CN116485690B - Method and device for calibrating moire fringe drift of X-ray grating imaging - Google Patents
Method and device for calibrating moire fringe drift of X-ray grating imaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for calibrating moire fringe drift of X-ray grating imaging, which belong to the field of X-ray grating imaging and comprise the following steps: adjusting the grating to form moire fringes; acquiring a background moire fringe phase information image; acquiring a moire fringe phase information image of a detection object; acquiring moire fringe phase information offset based on the moire fringe phase information offsetFor the phase information image of the actual detected objectCompensating to obtain a detected object phase information image free of moire drift artifactsThereby achieving moire drift calibration. The invention can realize the precise calibration of the moire fringe drift global domain, eliminate the artifact and ensure the imaging quality while ensuring the verification efficiency and the detection of the complete field area of the object.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of X-ray grating imaging, in particular to an X-ray grating imaging moire fringe drift calibration method and a calibration device for implementing the X-ray grating imaging moire fringe drift calibration method.
Background
Compared with the traditional X-ray absorption imaging, the X-ray Talbot-Lau grating imaging can clearly image biological soft tissues with high contrast, and can provide three-in-one image information of object absorption, refraction and scattering. The stepping-free grating imaging based on moire fringe analysis can solve the problems of long imaging time, low efficiency and large dosage of the traditional grating, but moire fringe drift can be caused due to grating thermal expansion and device vibration so as to introduce phase deviation, so that moire fringe artifact can occur when moire fringe information is utilized to separate images, and imaging quality is affected.
In order to avoid the phenomenon of moire fringe drift of an X-ray Talbot-Lau grating imaging device, the traditional technical means stabilizes moire fringes of the device through long-time exposure, but greatly reduces experimental efficiency, and damages a light source and a detector; in addition, the phase deviation is compensated by comparing and calculating moire fringes of a blank area of the detection object image and moire fringes of the detection object, but the method has the problem that a certain blank area is reserved for an imaging view field of the detection object, so that the view field area of the detection object is reduced. In addition, the method assumes that the moire phase deviation is a fixed value over the entire area, with some error.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an X-ray grating imaging moire fringe drift calibration method which can realize the precise calibration of a moire fringe drift global domain, eliminate artifacts and ensure the imaging quality while ensuring the verification efficiency and detecting the complete field area of an object.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an X-ray grating imaging moire fringe drift calibration method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the grating to form moire fringes;
acquiring a background moire fringe phase information image: acquiring a first moire fringe image when a detection object is not placedAnd extracting the background moire phase information image +.>；
Acquiring moire fringe phase information images of a detection object: acquiring a second moire fringe image when placing a detection objectAnd extract the moire phase information image of the detection object +.>
Acquiring moire fringe phase information offset: the background moire fringe phase information image and the moire fringe phase information image of the detection object are subjected to subtraction to obtain moire fringe phase information offset；
Eliminating artifacts: based on the moire phase information offsetFor the phase information image of the actual detected object +.>Compensating to obtain a detected object phase information image free of moire drift artifactsThereby achieving moire drift calibration.
Further, in the step of eliminating the artifact, the actually detected object phase information imageWherein->For the first moire phase information image,is a second moire phase information image.
Further, in the step of acquiring the moire phase information image of the detection object, the moire intensity is calculated according to the fourier series expansionExpressed as:
wherein , is the 0 th order Fourier coefficient, ">Comprises detecting object absorption information; />For 1 st order Fourier coefficient, affects moire contrast, < +.>Comprises detecting object scattering information; />Is moire fringe carrier frequency; />Is the moire fringe tilt angle; />To detect object phase information.
Further, in the step of adjusting the grating to form moire fringes, adjusting the relative positions and the relative angles of the phase grating and the analysis grating, and forming a moire fringe image with high contrast on the detector, namely the first moire fringe image; and placing the detection object between the source grating and the phase grating, and forming a moire fringe image containing detection object information on the detector, namely the second moire fringe image.
Further, in the step of acquiring the moire phase information image of the detection object, the operation steps specifically include:
(1) Fourier transforming the second moire image to obtain a second spectrum image；
(2) Filtering the second spectrum image;
(3) Performing inverse Fourier transform on the filtered second spectrum image, and extracting moire fringe phase information image of the detection object from the second spectrum image after inverse Fourier transform。
Further, in the step of acquiring the moire phase information image of the detection object, the filtering step specifically includes:
(a) For the second frequency spectrum image, moire fringe carrier frequency pointCarrying out one-dimensional narrow-band Gaussian band-pass filtering on the center along the y axis;
(b) From moire fringe carrier frequency points, the filtered second spectral imageThe position is shifted to the zero frequency point.
Further, a filterExpressed as: />, wherein ,/>Is the frequency in the y-axis direction on the spectrogram, < >>For the filter center frequency, < >>Is a filter window.
Further, in the step of acquiring the background moire phase information image, the operation steps specifically include:
(1) Fourier transforming the first moire imageObtaining a first spectrum image；
(2) Filtering the first spectrum image;
(3) Performing inverse Fourier transform on the filtered first spectrum image, and extracting background moire fringe phase information image from the first spectrum image after inverse Fourier transform。
Further, in the step of acquiring the background moire phase information image, the filtering processing step specifically includes:
(a) For the first frequency spectrum image, moire fringe carrier frequency pointCarrying out one-dimensional narrow-band Gaussian band-pass filtering on the center along the y axis;
(b) From moire fringe carrier frequency points, the filtered first spectrum imageThe position is shifted to the zero frequency point.
The invention also provides a moire fringe drift calibration device for implementing the moire fringe drift calibration method for X-ray grating imaging, which comprises the following steps:
an X-ray source for providing X-rays;
a source grating for forming a spatially coherent line light source;
a phase grating for forming grating self-imaging fringes;
an analyzer grating for forming amplified moire fringes;
the first moire fringe image can be obtained on the detector by adjusting the relative positions and relative angles of the phase grating and the analysis grating; a detection object is placed between the source grating and the phase grating, and the second moire pattern image is formed on the detector.
Compared with the prior art, the X-ray grating imaging moire fringe drift calibration method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The X-ray grating imaging moire fringe drift calibration method can realize the accurate calibration of moire fringe drift global domain, eliminate artifacts and ensure imaging quality.
(2) The invention does not need to carry out long-time exposure preheating on the imaging device in advance, greatly improves the detection efficiency and reduces the damage to the X-ray source and the detector.
(3) The invention can completely reserve the imaging view field of the detected object, does not need to reserve a blank area to calibrate moire fringe drift, and can calibrate the image globally without a fixed value of the calibration offset obtained by the method, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of uneven distribution of moire fringe drift on the image.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calibrating moire fringe drift of X-ray grating imaging of the present invention;
FIG. 2-a is a first spectral image of a first moire image;
FIG. 2-b is the filtered first spectral image of FIG. 2-a;
FIG. 3-a is a second spectral image of a second moire image;
FIG. 3-b is the filtered second spectral image of FIG. 3-a;
FIG. 4-a is an image of phase information extracted prior to calibration by the moire fringe drift calibration method of the X-ray grating imaging of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4-b is a phase information image extracted from the calibration of FIG. 4-a by the X-ray grating imaging moire drift calibration method;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a moire drift calibration device according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an X-ray source; 2. a source grating; 3. detecting an object; 4. a phase grating; 5. analyzing the grating; 6. a detector.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be present as another intermediate element through which the element is fixed. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In this embodiment:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a calibration method for moire fringe drift of X-ray grating imaging, which comprises the following steps:
adjusting the grating to form moire fringes;
acquiring a background moire fringe phase information image: acquiring a first moire fringe image when a detection object is not placedAnd extracting the background moire phase information image +.>；
Acquiring moire fringe phase information images of a detection object: acquiring a second moire fringe image when placing a detection objectAnd extract the moire phase information image of the detection object +.>
Acquiring moire fringe phase information offset: obtaining moire fringe phase information offset by differencing background moire fringe phase information image and detected object moire fringe phase information image；
Eliminating artifacts: based on the moire phase information offsetFor the phase information image of the actual detected object +.>Compensating to obtain a detected object phase information image free of moire drift artifactsThereby achieving moire drift calibration.
In the step of adjusting the grating to form moire fringes, adjusting the relative positions and relative angles of the phase grating 4 and the analysis grating 5, and forming a moire fringe image with high contrast on the detector 6, namely a first moire fringe image; the step of collecting the first moire fringe image comprises the following steps:
a. the phase grating 4 and the analysis grating 5 are respectively translated along the X axis, so that the centers of the phase grating 4 and the analysis grating 5 are aligned with the center of the X-ray source 1;
b. translating the phase grating 4 along the Z-axis to form moire fringes on the detector 6;
c. rotating the phase grating 4 around the X-axis to adjust the moire fringes into straight fringes;
d. rotating the phase grating 4 around the Z-axis to adjust the moire direction to horizontal;
e. rotating the analyzer grating 5 about the Y-axis to form moire fringes of uniform period;
f. the phase grating 4 is translated along the Z-axis to adjust the moire period, ultimately forming a moire image that meets the imaging requirements.
Placing the detection object 3 between the source grating 2 and the phase grating 4, and forming a moire fringe image containing detection object information on the detector 6, namely a second moire fringe image;
moire intensity according to fourier series expansionExpressed as:
wherein , is the 0 th order Fourier coefficient, ">Comprises detecting object absorption information; />For 1 st order Fourier coefficient, affects moire contrast, < +.>Comprises detecting object scattering information; />Is moire fringe carrier frequency; />Is the moire fringe tilt angle; />To detect object phasesBit information; where s and n represent moire image information when there is a detection object, respectively.
In the step of acquiring the background moire fringe phase information image, the operation steps are specifically as follows:
(1) Fourier transforming the first moire image to obtain a first spectrum image；
(2) Filtering the first spectrum image;
(3) Performing inverse Fourier transform on the filtered first spectrum image, and extracting background moire fringe phase information image from the first spectrum image after inverse Fourier transform。
The filtering processing step, namely the step (2), comprises the following steps:
(a) For the first frequency spectrum image, moire fringe carrier frequency pointCarrying out one-dimensional narrow-band Gaussian band-pass filtering on the center along the y axis;
(b) From moire fringe carrier frequency points, the filtered first spectrum imageThe position is shifted to the zero frequency point.
In step (1), a first spectral image is obtained, as shown in fig. 2-a, from a fast fourier transform FFT.
In step (a), a filterExpressed as: />Wherein->In the direction of the y axis on the spectrogramFrequency of->For the filter center frequency, < >>Is a filter window.
Performing Gaussian filter smoothing operation on image spectrum data to obtain extremely narrow filter windowPreserving the frequency near the center of the filter>Is eliminated from the low frequency part far from the center frequency of the filter>Is a high frequency part of the (c).
In step (b), the zero frequency point of the first spectrum image is the center point of the first spectrum image, and as shown in fig. 2-b, the shifted first spectrum image is used, and the operation can facilitate the subsequent inverse fourier transform operation to obtain the phase information image after the filtering process.
In step (3), the background moire phase information image is extracted according to the fast fourier transform IFFT。
In the step of acquiring the moire fringe phase information image of the detection object, the operation steps specifically include:
(1) Fourier transforming the second moire image to obtain a second spectrum image；
(2) Filtering the second spectrum image;
(3) Performing inverse Fourier transform on the filtered second spectrum image, and extracting moire fringe phase information of the detected object from the second spectrum image after the inverse Fourier transformInformation picture。
The filtering processing step, namely the step (2), comprises the following steps:
(a) For the second frequency spectrum image, moire fringe carrier frequency pointCarrying out one-dimensional narrow-band Gaussian band-pass filtering on the center along the y axis;
(b) From moire fringe carrier frequency points, the filtered second spectral imageThe position is shifted to the zero frequency point.
In step (1), a second spectral image is obtained, as shown in fig. 3-a, from the fast fourier transform FFT.
In step (a), a filterExpressed as: />Wherein->Is the frequency in the y-axis direction on the spectrogram, < >>For the filter center frequency, < >>Is a filter window.
Performing Gaussian filter smoothing operation on image spectrum data to obtain extremely narrow filter windowPreserving the frequency near the center of the filter>Is a low frequency part of (2)Eliminating the frequency far from the center of the filter>Is a high frequency part of the (c).
In step (b), the zero frequency point of the second spectrum image is the center point of the second spectrum image, and as shown in fig. 3-b, the shifted second spectrum image is shown, and this operation can facilitate the subsequent inverse fourier transform operation to obtain the phase information image after the filtering process.
In step (3), the moire phase information image of the detection object is extracted according to the fast Fourier transform IFFT。
In the step of acquiring the moire phase information offset, the moire phase information offset。
In the artifact removing step, the phase information image of the object is actually detectedAs shown in FIG. 4-a, the object phase information image extracted at this time is +.>Has been superimposed with a phase offsetMoire fringes artifact is formed, so that the quality of an object image is affected, then the actually detected object phase information image can be compensated according to the calculated moire fringe phase information offset, as shown in fig. 4-b, and the phase information image +.>Artifacts have been eliminated.
Therefore, the invention can avoid the phenomenon of moire fringe drift of the X-ray Talbot-Lau grating imaging device, and the invention does not need to perform long-time exposure preheating on the imaging device before detection so as to stabilize moire fringe images, thereby greatly reducing the damage to an X-ray source and a flat panel detector while improving the detection efficiency; in addition, the method can completely reserve the imaging view field of the detected object, does not need to reserve a blank area for moire fringe drift calibration, and meanwhile, the calibration offset obtained by the method is not a fixed value, so that the image can be calibrated globally, and the problem of uneven distribution of the moire fringe drift on the image can be effectively avoided.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention further provides a moire fringe drift calibration device, configured to implement any one of the above-mentioned moire fringe drift calibration methods for X-ray grating imaging, where the moire fringe drift calibration device includes:
an X-ray source 1 for providing X-rays;
a source grating 2 for forming a spatially coherent line light source;
the phase grating 4 is used for forming grating self-imaging fringes and adjusting the shape and direction of moire fringes;
an analysis grating 5 for forming amplified moire fringes and adjusting the period of the moire fringes;
a detector 6 for displaying the moire image;
because the X-ray source 1 can be considered to be incoherent with respect to the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the source, the source grating 2 is used for dividing incoherent X-rays into a row of mutually coherent and mutually incoherent X-rays, and when the condition of the Lau effect is met, self-imaging fringes generated by different slit light sources are mutually staggered by one period, so that incoherent superposition enhancement is realized. By adjusting the relative positions and relative angles of the phase grating 4 and the analysis grating 5, a first moire image can be obtained on the detector 6, and a second moire image can be formed on the detector 6 by placing the detection object 3 between the source grating 2 and the phase grating 4.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that numerous modifications and adaptations of the embodiments described above can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An X-ray grating imaging moire fringe drift calibration method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the grating to form moire fringes;
acquiring a background moire fringe phase information image: acquiring a first moire fringe image when a detection object is not placedAnd extracting the background moire phase information image +.>The operation steps are as follows:
(1) Fourier transforming the first moire image to obtain a first spectrum image；
(2) Filtering the first spectrum image;
(3) Performing inverse Fourier transform on the filtered first spectrum image, and extracting background moire fringe phase information image from the first spectrum image after inverse Fourier transform；
Acquiring moire fringe phase information images of a detection object: acquiring a second moire fringe image when placing a detection objectAnd extract the moire phase information image of the detection object +.>The operation steps are as follows:
(1) Fourier transforming the second moire image to obtain a second spectrum image；
(2) Filtering the second spectrum image;
(3) Performing inverse Fourier transform on the filtered second spectrum image, and extracting moire fringe phase information image of the detection object from the second spectrum image after inverse Fourier transform；
Moire fringe intensityExpressed as:
wherein ,is the 0 th order Fourier coefficient, ">Comprises detecting object absorption information; />For 1 st order Fourier coefficient, affects moire contrast, < +.>Comprises detecting object scattering information; />Is moire fringe carrier frequency; />Is the moire fringe tilt angle; />To detect object phase information; s and n respectively represent moire image information when there is a detection object;
acquiring moire fringe phase information offset: the background moire fringe phase information image and the moire fringe phase information image of the detection object are subjected to subtraction to obtain moire fringe phase information offset；
Eliminating artifacts: based on the moire phase information offsetFor the phase information image of the actual detected object +.>Compensating to obtain a detected object phase information image free of moire drift artifacts。
2. The method for calibrating moire fringe drift of X-ray grating imaging of claim 1, wherein: in the artifact eliminating step, the actual detected object phase information image, wherein ,for the first moire phase information image, +.>Is a second moire phase information image.
3. The method for calibrating moire fringe drift of X-ray grating imaging of claim 1, wherein: in the step of adjusting the grating to form moire fringes, adjusting the relative positions and relative angles of the phase grating and the analysis grating, and forming a moire fringe image with high contrast on the detector, namely the first moire fringe image; and placing the detection object between the source grating and the phase grating, and forming a moire fringe image containing detection object information on the detector, namely the second moire fringe image.
4. The method for calibrating moire fringe drift of X-ray grating imaging of claim 1, wherein: in the step of acquiring the moire phase information image of the detection object, the filtering processing step specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) For the second frequency spectrum image, moire fringe carrier frequency pointCarrying out one-dimensional narrow-band Gaussian band-pass filtering on the center along the y axis;
(b) From moire fringe carrier frequency points, the filtered second spectral imageThe position is shifted to the zero frequency point.
5. The method for calibrating moire fringe drift of an X-ray grating image of claim 4, wherein: filter deviceExpressed as: />, wherein ,/>Is the frequency in the y-axis direction on the spectrogram, < >>For the filter center frequency, < >>Is a filter window.
6. The method for calibrating moire fringe drift of X-ray grating imaging of claim 1, wherein: in the step of acquiring the background moire fringe phase information image, the filtering processing step specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) For the first frequency spectrum image, moire fringe carrier frequency pointCarrying out one-dimensional narrow-band Gaussian band-pass filtering on the center along the y axis;
(b) From moire fringe carrier frequency points, the filtered first spectrum imageThe position is shifted to the zero frequency point.
7. A moire fringe drift calibration device, characterized by: the moire fringe drift calibration device is used for implementing the method for calibrating the moire fringe drift of the X-ray grating imaging according to any one of claims 1-6, and comprises the following components:
an X-ray source for providing X-rays;
a source grating for forming a spatially coherent line light source;
a phase grating for forming grating self-imaging fringes;
an analyzer grating for forming amplified moire fringes;
a detector for displaying the moire image;
the first moire fringe image can be obtained on the detector by adjusting the relative positions and relative angles of the phase grating and the analysis grating; a detection object is placed between the source grating and the phase grating, and the second moire pattern image is formed on the detector.
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