CN116458511A - 一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物 - Google Patents
一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于农药复配技术领域，涉及一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物。本发明提供了一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物，有效成分包括杀菌剂和增效剂；所述杀菌剂为多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑，所述增效剂为金合欢醇。在一定的配比范围内，该组合物在防治植物真菌性病害方面表现优异，优于各组分单一用量。本发明进一步试验发现，增效剂的引入进一步提高了组合物对植物真菌性病害的防治效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药复配技术领域，涉及一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物。
背景技术
多抗霉素最早是从可可链霉菌素阿索变种中分离到的一种核苷类抗生素，目前广泛使用的是金色产色链霉菌的代谢产物。多抗霉素是由A至N共14种不同的同系物组成的混合物，主要活性成分为多抗霉素B，属于多氧咪啶核苷类农用抗生素类杀菌剂，能有效地抑制真菌细胞壁骨架成分中的几丁质的合成，使菌体细胞壁不能进行生物合成导致病菌死亡。多抗霉素是一种高效，低毒，无环境污染的安全农药，所以被广泛应用于粮食作物、特用作物、水果和蔬菜等重要病害的防治。
苯醚甲环唑属于***类杀菌剂，在防治病害过程中，表现出预防、治疗、铲除三大功效，耐雨水冲刷等。苯醚甲环唑的作用机理主要是抑制病菌细胞麦角甾醇的生物合成，从而破坏病原菌细胞膜结构与功能，导致真菌死亡；是一种安全性比较高，高效、广谱、低毒、低用量的杀菌剂，具有预防、治疗保护作用和内吸活性，广泛应用于果树、蔬菜、禾谷类作物、园艺作物等，用来防治黑星病、叶斑病、白粉病等；同时也经常被用作小麦、玉米等的种子处理剂，用来防治黑穗病等。
金合欢醇，英文名：(E，E)-Farnesol，CAS：106-28-5，分子式：C15H26O，分子量：222.372，作为具有生物活性的香料和医药中间体化合物，金合欢醇在自然界具有广泛的资源分布。研究报道表明，金合欢醇主要存在于植物的花、叶子、种子的精油中，尤其是在一些中草药植物中具有较高含量，是中草药植物重要的活性成分之一。金合欢醇是一种天然抗菌、除霉和去异味的化学物质，且高效低毒，因此在杀菌液体清洁剂和多种洗涤剂的配方里面，常常含有一定量的金合欢醇。金合欢醇也可用于离子交换树脂去霉，用于木材防腐抗菌。
不同农药品种的混配，是提升作物抗性、改善作物品质的常见方法。通过农药配方筛选，筛选出合理的配方，可有效提高实际效果，促进作物生长发育和品质改善，减少用药量，降低成本。但大多数情况下，农药的复配效果都是相加作用，表现为增效作用的复配较少，尤其是增效作用非常明显、共毒系数很高的复配就更少。而目前关于多抗霉素、苯醚甲环唑、金合欢醇的复配未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的提供一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物，该组合物在防治植物真菌性病害等方面有着优异的效果。
基于上述目的，本发明提供了一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物，有效成分包括杀菌剂和增效剂；所述杀菌剂为多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑，所述增效剂为金合欢醇。
本领域普通技术人员易于知晓，提高农用组合物的药效，避免耐药性的发生，多采用多种农药组合使用或者联合使用，但由于各组分与内在机理的不明，多种农药组合使用或者联合使用后的防治效果是否为协同增效是难以预期的。本发明人经过深入的试验探究，根据田间试验表现出的综合效果评定，本发明所述的农用组合物，对植物真菌性病害表现出优异的防治效果，且都优于单剂的使用效果。
进一步地，在本发明提供的农用组合物中，以质量份计，包括：多抗霉素20～60份、苯醚甲环唑30～80份、金合欢醇1～30份。
优选地，在本发明提供的农用组合物中，以质量份计，包括：多抗霉素36～43份、苯醚甲环唑43～65份、金合欢醇10～20份。
进一步地，在本发明提供的农用组合物中，制成微乳剂，以质量份计，组成为：多抗霉素20～60份、苯醚甲环唑30～80份、金合欢醇1～30份、DMF 50份、二甲苯100份、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚100份、农乳500#50份、水补足1000份。
根据实际应用需要，本发明组合物按照本领域技术人员公知的方法，可制备成为水乳剂、微乳剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂等剂型中的一种。所述的功能性组合物还含有配制农药制剂所需的助剂，助剂可以是水剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、稳定剂、分散剂、增稠剂、pH调节剂、消泡剂、防冻剂、填料等中的一种或几种的混合。本发明所述的助剂可以均为已知物质，比如农药制剂中常用的各种助剂，根据不同情况可以有所变化。
施药方式可以采取喷雾、灌根、浸根、浸种、浇施、甩施、撒施、沟施、穴施等。防治真菌性病害时优选喷雾处理，防治真菌性病害优选剂型为微乳剂。
本发明的组合物主要用于防治植物真菌性病害，所述真菌性病害优选为灰霉病和炭疽病。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的技术方案具备以下有益效果或优点：
本发明提供了一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物，有效成分包括杀菌剂和增效剂；所述杀菌剂为多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑，所述增效剂为金合欢醇。在一定的配比范围内，该组合物在防治植物真菌性病害方面表现优异，优于各组分单一用量。本发明进一步试验发现，增效剂的引入进一步提高了组合物的防治效果，并能有效减轻杀菌剂使用对作物轮作的影响。
具体实施方式
下面，结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明，但是，本发明并不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物对番茄叶霉病的室内毒力测试。
采集温室中从未施用过农药的感染番茄叶霉病的番茄叶片，清水冲洗后再用无菌水冲洗一遍，20～25℃下保湿24h，用无菌水洗下分生孢子，制成孢子悬浮液备用。
供试药剂：多抗霉素(购自武汉天惠生物工程有限公司)、苯醚甲环唑(购自泰安市江舟生物科技有限公司)、金合欢醇(购自成都嘉叶生物科技有限公司)。
参照农药室内生物测定试验准则(朱春雨等，2006)，采用菌丝生长速率抑制法测定。将供试的药剂根据需要配制成系列质量浓度梯度的溶液。无菌操作条件下取上述配制好的药液各1mL，分别移入直径为9cm的培养皿中再在各培养皿中分别加入融化的PSA培养基各9mL(以不加药处理做对照)。将药液和培养基充分混匀，待培养基完全凝固后，将培养好的病原菌用打孔器打成菌饼(直径5mm)自菌落边缘挑起菌饼，分别转接到不同处理浓度的培养基上，每处理4皿，重复3次。放入人工气候箱，在28℃下培养。根据对照中菌丝的生长情况，待对照长满皿时调查菌丝的生长情况，数显游标卡尺十字交叉测量各处理的菌落扩展直径，计算抑菌率。抑菌率(％)＝(对照菌落直径-处理菌落直径)/对照菌落直径×100％。
用SPSS统计分析软件进行统计分析，计算各药剂的EC50，并根据孙云沛法计算混剂的共毒系数(CTC值)，试验结果如表1所示。
实测毒力指数(ATI)＝(标准药剂EC50/供试药剂EC50)×100。
理论毒力指数(TTI)＝A药剂毒力指数×混剂中A的百分含量+B药剂毒力指数×混剂中B的百分含量。
共毒系数(CTC)＝[混剂实测毒力指数(ATI)/混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)]×100。
共毒系数(CTC)≥120表现为增效作用；共毒系数(CTC)≤80表现为拮抗作用；80＜共毒系数(CTC)＜120表现为相加作用。
表1，室内毒力测试
从上面的表1可以看出，在本发明给定的配比范围内，多抗霉素、苯醚甲环唑和金合欢醇三元复配表现出优异的协同增效作用，共毒系数均大于140。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物对黄瓜炭疽病田间测试。
实验地点为为砂性土壤,肥力中等,灌概为漫灌。供试作物为黄瓜,品种为津优101号，试验对象为炭疽病(Colletotrichurm lagenarium)。制剂方法为：制成微乳剂，以质量份计，组成为：多抗霉素20～60份、苯醚甲环唑30～80份、金合欢醇1～30份、DMF 50份、二甲苯100份、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚100份、农乳500#50份、水补足1000份。试验分组如表2所示，随机区组排列小区面积16m2，重复4次，第一次用药生长期为结瓜期，炭疽病为零星发病，1周后第2次用药，第2次用药1周后第3次用药。采用喷雾方法施药，施药量为1kg/hm2，有效成分用量如表2所示。
黄瓜炭疽病分级标准：0级为无病斑；1级为病斑面积占整个叶面积5％以下；3级为病斑面积占整个叶面积6％～10％；5级为病斑面积占整个叶面积11％～25％；7级为病斑面积占整个叶面积26％～50％；9级为病斑面积占整个叶面积50％以上。
表2，黄瓜炭疽病防治效果
由表2可知，本发明制备的多抗霉素、苯醚甲环唑和金合欢醇三元复配微乳剂对黄瓜炭疽病具有优异的防治效果，第3次药后7d的防效达到了82.97～94.38％，远高于未加入各组分的单剂组。
如上所述，即可较好地实现本发明，上述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种改变和改进，均应落入本发明确定的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种含多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑的组合物，有效成分包括杀菌剂和增效剂；
所述杀菌剂为多抗霉素和苯醚甲环唑，所述增效剂为金合欢醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农用组合物，其特征在于，以质量份计，包括：多抗霉素20～60份、苯醚甲环唑30～80份、金合欢醇1～30份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的农用组合物，其特征在于，以质量份计，包括：多抗霉素36～43份、苯醚甲环唑43～65份、金合欢醇10～20份。
4.权利要求1～3任一项所述的农用组合物在防治植物真菌性病害中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述真菌性病害为灰霉病和炭疽病。
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