一方面,在碳含量超过0.5%时,钢表现出差的点焊性,这限制其用于汽车部件的应用。碳的优选限度为0.15%至0.45%,并且更优选的限度为0.15%至0.3%。
本发明的钢的锰含量为1%至3.4%。该元素为γ源的(gammagenous)。添加锰的目的实质上是为了获得包含奥氏体的组织。锰是使奥氏体在室温下稳定以获得残余奥氏体的元素。为了向本发明的钢提供强度和淬透性以及使奥氏体稳定,锰的至少约1重量%的量是强制性的。因此,本发明优选较高百分比的锰,例如3%。但是当锰含量大于3.4%时,其产生不利的影响例如其在用于贝氏体转变的等温保持期间阻碍奥氏体向贝氏体的转变。此外,锰含量高于3.4%还会使本发明的钢的焊接性劣化,以及可能会无法实现延性目标。锰的优选范围为1.2%和2.8%,并且更优选的范围为1.3%至2.4%。
本发明的钢的硅含量为0.5%至2.5%。硅是可以在过时效期间阻止碳化物的析出的成分,因此,由于硅的存在,富含碳的奥氏体在室温下是稳定的。此外,由于硅在碳化物中的溶解度差,其有效地抑制或阻止碳化物的形成,因此还促进在贝氏体组织中形成低密度碳化物,根据本发明这是所寻求的以赋予本发明的钢以其基本机械特性。然而,不成比例的硅含量不会产生所提及的效果并且导致诸如回火脆化的问题。因此,将浓度控制在2.5%的上限以内。硅的优选限度为0.8%至2%,并且更优选的限度为1.3%至1.9%。
铝的含量为0.01%至1.5%。在本发明中,铝除去钢水中存在的氧以防止氧在凝固过程期间形成气相。铝还使钢中的氮固定以形成铝氮化物以便减小晶粒的尺寸。高于1.5%的较高铝含量使Ac3点升高至高温,从而降低生产率。铝的优选限度为0.01%至1%,并且更优选的限度为0.01%至0.5%。
本发明的钢的铬含量为0.05%至1%。铬是为钢提供强度和硬化的必需元素,但是当高于1%使用时,损害钢的表面光洁度。此外,低于1%的铬含量会使碳化物在贝氏体组织中的分散模式粗化,因此,保持碳化物的密度在贝氏体中是低的。铬的优选限度为0.1%至0.8%,并且更优选的限度为0.2%至0.6%。
铌以0.001%至0.1%存在于本发明的钢中,并且适合于形成碳氮化物以通过析出硬化赋予本发明的钢的强度。铌还将通过其析出为碳氮化物以及通过阻止在加热过程期间的再结晶而影响显微组织组分的尺寸。因此,在保温温度结束时并因此在退火完成之后形成的更细的显微组织将引起产品硬化。然而,铌含量高于0.1%在经济上得不到关注,因为观察到其影响的饱和作用,这意味着额外量的铌不会产生产品的任何强度改善。铌的优选限度为0.001%至0.09%,并且更优选的限度为0.001%至0.07%。
硫不是必需元素但是可能作为杂质包含在钢中,并且从本发明的观点出发,优选硫含量尽可能低,但是从制造成本的观点出发为0.003%或更少。此外,如果钢中存在较高的硫,则其尤其与锰结合以形成硫化物并且降低其对本发明的有益影响。
本发明的钢的磷成分为0.002%至0.02%,磷降低点焊性和热延性,特别地因为其倾向于在晶界处偏析或者与锰共偏析。出于这些原因,将其含量限制到0.02%,并且优选地低于0.013%。
将氮限制到0.01%,以避免材料老化并使在凝固期间对钢的机械特性有害的铝氮化物的析出最小化。钼是任选的元素,构成本发明的钢的0%至0.5%;钼在改善淬透性和硬度方面起着有效作用,延缓贝氏体的出现并且避免在贝氏体中析出碳化物。然而,添加钼过度增加合金元素的添加成本,使得出于经济原因,将其含量限制到0.5%。
与铌一样,钛是可以以0.001%至0.1%添加至本发明的钢中的任选元素,其与碳氮化物有关,因此在硬化方面起作用。但是其也形成在铸造产品的凝固期间出现的钛氮化物。因此将钛的量限制到0.1%以避免形成对成形性有害的粗大钛氮化物。在钛含量低于0.001%的情况下,不对本发明的钢赋予任何效果。钛的优选限度为0.001%至0.09%,并且更优选的限度为0.001%至0.07%。
铜可以作为任选的元素以0.01%至2%的量添加以增加钢的强度并改善其抗腐蚀性。为了获得这样的效果,需要最少0.01%。然而,当其含量高于2%时,其可能使表面外观劣化。
镍可以作为任选的元素以0.01%至3%的量添加以增加钢的强度并改善其韧性。为了获得这样的效果,需要最少0.01%。然而,当其含量高于3%时,镍导致延性劣化。
钙内容物是可以以0.0001%至0.005%添加在本发明的钢中的任选元素。钙作为任选的元素特别是在夹杂物处理期间添加至本发明的钢中。钙通过抑制呈球状形式的有害硫内容物,从而阻止硫的有害影响而有助于钢的精炼。
钒是由于其在通过形成碳化物或碳氮化物来增强钢的强度方面有效而可以添加的任选元素,并且从经济角度出发,上限为0.1%。
其他元素例如铈、硼、镁或锆可以以以下比例单独添加或以组合添加:铈≦0.1%、硼≦0.003%、镁≦0.010%和锆≦0.010%。多至所指出的最大含量水平,这些元素使得可以在凝固期间使晶粒细化。钢的组成的剩余部分由铁和加工中产生的不可避免的杂质组成。
根据本发明的钢板的显微组织以面积分数计包含10%至50%的贝氏体、5%至50%的铁素体、5%至25%的残余奥氏体、2%至20%的马氏体、0%至25%的回火马氏体、以及1%至45%的存在的退火马氏体。
显微组织中的相的表面分数通过以下方法来确定:从钢板切割试样,将试样抛光并用自身已知的试剂蚀刻以显露显微组织。此后,通过扫描电子显微镜,例如用具有场发射枪的扫描电子显微镜(“FEG-SEM”)以二次电子模式在大于5000x的放大倍数下检查该部分。
铁素体的分数的确定是在硝酸酒精溶液或苦醇/硝酸酒精溶液试剂蚀刻之后由SEM观察而进行的。
残余奥氏体的确定通过XRD来完成,以及对于回火马氏体,根据S.M.C.VanBohemen和J.Sietsma在Metallurgical and materials transactions中的出版物第40A卷,2009年5月,1059来进行膨胀测定法研究。
贝氏体以面积分数计构成本发明的钢的显微组织的10%至60%。为了确保20%的总延伸率,具有10%的贝氏体是强制性的。优选地,贝氏体的存在为12%至55%,并且更优选为13%至52%。
铁素体以面积分数计构成本发明的钢的显微组织的5%至50%。铁素体对本发明的钢赋予延伸率。本发明的钢的铁素体可以包含多边形铁素体、条状铁素体、针状铁素体、板状铁素体或外延铁素体。为了确保20%或更大的延伸率,必须具有5%的铁素体。本发明的铁素体在退火和退火之后进行的冷却期间形成。但是每当铁素体含量以高于50%存在于本发明的钢中时,由于铁素体降低抗拉强度和屈服强度二者并且还增加与硬相例如马氏体和贝氏体的硬度差距并且降低局部成形性的事实而不可能同时具有屈服强度和总延伸率二者。本发明的铁素体的存在的优选限度为6%至49%。
残余奥氏体以面积分数计构成钢的5%至25%。已知残余奥氏体具有比贝氏体更高的碳溶解度,并因此充当有效的碳阱,从而阻止在贝氏体中形成碳化物。本发明的残余奥氏体内的碳百分比优选高于0.9%,并且优选低于1.2%。根据本发明的钢的残余奥氏体赋予增强的延性。残余奥氏体的优选限度为8%至24%,并且更优选为12%至20%。
马氏体以面积分数计构成钢的2%至20%。马氏体赋予本发明的钢以抗拉强度。马氏体在过时效之后的冷却期间、冷却之后形成。马氏体的优选限度为3%至18%,并且更优选为4%至15%。
回火马氏体以面积分数计构成显微组织的0%至25%。当将钢在Tc最小至Tc最大下冷却并在过时效保温期间回火时,可以形成马氏体。回火马氏体赋予本发明延性和强度。当回火马氏体超过25%时,其赋予过高的强度,但是使延伸率减小至超过可接受的限度。回火马氏体的优选限度为0%至20%,并且更优选为0%至18%。
退火马氏体以面积分数计构成本发明的钢的显微组织的1%至45%。退火马氏体赋予本发明的钢以强度和成形性。退火马氏体在TS至Ac3的温度下的第二次退火期间形成。必须具有至少1%的这些显微组织成分以达到本发明的钢的目标延伸率,但是当量超过45%时,本发明的钢不能同时达到强度和延伸率。存在的优选限度为2%至40%,并且更优选为2%至35%。
除了上述显微组织之外,在不损害钢板的机械特性的情况下,冷轧热处理钢板的显微组织不含诸如珠光体的显微组织组分。
根据本发明的钢板可以通过任何合适的方法来制造。一种优选方法在于提供具有根据本发明的化学组成的钢的半成品铸件。铸件可以被制成锭料或者连续地呈薄板坯或薄带的形式,即厚度范围从对于板坯为约220mm到对于薄带为数十毫米。
例如,具有上述化学组成的板坯通过连续铸造而制造,其中板坯任选地在连续铸造过程期间经历直接轻压下以避免中心偏析并确保局部碳与标称碳之比保持低于1.10。通过连续铸造过程提供的板坯可以在连续铸造之后在高温下直接使用,或者可以首先冷却至室温,然后再加热以进行热轧。再加热温度为1100℃至1280℃。
经受热轧的板坯的温度优选为至少1200℃并且必须低于1280℃。如果板坯的温度低于1200℃,则对轧机施加过大的负荷,此外,钢的温度可能在精轧期间降低至铁素体转变温度,由此钢会在组织中包含转变铁素体的状态下被轧制。因此,板坯的温度还优选足够高,使得热轧可以在Ac3至Ac3+200℃的温度范围内完成并且终轧温度保持高于Ac3。必须避免在高于1280℃的温度下再加热,因为这在工业上是昂贵的。
优选Ac3至Ac3+200℃的终轧温度范围以具有有利于再结晶和轧制的组织。必需使终轧道次在高于Ac3的温度下进行,因为低于该温度,钢板表现出显著的可轧制性下降。然后将以这种方式获得的板以高于30℃/秒的平均冷却速率冷却到必须低于600℃的卷取温度。优选地,冷却速率将小于或等于200℃/秒,以及卷取温度优选低于570℃。
在低于600℃的卷取温度下对热轧钢板进行卷取以避免热轧钢板的椭圆化并且优选低于570℃以避免氧化皮形成。卷取温度的优选范围为350℃至570℃。将经卷取的热轧钢板在使其经受任选的热带退火之前冷却至室温。
可以使热轧钢板经受任选的氧化皮去除步骤以去除在热轧期间形成的氧化皮。然后可以使热轧板在400℃至750℃的温度下经受任选的热带退火至少12小时且不长于96小时,但是应该使温度保持低于750℃以避免使经热轧的显微组织部分转变并因此丧失显微组织均匀性。其后,可以例如通过对这样的钢板进行酸洗来进行任选的氧化皮去除步骤以去除氧化皮。以35%至90%的厚度压下率对该热轧钢板进行冷轧。然后使由冷轧过程获得的冷轧钢板经受两次退火循环以赋予本发明的钢以显微组织和机械特性。
在冷轧钢板的第一次退火中,将冷轧钢板以大于3℃/秒,优选地大于5℃/秒的加热速率HR1加热到TS至Ac3的均热温度TS1,其中本发明的钢的Ac3和TS通过使用下式来计算:
TS=830-260*C-25*Mn+22*Si+40*AI
Ac3=901-262*C-29*Mn+31*Si-12*Cr-155*Nb+86*AI
其中元素含量以重量百分比表示。
将钢板在TS1下保温10秒至500秒以确保强加工硬化初始组织的充分再结晶并且至少50%转变成奥氏体。然后将板以大于25℃/秒,优选地大于50℃/秒的冷却速率CR1冷却到室温。在该冷却期间,可以任选地将冷轧钢板保温在350℃至480℃的温度范围,优选地保温到380℃至450℃的范围,并且将保温时间保持10秒至500秒,然后将冷轧钢板冷却到室温以获得退火冷轧钢板。
然后对于第二次退火,将冷轧退火钢板以大于3℃/秒的加热速率HR2加热到TS至Ac3的第二退火均热温度TS2,其中:
TS=830-260*C-25*Mn+22*Si+40*Al
Ac3=901.262*C.29*Mn+31*Si-12*Cr-155*Nb+86*AI
其中元素含量以重量百分比表示,
持续10秒至500秒以确保充分的再结晶和转变从而获得最少50%的奥氏体显微组织。TS2温度总是低于或等于TS1温度。然后将板以大于20℃/秒,优选地大于30℃/秒,更优选地大于50℃/秒的冷却速率CR2冷却到为Tc最大至Tc最小的范围T耻内的温度。这些Tc最大和Tc最小如下限定:
Tc最大=565-601*(1-Exp(-0.868*C))-34*Mn-13*Si-10*Cr+13*Al-361*Nb
Tc最小=565-601*(1-Exp(-1.736*C))-34*Mn-13*Si-10*Cr+13*Al-361*Nb
其中元素含量以重量百分比表示。
其后,使冷轧退火钢板达到为380℃至580℃的温度范围TOA并保持10秒至500秒以确保形成足够量的贝氏体以及对马氏体进行回火从而赋予本发明的钢以目标机械特性。之后,将冷轧退火钢板以至少1℃/秒的冷却速率冷却到室温以形成马氏体,从而获得冷轧热处理钢板。TOA的优选温度范围为380℃至500℃,并且更优选为380℃至480℃。
然后可以任选地通过任何已知的工业方法(例如电镀锌、JVD、PVD、热浸(GI/GA)等)涂覆冷轧热处理钢板。电镀锌不会改变或修改所要求保护的冷轧热处理钢板的任何机械特性或显微组织。电镀锌可以通过任何常规的工业方法例如通过电镀完成。
本文呈现的以下测试、实施例、图示和表本质上是非限制性的,并且必须仅出于举例说明的目的而考虑,并且将显示本发明的有利特征。
表1中列举并收集了由具有不同组成的钢制成的钢板,其中分别根据如表2中所记录的工艺参数制造钢板。其后,表3收集了在试验期间获得的钢板的显微组织,以及表4收集了所获得的特性的评估结果。
表1描绘了具有以重量百分比表示的组成的钢。钢组成I1至I5用于制造根据本发明的板,该表还说明了在表中由R1至R4指定的参照钢组成。表1还用作本发明的钢与参照钢之间的比较列表。表1还示出了对于钢样品,通过以下等式限定Ac3的列表:
Ac3=901-262*C-29*Mn+31*Si-12*Cr-155*Nb+86*AI
表1在此:
表2
表2收集了对表1的钢实施的退火工艺参数。钢组成I1至I7用于制造根据本发明的板,该表还说明了在表中由R1至R5指定的参照钢。表2还示出了Tc最小和Tc最大的列表。对于本发明的钢和参照钢,这些Tc最大和Tc最小如下限定:
Tc最大=565-601*(1-Exp(-0.868*C))-34*Mn-13*Si-10*Cr+13*Al-361*Nb
Tc最小=565-601*(1-Exp(-1.736*C))-34*Mn-13*Si-10*Cr+13*Al-361*Nb
此外,在对本发明的钢以及对参照钢进行退火处理之前,将所有钢在热轧之后以40℃/秒的平均冷却速率冷却。然后如所声称的对热轧卷料进行加工,其后以30%至95%的厚度压下率进行冷轧。最终冷却速率高于1℃/秒。
使本发明的钢和参照钢二者的这些冷轧钢板经受如本文表2中列举的热处理:
表3
表3例示了根据标准在不同显微镜(例如扫描电子显微镜)上进行的测试以确定本发明的钢和参照钢二者的显微组织组成的结果。根据1970年6月的Metallurgicaltransactions第1卷的题为Structure and Properties of Thermal-MechanicallyTreated 304Stainless Steel的出版,通过磁饱和测量来测量残余奥氏体。通过用Aphelion软件和中断式膨胀测定法测试进行的图像分析来观察铁素体、贝氏体、回火马氏体和马氏体。
结果记录在此:
钢样品 | 贝氏体 | 铁素体 | 残余奥氏体 | 马氏体 | 回火马氏体 | 退火马氏体 |
I1 | 45 | 25 | 15 | 12 | 0 | 3 |
I2 | 42 | 25 | 16 | 11 | 0 | 6 |
I3 | 51 | 7 | 19 | 8 | 4 | 11 |
I4 | 14 | 46 | 17 | 8 | 7 | 8 |
I5 | 33 | 16 | 14 | 9 | 17 | 11 |
I6 | 40 | 19 | 17 | 5 | 9 | 10 |
I7 | 30 | 29 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 7 |
R1 | 15 | 60 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 0 |
R2 | 18 | 58 | 13 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
R3 | 20 | 28 | 18 | 24 | 10 | 0 |
R4 | 71 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
R5 | 7 | 48 | 12 | 21 | 12 | 0 |
I=根据本发明;R=参照;带下划线的值:非根据本发明。
表4
表4例示了本发明的钢和参照钢二者的机械特性。为了确定抗拉强度、屈服强度和总延伸率,根据2020年10月20日的第11版题为METALLIC MATERIALS-TENSILE TESTING-METHOD OF TEST AT ROOM TEMPERATURE发布的JIS Z2241标准进行拉伸测试。
在此之后根据标准进行的各机械测试的结果被制成表:
I=根据本发明;R=参照;带下划线的值:非根据本发明。
Claims (15)
1.一种冷轧热处理钢板,具有包含以重量百分比表示的以下元素的组成:
0.1%≤碳≤0.5%
1%≤锰≤3.4%
0.5%≤硅≤2.5%
0.01%≤铝≤1.5%
0.05%≤铬≤1%
0.001%≤铌≤0.1%
0%≤硫≤0.003%
0.002%≤磷≤0.02%
0%≤氮≤0.01%
以及能够包含以下任选的元素中的一者或更多者:
0%≤钼≤0.5%
0.001%≤钛≤0.1%
0.01%≤铜≤2%
0.01%≤镍≤3%
0.0001%≤钙≤0.005%
0%≤钒≤0.1%
0%≤硼≤0.003%
0%≤铈≤0.1%
0%≤镁≤0.010%
0%≤锆≤0.010%
剩余组成由铁和不可避免的杂质构成,以及所述轧制钢板的显微组织以面积分数计包含10%至60%的贝氏体、5%至50%的铁素体、5%至25%的残余奥氏体、2%至20%的马氏体、0%至25%的回火马氏体,余量为含量应为1%至45%的退火马氏体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冷轧热处理钢板,其中所述组成包含0.8%≦硅≦2%。
3.根据权利要求1至2所述的冷轧热处理钢板,其中所述组成包含1.2%≦锰≦2.8%。
4.根据权利要求1至3所述的冷轧热处理钢板,其中所述组成包含0.01%≦铝≦1%。
5.根据权利要求1至4所述的冷轧热处理钢板,其中所述组成包含0.001%≦铌≦0.09%。
6.根据权利要求1至5所述的冷轧热处理钢板,其中所述组成包含0.1%≦铬≦0.8%。
7.根据权利要求1至6所述的冷轧热处理钢板,其中所述退火马氏体为2%至40%。
8.根据权利要求1至7所述的冷轧热处理钢板,其中所述显微组织包含12%至55%的贝氏体。
9.根据权利要求1至8所述的冷轧热处理钢板,其中所述显微组织包含8%至24%的残余奥氏体。
10.根据权利要求1至10所述的冷轧热处理钢板,具有大于960MPa的抗拉强度和20%或更大的总延伸率。
11.根据权利要求1至11所述的冷轧热处理钢板,具有高于475MPa的屈服强度。
12.一种制造根据权利要求1至11所述的冷轧热处理钢板的方法,包括以下步骤:
-提供根据权利要求1至6中任一项的钢组成;
-将所述半成品再加热到1100℃至1280℃的温度;
-在其中热轧终轧温度应该高于Ac3的奥氏体范围内对所述半成品进行轧制以获得热轧钢板;
-将所述板以高于30℃/秒的平均冷却速率冷却到低于600℃的卷取温度;以及对所述热轧板进行卷取;
-将所述热轧板冷却到室温;
-任选地,对所述热轧钢板进行氧化皮去除步骤;
-任选地,在400℃至750℃的温度下对热轧钢板进行退火;
-任选地,对所述热轧钢板进行氧化皮去除步骤;
-以35%至90%的压下率对所述热轧钢板进行冷轧以获得冷轧钢板;
-然后通过将所述冷轧钢板以大于3℃/秒的速率HR1加热到为TS至Ac3的均热温度TS1来进行第一次退火,其中将所述冷轧钢板保温10秒至500秒;TS如下限定:
TS=830-260*C-25*mN+22*Si+40*Al
-然后将所述板以大于25℃/秒的速率冷却到至室温的温度,其中在冷却期间,能够任选地将所述冷轧钢板保温在350℃至480℃的温度范围持续10秒至500秒的时间以获得冷轧退火钢板;
-然后通过将所述冷轧退火钢板以大于3℃/秒的速率HR2加热到为TS至Ac3的均热温度TS2来进行第二次退火,其中将所述冷轧退火钢板保温10秒至500秒;
-然后将所述板以大于20℃/秒的速率CR2冷却到为Tc最大至Tc最小的温度范围T停止;其中Tc最大和Tc最小如下限定:
Tc最大=565-601*(1-Exp(-0.868*C))-34*Mn-13*Si-10*Cr+13*Al-361*Nb
Tc最小=565-601*(1-Exp(-1.736*C))-34*Mn-13*Si-10*Cr+13*Al-361*Nb
其中C、Mn、Si、Cr、Al和Nb以钢中的元素的重量%计;
-然后使所述冷轧退火钢板达到为380℃至580℃的温度范围TOA并在TOA下保温5秒至500秒,并将所述退火冷轧钢板以高于1℃/秒的冷却速率冷却到室温以获得冷轧热处理钢板。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制造冷轧热处理钢板的方法,所述热轧钢板的卷取温度低于570℃。
14.根据权利要求12和13所述的制造冷轧热处理钢板的方法,其中TS2温度低于或等于TS1。
15.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的钢板或者根据权利要求12至14的方法制造的钢板用于制造车辆的结构部件或***件的用途。
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