CN116511441B - Nozzle optimal arrangement method based on solidification characteristics of continuous casting billets - Google Patents
Nozzle optimal arrangement method based on solidification characteristics of continuous casting billets Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012821 model calculation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009865 steel metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940029329 intrinsic factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
- B22D11/1246—Nozzles; Spray heads
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
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Abstract
The application relates to a nozzle optimal arrangement method based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet, which belongs to the technical field of continuous casting of steel metallurgy, and can improve the suitability of nozzle configuration parameters and solidification characteristics of a casting billet, obtain optimal nozzle configuration parameters based on actual production conditions of the casting billet, and further reduce the occurrence probability of crack defects of the continuous casting billet to the greatest extent; the method comprehensively considers the water distribution of spray nozzles sprayed to the surface of a continuous casting billet, the solidification characteristic of the continuous casting billet and the thermoplastic value distribution of the surface of the casting billet, aims at the minimum internal thermal stress of the casting billet or the best thermal ductility of the crack occurrence position of the casting billet in the continuous casting process, and determines the height and the distance of the spray nozzles so as to realize the optimization of the arrangement of the spray nozzles. The technical scheme provided by the application is suitable for the process of steel smelting continuous casting.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of continuous casting of steel metallurgy, in particular to a nozzle optimal arrangement method based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet.
Background
Continuous casting is an efficient metallurgical technique. The continuous casting cooling process is further divided into three different cooling zones, a crystallizer zone, a secondary cooling zone and an air cooling zone. Wherein, the cooling environment of the secondary cooling zone is quite complex, and the crystallizer and the air cooling zone are relatively stable. The cooling process of the slab is uneven, crack defects are easily generated on the surface and the inside of the steel, and the reduction of the cooling unevenness is one of important measures for improving the quality of the slab.
Spray cooling of the spray nozzles is a main heat dissipation mode of the secondary cooling area, and the distribution condition of spray water in the spray coverage range of the spray water has an important influence on the cooling process of the casting blank. The defects of the prior art are that the generation of cracks of the casting blank is the result of the combined action of external cooling conditions and the solidification characteristics of the casting blank, the suitability of the external cooling conditions and the solidification characteristics is not fully considered in the prior art, the obtained nozzle configuration parameters are not based on the optimal solution in the actual production state of the casting blank, and the improvement effect on the quality of the casting blank is limited. In addition, the positions and the distribution of the crack defects of the casting blank should be fully considered in the process of adjusting the nozzle selection and the arrangement parameters.
The patent of the application of the publication No. CN106825471B, named as a nozzle arrangement method and a nozzle arrangement system of a billet continuous casting machine and a slab continuous casting machine, proposes a method for solving a temperature curve of the surface of a casting blank through setting parameters (comprising the number of nozzles, the height of the nozzles, the distance between the nozzles, the installation angle of the nozzles, the flow rate of the nozzles, the injection pressure, the injection angle and the like) of each section of nozzles of a secondary cooling zone of the continuous casting machine and adjusting the setting parameters of each nozzle according to the trend of improving the uniformity of the longitudinal-transverse temperature distribution of the surface of the casting blank. The method does not consider the spray water distribution of the spray nozzles and the solidification characteristics of the continuous casting billet, and the obtained spray nozzle setting parameters need to be subjected to customized spray nozzle design, so that the practical application cost is high, and the method is insufficient for improving the quality of the casting billet and reducing the production cost.
The patent of the application of the publication No. CN112139463B, named as a method for selecting and arranging two-cooling nozzles of a continuous casting machine, achieves the purposes of strengthening the cooling of continuous casting machine equipment and weak cooling of the corners of casting blanks by arranging nozzles with specific types and flow rates at different positions of the two-cooling zone. The method does not fully consider the spray performance (spray angle, water distribution and the like) of the spray nozzles and the actual cooling effect of spray water on casting blanks, and the same spray nozzle configuration has difference in cooling effect on casting blanks with different specifications, so that weak cooling of the corners of the casting blanks is not realized.
Accordingly, there is a need to develop a nozzle optimizing arrangement method based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet to address the deficiencies of the prior art, to solve or alleviate one or more of the problems described above.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides an optimized nozzle arrangement method based on the solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet, which can improve the suitability of nozzle configuration parameters and the solidification characteristics of the casting billet, obtain the optimal nozzle configuration parameters based on the actual production condition of the casting billet, and further reduce the occurrence probability of crack defects of the continuous casting billet to the greatest extent.
The application provides a nozzle optimal arrangement method based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet, which comprehensively considers water distribution sprayed to the surface of the continuous casting billet by a nozzle, solidification characteristics of the continuous casting billet and thermoplastic value distribution on the surface of the casting billet, aims at minimizing internal thermal stress of the casting billet or optimizing thermal ductility of a crack occurrence position of the casting billet in the continuous casting process, and determines the height and the distance between the nozzles so as to optimize the nozzle arrangement.
Aspects and any one of the possible implementations as described above, further provide an implementation, the steps of the method include:
s1, adjusting the height of each nozzle under the condition that the nozzle spacing is fixed;
s2, determining working condition parameters of a nozzle of the continuous casting machine under the existing nozzle height, and acquiring the surface quality of a casting blank under the current working condition parameters;
s3, acquiring water distribution data of the spray nozzle sprayed to the surface of the continuous casting billet under the current working condition parameters;
s4, importing the water distribution data obtained in the step S3 into a solidification heat transfer mathematical model, and obtaining corresponding casting blank surface temperature distribution data through model calculation;
s5, importing the casting blank surface temperature distribution data obtained in the S4 into a continuous casting billet temperature-thermoplastic value quantitative relation model, and obtaining corresponding casting blank surface thermoplastic value distribution data through model calculation;
s6, repeating the steps S1-S5 to obtain distribution data of the thermoplastic values of the surface of the casting blank at different nozzle heights, and determining the optimal nozzle height according to the surface quality of the casting blank and the distribution data of the thermoplastic values of the surface of the casting blank.
In aspects and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner in which the determining the optimal nozzle height in step S6 is: when no crack exists on the surface of the casting blank, selecting the nozzle height with the best distribution uniformity of the thermoplastic value on the surface of the casting blank, and marking the nozzle height as a first nozzle height; when the surface of the casting blank has cracks, selecting the corresponding nozzle height (the thermal ductility is the best at the moment) with the maximum thermoplastic value at the crack position of the surface of the casting blank, and marking the nozzle height as the second nozzle height.
When a plurality of cracks exist on the surface of the same casting blank, the thermoplastic value of the most serious crack occurrence position (namely the maximum thermoplastic value) is used as the mark of the surface quality of the casting blank, and the maximum thermoplastic value is selected from a plurality of thermoplastic value marks, and the corresponding nozzle height is the second nozzle height.
Aspects and any one of the possible implementations as described above, further providing an implementation, the method further including:
s7, determining the optimal nozzle spacing based on the nozzle height determined in the step S6; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s71, setting the nozzle height to the nozzle height determined in the step S6, sequentially changing the nozzle spacing according to the set step length, and repeating the steps S2-S5 to obtain the thermoplastic value distribution data of the casting blank surface under different nozzle spacing;
s72, selecting the nozzle spacing with the surface quality of the casting blank being consistent with the nozzle height determined in the step S6 as a spacing selectable set, and selecting the optimal nozzle spacing according to the thermoplastic value distribution data of the surface of the casting blank.
When the surface quality of the casting blank corresponding to the nozzle height is crack-free, selecting the nozzle interval with the best distribution uniformity of the thermoplastic value on the surface of the casting blank, and recording the nozzle interval as a first nozzle interval; when the surface quality of the casting blank corresponding to the nozzle height is cracked, selecting the corresponding nozzle interval when the thermoplastic value at the crack is maximum, and recording the nozzle interval as a second nozzle interval.
The first nozzle height and the first nozzle spacing and the second nozzle height and the second nozzle spacing are determined as nozzle optimal placement parameters.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, wherein the solidification heat transfer mathematical model in step S3 is a solidification heat transfer mathematical model based on water distribution on the surface of the casting blank.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner as described above, further provided is an implementation manner, where the construction content of the continuous casting billet temperature-thermoplastic value quantitative relation model in step S4 includes: and obtaining the data of the reduction of area of the produced casting blank at different temperatures through a high-temperature tensile test, and constructing the quantitative relation model of the continuous casting billet temperature and the thermoplastic value according to the data.
In aspects and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, the method further including detecting the nozzle, where a condition for passing the detection is: and keeping the pipeline air pressure and the nozzle water flow value of the detection equipment consistent with those of the continuous casting machine in the actual working of the nozzle.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, in which the water distribution data is imported into the solidification heat transfer mathematical model in step S4, as follows: dividing the spraying coverage area into a plurality of small sections with equal width, and calculating the water flow density on each small section; the corresponding area of the surface of the model (the model can be a geometric body with a certain thickness and the same as the cross section size of a casting blank and constructed in the process of establishing a solidification heat transfer model, and belongs to a part of the solidification heat transfer model) is divided into a plurality of small sections with the same width, and the water flow density is sequentially led into the corresponding positions in the model.
The aspects and any possible implementation manner as described above further provide an implementation manner, wherein the construction manner of the quantitative relation model of the temperature-thermoplastic value of the continuous casting billet in the step S5 is as follows: and constructing by adopting a function fitting or piecewise function fitting method, wherein the fitting goodness is more than 0.95.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, in step S62, the setting of the step size meets the requirement that: the number of data sets acquired in the adjustment ranges of the nozzle height and the nozzle pitch, respectively, is not less than 4 sets.
In aspects and any one of the possible implementations described above, there is further provided an implementation, wherein the nozzle height satisfies the condition that:，
wherein h is i Nozzle height, mm; r is the radius of a roller at a corresponding position of the continuous casting machine, and mm;
the nozzle pitch satisfies the condition:，
wherein d j Is the nozzle spacing, mm; n is the number of single-row nozzles of the continuous casting machine; w is the width of a casting blank and is mm; d (D) i For a nozzle height h i The corresponding single nozzle sprays to cover the width of mm.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, in the process of detecting the nozzles, the number of unqualified nozzles accounts for > 10% of the number of detected nozzles of the same type, and then the nozzles of the same type are not used.
In the aspects and any possible implementation manner, there is further provided an implementation manner, wherein the failed nozzle refers to a nozzle with a fluctuation range of a spray angle of not less than 8 degrees or with an asymmetry of water distribution of not less than 15% on the left and right sides of the nozzle.
Compared with the prior art, one of the technical schemes has the following advantages or beneficial effects: according to the application, the nozzle arrangement mode is optimized by controlling the distribution of the thermoplastic values on the surface of the casting blank, and the external cooling condition generated by the crack defects of the casting blank and the solidification characteristic of the casting blank are integrated, so that the internal thermal stress of the casting blank is minimized (when no crack defects exist) or the thermal ductility of the position where the crack defects occur is best (when the crack defects exist) in the continuous casting process, and the quality of the continuous casting blank is improved to the greatest extent;
the other technical scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effects: in the optimization process of the nozzle arrangement mode, the application prescribes the adjustment range of the nozzle arrangement parameters and the screening standard of the nozzle types, ensures higher spray heat transfer efficiency of a continuous casting secondary cooling zone, and simultaneously avoids strong cooling of the corner of a casting blank, thereby improving the non-uniformity of longitudinal-transverse cooling of the continuous casting blank and improving the quality of the continuous casting blank.
Of course, it is not necessary for any of the products embodying the application to achieve all of the technical effects described above at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a nozzle optimization arrangement method based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet provided by an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the reduction of area data for a target steel grade according to one embodiment of the present application, wherein curves I and II are piecewise fitted function curves;
FIG. 3 is a cloud chart of the distribution of the thermoplastic values of the surface of a casting blank at different nozzle heights according to one embodiment of the present application, wherein I, II, III, and IV are cloud charts of the distribution of the thermoplastic values of the surface of the casting blank at nozzle heights 210 mm, 235 mm, 260 mm, 285 mm, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a cloud chart of the thermoplastic value distribution of the surface of a casting blank at different nozzle distances according to one embodiment of the present application, wherein I, II, III and IV are cloud charts of the thermoplastic value distribution of the surface of the casting blank at nozzle distances 350 mm, 400 mm, 450 mm and 500 mm respectively;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing spray water distribution curves at different nozzle heights according to one embodiment of the present application, wherein I, II, III, and IV are spray water distribution curves at nozzle heights 210 mm, 235 mm, 260 mm, 285 mm, respectively;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing spray water distribution data at different nozzle spacings according to one embodiment of the present application, wherein I, II, III, and IV are spray water distribution curves at nozzle spacings of 350 mm, 400 mm, 450 mm, and 500 mm, respectively;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the lateral temperature distribution of the surface of a casting blank at different nozzle heights according to one embodiment of the present application, wherein I, II, III, and IV are the lateral temperature distribution of the surface of the casting blank at nozzle heights 210 mm, 235 mm, 260 mm, 285 mm, respectively;
fig. 8 shows lateral temperature distribution curves of casting surfaces at different nozzle pitches according to an embodiment of the present application, where i, ii, iii, and iv are respectively the lateral temperature distribution curves of casting surfaces at nozzle pitches of 350 mm, 400 mm, 450 mm, and 500 mm.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application refers to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
A nozzle optimizing arrangement method based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprising the following steps:
a. determining initial working condition parameters of a nozzle, and obtaining surface quality data of a casting blank
Acquiring initial working condition parameters of a nozzle of the continuous casting machine, wherein the initial working condition parameters comprise the height h of the nozzle 0 Nozzle spacing d 0 And number N of single row nozzle arrangements 0 And obtaining the surface quality of the casting blank under the working condition;
b. spray water distribution detection to obtain water distribution data
C, detecting water distribution data of the spray nozzle sprayed to the surface of the continuous casting billet under the working condition parameter condition of the step a by adopting spray detection equipment;
c. calculation of surface temperature distribution of continuous casting blank
C, establishing a solidification heat transfer mathematical model considering water distribution on the surface of the casting blank, and then importing the water distribution data obtained in the step b into the model, and obtaining corresponding casting blank surface temperature distribution data through simulation calculation;
the method for importing spray water distribution data into the solidification heat transfer mathematical model comprises the following steps: dividing the spraying coverage area into a plurality of small sections with equal width, and calculating the water flow density on each small section; dividing the corresponding area of the surface of the model into a plurality of small sections with the same width, and sequentially guiding the water flow density into the corresponding positions in the model;
d. calculation of distribution of thermoplastic values on surface of continuous casting billet
C, obtaining the data of the reduction of area of the produced casting blank at different temperatures through a high-temperature tensile test, constructing a continuous casting billet temperature-thermoplastic value quantitative relation model according to the data, and importing the data of the casting blank surface temperature distribution in the step c into the continuous casting billet temperature-thermoplastic value quantitative relation model to obtain corresponding casting blank surface thermoplastic value distribution data;
the method for establishing the quantitative relation model of the temperature and the thermoplastic value of the continuous casting blank comprises the following steps: adopting a function fitting or piecewise function fitting method, wherein the fitting goodness is more than 0.95;
e. obtaining the optimal nozzle height
At nozzle spacing d 0 And number N of single row nozzle arrangements 0 Under the condition that the nozzle heights are sequentially changed according to the set step length, continuously repeating the steps b to d to obtain the thermoplastic value distribution data of the casting blank surface when the nozzle heights are different;
the height and spacing setting step length of the nozzle should meet the requirements: the number of data sets respectively acquired in the adjusting ranges of the nozzle height and the interval is not less than 4 sets;
when the surface of the casting blank obtained in the step a has no crack defect, determining the corresponding nozzle height as the optimal nozzle height h when the distribution uniformity of the thermoplastic values of the surface of the casting blank is best Excellent (excellent) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the surface of the casting blank obtained in the step a has crack defects, determining that the corresponding nozzle height when the thermoplastic value of the crack occurrence position of the surface of the casting blank reaches the maximum is the optimal nozzle height h ’ Excellent (excellent) ；
The nozzle height should meet the following requirements:
（1）
wherein h is i Nozzle height, mm; r is the radius of the roller at the corresponding position of the continuous casting machine, and mm.
The nozzle spacing should meet the following requirements:
（2）
wherein d j Is the nozzle spacing, mm; n is the number of single-row nozzles of the continuous casting machine; w is the width of the produced casting blank, mm and D i For a nozzle height h i The corresponding single nozzle sprays to cover the width of mm;
f. determining optimal nozzle placement parameters
Optimum nozzle height h determined in the previous step Excellent (excellent) (or h) ’ Excellent (excellent) ) And number N of single row nozzle arrangements 0 Under the condition that the nozzle spacing is sequentially changed according to the set step length, the steps b to d are continuously repeated, and the thermoplastic value distribution data of the casting blank surface at different nozzle spacing is obtained;
when the obtained casting blank surface has no crack defect (the specific corresponding nozzle height is the optimal nozzle height h obtained under the condition of no crack defect) Excellent (excellent) ) Determining the corresponding nozzle spacing as the optimal nozzle spacing d when the distribution uniformity of the thermoplastic values on the surface of the casting blank is best Excellent (excellent) At this time, the optimal arrangement parameter of the nozzles is h Excellent (excellent) And d Excellent (excellent) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the obtained casting blank has crack defects on the surface (specifically, the corresponding nozzle height is the optimal nozzle height h obtained under the crack defects ’ Excellent (excellent) ) Determining that the corresponding nozzle spacing when the thermoplastic value of the crack occurrence position on the surface of the casting blank reaches the maximum is the optimal nozzle spacing d ’ Excellent (excellent) At this time, the optimal arrangement parameter of the nozzles is h ’ Excellent (excellent) And d ’ Excellent (excellent) 。
Further, the method further comprises a step of detecting the nozzle, wherein the detection conditions are as follows: and keeping the pipeline air pressure and the nozzle water flow value of the detection equipment consistent with those of the continuous casting machine in the actual working of the nozzle. In the detection process of the nozzles, the number of unqualified nozzles accounts for more than 10% of the detection number of the nozzles of the same type, and the nozzles of the same type are not used. Unqualified nozzles refer to nozzles with the fluctuation range of the injection angle being more than or equal to 8 degrees or the asymmetry of water distribution at the left side and the right side of the nozzle being more than or equal to 15 percent.
The application is based on a continuous casting billet temperature-thermoplastic value quantitative relation model, combines nozzle spray water quantity distribution detection and solidification heat transfer simulation calculation, and aims to obtain nozzle arrangement parameters matched with the self-solidification characteristics and actual production states of casting billets. The method is simple and easy to implement, and the obtained nozzle configuration scheme can solve the problem of casting blank crack defects in a targeted manner, and improves the quality of continuous casting blanks to the greatest extent.
In the process of detecting the water distribution of the nozzle, the application can minimize the error between the detection result and the actual water distribution on the surface of the casting blank by controlling the detection condition of the nozzle to be consistent with the working condition of the nozzle in the actual continuous casting production. In general, nozzle height h i The value principle of (2) is thatWherein R is the radius of the caster roll. There are studies showing that the nozzle striking force decreases with increasing nozzle height, with an upper nozzle height limit of 400 mm. Because the striking force of the nozzle directly influences the spray heat transfer efficiency, in order to ensure the spray cooling effect, the application sets the adjusting range of the height of the nozzle to be +.>. For nozzle spacing d j In order to ensure weak cooling of the corners of the casting blank, the adjustment range of the nozzle spacing is limited from the angle of ensuring non-full coverage spraying.
In the secondary continuous casting cooling zone, spray water acts on the surface of the casting blank, and the uneven distribution of the spray water causes the difference of cooling intensity at different positions on the surface of the casting blank, so that the uneven temperature distribution is caused, which is an external factor of crack defects of the casting blank; based on the solidification characteristics of the continuous casting billet, the continuous casting billet can exhibit different high-temperature performances at different temperatures, which is an intrinsic factor of crack defects of the casting billet. In the continuous casting process, the hot ductility of the casting blank has an important influence on the generation and the expansion of cracks of the casting blank. In general, the heat expansion performance of a casting blank is characterized by the reduction of area of the casting blank at different temperatures: the larger the reduction of area, the better the hot ductility of the cast slab, and the less chance of crack initiation and propagation. According to the application, a temperature-thermoplastic value quantitative relation model is constructed based on continuous casting billet section shrinkage data, and on the basis of fully considering the occurrence position of the continuous casting billet crack defect, the high hot ductility of the occurrence position of the continuous casting billet crack defect can be ensured by controlling the distribution optimization nozzle arrangement mode of the thermoplastic value on the surface of the casting billet, so that the quality of the casting billet is improved to the greatest extent. In addition, when the distribution uniformity of the thermoplastic values on the surface of the casting blank is good, the internal thermal stress of the casting blank is reduced, and the occurrence probability of crack defects is reduced.
In the using process, the quality of different types of nozzles can be evaluated through the cold state performance detection of the nozzles. The nozzle industry standard gives the performance evaluation index of a single nozzle: nozzles with the spraying angle less than or equal to 90 degrees, the tolerance ranges from 0 degrees to +4 degrees, the spraying angle is more than 90 degrees, and the tolerance ranges from 0 degrees to +6 degrees; the water distribution asymmetry difference of the nozzle is less than or equal to 10 percent. In the case of a multi-nozzle combination arrangement, the influence of the individual nozzle spray performance fluctuations on the overall spray water distribution is reduced. In order to reduce the use cost of the nozzles, the application provides single-nozzle performance evaluation indexes under the multi-nozzle combination arrangement: the fluctuation range of the spray angle is more than or equal to 8 degrees, and the asymmetry of the water distribution of the spray nozzle is more than or equal to 15 percent. Under the evaluation index, if the number of unqualified nozzles exceeds 5% of the number of detected nozzles of the same type, the nozzle of the same type is not used.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for optimizing nozzle arrangement based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet in this embodiment, and according to the method of the present application, the method is implemented by optimizing a fan-shaped section nozzle arrangement of a slab caster in a steel mill, and the implementation steps are as follows:
the continuous casting machine mainly produces SPHC steel with the section size of 1020 mm multiplied by 200 mm. Table 1 shows the continuous casting process parameters of the caster segment.
Table 1 technological parameters of fan-shaped section of continuous casting machine
| Pulling speed | 1.35 m/min |
| Pipeline air pressure | 0.30 MPa |
| Average water flow rate of nozzle | 3.30 L/min |
| Nozzle model | PZWH3.8-90B2 |
| Nozzle height | 210 mm |
| Nozzle spacing | 400 mm |
| Nozzle arrangement | Two per row |
| Number of nozzles | 168 |
| Diameter of roller | 190 mm |
First, determining initial working condition parameters of a nozzle: nozzle height h 0 =210 mm, nozzle spacing d 0 =400 mm, the number of single row nozzles n=2. Under the current working condition, crack defects frequently occur at the corners of the casting blank, and crack defects occasionally occur in 1/4 area of the broad surface of the casting blank.
Secondly, using a spray detection device to detect the water distribution of the spray nozzle sprayed to the surface of the casting blank under the initial working condition. In the detection process, in order to obtain water distribution data of the nozzle in the actual working state, a detection strip of the nozzle is determined according to pipeline air pressure and spray water flow in the continuous casting production processThe piece is: pipeline air pressurePipeline water flow. In this embodiment, the spray coverage area is divided into a number of small segments of width 12 mm, the water flow density in each small segment is calculated separately, and the data is recorded.
And (3) establishing an SPHC steel solidification heat transfer mathematical model considering the transverse water distribution of the casting blank, and correcting the model through actual temperature measurement data of the surface of the casting blank. And (3) importing the calculated water flow density data into a model, and obtaining casting blank surface temperature distribution data through simulation calculation.
Adopting a data fitting method to establish an SPHC steel casting blank temperature-thermoplastic value quantitative relation model:
（3）
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,representing the thermoplastic value,%; t represents the temperature of the casting blank and DEG C.
As shown in FIG. 2, the curve I and the curve II are piecewise fitted function curves, and the curve I and the curve II are the reduction of area data of the target steel grade.
Substituting the temperature distribution data into the formula (3) to obtain the thermoplastic value distribution data of the casting blank surface.
In this embodiment, the results of thermoplastic value distribution data are drawn into cloud charts by using origin software, and analyzed as shown in fig. 3 and 4, wherein fig. 3 is a cloud chart of thermoplastic value distribution on the surface of a casting blank under different nozzle heights (nozzle heights corresponding to 210 mm, 235 mm, 260 mm and 285 mm respectively in fig. 3, and fig. 4 is a cloud chart of thermoplastic value distribution on the surface of a casting blank under different nozzle pitches (nozzle pitches corresponding to 350 mm, 400 mm, 450 mm and 500 mm respectively in fig. i, ii, iii and iv); the lighter the color in both figures, the greater the thermoplastic value at that location.
Substituting r=95 mm into equation (1) gives the nozzle height h i The range of requirements that the range needs to meet:
（4）
the step length of the nozzle height change is set to be 25 mm, and the steps are repeated by adopting the method provided by the application based on the initial nozzle height parameter. To ensure adequate spray coverage width, the present example calculates the distribution of the thermoplastic values of the casting surface at nozzle heights 210 mm, 235 mm, 260 mm, 285 mm in sequence, as shown in fig. 3.
According to the method provided by the application, the surface quality of the casting blank is combined, and the corresponding nozzle arrangement parameters when the thermoplastic value of the edge area of the casting blank is maximum are required to be selected. As can be seen from an analysis of fig. 3, the area of the high thermoplastic region at the edge of the billet was maximized when the nozzle height was 210, 210 mm.
When the nozzle height is 210 mm, the single nozzle spray coverage width is 516 mm. Will D 0 Substituting =516 mm, n=2, w=1020 mm into formula (2) to obtain the nozzle spacing d j The range of requirements to be met:
（5）
the step length of the nozzle spacing change is set to be 50 mm, and the steps are repeated by adopting the method provided by the application based on the initial nozzle height parameter. To ensure adequate spray coverage, the present example calculates the distribution of the thermoplastic values on the surface of the cast strand at nozzle spacings of 350 mm, 400 mm, 450 mm, 500 mm in sequence, as shown in fig. 4.
According to the method provided by the application, the corresponding nozzle arrangement parameters are selected when the thermoplastic value of the casting blank edge area is maximum. As can be seen from an analysis of fig. 4, the area of the high thermoplastic region at the edge of the cast slab was maximized when the nozzle pitch was 350 mm.
Thus, the optimal placement parameter for the nozzles is nozzle height 210 mm, nozzle spacing 350 mm.
In the detection process, the spray angle and the water distribution asymmetry of the type of nozzle are all within the range of the nozzle evaluation standard. Therefore, the nozzle of the model has better quality and can be continuously used for SPHC steel continuous casting production.
Industrial test results show that the crack defects at the corners of the casting blank disappear, the wide surface of the casting blank does not generate other types of crack defects, and the quality of the continuous casting blank is higher.
Comparative example 1:
in this comparative example, the existing method based on improving the spray water distribution non-uniformity of the nozzle was used to optimize the nozzle placement parameters for the SPHC steel sector.
The continuous casting process parameters, the initial working condition parameters of the nozzle and the detection condition control method are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Setting the same nozzle height and nozzle pitch change step length as in example 1, and sequentially detecting the spray water distribution when the nozzle heights are 210 mm, 235 mm, 260 mm and 285 mm by using a spray detection device, as shown in fig. 5; the spray water distribution was measured at nozzle pitches of 350 mm, 400 mm, 450 mm, 500 mm in order, as shown in fig. 6.
As can be seen from analysis of fig. 5, when the nozzle height is 285 mm, the difference between the water quantity in the spray overlapping area and the water quantity in the spray center area of the nozzle is minimum, and the distribution non-uniformity of the spray water quantity is minimum; as can be seen from an analysis of fig. 6, when the nozzle pitch is 350 mm, the difference between the water quantity in the spray overlap region and the water quantity in the spray center region of the nozzle is minimum, and the distribution unevenness of the spray water quantity is minimum.
Thus, the nozzle optimal placement parameters are: nozzle height 285 mm, nozzle pitch 350 mm.
Industrial test results show that the improvement of crack defects at the corners of the casting blank is not obvious, fine crack defects are distributed on the surface of the casting blank, and the quality of the continuous casting blank is poor.
Comparative example 2:
in this comparative example, the existing method based on improving the non-uniformity of the surface temperature distribution of the cast slab was used to optimize the nozzle placement parameters of the SPHC steel sector.
The continuous casting process parameters, the initial working condition parameters of the nozzle, the detection condition control method and the detection data processing method are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
The SPHC steel solidification heat transfer mathematical model which is established in the embodiment 1 and considers the transverse water distribution of the casting blank is adopted, and the temperature distribution data of the casting blank surface is obtained through simulation calculation.
Considering that the influence of the spray water distribution of the nozzle on the temperature distribution of the surface of the casting blank gradually decreases along with the increase of the distance from the casting mould meniscus. In order to clearly reflect the influence of spray water distribution on the surface temperature distribution of the casting blank, the comparative example is analyzed based on the transverse temperature distribution data of the surface of the casting blank at the end of the 2 nd segment of the casting blank sector.
Setting the same nozzle height and nozzle spacing change step length as in example 1, and repeating the steps to obtain fan-shaped 2 nd section end casting blank surface transverse temperature distribution data when the nozzle heights are 210 mm, 235 mm, 260 mm and 285 mm, as shown in fig. 7; the data of the transverse temperature distribution of the surface of the segment 2 end casting blank with the nozzle spacing of 350 mm, 400 mm, 450 mm and 500 mm are obtained as shown in fig. 8.
As can be seen from analysis of fig. 7, as the nozzle height increases, the lateral maximum temperature difference of the surface of the cast slab gradually decreases, and when the nozzle height is 285 mm, the lateral temperature distribution of the cast slab is minimized; as can be seen from an analysis of fig. 8, as the nozzle pitch increases, the lateral maximum temperature difference of the surface of the cast slab decreases and then increases, and when the nozzle pitch is 450 mm, the lateral temperature distribution of the surface of the cast slab is minimized.
Thus, the nozzle optimal placement parameters are: nozzle height 285 mm, nozzle pitch 450 mm.
Industrial test results show that the improvement of crack defects at the corners of the casting blank is not obvious, but the fine crack defects on the surface of the casting blank are obviously improved, and in general, the quality improvement effect of the continuous casting blank is limited.
The nozzle optimal arrangement method based on the solidification characteristics of the continuous casting billet provided by the embodiment of the application is described in detail. The above description of embodiments is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present application and its core ideas; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application in view of the above.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system comprising such elements. By "substantially" is meant that within an acceptable error range, a person skilled in the art is able to solve the technical problem within a certain error range, substantially achieving the technical effect.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings. In addition to the above terms may be used to denote orientation or positional relationships, other meanings may be used, such as the term "upper" may also be used in some cases to denote some sort of attachment or connection. The specific meaning of these terms in the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. The term "and/or" as used herein is merely one association relationship describing the associated object, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
Claims (9)
1. The method is characterized in that the method comprehensively considers the water distribution of the spray nozzle sprayed to the surface of the continuous casting billet, the solidification characteristic of the continuous casting billet and the thermoplastic value of the surface of the casting billet, and determines the optimal nozzle setting parameters;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the height of each nozzle under the condition that the nozzle spacing is fixed;
s2, determining working condition parameters of a nozzle of the continuous casting machine under the existing nozzle height, and acquiring the surface quality of a casting blank under the current working condition parameters;
s3, acquiring water distribution data of the spray nozzle sprayed to the surface of the continuous casting billet under the current working condition parameters;
s4, importing the water distribution data obtained in the step S3 into a solidification heat transfer mathematical model, and obtaining corresponding casting blank surface temperature distribution data through model calculation;
s5, importing the casting blank surface temperature distribution data obtained in the S4 into a continuous casting billet temperature-thermoplastic value quantitative relation model, and obtaining corresponding casting blank surface thermoplastic value distribution data through model calculation;
s6, repeating the steps S1-S5 to obtain thermoplastic value distribution data of the surface of the casting blank at different nozzle heights, and determining the optimal nozzle height according to the surface quality of the casting blank and the thermoplastic value distribution data of the surface of the casting blank;
the manner of determining the optimum nozzle height in step S6 is:
when no crack exists on the surface of the casting blank, selecting the nozzle height with the best distribution uniformity of the thermoplastic value on the surface of the casting blank, and marking the nozzle height as a first nozzle height; when cracks exist on the surface of the casting blank, selecting the corresponding nozzle height when the thermoplastic value of the crack on the surface of the casting blank is maximum, and marking the nozzle height as a second nozzle height;
when a plurality of cracks exist on the surface of the same casting blank, the thermoplastic value of the most serious crack occurrence position is used as a mark of the surface quality of the casting blank, and the maximum thermoplastic value is selected from a plurality of thermoplastic value marks, and the corresponding nozzle height is the second nozzle height.
2. The method for optimal nozzle placement based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet according to claim 1, further comprising:
s7, determining the optimal nozzle spacing based on the nozzle height determined in the step S6; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s71, setting the nozzle height to the nozzle height determined in the step S6, sequentially changing the nozzle spacing according to the set step length, and repeating the steps S2-S5 to obtain the thermoplastic value distribution data of the casting blank surface under different nozzle spacing;
s72, selecting the nozzle spacing with the surface quality of the casting blank being consistent with the nozzle height determined in the step S6 as a spacing selectable set, and selecting the optimal nozzle spacing according to the thermoplastic value distribution data of the surface of the casting blank.
3. The method for optimally arranging nozzles based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet according to claim 1, wherein the solidification heat transfer mathematical model in step S4 is a solidification heat transfer mathematical model based on water distribution on the surface of a casting billet.
4. The method for optimally arranging nozzles based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet according to claim 1, wherein the construction of the quantitative relation model of the temperature-thermoplastic value of the continuous casting billet in step S4 comprises: and obtaining the data of the reduction of area of the produced casting blank at different temperatures through a high-temperature tensile test, and constructing the quantitative relation model of the continuous casting billet temperature and the thermoplastic value according to the data.
5. The method for optimal nozzle placement based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet according to claim 1, further comprising detection of the nozzle, the condition of passing the detection is: and keeping the pipeline air pressure and the nozzle water flow value of the detection equipment consistent with those of the continuous casting machine in the actual working of the nozzle.
6. The method for optimizing nozzle arrangement based on solidification characteristics of continuous casting billet according to claim 1, wherein the method for introducing water distribution data into the solidification heat transfer mathematical model in step S4 is as follows: dividing the spraying coverage area into a plurality of small sections with equal width, and calculating the water flow density on each small section; dividing the corresponding area of the surface of the solidification heat transfer mathematical model into a plurality of small sections with the same width, and sequentially guiding the water flow density into the corresponding positions in the solidification heat transfer mathematical model.
7. The method for optimally arranging nozzles based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the quantitative relation model of the temperature-thermoplastic value of the continuous casting billet in step S5 is as follows: and constructing by adopting a function fitting or piecewise function fitting method, wherein the fitting goodness is more than 0.95.
8. The method for optimally arranging nozzles based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle height satisfying conditions are:，
wherein hi is the nozzle height; r is the radius of the roller at the corresponding position of the continuous casting machine.
9. The method for optimally arranging nozzles based on solidification characteristics of a continuous casting billet according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle pitch satisfies the condition that: ，
wherein d j Is the nozzle spacing; n is the number of single-row nozzles of the continuous casting machine; w is the width of a casting blank; di is the corresponding single nozzle spray coverage width for a nozzle height hi.
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