CN116496830B - Copper alloy die casting die lubricant and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents

Copper alloy die casting die lubricant and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116496830B
CN116496830B CN202310473348.1A CN202310473348A CN116496830B CN 116496830 B CN116496830 B CN 116496830B CN 202310473348 A CN202310473348 A CN 202310473348A CN 116496830 B CN116496830 B CN 116496830B
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lubricant
die
parts
copper alloy
spraying
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CN116496830A (en
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王声华
尤炳麟
王家霖
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Xiamen Jiajiada Machinery Co ltd
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Xiamen Jiajiada Machinery Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/105—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/0215—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/1253—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/101—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/72—Extended drain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
    • C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Abstract

The invention discloses a copper alloy die-casting die lubricant and a preparation and use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of die-casting lubricants. The lubricant is mainly prepared from inorganic nano powder, an organic matrix material and an organic resin material, the oil-based lubricant is used as a base, the content of oil materials in the lubricant is reduced, the better oil is selected and proportioned, the corresponding inorganic powder material mixture with higher proportion is matched, and meanwhile, the more proper coating amount sprayed on the surface of a die is matched, so that a product with complex and irregular inner cavity shape of the die casting die can be well lubricated, the manufacturing cost of the lubricant is low, the copper alloy die casting manufactured after the lubrication process is high in yield, the surface is smooth and free from casting defects, and compared with the existing lubricant, the service life of a die core can be greatly prolonged, the remarkable superiority is realized, and the lubricant can be well applied to the copper alloy die casting process.

Description

Copper alloy die casting die lubricant and preparation and use methods thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die casting lubricants, in particular to a copper alloy die casting die lubricant and a preparation and use method thereof.
Background
In the prior art brass die castings, the die casting cores used are generally made of die steels such as hot-work materials, i.e., 3Cr2W8V, H, 8407, 8418, 2344, etc. The die prepared from the material has a short service life, the average service life is 1000-2000 times, and sometimes the die can be early failed due to cracking even at 500-700 times.
The main reasons for the low service life of the die are that the service condition of the die is poor, the temperature of the die casting material is higher than 950 ℃, and the temperature of the die core is higher than 500 ℃ in general although a cooling system is arranged in the die core; in the current production process, water-soluble lubricating liquid or graphite emulsion is sprayed on a die for lubrication.
For example, the Chinese patent publication No. CN106350190B discloses a high-grade high-speed copper wire drawing lubricant and a preparation method thereof, which mainly comprises the steps of heating an oily agent, a phosphorus-containing extreme pressure agent and an emulsifier to 100-120 ℃, adding water at 90-100 ℃ under continuous stirring, cooling to below 40 ℃, adding an anti-corrosion and anti-rust agent, a mildew-proof agent and a defoaming agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the product.
The water-based lubricant has good lubricating performance, is used for drawing high-strength brass-plated steel wires, has high drawing speed, can reduce die loss to a certain extent, has common heat insulation performance and higher price, and can only be partially cooled in partial positions during use. If the casting is large in size, the die is complex in shape, and the die is frequently expanded with heat and contracted with cold locally under the condition of uneven product thickness, early cracking and failure can be caused.
And the die casting die processing period is as long as two and three months, the use time is short due to early cracking failure, the cost of the product sharing die is high, the balanced production is influenced, the production cost is improved, and the large production pressure is brought to enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a copper alloy die casting die lubricant and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
The technical effects are as follows: the lubricant can well lubricate products with complex and irregular inner cavity shapes of the die casting mold, meanwhile, the lubricant is low in manufacturing cost, the copper alloy die casting manufactured by the lubrication process is high in yield, the surface is smooth and free of casting defects, meanwhile, compared with the existing lubricant, the lubricant can greatly prolong the service life of the mold core, has obvious superiority, and can be well applied to the copper alloy die casting process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A copper alloy die casting mold lubricant is formed by mixing the following substances in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of inorganic nano powder
50-65 Parts of organic matrix material
6-13 Parts of organic resin material;
wherein the weight of the organic matrix material accounts for 50-65% of the weight of all substances;
The lubricant was applied to the mold surface by spraying at a coating weight of 0.0001ml/cm 2～0.6ml/cm2.
Further, the organic matrix material is prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight:
the copper alloy die casting mold lubricant is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight:
in the copper alloy die casting die lubricant, the particle size of each substance in the inorganic nano powder is as follows:
the copper alloy die casting mold lubricant is prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight:
50 to 70 parts of furfuryl alcohol resin
20-30 Parts of furfural-acetone resin
10-25 Parts of furfural-acetone-formaldehyde resin.
The copper alloy die casting die lubricant comprises 54-56% of organic matrix material by weight part of all substances.
The preparation method of the copper alloy die-casting die lubricant is used for preparing any one of the copper alloy die-casting die lubricants, and specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, quantitatively weighing all the components of the inorganic nano powder, adding the components into a high-speed stirrer, and uniformly stirring at a rotating speed of 2100-3000 r/min for 15-60 min;
s2, quantitatively weighing and mixing all the constituent substances of the organic matrix material; quantitatively weighing and mixing all the components of the organic resin material;
S3, taking inorganic nano powder, an organic matrix material and an organic resin material according to a proportion, firstly adding the organic matrix material into a grinding machine, then sequentially and uniformly mixing the inorganic nano powder and the organic resin material to prepare a mixture, adding yttrium stabilized zirconia balls into the grinding machine during mixing, and grinding the mixture into a finished lubricant product in a ball milling mode;
Wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the yttrium-stabilized zirconia balls is 1:6.
A spraying method of copper alloy die-casting die lubricant is used for spraying any one of the copper alloy die-casting die lubricant on a die in an air pressure spraying mode, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking an air pressure spraying machine, adding a quantitative solvent into a finished lubricant product, adjusting the spraying concentration, and adjusting the pressure of a pressure tank to ensure that the pressure in the pressure tank is more than or equal to 0.5MPa;
S2, adding the lubricant with target concentration into an air pressure spraying machine, adjusting the position of a spray head, spraying at an inclined angle of 20-40 degrees relative to the spraying surface, and enabling the coating amount to be 0.0001ml/cm 2～0.6ml/cm2.
The solvent used in the process is ethanol or ethyl acetate.
A spraying method of copper alloy die-casting die lubricant is used for spraying any one of the copper alloy die-casting die lubricant on a die in an electrostatic spraying mode, and specifically comprises the following steps:
S1: adding an electrostatic diluent accounting for 1-3% of the total mass into a finished lubricant product, and stirring until the viscosity reaches a specified viscosity;
s2: measuring the resistivity of the mixed liquid by using an electrostatic detector, and keeping the resistivity in a range of 5-260M;
s3: the air circulation system ensures the micro negative pressure of the operation environment, and the relative humidity is kept at 45-55%;
S4: and (3) finishing spraying on the die by using a spray gun, wherein the voltage is 80-90 kv during spraying, and the distance between the spray gun and the workpiece is kept at 35cm.
Among them, the solvent which must be used is ethanol or ethyl acetate to adjust the viscosity of the lubricant, for example, by electrostatic spraying.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) In the invention, the process lubricating oil used for the die is generally oil-based lubricating oil, emulsion, solid lubricating oil, water-based lubricating oil and the like; the oil-based lubricant is widely applied in terms of good lubricating effect, low production cost and wide sources, and the yield of the oil-based lubricant is more than 90% of that of all the lubricants; therefore, in order to reduce the production and use costs, the invention is improved by oil-based lubricants; in the common oil-based lubricant, the base oil is used as the main component, and the proportion of the base oil reaches 60-90%, even 97%;
Meanwhile, the problems are as follows: the larger the used base oil quantity is, the better the lubricating effect is, but the polarity of the oil is poor, the adhesion to the metal is strong, the oil is easy to adhere to the die, free sulfide or free sulfur in the metal and the oil react with the oil at high temperature to generate organic acid and inorganic acid, the die made of the metal is more corrosive and forms oil sludge, the surface of the metal die is polluted, the abrasion is increased, and the die is damaged; in addition, after the additives and the resin are added, the oil ratio is increased, so that the whole temperature of the lubricant is quickly increased, the limit temperature is high, the resin material is easily carbonized at high temperature to be adhered to the surface of the die, a large amount of small molecular gas is generated, the carbon is easily adhered to the surface of the die too quickly to be cleaned, the surface of the die is heated uniformly to different degrees after repeated use, cracks are easily caused by repeated heating and cooling, the whole die is damaged, and the generation of the small molecular gas can influence the quality of die casting products to a certain extent;
The main idea of the invention is therefore: the oil type in the oil-based lubricant is changed, the oil ratio in the lubricant is reduced, the better oil is selected and proportioned, the corresponding inorganic powder material mixture with higher ratio is matched, the more proper coating amount for spraying the surface of the die is matched, the heat insulation property of the lubricant is improved, the probability of high-temperature carbonization and adhesion of the resin material is reduced, the possibility that free sulfur reacts with the oil to acidify to form oil sludge is reduced, the pollution and abrasion to the surface of a metal die are reduced, the damage to the die is reduced, the heating uniformity of the surface of the die after repeated use is improved, the die crack formed by repeated heating and cooling is avoided, the service life of the die is prolonged, and the use and production cost are reduced.
(2) In the invention, the oil used is mainly vegetable base oil, and a certain amount of animal base oil is added; compared with mineral oil widely used at present, the vegetable base oil and the animal base oil have better performance on environmental protection, are clean and environment-friendly, and are easy to obtain materials; in addition, the sulfur and hydrocarbon content in the mineral oil is far higher than that of animal and vegetable base oil, so that the use of the animal and vegetable base oil can better protect the die, reduce the acidification corrosion and prolong the service life;
The unsaturated higher fatty acid glyceride is taken from natural plants, has excellent lubricating performance on metals, can form an adsorption film on the surface of a metal mold, can form a single-layer film of metal soap on the surface of the metal by matching with fatty acid glyceride, free fatty acid and free fatty alcohol, and can improve the overall antifriction and antiwear performance of the lubricating oil by matching the adsorption film with the single-layer film, so that the consumption of the oil is reduced, and the same even better lubricating effect can be achieved; in addition, after the unsaturated higher fatty acid glyceride is matched with the fatty acid glyceride, the free fatty acid and the free fatty alcohol, the surface of a workpiece can be better, the damage to metal is reduced, and the die is protected;
(3) In the invention, animal and vegetable oil is used as the base oil of the lubricant, so that the lubricant has the characteristics of cleanness and richness, has low energy consumption for treatment in the process, reduces the cost, has good biodegradability, does not pollute the environment after being used, and meets the development requirement of the green industry;
(4) According to the invention, the use proportion of oil is reduced, the use proportion of inorganic nano powder is increased, molybdenum dioxide and hexagonal boron nitride are mainly adopted as basic powder, silicon dioxide, tungsten nitride and boron trioxide are adopted as auxiliary materials, so that excellent heat insulation performance can be brought to a lubricant, the temperature of the lubricant can be ensured to be slowly and uniformly increased when the temperature of the die is increased in the die casting process, the heat insulation property is good, the temperature of the whole lubricant is reduced by matching with a resin material, the resin material is prevented from being too fast heated to cause carbonization and being adhered to the die, the protection of the die is realized, and the service life of the die is prolonged;
(5) The lubricant can lubricate the product with complex and irregular shape in the inner cavity of the die casting mold better, has low manufacturing cost, and the copper alloy die casting manufactured by the lubrication process has high yield and smooth surface without casting defects, and can greatly prolong the service life of the mold core compared with the existing lubricant, thereby having obvious superiority and being excellently applied to the copper alloy die casting process.
Detailed Description
The lubricant for the copper alloy die casting die is mainly formed by mixing the following substances in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of inorganic nano powder
50-65 Parts of organic matrix material
6-13 Parts of organic resin material;
wherein, the weight of the organic matrix material accounts for 50-65% of the weight of all materials, the weight of the organic matrix material accounts for 54-56% of the weight of all materials, and the weight of the organic matrix material accounts for 55% of the weight of all materials.
The inorganic nano powder accounts for 27-36% of the weight of all the materials, and the optimal ratio is 29%. The rest is organic resin material.
In the invention, the organic matrix material is prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight:
The inorganic nanometer powder is prepared by mixing the following materials in parts by weight:
in the inorganic nanopowder, the particle size of each substance is:
the organic resin material is prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight:
50 to 70 parts of furfuryl alcohol resin
20-30 Parts of furfural-acetone resin
10-25 Parts of furfural-acetone-formaldehyde resin.
The invention takes the oil-based lubricant as the base, optimizes the formula, reduces the content proportion of the oil in the lubricant, takes the vegetable-based oil as the base, and takes a certain amount of animal-based oil as the auxiliary material to optimize the lubrication effect of the metal-manufactured die, reduces the reduction of the lubrication effect after the oil content is reduced, and ensures the normal lubrication effect in the die casting process.
In addition, the inorganic nano powder is added, the inorganic nano powder with extremely high melting point is matched, the proportion of the powder is adjusted, meanwhile, the particle size of the powder is controlled, the dispersibility and uniformity of the powder in the lubricant can be improved, when the lubricant is used in a high-temperature environment, a compact and good heat insulation layer can be formed, the heating rate and the limiting temperature of the oil-based lubricant are reduced, and the bonding caused by the too high carbonization rate of an organic resin material due to the too fast heating of the lubricant is avoided.
The organic resin materials adopted in the invention are mainly furfuryl alcohol resin, furfural-acetone resin and furfural-acetone-formaldehyde resin, and the organic resin material prepared by mixing the above resins has good stability, chemical corrosion resistance and high turbidity resistance, and good stability at high temperature, so after the content of oil products is reduced, the content of the resin material is correspondingly reduced, and the organic resin material can be carbonized at a proper controllable rate in a high temperature state, has proper carbonization effect, forms an isolation layer between a part and a mold, and is convenient for the part to be ejected from the mold.
Changing oil products, reducing oil content can reduce sulfur content in oil and inhibit generation of oil sludge after increasing inorganic nano powder content, and inorganic nano powder insulates heat, controls carbonization efficiency of organic resin material, avoids uneven heating of mold part position caused by carbide adhesion when repeatedly heating the mold, reduces erosion to the mold, and prolongs service life of the mold.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the copper alloy die-casting die lubricant, which is used for preparing the copper alloy die-casting die lubricant. The method comprises the following steps:
S1, quantitatively weighing all the components of the inorganic nano powder, adding the components into a high-speed stirrer, and uniformly stirring at a rotating speed of 2100-3000 r/min for 15-60 min;
s2, quantitatively weighing and mixing all the constituent substances of the organic matrix material; quantitatively weighing and mixing all the components of the organic resin material;
S3, taking inorganic nano powder, an organic matrix material and an organic resin material according to a proportion, firstly adding the organic matrix material into a grinding machine, then sequentially and uniformly mixing the inorganic nano powder and the organic resin material to prepare a mixture, adding yttrium stabilized zirconia balls into the grinding machine during mixing, and grinding the mixture into a finished lubricant product in a ball milling mode;
Wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the yttrium-stabilized zirconia balls is 1:6.
The yttrium stabilized zirconia balls are used for grinding the mixture, the mixture can be quickly ground to the target fineness, the yttrium stabilized zirconia balls are high in stability and not easy to react with the mixture, the fineness of powder can be ensured, the dispersibility is improved, and the lubrication effect of the lubricant in the use process and the protection effect of the lubricant on the die are improved.
When in use, the lubricant is coated on the surface of the mould in a spray coating mode, and the coating amount is 0.0001ml/cm 2～0.6ml/cm2. The invention also discloses two methods for spraying the lubricant on the die, which are used for spraying the copper alloy die casting die lubricant on the die.
The first method is carried out by adopting an air pressure spraying machine, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
s1, taking an air pressure spraying machine, adding a quantitative solvent into a finished lubricant product, adjusting the spraying concentration, and adjusting the pressure of a pressure tank to ensure that the pressure in the pressure tank is more than or equal to 0.5MPa;
S2, adding the lubricant with target concentration into an air pressure spraying machine, adjusting the position of a spray head, spraying at an inclined angle of 20-40 degrees relative to the spraying surface, wherein the coating amount is 0.0001ml/cm 2～0.6ml/cm2;
Wherein the solvent is ethanol or ethyl acetate.
The dip angle is controlled to be 20-40 degrees during spraying, so that the lubricant can be prevented from being sprayed out of a preset area during spraying, the spraying uniformity and the good performance are improved, and the control degree of the coating quantity is improved. The oil substances can be generally dissolved in the solvent, and the concentration is regulated by using ethanol or ethyl acetate, so that the oil substances can be quickly volatilized after spraying, the adhesion of the lubricant on the surface of the die is ensured, and the use effect of the lubricant is improved.
The second method is carried out by adopting an electrostatic spraying mode, and specifically comprises the following steps:
S1: adding an electrostatic diluent accounting for 1-3% of the total mass into a finished lubricant product, and stirring until the viscosity reaches a specified viscosity;
s2: measuring the resistivity of the mixed liquid by using an electrostatic detector, and keeping the resistivity in a range of 5-260M;
s3: the air circulation system ensures the micro negative pressure of the operation environment, and the relative humidity is kept at 45-55%;
S4: and (3) finishing spraying on the die by using a spray gun, wherein the voltage is 80-90 kv during spraying, and the distance between the spray gun and the workpiece is kept at 35cm.
Among them, the solvent which must be used is ethanol or ethyl acetate to adjust the viscosity of the lubricant, for example, by electrostatic spraying.
Because oils are easy to generate small molecular bubbles at high temperature, if the lubricant is smeared unevenly on the surface of a die and part of the oil is positioned, two problems are easy to cause, firstly, the local temperature is heated too fast, the organic resin material therein is carbonized too fast, and the adhesion of carbide on the die is caused; and secondly, small molecular bubbles in a part area are more generated, and the quality of the produced parts is influenced in the die casting process.
Therefore, the coating amount is controlled to be 0.0001ml/cm 2～0.6ml/cm2 by the two spraying modes, the generation of small molecular bubbles can be restrained on the basis of guaranteeing the lubricating effect, the heating efficiency of each part of the die is uniform, the die cracking caused by repeated uneven heating is avoided, the die is further protected, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
To verify the lubricating effect of the lubricant according to the invention and the life-prolonging effect on the mould, the invention was tested several times with different examples.
Example 1
Experimental facilities: 3Cr2W8V steel brass test bar die casting die.
The lubricant comprises the following components:
the mass fraction of the organic matrix material is 55%
The mass fraction of the inorganic nano powder is 29 percent
The mass fraction of the organic resin material is 16%.
Lubricant coating weight: 0.1ml/cm 2.
The coating mode is as follows: the air pressure spraying mode is adopted in the invention.
The specific test mode is as follows: and taking 10 parts of the die casting die, preparing a brass test bar in a die casting mode, spraying 0.1ml/cm 2 of lubricant on the surface of the die in an air pressure spraying mode before each die casting, cooling the die at a constant speed after each die casting, and checking whether the die has defects such as cracks and the like. Repeating the above operation until the die is scrapped, counting the average use times of 10 die casting dies, and the yield of the brass test bars after die casting, and taking an average value.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the coating is performed as electrostatic coating in the present invention.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the lubricant composition is:
The mass fraction of the organic matrix material is 50%
The mass fraction of the inorganic nano powder is 27 percent
The mass fraction of the organic resin material is 23%.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the lubricant composition is:
the mass fraction of the organic matrix material is 58%
The mass fraction of the inorganic nano powder is 36 percent
The mass fraction of the organic resin material is 6%.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the lubricant composition is:
the mass fraction of the organic matrix material is 54%
The mass fraction of the inorganic nano powder is 30 percent
The mass fraction of the organic resin material is 16%.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that the lubricant composition is:
the mass fraction of the organic matrix material is 56%
The mass fraction of the inorganic nano powder is 32 percent
The mass fraction of the organic resin material is 12%.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is that the lubricant composition is:
the mass fraction of the organic matrix material is 58%
The mass fraction of the inorganic nano powder is 34 percent
The mass fraction of the organic resin material is 8%.
Example 8
The difference from example 1 is that the experimental equipment is an H13 steel brass test bar die casting mold.
Example 9
The difference from example 1 is that the experimental equipment was a 8407 steel brass test bar die casting mold.
Example 10
The difference from example 1 is that the lubricant application amount is 0.5ml/cm 2.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that a commercially available general water-based lubricant was used.
After several experiments, the data obtained are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 usage times of die and product yield Table in different examples
As can be seen from the above table, the lubricant used in example 1 had the highest die casting yield, the least number of die castings with defects, the least surface roughness of the die castings, the greatest number of die castings when the die was scrapped, the longest service life, and the highest die casting quality, so that the lubricant prepared by using the material formulation in example 1 had the best effect. Compared with the common water-based lubricant, the lubricant disclosed by the invention can prolong the service life of the die by more than two times by matching with the spraying method disclosed by the invention, and has excellent use effect.
In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The copper alloy die casting die lubricant is characterized by being prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of inorganic nano powder
50-65 Parts of organic matrix material
6-13 Parts of organic resin material;
wherein the weight of the organic matrix material accounts for 50-65% of the weight of all substances;
the lubricant is coated on the surface of the die in a spraying mode, and the coating amount is 0.0001ml/cm 2～0.6ml/cm2;
the organic matrix material is prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight: 20-37 parts of fatty acid glyceride; 30-38 parts of unsaturated higher fatty acid glyceride; 24-35 parts of free fatty acid; 15-25 parts of free fatty alcohol;
the inorganic nano powder is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of molybdenum dioxide; 10-16 parts of silicon dioxide; 10-15 parts of tungsten nitride; 1-8 parts of diboron trioxide; 20-45 parts of hexagonal boron nitride;
The organic resin material is prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of furfuryl alcohol resin; 20-30 parts of furfural-acetone resin; 10-25 parts of furfural-acetone-formaldehyde resin.
2. The copper alloy die casting mold lubricant according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of each substance in the inorganic nano powder is:
Molybdenum dioxide 70-85 nm
Silicon dioxide of 50-70 nm
Tungsten nitride 80-110 nm
60-70 Nm of diboron trioxide
Hexagonal boron nitride 90-110 nm.
3. A copper alloy die casting mold lubricant as defined in claim 1, wherein: the weight of the organic matrix material accounts for 54-56% of the weight of all the substances.
4. A method for preparing the copper alloy die casting mold lubricant, which is characterized by being used for preparing any one of the copper alloy die casting mold lubricants as claimed in claims 1 to 3, and specifically comprising the following steps:
S1, quantitatively weighing all the components of the inorganic nano powder, adding the components into a high-speed stirrer, and uniformly stirring at a rotating speed of 2100-3000 r/min for 15-60 min;
s2, quantitatively weighing and mixing all the constituent substances of the organic matrix material; quantitatively weighing and mixing all the components of the organic resin material;
S3, taking inorganic nano powder, an organic matrix material and an organic resin material according to a proportion, firstly adding the organic matrix material into a grinding machine, then sequentially and uniformly mixing the inorganic nano powder and the organic resin material to prepare a mixture, adding yttrium stabilized zirconia balls into the grinding machine during mixing, and grinding the mixture into a finished lubricant product in a ball milling mode;
Wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the yttrium-stabilized zirconia balls is 1:6.
5. A method for spraying a copper alloy die casting die lubricant as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, taking an air pressure spraying machine, adding a quantitative solvent into a finished lubricant product, adjusting the spraying concentration, and adjusting the pressure of a pressure tank to ensure that the pressure in the pressure tank is more than or equal to 0.5MPa;
S2, adding the lubricant with target concentration into an air pressure spraying machine, adjusting the position of a spray head, spraying at an inclined angle of 20-40 degrees relative to the spraying surface, wherein the coating amount is 0.0001ml/cm 2～0.6ml/cm2;
Wherein the solvent is ethanol or ethyl acetate.
6. A spraying method of a copper alloy die casting die lubricant is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a lubricant for use in electrostatic spraying of the copper alloy die casting die according to any one of claims 1 to 3 onto a die, comprising the steps of:
S1: adding an electrostatic diluent accounting for 1-3% of the total mass into a finished lubricant product, and stirring until the viscosity reaches a specified viscosity;
s2: measuring the resistivity of the mixed liquid by using an electrostatic detector, and keeping the resistivity in a range of 5-260M;
S3: the air circulation system ensures the micro negative pressure of the operation environment, and the relative humidity is kept at 45-55%;
S4: and (3) finishing spraying on the die by using a spray gun, wherein the voltage is 80-90 kv during spraying, and the distance between the spray gun and the workpiece is kept at 35cm.
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CN103539386A (en) * 2012-07-16 2014-01-29 北京中电联众电力技术有限公司 Cast silicon carbide composite material and preparation method thereof
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CN108788003A (en) * 2018-08-29 2018-11-13 昆山帝邦铸造科技有限公司 A kind of powdered mold release agents and preparation method thereof and application method
CN108838318A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-11-20 昆山帝邦铸造科技有限公司 A kind of high temperature resistant releasing agent used for casting and preparation method thereof and application method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009166093A (en) * 2008-01-16 2009-07-30 Yushiro Chem Ind Co Ltd Parting agent and casting method
EP2133165A1 (en) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-16 ITN Nanovation AG Method for casting copper and alloys containing copper
CN103539386A (en) * 2012-07-16 2014-01-29 北京中电联众电力技术有限公司 Cast silicon carbide composite material and preparation method thereof
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