CN116516119A - Process for rapidly producing large thick plate by hot working die steel - Google Patents

Process for rapidly producing large thick plate by hot working die steel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116516119A
CN116516119A CN202310610814.6A CN202310610814A CN116516119A CN 116516119 A CN116516119 A CN 116516119A CN 202310610814 A CN202310610814 A CN 202310610814A CN 116516119 A CN116516119 A CN 116516119A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
quenching
forging
die steel
electroslag
minutes
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Application number
CN202310610814.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张铮
徐国荣
于光全
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Yangzhou Chengde Heavy Industries Co ltd
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Yangzhou Chengde Heavy Industries Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310610814.6A priority Critical patent/CN116516119A/en
Publication of CN116516119A publication Critical patent/CN116516119A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

A technology for rapidly producing a large thick plate by hot working die steel relates to the field of metal hot working, and comprises the following steps: firstly, vertically placing electroslag round ingots into a chamber type furnace by using a reclaimer, wherein the chamber type furnace adopts top firing for heating; secondly, upsetting the heated electroslag round ingot by a forging press, and flattening the upsetted electroslag round ingot on a flat anvil by an operator clamp to obtain an intermediate forging; thirdly, returning the intermediate forging piece to the furnace for heating, and drawing out the intermediate forging piece with large rolling reduction to obtain a final forging piece; fourthly, feeding the final forging into a quenching tank with a stirrer for quenching within 2 minutes, wherein the quenching comprises water cooling and air cooling, the water cooling time is 5-8 minutes, the air cooling time is 1-2 minutes, and the quenching is circulated for 6-10 times according to the sequence of water cooling and air cooling; and fifthly, carrying out final heat treatment on the final forging after quenching. The hot work die steel manufactured by the process has the advantages of excellent performances, simple process, high production efficiency, high metal yield, reduced energy consumption and greatly reduced production cost.

Description

Process for rapidly producing large thick plate by hot working die steel
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal hot working, in particular to rapid production and process requirements of hot working die steel.
Background
The traditional hot die steel is heated by adopting a trolley furnace, forging and drawing are performed by firing, quenching is performed after reheating, and the traditional die steel generally adopts the following processes:
1. heating and taking materials
The traditional heating adopts the trolley furnace to heat, and trolley furnace sealing performance is poor to and trolley furnace horizontal charging need add the pad iron, and the pad iron needs the heat absorption, and the trolley is about to come out to get the material, these all can increase the gas consumption, and heating cost increases, and the uneven phenomenon of heating can appear in pad iron and material contact part. The trolley furnace heats the hot work die steel, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside is large, the temperature loss is large, the high-temperature diffusion time is long (generally 1270 ℃ for 30-35 hours), the material taking time by using clamps is long, generally about 5 minutes, and the heat loss is large.
2. Forging method of hot work die steel
The traditional hot working die steel process for producing thick plates mainly follows the following production process
The hot die steel thick plate block process comprises the following steps:
pressing jaw-chamfering- (rounding) -heating-upsetting-heating-drawing-eight-direction- (rounding) heating-upsetting-heating-drawing-finishing-correcting
The defects of the traditional hot work die steel forging are obvious, and the forging process adopts multiple heating, so that the burning loss is large, and the metal yield is low. Therefore, the cost is high, and the market competitiveness is reduced.
3. Quenching process
The traditional hot die steel quenching process mainly follows the following production process:
post-forging heating-quenching-final heat treatment
The defects of the traditional quenching method are obvious, and the reheating and quenching efficiency are increased, the quenching efficiency is low and the yield is reduced due to the fact that the reheating is needed and the quenching cycle times are large (the traditional quenching is generally carried out for 10-15 times).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high heat and burning loss of the thick plate of the hot work die steel, and solves the problems of high quenching cycle times.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: a process for rapidly producing a large thick plate by hot working die steel comprises the following steps: firstly, vertically placing electroslag round ingots into a chamber type furnace by using a reclaimer, wherein the chamber type furnace adopts top firing for heating; secondly, upsetting the heated electroslag round ingot by a forging press, and flattening the upsetted electroslag round ingot on a flat anvil by an operator clamp to obtain an intermediate forging; thirdly, returning the intermediate forging piece to the furnace for heating, and drawing out the intermediate forging piece with large rolling reduction to obtain a final forging piece; fourthly, feeding the final forging into a quenching tank with a stirrer for quenching within 2 minutes, wherein the quenching comprises water cooling and air cooling, the water cooling time is 5-8 minutes, the air cooling time is 1-2 minutes, and the quenching is circulated for 6-10 times according to the sequence of water cooling and air cooling; and fifthly, carrying out final heat treatment on the final forging after quenching.
Preferably, the second upsetting is performed between the second step and the third step.
Preferably, the high reduction in the third step is 20% -25% of the height of the forging stock.
Preferably, the temperature equalization is performed between the fourth step and the fifth step, and the secondary quenching is performed after the temperature equalization.
Preferably, the forging press in the second step is a 5300-6300 ton forging press.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the method for heating the vertical top combustion of the chamber furnace and taking materials by the material taking machine has the advantages that the chamber furnace has good sealing performance, the vertical furnace is filled, only the bottom and the bottom of the furnace are in contact, the peripheral space is large, natural gas and air convection is more favorable, the full combustion is easy, the space between the materials is large, the surface area of high-temperature radiation to steel is large, the temperature rise is fast, the temperature loss is small, and the high-temperature diffusion time is relatively short (generally 1270 ℃ for 20-25 hours). The reclaimer directly reclaims materials and directly sends the materials to the forging machine, and the heat loss is reduced from reclaiming to about 1 minute of the forging machine.
2. The hot working die steel rapid forging process has the advantages that the steps of forging a pressing jaw and chamfering are adopted for reducing the steel ingot for the electroslag round ingot, upsetting and drawing can be completed by only one fire by adopting an operator clamp, burning loss is reduced, the hot working die steel forging needs to crush a net-shaped cementome, generally needs to have large rolling reduction and repeated upsetting and drawing to meet the requirements, the rolling reduction of a 5300-6300 ton forging machine is large, the core deformation and penetration are complete, the firing deformation can be reduced by one fire, so that loss can be reduced, the risk of grain size increase or mixed crystal due to the fact that the heating times are increased is reduced, the longitudinal performance and the transverse performance of the die steel forging are smaller due to the fact that one fire is deformed transversely and longitudinally, and the mechanical performance is improved comprehensively.
3. The rapid quenching and double stirring process has the advantages of reducing the cycle times of reheating and quenching after forging, having better quenching hardenability, reducing burning loss and saving cost.
In summary, compared with the existing production process of the traditional forging die steel, the production process of the invention has the advantages of upsetting one fire, rapid quenching, less fire, simple production process, high production efficiency and low production cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot of time versus temperature for a first step in a first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a plot of time versus temperature for the fifth step in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plot of time versus temperature for the sixth step in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the chamber furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the quenching bath of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a right side view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a top view of fig. 5.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Further illustrating the process route for producing 460 x 850 slabs for producing H13 hot work die steel electroslag round ingots according to the invention by combining the examples is as follows:
electroslag round ingot, heating, upsetting, heating, drawing, finishing, quenching, double-circulation cooling, final heat treatment, straightening, flaw detection, machining, flaw detection, sawing and warehousing
In the first step, 12.5 tons of H13 electroslag round ingots are vertically placed into a chamber furnace for heating by a reclaimer, and the temperature rise speed is high by vertical top firing, and the high-temperature diffusion time is relatively short. The structure of the chamber furnace is shown in fig. 4, and comprises a furnace body 2, wherein burners 3 are arranged on the periphery of the top in the furnace body 2 to form top firing, and electroslag round ingots 1 are vertically arranged in the furnace body 2.
And secondly, processing the heated electroslag round ingot by adopting a 5300-6300 ton forging press, upsetting an upsetting plate to phi 1465mm, facilitating turning over of a clamp of an operating machine, and drawing to 1100 x 720mm on a flat anvil to obtain an intermediate forging. The net-shaped cementite is crushed in the steel material of the crushing die through upsetting deformation, and the deformation with large rolling reduction (about 250mm rolling reduction) is utilized to permeate into the metal, so as to crush grains.
And thirdly, returning to the furnace for reheating, and drawing the heated intermediate forging piece to 485 x 875mm by using a forging machine to obtain a final forging piece, wherein the final forging piece meets the size requirement of a forging finished product of die steel.
And fourthly, the final forging enters an online rapid quenching tank for quenching within 2 minutes, wherein the quenching tank is shown in fig. 5-7 and comprises a quenching tank body 4, a water pipe hole 5 and two air pressure pipes 6 are arranged on the quenching tank body 4, and two groups of stirring machines 7 are arranged in the quenching tank body 4.
The quenching comprises water cooling and air cooling, wherein the water cooling time is 7 minutes, the air cooling time is 1.5 minutes, and the quenching is circulated for 8 times according to the sequence of water cooling and air cooling. The short-time and multi-frequency water inlet mode can prevent the generation of stress cracks.
When quenching, the water temperature is not higher than 50 ℃, and when the water temperature is higher than 50 ℃, a stirrer and compressed air of the rapid quenching tank are started. After the 8 times of circulation are finished, temperature is measured after temperature is returned for 5 minutes, and if the temperature is higher than 350 ℃, water cooling is added for 1-2 times until the temperature is returned to be lower than 350 ℃ after the surface of the material is air-cooled for 5 minutes.
And fifthly, carrying out final heat treatment (spheroidizing annealing) on the quenched final forging to obtain a finished product.
Sixth, performing a finished product finishing process on the finished product: the process flow comprises the following steps: straightening, flaw detection, machining, flaw detection, sawing of finished products, printing of spray marks and warehousing.
Example two
The process route is as follows:
electroslag round ingot heating, primary upsetting drawing, heating, secondary upsetting drawing, heating, drawing, on-line quenching, soaking, secondary quenching, final heat treatment, straightening, flaw detection, black skin grinding (or machining), flaw detection, sawing and warehousing.
In the first step, 15 tons of H13 electroslag round ingots are vertically placed into a chamber furnace for heating by a reclaimer.
And secondly, upsetting and pulling once, namely processing the heated electroslag round ingot by adopting a 5300-6300 ton forging press, upsetting an upsetting plate to phi 1521mm, facilitating turning over of a clamp of an operating machine, and pulling the heated electroslag round ingot to phi 1020mm in a flat anvil to obtain the intermediate forging. The net-shaped cementite is crushed in the steel material of the crushing die through upsetting deformation, and the deformation with large rolling reduction (about 250mm rolling reduction) is utilized to permeate into the metal, so as to crush grains.
And thirdly, performing secondary upsetting, namely returning the intermediate forging subjected to primary upsetting to a furnace for heating, upsetting to phi 1477mm by using a 5300-6300 forging machine, and drawing to 1100 x 82mm, wherein cementite is continuously crushed by further upsetting and drawing, so that the machinery in the longitudinal and transverse directions is continuously enhanced and improved.
And fourthly, returning the intermediate forging subjected to the second upsetting to a furnace for reheating, and drawing the heated intermediate forging to 510 x 660 mm by using a forging machine to obtain a final forging, wherein the final forging meets the forging finished product size requirement of die steel.
And fifthly, putting the final forging into a quick quenching tank for online quenching within 2 minutes, wherein the online quenching comprises water cooling and air cooling, the water cooling time is 7 minutes, the air cooling time is 1.5 minutes, and the steps of water cooling and air cooling are sequentially circulated for 8 times. The short-time and multi-frequency water inlet mode can prevent the generation of stress cracks.
When in online quenching, the water temperature is not higher than 50 ℃, and when the water temperature is higher than 50 ℃, a stirrer and compressed air of the rapid quenching tank are started. After the 8 times of circulation are finished, temperature is measured after temperature is returned for 5 minutes, and if the temperature is higher than 350 ℃, water cooling is added for 1-2 times until the temperature is returned to be lower than 350 ℃ after the surface of the material is air-cooled for 5 minutes.
And sixthly, homogenizing the temperature of the final forging after on-line quenching.
And seventhly, carrying out secondary quenching on the final forging after temperature equalization, wherein the secondary quenching process is the same as the online quenching process in the fifth step.
And eighth, carrying out final heat treatment (spheroidizing annealing) on the quenched final forging to obtain a finished product.
Ninth, performing a finished product finishing process on the finished product: the process flow comprises the following steps: straightening, flaw detection, machining, flaw detection, sawing of finished products, printing of spray marks and warehousing.

Claims (5)

1. The process for rapidly producing the large thick plate by hot working die steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, vertically placing electroslag round ingots into a chamber type furnace by using a reclaimer, wherein the chamber type furnace adopts top firing for heating;
secondly, upsetting the heated electroslag round ingot by a forging press, and flattening the upsetted electroslag round ingot on a flat anvil by an operator clamp to obtain an intermediate forging;
thirdly, returning the intermediate forging piece to the furnace for heating, and drawing out the intermediate forging piece with large rolling reduction to obtain a final forging piece;
fourthly, feeding the final forging into a quenching tank with a stirrer for quenching within 2 minutes, wherein the quenching comprises water cooling and air cooling, the water cooling time is 5-8 minutes, the air cooling time is 1-2 minutes, and the quenching is circulated for 6-10 times according to the sequence of water cooling and air cooling;
and fifthly, carrying out final heat treatment on the final forging after quenching.
2. The process for rapidly producing large thick plates by hot work die steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) carrying out secondary upsetting and drawing between the second step and the third step.
3. The process for rapidly producing large thick plates by hot work die steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the large depression in the third step is 20% -25% of the height of the forging stock.
4. The process for rapidly producing large thick plates by hot work die steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) carrying out temperature equalization between the fourth step and the fifth step, and carrying out secondary quenching after the temperature equalization.
5. The process for rapidly producing large thick plates by hot work die steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the forging press in the second step adopts 5300-6300 ton forging press.
CN202310610814.6A 2023-05-29 2023-05-29 Process for rapidly producing large thick plate by hot working die steel Pending CN116516119A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105525078A (en) * 2015-11-15 2016-04-27 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 Preparation method for improving performance of 4Cr5MoSiV1 hot work die steel
CN107699801A (en) * 2017-09-04 2018-02-16 唐山志威科技有限公司 A kind of core rod ZW616 of plastic die steel containing V and preparation method thereof
CN111390086A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-07-10 扬州诚德重工有限公司 Method for producing forge piece by unstability forging of continuous casting plate blank
CN115491571A (en) * 2022-09-28 2022-12-20 河冶科技股份有限公司 Preparation method of hot work die steel and hot work die steel
CN115852119A (en) * 2022-12-23 2023-03-28 芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司 H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel and production method thereof

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Title
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