CN116512719A - 一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构 - Google Patents
一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明专利提供一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,涉及复合材料技术领域。该轻质低成本复合结构包括芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、芳纶层(4)、PE层(5)以及基体钢层(6),各层之间采用热塑性胶膜粘接复合。本发明专利所设计轻质低成本复合结构在面密度为130kg/m2时,即可实现14.5mm穿甲***的有效防护,且原材料性价比高、生产工艺简便,有效解决了现有抗14.5mm防护结构质量较重、强度较低、成本较高的技术问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域,尤其是一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
背景技术
14.5mm穿甲***是常见的大口径机枪弹威胁***之一,对空中目标、地面轻型装甲目标、步兵集群、水面轻型舰艇和火力点都有较大威胁。随着装甲防护领域研究的深入,陶瓷复合装甲已经应用于14.5mm穿甲***的防护结构上。
但现有防护结构存在重量较重、成本较高的缺点,主要原因在于结构设计的不合理以及原材料成本问题,现常见的轻质防护结构大多采用碳化硼陶瓷和高性能的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(PE)来降低重量,但碳化硼陶瓷和高性能的PE成本较高,在研发过程和大规模应用存在较大弊端,因此急需一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本防护结构。
发明内容
基于此,针对上述抗14.5mm穿甲***防护结构重量较重、成本较高的问题,提供一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,所述轻质低成本复合结构为层状结构,该结构包括芳纶层(1、4)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、PE层(5)以及基体钢层(6),所述芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、芳纶层(4)、PE层(5)自上而下依序排列且通过胶膜热压粘合在一起,然后与基体钢层直接贴合,组合形成抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(1)的厚度为0.25mm;所述陶瓷层为双层碳化硅陶瓷,总厚度为15mm;所述钛合金层厚度为4mm;所述铝合金层厚度为6.5mm;所述芳纶层(4)为3mm;所述PE层为11mm;所述基体钢层厚度为6mm。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(1)由1层石墨烯增强芳纶机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。
进一步的,所述陶瓷层由两层无压烧结的碳化硅陶瓷组成,前层陶瓷厚度为10mm,后层陶瓷厚度为5mm,陶瓷为方形或六边形,两层陶瓷交叉放置且后层陶瓷中心位于前层陶瓷“T”形拼接缝处,以减少前后两层陶瓷拼接缝重合。
进一步的,所述钛合金或铝合金层由钛合金或铝合金组成,钛合金为TC4或其他钛合金,铝合金为2024铝合金或其他铝合金。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(4)由芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布组成,单层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布面密度为205~215g/m2。
进一步的,所述PE层由低成本超高分子量聚乙烯纤维UD布组成,单层低成本超高分子量聚乙烯纤维UD布面密度为125~135g/m2,拉伸强度16~20cN/dtex,拉伸模量为300~500cN/dtex。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(1、4)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、PE层(5)各结构层间使用热塑型胶膜进行粘接,每层胶膜厚度为0.05mm。
本发明还提供一种上述所述轻质低成本复合结构的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1):将21层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布与81层超高分子量聚乙烯纤维层叠铺放,芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维间使用热塑性胶膜进行粘接,多层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布间无胶膜,多层超高分子量聚乙烯纤维间无胶膜;
步骤2):将步骤1中层叠铺放好的组合纤维层边缘使用聚酰亚胺胶带进行固定,以防止其层间发生偏移;
步骤3):将步骤2中固定好的组合纤维层放置在平板硫化机中进行热压,热压工艺如下,第一阶段为将平板硫化机温度升至120℃,将组合纤维层放置于平板硫化机中保温10min,第二阶段为压力分阶段由0MPa逐步提升至30MPa(5MPa、10MPa、15MPa、20MPa、30MPa),每个压力阶段保压5min,到时间后卸压放气5s后(不打开模具),再进行升压操作;第三个阶段为30MPa保压30min;第四阶段为冷却降温,降温过程中保持30MPa,温度低于35℃后,打开模具组合纤维层热压完成;
步骤4):将芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)与步骤3中热压好的组合纤维层层叠铺放,各层间使用热塑性胶膜进行粘接,边缘使用聚酰亚胺胶带进行固定;
步骤5):将步骤4中固定好的复合样品放置在平板硫化机中进行热压,热压工艺如下,平板硫化剂设置热压温度为115℃,热压压力为1.5MPa,将固定好的复合样品放置在平板硫化机中保温保压40min后冷却降温,降温期间保持1.5MPa压力,温度低于35℃后,打开模具热压完成;
步骤6):将步骤5中热压好的复合样品与基体钢层(6)进行直接贴合,使用透明胶带缠绕固定,组成抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果有:
1、本发明提供的一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构为层状结构,该结构包括芳纶层(1、4)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、PE层(5)以及基体钢层(6),所述芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、芳纶层(4)、PE层(5)自上而下依序排列且通过胶膜热压粘合在一起,然后与基体钢层直接贴合,组合形成抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。本发明通过可靠的有限元模拟技术和理论计算获得了轻质低成本复合结构,非简单的厚度替换、重复试验等常规技术手段获得,使得本发明提供的轻质低成本复合结构可成功防御14.5mm穿甲***,且面密度在130kg/m2以内,满足装备轻量化要求且具有较好的抗多发弹能力。
2、本发明提供的抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构材料成本较低、性价比较高,所用陶瓷、PE种类远低于相近面密度结构的抗14.5mm穿甲***结构所用材料,每公斤碳化硅陶瓷较碳化硼陶瓷成本低约75%,且在同种防弹材料或同级的成本标准下,现有装甲难以达到本发明专利所述的轻质装甲结构水平,同时该结构与制备方法可根据实际需要制备出不同形状、尺寸、性能的陶瓷复合装甲,便于各种工况下的防护结构设计,并且本发明提供的制备方法工艺简单,适于大规模生产。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构平面示意图;
图2为本发明提供的前后两层陶瓷放置平面示意图;
图3为本发明提供的聚酰亚胺胶带固定方法。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图,对本发明专利进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅仅用以解释本发明专利,并不用于限定本发明专利。
实施例1
一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,所述轻质低成本复合结构为层状结构,该结构包括芳纶层(1、4)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金(3)、PE层(5)以及基体钢层(6),所述芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金(3)、芳纶层(4)、PE层(5)自上而下依序排列且通过胶膜热压粘合在一起,然后与基体钢层直接贴合,组合形成抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(1)的厚度为0.25mm;所述陶瓷层为双层碳化硅陶瓷,总厚度为15mm;所述钛合金层厚度为4mm;所述芳纶层(4)为3mm;所述PE层为11mm;所述基体钢层厚度为6mm。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(1)由1层石墨烯增强芳纶机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。
进一步的,所述陶瓷层由两层无压烧结的碳化硅陶瓷组成,前层陶瓷厚度为10mm,后层陶瓷厚度为5mm,陶瓷为方形或六边形,两层陶瓷交叉放置且后层陶瓷中心位于前层陶瓷“T”形拼接缝处,以减少前后两层陶瓷拼接缝重合。
进一步的,所述钛合金层为TC4钛合金。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(4)由芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布组成,单层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布面密度为205~215g/m2。
进一步的,所述PE层由低成本超高分子量聚乙烯纤维UD布组成,单层低成本超高分子量聚乙烯纤维UD布面密度为125~135g/m2,拉伸强度16~20cN/dtex,拉伸模量为300~500cN/dtex。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(1、4)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金(3)、PE层(5)各结构层间使用热塑型胶膜进行粘接,每层胶膜厚度为0.05mm。
本发明还提供一种上述所述轻质低成本复合结构的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1):将21层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布与81层超高分子量聚乙烯纤维层叠铺放,芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维间使用热塑性胶膜进行粘接,多层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布间无胶膜,多层超高分子量聚乙烯纤维间无胶膜;
步骤2):将步骤1中层叠铺放好的组合纤维层边缘使用聚酰亚胺胶带进行固定,以防止其层间发生偏移;
步骤3):将步骤2中固定好的组合纤维层放置在平板硫化机中进行热压,热压工艺如下,第一阶段为将平板硫化机温度升至120℃,将组合纤维层放置于平板硫化机中保温10min,第二阶段为压力分阶段由0MPa逐步提升至30MPa(5MPa、10MPa、15MPa、20MPa、30MPa),每个压力阶段保压5min,到时间后卸压放气5s后(不打开模具),再进行升压操作;第三个阶段为30MPa保压30min;第四阶段为冷却降温,降温过程中保持30MPa,温度低于35℃后,打开模具组合纤维层热压完成;
步骤4):将芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金层(3)与步骤3中热压好的组合纤维层层叠铺放,各层间使用热塑性胶膜进行粘接,边缘使用聚酰亚胺胶带进行固定;
步骤5):将步骤4中固定好的复合样品放置在平板硫化机中进行热压,热压工艺如下,平板硫化剂设置热压温度为115℃,热压压力为1.5MPa,将固定好的复合样品放置在平板硫化机中保温保压40min后冷却降温,降温期间保持1.5MPa压力,温度低于35℃后,打开模具热压完成;
步骤6):将步骤5中热压好的复合样品与基体钢层(6)进行直接贴合,使用透明胶带缠绕固定,组成抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
测试依据《GJB 59.18-88》进行,检测结果显示,所制备的水平尺寸为400mm*400mm的样品在常温常湿条件下,经2发56式14.5mm穿甲***在100m射击距离、980m/s射击速度、0°入射角下的有效射击,装甲结构均未穿透,实现有效防护。
实施例2
一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,所述轻质低成本复合结构为层状结构,该结构包括芳纶层(1、4)、陶瓷层(2)、铝合金层(3)、PE层(5)以及基体钢层(6),所述芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、铝合金层(3)、芳纶层(4)、PE层(5)自上而下依序排列且通过胶膜热压粘合在一起,然后与基体钢层直接贴合,组合形成抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(1)的厚度为0.25mm;所述陶瓷层为双层碳化硅陶瓷,总厚度为15mm;所述铝合金层厚度为6.5mm;所述芳纶层(4)为3mm;所述PE层为11mm;所述基体钢层厚度为6mm。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(1)由1层石墨烯增强芳纶机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。
进一步的,所述陶瓷层由两层无压烧结的碳化硅陶瓷组成,前层陶瓷厚度为10mm,后层陶瓷厚度为5mm,陶瓷为方形或六边形,两层陶瓷交叉放置且后层陶瓷中心位于前层陶瓷“T”形拼接缝处,以减少前后两层陶瓷拼接缝重合。
进一步的,所述铝合金层为2024铝合金。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(4)由芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布组成,单层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布面密度为205~215g/m2。
进一步的,所述PE层由低成本超高分子量聚乙烯纤维UD布组成,单层低成本超高分子量聚乙烯纤维UD布面密度为125~135g/m2,拉伸强度16~20cN/dtex,拉伸模量为300~500cN/dtex。
进一步的,所述芳纶层(1、4)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、PE层(5)各结构层间使用热塑型胶膜进行粘接,每层胶膜厚度为0.05mm。
本发明还提供一种上述所述轻质低成本复合结构的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1):将21层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布与81层超高分子量聚乙烯纤维层叠铺放,芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维间使用热塑性胶膜进行粘接,多层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布间无胶膜,多层超高分子量聚乙烯纤维间无胶膜;
步骤2):将步骤1中层叠铺放好的组合纤维层边缘使用聚酰亚胺胶带进行固定,以防止其层间发生偏移;
步骤3):将步骤2中固定好的组合纤维层放置在平板硫化机中进行热压,热压工艺如下,第一阶段为将平板硫化机温度升至120℃,将组合纤维层放置于平板硫化机中保温10min,第二阶段为压力分阶段由0MPa逐步提升至30MPa(5MPa、10MPa、15MPa、20MPa、30MPa),每个压力阶段保压5min,到时间后卸压放气5s后(不打开模具),再进行升压操作;第三个阶段为30MPa保压30min;第四阶段为冷却降温,降温过程中保持30MPa,温度低于35℃后,打开模具组合纤维层热压完成;
步骤4):将芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、铝合金层(3)与步骤3中热压好的组合纤维层层叠铺放,各层间使用热塑性胶膜进行粘接,边缘使用聚酰亚胺胶带进行固定;
步骤5):将步骤4中固定好的复合样品放置在平板硫化机中进行热压,热压工艺如下,平板硫化剂设置热压温度为115℃,热压压力为1.5MPa,将固定好的复合样品放置在平板硫化机中保温保压40min后冷却降温,降温期间保持1.5MPa压力,温度低于35℃后,打开模具热压完成;
步骤6):将步骤5中热压好的复合样品与基体钢层(6)进行直接贴合,使用透明胶带缠绕固定,组成抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
测试依据《GJB 59.18-88》进行,检测结果显示,所制备的水平尺寸为400mm*400mm的样品在常温常湿条件下,经2发56式14.5mm穿甲***在100m射击距离、980m/s射击速度、0°入射角下的有效射击,装甲结构均未穿透,实现有效防护。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是在本发明的发明构思下,利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换,或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,其特征在于:所述轻质低成本复合结构为层状结构,该结构包括芳纶层(1、4)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、PE层(5)以及基体钢层(6),所述芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、芳纶层(4)、PE层(5)自上而下依序排列且通过胶膜热压粘合在一起,然后与基体钢层直接贴合,组合形成抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,其特征在于:所述芳纶层(1)的厚度为0.25mm;所述陶瓷层为双层碳化硅陶瓷,总厚度为15mm;所述钛合金层厚度为4mm;所述铝合金层厚度为6.5mm;所述芳纶层(4)为3mm;所述PE层为11mm;所述基体钢层厚度为6mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,其特征在于:所述芳纶层(1)由1层石墨烯增强芳纶机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,其特征在于:所述陶瓷层由两层无压烧结的碳化硅陶瓷组成,前层陶瓷厚度为10mm,后层陶瓷厚度为5mm,陶瓷为方形或六边形,两层陶瓷交叉放置且后层陶瓷中心位于前层陶瓷“T”形拼接缝处,以减少前后两层陶瓷拼接缝重合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,其特征在于:所述PE层由低成本超高分子量聚乙烯纤维UD布组成,单层低成本超高分子量聚乙烯纤维UD布面密度为125~135g/m2,拉伸强度16~20cN/dtex,拉伸模量为300~500cN/dtex。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,所述芳纶层(1、4)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)、PE层(5)各结构层间使用热塑型胶膜进行粘接,每层胶膜厚度为0.05mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构,其特征在于:该制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1):将21层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布与81层超高分子量聚乙烯纤维层叠铺放,芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维间使用热塑性胶膜进行粘接,多层芳纶机织布或芳纶无纬布间无胶膜,多层超高分子量聚乙烯纤维间无胶膜;
步骤2):将步骤1中层叠铺放好的组合纤维层边缘使用聚酰亚胺胶带进行固定,以防止其层间发生偏移;
步骤3):将步骤2中固定好的组合纤维层放置在平板硫化机中进行热压,热压工艺如下,第一阶段为将平板硫化机温度升至120℃,将组合纤维层放置于平板硫化机中保温10min,第二阶段为压力分阶段由0MPa逐步提升至30MPa(5MPa、10MPa、15MPa、20MPa、25MPa、30MPa),每个压力阶段保压5min,到时间后卸压放气5s后(不打开模具),再进行升压操作;第三个阶段为压力为30MPa保压30min;第四阶段为冷却降温,降温过程中保持30MPa,温度低于35℃后,打开模具组合纤维层压制完成;
步骤4):将芳纶层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、钛合金或铝合金层(3)与步骤3中热压好的组合纤维层层叠铺放,各层间使用热塑性胶膜进行粘接,边缘使用聚酰亚胺胶带进行固定;
步骤5):将步骤4中固定好的复合样品放置在平板硫化机中进行热压,热压工艺如下,热压温度115℃,热压压力1.5MPa,保温保压40min后冷却降温,期间保持1.5MPa压力,温度低于35℃后,打开模具压制完成;
步骤6):将步骤5中热压好的复合样品与基体钢层(6)进行直接贴合,使用透明胶带缠绕固定,组成抗14.5mm穿甲***的轻质低成本复合结构。
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US7540228B1 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2009-06-02 | Strike Face Technology Incorporated | Ceramic armour and method of construction |
CN108688270A (zh) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-10-23 | 浙江立泰复合材料股份有限公司 | 一种可防御14.5mm穿甲***陶瓷基复合材料 |
CN210533184U (zh) * | 2019-06-23 | 2020-05-15 | 南京理工大学 | 一种基于抗弹陶瓷片的防弹插板结构 |
WO2022105309A1 (zh) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | 上海斯瑞科技有限公司 | 一种复合防弹插板及其制备方法 |
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CN115420146A (zh) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-02 | 北京航天凯恩新材料有限公司 | 一种新型轻量化防弹插板防护结构及制备方法 |
CN115420146B (zh) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-06-11 | 北京航天凯恩新材料有限公司 | 一种新型轻量化防弹插板防护结构及制备方法 |
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